What is the empirical formula for the molecular formula given?
Molecular formula: C5H120
OC₂H6O
OCH5O
O C3H6O
O C5H12 O

the empirical formula of the unknown organic acid is C9.5H3.55O2.5.

To find the empirical formula, we need to calculate the moles of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the sample:

Moles of CO2 produced: 21.2 g CO2 x (1 mol CO2/44.01 g CO2) = 0.482 mol CO2

This represents the moles of carbon in the sample.

Moles of H2O produced: 3.25 g H2O x (1 mol H2O/18.015 g H2O) = 0.18 mol H2O

Moles of oxygen: The remaining mass of the sample after subtracting the mass of carbon and hydrogen is due to oxygen.

Mass of oxygen = 10.0 g - (21.2 g/44.01 g/mol x 12.01 g/mol + 3.25 g/18.015 g/mol x 2.02 g/mol) = 2.03 g

Moles of oxygen = 2.03 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.127 mol

Carbon: 0.482 mol CO2 / 0.127 mol = 3.8

Hydrogen: 0.18 mol H2O / 0.127 mol = 1.42

Oxygen: 0.127 mol O2 / 0.127 mol = 1

These ratios indicate that the empirical formula is C3.8H1.42O1, but we need to convert this to a whole-number ratio. The simplest whole-number ratio is obtained by multiplying each subscript by 2.5:

C3.8H1.42O1 x 2.5 = C9.5H3.55O2.5

Therefore, the empirical formula of the unknown organic acid is C9.5H3.55O2.5.

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Antimony is an element having atomic number 51 and mass number 121.76 u. It has 51 number of proton and electrons.

Phosphorus is an element having the atomic number 15. It has 15 protons, electrons, and 16 neutrons.

The symbol of magnesium is Mg whereas the symbol of cobalt in Co.

The two subatomic particles present in the nucleus are the proton and neutron. They are collectively called nucleons. The proton has a positive charge, the electron has a negative charge whereas the neutron has no charge.

Protons and neutrons are accordingly called nucleons since they are in the nucleus of the atom. electrons are a type of subatomic speck with a negative charge. Protons are a type of subatomic particle with a positive charge.

Neutrons, further with protons, are subatomic particles found inside the nucleus of every atom. Neutrons have an impartial electric charge (neither negative nor positive) and have rather more mass than positively charged protons.

So we can conclude that Unlike protons and neutrons, which are detected inside the nucleus at the center of the atom, electrons are initiated outside the nucleus.

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Molar concentration of the FeCl2 solution is calculated as 3.947 M.

Molar concentration of the solution is defined as number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Given, mass of FeCl2 = 225 g and molar mass of FeCl2 = 126.75 g/mol

So, moles of FeCl2 = mass of FeCl2 / molar mass of FeCl2

= 225 g / 126.75 g/mol

= 1.776 moles

Given, volume of the solution is 450 mL, or 0.45 L,

the molar concentration can be calculated by:

molar concentration = moles of FeCl2 / volume of solution

= 1.776 moles / 0.45 L

= 3.947 M

So the molar concentration of the FeCl2 solution is 3.947 M.

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Answer:

1.777

Explanation:

To determine the number of moles of FeCl2 in the solution, we need to first convert the given mass of FeCl2 to moles using its molar mass.

Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass

Mass of FeCl2 = 225 g

Molar mass of FeCl2 = 126.75 g/mol

Number of moles of FeCl2 = 225 g / 126.75 g/mol = 1.777 moles

Therefore, the solution contains 1.777 moles of FeCl2.

The mass of carbon that has the same number of atoms as 195.4 grams of calcium is 68.6 grams. The final answer should be reported as 68.6, with three significant figures.

The mass of carbon that has the same number of atoms as 195.4 grams of calcium is 68.6 grams. This is because the atomic mass of calcium is 40.08 and the atomic mass of carbon is 12.011. The number of atoms in 195.4 grams of calcium is 4.87 x 10^24, and the number of atoms in 68.6 grams of carbon is also 4.87 x 10^24. The final answer should be reported as 68.6, with three significant figures. This is because the atomic mass of calcium and carbon are given to three significant figures, so the final answer should also be reported to three significant figures.

