What is the energy of an electron?.

(2R,3S), 2,3-dibromobutane (2R,3R), 2,3-dibromobutane Superposition of mirror images is not feasible yet stereoisomers can arise.

A superimposable mirror image can be created using (2R,4S)-2,4Dibromopentane.

Non-superimposable mirror-image versions of the 2,4 dibromopentane ring (2R,4R).

Stereoisomerism, also known as spatial isomerism, is a type of isomerism used in stereochemistry in which molecules with identical chemical structures and order of linked atoms (constitution) change in the three-dimensional spatial orientations of their atoms. In contrast, structural isomers have the same chemical formula but have different bond arrangements or bond orders. Stereoisomers of one another's molecules, by definition, represent the same structural isomer.

A stereoisomer of a reference molecule that has the opposite configuration at a stereocenter is known as a configurational stereoisomer (e.g., R- vs S- or E- vs Z-). This indicates that only disrupting covalent bonds to the stereocenter, for as by inverting the configurations of some or all of the stereocenters in a compound, will allow configurational isomers to be interconverted.

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The inside of a cell, what is meant when the surrounding solution is is called hypertonic solution.

What is hypertonic solution?

When a cell is immersed in a hypertonic solution, there is a net flow of water out of the cell, resulting in volume loss. A solution is hypertonic to a cell if its solute concentration exceeds that of the cell, and the solutes are unable to penetrate the membrane.

A hypertonic solution is a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes on the exterior of a cell than on the inside of a cell.

A hypertonic solution has a higher osmotic pressure than another solution. In other terms, a hypertonic solution has a higher concentration or quantity of solute particles outside a membrane than inside it.

The traditional example used to describe tonicity is red blood cells. When the concentration of salts (ions) inside the blood cell is the same as the concentration outside, the solution is isotonic with respect to the cells, and they resume their usual form and size.

If there are less solutes outside the cell than inside it, as if red blood cells were placed in fresh water, the solution (water) is hypotonic in comparison to the interior of the red blood cells. As water rushes into the cell to try to equalise the concentrations of the interior and outer solutions, the cells enlarge and may explode.

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The titration curve reveals the pKa of a weak acid Here, as an example, we have selected acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) as the weak acid and it is titrated against a strong base NaOH.

Explain titration curve.

Titrations are frequently documented on graphs known as titration curves, where the volume of the titrant is typically the independent variable and the pH of the solution is the dependent variable (because it changes depending on the composition of the two solutions).

The graph's equivalence point is where the titrant has completely neutralised the initial solution, which is often an acid (usually a base). It can be calculated precisely by calculating the points of inflection (where the graph changes concavity) and the second derivative of the titration curve, but in most cases, a straightforward visual inspection of the curve will do. In the right-facing curve,

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The concentration of the resulting solution is  0.025 M.

Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, especially a solute, in solution and is expressed as the amount of substance per unit volume of solution. The most commonly used unit of molarity in chemistry is moles per liter in SI units using the unit symbols mol/L or mol/dm³.

For the given case,

Concentration of NaOH (M₁) = 1 M

Volume of NaOH (V₁) = 50 ml or 0.05 L

Concentration of solution (M₂) = ?

Volume of solution (V₂) = 2 L

Since