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To create photochemical smog, in addition to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is required. The combination of these two groups of pollutants can lead to the formation of ground-level ozone and other harmful secondary pollutants.

In addition to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is required to create photochemical smog. NOx is a term used to describe the family of nitrogen oxides, which include nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), both of which are produced mainly from vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and combustion of fossil fuels.

When VOCs and NOx are emitted into the atmosphere and are exposed to sunlight, a series of complex photochemical reactions occur. This can result in the formation of ground-level ozone, a key component of photochemical smog, as well as other harmful secondary pollutants such as peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and aldehydes.

Therefore, to create photochemical smog, the presence of both VOCs and NOx is necessary.

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NOx is the chemical compound that leads to the formation of photochemical smog in the troposphere when it reacts with other compounds in the presence of sunlight.

As nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) combine with sunlight, a mixture of pollutants called photochemical smog is produced, which explains why there is a brown cloud above cities. Due to the fact that we receive the most sunshine in the summer, it tends to happen more frequently. The three main components of photochemical smog are sunlight, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. While nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons can also arise from natural processes and fossil fuel-burning generating plants, gasoline-powered automobiles are the primary source of these pollutants.

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The mass of the fourth isotope is approximately 100.9866 amu.

Let x be the mass of the fourth isotope.

Since the average atomic mass is determined to be 69.3680

amu, we can set up an equation using the given information to solve for x, the mass of the fourth isotope:

(0.2436)(69.321 amu) + (0.3356)(69.3863 amu) + (0.1022)(69.8741 amu) + (x)(0.2186) = 69.3680 amu

Simplifying and solving for x, we get:

16.8670336 amu + 23.27195028 amu + 7.13326402 amu + 0.2186x = 69.3680 amu

47.2722479 amu + 0.2186x = 69.3680 amu

0.2186x = 22.0957521 amu

x = 100.9866 amu

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False. As you go from left to right across the periodic table, the number of protons and electrons in the atoms increases, but the atomic radius decreases.

This is due to the increasing nuclear charge (number of protons in the nucleus) that attracts the electrons more strongly, pulling them closer to the nucleus and reducing the size of the atom. This effect is only partially offset by the addition of more electrons in higher energy levels, as these are further away from the nucleus and have less influence on the overall size of the atom. Protons and electrons are subatomic particles that make up atoms. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in shells or energy levels.

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The molecular weight of the sample of unknown gas that occupies 6.7L at 2 atm and has a temperature of 182.5K is 38.02g/mol.

The molecular weight or mass of a substance can be calculated from the number of moles in the substance. However, the number of moles of the substance can be calculated using Avogadro's equation as follows:

PV = nRT

Where;

2 × 6.7 = n × 0.0821 × 182.5

13.4 = 14.98n

n = 0.894 moles

molecular weight = 34g ÷ 0.894mol = 38.02g/mol

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510.17 centimetres cube is the volume of iron has a density of 7.86 gram per centimetres cube ( 1 centimetre cube = 1ml) and has a mass of 4.01 kg.

Density is the amount of mass of a substance present per volume of the cubic centimetre and it is the ratio of mass of a substance to the volume of the substance with a unit centimetre cube.

The iron has a density of 7.86 gram per centimetres cube and mass of 4.01 kg so,

mass in grams= [tex]\frac{4.01}{1000} = 0.0041g.\\Density= \frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]

Substituting the values in the equation, we get:-

volume= [tex]\frac{0.0041}{7.86} = 510.17 cm^{3} .[/tex]

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A chemical equation is a statement using chemical formulas that express both the identities and the relative amounts of the reactants and products involved in a chemical or physical change.

The relative amounts of reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation are described by a reaction's stoichiometry.

Chemical equations are statements that use symbols and formulae to explain a chemical reaction. For instance, when hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution combine, salt and water are produced along with a significant amount of heat.

Raw materials called reactants interact with one another to create products. Under the proper circumstances, such as temperature, time, or pressure, the chemical bonds of the reactants are broken, and the atoms create new bonds that lead to various combinations.

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It will take 50 months to save enough money to buy the car. Always remember that the actual time may be longer if other factors such as taxes, fees, interest rates, and etc. are considered.

The time it takes to save enough money to buy a car can be determined by the cost of the car and the amount that saved each month for the car . If you the cost of car that you decided to buy , you can divide it by the amount saved each month to calculate the number of months required to save enough money.

For example, if a car costs $10,000 and you decide to save $200 per month, you would need to save for:

time = cost ÷ savings per month

time = $10,000 ÷ $200 per month

time = 50 months

As a result, it will take 50 months to save enough money to buy the car. However, always remember that the actual time may be longer if other factors such as taxes, fees, interest rates, and etc. are considered.

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Yes, a polymer is created when two or more monomers come together through the chemical process known as polymerization.

Polymers, which are big molecules made up of repeated subunits, are constructed from monomers. These smaller molecules, known as monomers, can join together to produce larger molecules by covalent bonding. Polymerization is the process of joining monomers to create polymers, and it can be triggered by a number of different chemical processes. Numerous natural and manufactured compounds, such as plastics, proteins, DNA, and carbohydrates, depend on monomers for their synthesis. Monomer selection is crucial in the design and synthesis of materials because the characteristics of the monomers that go into a polymer can have a significant impact on the qualities of the finished product.

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What is the process by which a polymer is formed, and what are the starting materials for this process?

The chemist should observe the formation of solid copper metal, a change in color of the solution, and the disappearance of the aluminium foil through this unbalanced equation.

The balanced equation for the reaction between copper (II) chloride and aluminum is:

3CuCl2 + 2Al → 2AlCl3 + 3Cu

In this reaction, aluminum replaces copper in the copper chloride solution to form aluminium chloride and copper metal.

The likely observations when the reaction stops are:

1. The solution may change color, indicating that a chemical reaction has occurred. Copper (II) chloride is blue, while aluminum chloride is colorless.

2. Solid copper metal may form and settle at the bottom of the container, indicating that a precipitation reaction has occurred.

3. The aluminum foil may appear to have dissolved or disintegrated, as it has been consumed in the reaction.

4. The reaction mixture may become warmer due to the exothermic nature of the reaction.

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Answer:

The balanced equation for the reaction is:

Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2

Since the student starts with 9.68 grams of each reactant, we have 9.68 grams of Zn and 9.68 grams of HCl.

From the balanced equation, we know that 2 moles of HCl are needed to produce 1 mole of H2. Thus, if we have 9.68 grams of HCl, we have:

9.68 g / (36.5 g/mol) = 0.265 moles of HCl

Therefore, we can calculate the number of moles of H2 that would be produced:

0.265 moles H2 = 0.265 moles HCl x (1 mole H2 / 2 moles HCl) = 0.132 moles of H2

Next, we can convert the number of moles of H2 to mass:

0.132 moles H2 x (2.02 g/mol) = 0.267 g of H2

Therefore, 9.68 grams of each reactant would produce approximately 0.267 g of H2.

So the answer is 0.267 g of H2.

A piston confines 0.200 mol Ne(g) in 1.20 l at 25 °C . Two experiments are performed. The process does more work is the second experiment.

(a) The gas is allowed to expand through the additional 1.20 L against the  constant pressure of the 1.00atm

Irreversible path is as :

W = -Pex × ΔV

Where

Pex = 1.00 atm

ΔV = 1.20 L

W = - (1.00 atm) × 1.20 L

W = -1.20 L. atm  × 101.325 J /1 L.atm

W = -121.59 J

(b)  The gas is allowed to expand the reversibly and the  isothermally to the same final volume is as :

W = - nRT ln (V final / V initial)

Where

n = the number of moles = 0.200

R = gas constant = 8.3145 J/K.mol

T = 298 Kelvin

V final / V initial  = 2.40 / 1.20 = 2

W = - (0.200mol) × 8.3145 J/K.mol × 298K × ln(2.4/1.2)

W = - 343.5 J

Thus the second one does the more work.

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the answer for the scientific notation is[tex]D. 2.4 x 10¹².[/tex]

Scientific notation is a way of writing numbers that is commonly used in science and mathematics to represent very large or very small numbers in a compact and convenient format. The notation expresses a number as a coefficient multiplied by a power of 10. The coefficient is a number between 1 and 10, and the power of 10 represents the number of zeros to the right (for positive powers) or left (for negative powers) of the decimal point.

To perform the multiplication [tex](6.0 × 10^5) × (4.0 × 10^6)[/tex], we can simply multiply the coefficients and add the exponents of 10:

[tex](6.0 × 10^5) × (4.0 × 10^6) = 24.0 × 10^(5+6) = 24.0 × 10^11[/tex]

To express the answer in correct scientific notation, we need to make sure the coefficient is a number between 1 and 10. We can do this by dividing the coefficient by 10 and adding 1 to the exponent of 10:

[tex]24.0 × 10^11 = 2.4 × 10^(11+1) = 2.4 × 10^12[/tex]

Therefore, the answer is[tex]D. 2.4 x 10¹²[/tex]

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The minimum personal protective equipment (ppe) are glasses, gloves and protective coat

Personal Protective Equipment that is appropriate when working with laboratory. Gloves and lab coats are the simplest and most reliable types of safety equipment when there is a good chance that a splash will occur.

Labs do not allow open-toe footwear or sandals. Lab coats, aprons, or protective suits should be worn even if there is just a slight possibility of coming into contact with a very dangerous substance.

Use of specialist protective clothing is necessary to avoid skin contamination during exposures to strong acids.

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The minimum personal protective equipment (PPE) needed in a chemistry laboratory includes safety goggles, lab coat, gloves, and closed-toed shoes.

PPE refers to all the equipment that someone can use to reduce workplace hazards to worker health and safety. In the chemistry laboratory it is very important to use personal protective equipment because people will be handling different substances and implements that may represent a danger to the safety of the people on site.

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The pH values after the given volumes of acid have been added are: a) 12.18, b) 12.39, c) 11.78, d) 11.25, and e) 10.79.

To solve the problem, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between KOH and HClO4:

KOH + HClO4 -> KClO4 + H2O

At the start of the titration, before any HClO4 has been added, we have a solution of KOH with a concentration of 0.150 M. We can use this concentration to calculate the initial concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution:

[OH-] = 0.150 M

a) Before any HClO4 has been added, the volume of the solution is 20.0 mL. At this point, no HClO4 has reacted with the KOH, so the concentration of OH- ions is still 0.150 M. To calculate the pH, we can use the formula for the dissociation constant of water:

Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14

pH = -log[H+]

[H+] = Kw/[OH-] = 6.67 x 10^-13 M

pH = -log(6.67 x 10^-13) = 12.18

b) After 1.5 mL of HClO4 has been added, the volume of the solution is 21.5 mL. The moles of HClO4 added is:

0.125 mol/L x 0.0015 L = 1.875 x 10^-5 mol

The moles of KOH initially in the solution is:

0.150 mol/L x 0.020 L = 0.003 mol

Thus, the moles of KOH remaining after reaction with HClO4 is:

0.003 mol - 1.875 x 10^-5 mol = 0.00298125 mol

The total volume of the solution is 21.5 mL, so the new concentration of KOH is:

0.00298125 mol / 0.0215 L = 0.1387 M

Using this concentration, we can calculate the concentration of OH- ions:[OH-] = 0.1387 M

Using the same formula for Kw and pH as before, we find that:

[H+] = 4.06 x 10^-13 M

pH = -log(4.06 x 10^-13) = 12.39

c) Repeating the above process for a volume of 24.0 mL gives:

[H+] = 1.64 x 10^-12 M

pH = -log(1.64 x 10^-12) = 11.78

d) For a volume of 26.5 mL:

[H+] = 5.67 x 10^-12 M

pH = -log(5.67 x 10^-12) = 11.25

e) For a volume of 29.0 mL:

[H+] = 1.63 x 10^-11 M

pH = -log(1.63 x 10^-11) = 10.79

Therefore, the pH values after the given volumes of acid have been added are: a) 12.18, b) 12.39, c) 11.78, d) 11.25, and e) 10.79.

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Properties  of  Iron Rusting is Chemical;Gasoline Burning is Chemical;Solid Sulfur is Physical ;Shattering is Physical ;Lye Feeling Slippery is Physical.

Iron Rusting: Chemical - Iron rusting is a chemical reaction between iron, oxygen and water which results in the formation of hydrated iron oxide (Fe2O3).

Gasoline Burning: Chemical - Gasoline burning is a combustion reaction between gasoline and oxygen which results in the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

Solid Sulfur: Physical - Solid sulfur is a physical property because it is a solid at room temperature and pressure.

Shattering: Physical - Shattering is a physical properties because it is a change in the physical structure of an object.

Lye Feeling Slippery: Physical - Lye feeling slippery is a physical property because it is a tactile sensation caused by the physical properties of lye.

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Complete question:Each of the following properties as being physical as being physical or chemical

iron rusting; gasoline burning ;solid sulfur ;shaltering and lye feeling slippery

Taking into account definition of limiting reagent, H₂O will be the limiting reagent, 0.275 moles of H₂S can be produced if 0.99 mol of aluminum sulfide and 0.55 mol of water react and 0.898 moles of the excess reagent remains after the reaction is complete.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

Al₂S₃ + 6 H₂O → 2 Al(OH)₃ + 3 H₂S

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The limiting reagent will be the one that is used up first in the reaction while the excess reagent will be the one that is not completely used up during the reaction.

The amount of product obtained from the reaction will always depend on the amount of limiting reagent in the reaction.

To determine the limiting reagent, it is possible to use a simple rule of three as follows: if by stoichiometry 1 mole of Al₂S₃ reacts with 6 moles of H₂O, 0.99 mole of Al₂S₃ reacts with how many moles of H₂O?

moles of H₂O= (0.99 mole of Al₂S₃× 6 moles of H₂O)÷ 1 mole of Al₂S₃

moles of H₂O= 5.94 moles

But 5.94 moles of H₂O are not available, 0.55 moles are available. Since you have less moles than you need to react with 0.99 mole of Al₂S₃, H₂O will be the limiting reagent.

To calculate the amount of excess reagent that remains after the reaction is complete, you can use a simple rule of three as follows: if by stoichiometry 6 moles of H₂O reacts with 1 mole of Al₂S₃, 0.55 moles of H₂O reacts with how many moles of Al₂S₃?

moles of Al₂S₃= (1 mole of Al₂S₃× 0.55 moles of H₂O)÷ 6 moles of H₂O

moles of Al₂S₃= 0.092 moles

If 0.99 moles of Al₂S₃ are avilable, the excess moles can be calculated as:

excess moles of Al₂S₃= 0.99 moles - 0.092 moles

excess moles of Al₂S₃= 0.898 moles

0.898 moles of the excess reagent remains after the reaction is complete.

Considering the limiting reagent, the following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 6 moles of H₂O form 3 moles of H₂S, 0.55 moles of H₂O form how many moles of H₂S?

moles of H₂S= (0.55 moles of H₂O×3 moles of H₂S)÷6 moles of H₂O

moles of H₂S= 0.275 moles

Finally, 0.275 moles of H₂S can be produced.

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The law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas at constant temperature and pressure is known as Avogadro's Law.

Avogadro's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas at constant temperature and pressure. This law was first proposed by Amedeo Avogadro, an Italian scientist, in 1811. According to this law, if the amount of gas in a container is increased while the temperature and pressure remain constant, the volume of the gas will also increase in proportion to the number of moles of gas present. Conversely, if the amount of gas is decreased, the volume will also decrease proportionally. Avogadro's Law is based on the fact that the number of gas molecules in a given volume of gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present. This law is an important concept in the study of gases and is used in many areas of science, including chemistry, physics, and engineering. It is also essential in the development of the ideal gas law, which describes the behavior of gases under various conditions.

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Answer:

The formula for nitrogen fluoride is NF3.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

One nitrogen atom and three fluorine atoms make up this poisonous and extremely reactive chemical. It is used to make fertilisers, refrigerants, and semiconductors.

By taking a sum of the oxidation numbers and equating it to zero, the oxidation number of the unknown element can be determined.

We know that the oxidation state of an unknown element can be found in a compound can be determined when we know that the sum of all the oxidation numbers of the elements in the compound is zero.

If we know the oxidation number of the other elements in the compound then we can call the unknown oxidation number x. By taking a sum of the oxidation numbers and equating it to zero, the oxidation number of the unknown element can be determined.

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The partial pressure of each noble gases is  P(He) = 0.5420 atm, P(Ne) = 0.2932 atm and P(Kr) = 0.1648 atm.

The pressure that's wielded by one among the admixture of feasts if it occupies the same volume on its own is known as Partial pressure. Every gas exerts certain pressure in a admixture. The total pressure of a a mixture of an ideal gas is the sum of partial pressures of individual feasts in the admixture,

Dalton's Law of partial pressure,

Ptotal = P(He) + P(Ne) + P(Kr)

P(He) = X(He)*Ptotal,

P(Ne) = X(Ne)*Ptotal,

P(Kr) = X(Kr)*Ptotal

X(He)= n(He)/ntotal,

X(Ne)= n(Ne)/ntotal ,

X(Kr)= n(Kr)/ntotal

ntotal = n(He) + n(Ne) + n(Kr)

so by calculating,

n= m/M

n(He) = 5.50 g/ 4.003 g/mole = 1.374 mol

n(Ne) = 15.0 g / 20.18g/mole = 0.7433 mol

n(Kr) = 35.0 g/83.80 g/mole = 0.4177 mol

ntotal = 1.374 mol + 0.7433 mol + 0.4177 mol = 2.535 mol

P(He) = X(He)*Ptotal = (1.374 mol/2.535mol)(1 atm) = 0.5420 atm

P(Ne) = X(Ne)*Ptotal = (0.7433 mol/ 2.535 mol)(1 atm) = 0.2932 atm

P(Kr) = X(Kr)*Ptotal = (0.4177 mol/2.535 mol)*(1 atm) = 0.1648 atm

Therefore, partial pressure of gases:

P(He) = 0.5420 atm

P(Ne) = 0.2932 atm

P(Kr) = 0.1648 atm

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Complete question:

To prevent the presence of air, noble gases are placed over highly reactive chemicals to act as inert blanketing gases. A chemical engineer places a mixture of noble gases consisting of 5.50g of He, 15.0g of Ne and 35.0g Kr in a piston cylinder assembly at STP=0 degree Celsius and 1atm. RAM: He 4.003g/mole, Ne 20.18g/mole and Kr 83.80g/mole. What is the partial pressure for each noble gas?

The predicated cation anion distance for LiF, NaCL, KBr, RbI is 2.09Å, 2.83 Å, 3.34 Å, 3.72 Å respectively. The difference between the experimentally measured ion–ion distances and the ones predicted are 0.08 Å, 0.01 Å, 0.04 Å, 0.05 Å

The cation anion distance using the values of iconic radii are as follows:

i) LiF

the ionic radii of cation, Li⁺ = 0.90 Å

the ionic radii of anion, F⁻ = 1.19 Å

the predicated cation anion distance = 0.90Å + 1.19Å = 2.09Å,

ii) NaCl

the ionic radii of cation, Na⁺ = 1.16 Å

the ionic radii of anion, Cl⁻ = 1.67Å

the predicated cation anion distance = 1.16 Å + 1.67 Å = 2.83 Å,

iii) KBr

the ionic radii of cation, K⁺ = 1.52 Å

the ionic radii of anion, Br⁻ = 1.82 Å

the predicated cation anion distance = 1.52 Å + 1.82 Å = 3.34 Å,

iv) RbI

the ionic radii of cation, Rb⁺ = 1.66 Å

the ionic radii of anion, I⁻ = 2.06 Å

the predicated cation anion distance = 1.66 Å + 2.06 Å = 3.72 Å,

i)LiF:

Experimentally measured cation-anion distance = 2.01 Å,

predicted cation anion (LiF) distance = 2.09 Å

the difference = 2.09 Å - 2.01 Å = 0.08 Å

ii)NaCl

Experimentally measured cation-anion distance = 2.82 Å,

predicted cation anion (NaCL) distance = 2.83 Å

the difference = 2.83 Å - 2.82 Å = 0.01 Å

iii)KBr

Experimentally measured cation-anion distance = 3.30 Å,

predicted cation anion (KBr) distance = 3.34 Å

the difference = 3.34 Å - 3.30 Å = 0.04 Å

iv) RbI

Experimentally measured cation-anion distance = 3.67 Å,

predicted cation anion (RbI) distance = 3.72 Å

the difference = 3.72 Å - 3.67 Å = 0.05 Å

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The average rate of the reaction during the time interval of 0.530 m to 0.512 m is 0.00041 M/s.

The decomposition of HBr takes place according to the reaction below,

2HBr(g) = H2(g)+ Br2(g)

a) Rate of reaction is the measure of the change in concentration of the reactants or the change in concentration of the product per unit time(seconds).

Therefore;

Rate = -1/2(Δ(HBr)/Δt = Δ(H₂)/Δt =Δ(Br₂)/Δt,

where ΔHBr is the change in concentration of HBr (reactant), ΔH₂ is the change in hydrogen concentration , ΔBr₂ is the change in bromine concentration and Δt is the change in time.

b) Average rate of reaction after 22 sec will be,

rate = -1/2Δ(HBr)/Δt

       = -1/2 (0.530 M - 0.512 M)/(22 s-0 s)

       = -1/2 (- 0.018)/22

       = 0.00041 M/s

Therefore,  the average rate of the reaction during this time interval. is 0.00041 M/s.

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Complete question:

Consider the reaction 2 hbr (g) à h2 (g) + br2 (g)

a. express the rate of the reaction in terms of the change in concentration of each of the reactants and products.

b. in the first 22.0 s of this reaction, the concentration of hbr dropped from 0.530 m to 0.512 m . calculate the average rate of the reaction in this time interval.

Answer:

C. Burning a log in a fireplace

Explanation:

Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules and can be converted into another form of energy. This can occur through chemical reactions, such as combustion or decay.

An example of chemical energy being converted into another form is option C: Burning a log in a fireplace. In this example, the chemical energy stored in the wood is released through combustion, producing heat and light. The heat energy is then transferred to the surrounding air and environment, warming it up.

This is different from options A and B, which involve physical changes but not the conversion of chemical energy. Option D, a roller coaster going downhill, is an example of potential energy being converted into kinetic energy, but not of chemical energy being converted.


ALLEN

A typical Grignard reaction is the interaction between acetone and methyl magnesium chloride (MeMgCl). A Grignard reagent (in this example, MeMgCl) is added to the carbonyl group of acetone in this reaction, following which the product is extracted through an aqueous workup.

Here's how the overall response can be communicated: MeMgCl + CH3COCH3 CH3CHOHCH3MgCl In this reaction, the carbonyl carbon of the acetone reacts with the methyl group of the MeMgCl reagent to generate an intermediate alkoxide. In the presence of aqueous acid, this intermediate is eventually oxidized to generate the final product, 2-propanol (also known as isopropyl alcohol), and magnesium chloride:

CH3CHOHCH3OH + MgCl2 = CH3CHOHCH3MgCl + H2O Hence, 2-propanol and magnesium chloride are the final products of the reaction between acetone and MeMgCl, followed by an aqueous workup.

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The reaction between aqueous calcium chloride and aqueous lead(II) nitrate, which results in the formation of aqueous calcium nitrate and solid lead(II) chloride, has the following balanced net ionic equation: PbCl2(s) + Ca(NO3)2 Pb(NO3)2(aq) + CaCl2(aq) (aq).

A chemical equation known as a balanced net ionic equation only displays the species and ions that are actively participating in a reaction, leaving out any spectator ions. The spectator ions that appear on both the reactant and product sides of the chemical equation are cancelled out to produce the net ionic equation. To highlight the primary chemical process taking place and to make the equation simpler to understand and evaluate, a balanced net ionic equation is used. This can be very helpful when figuring out how a response works and forecasting how it will turn out.

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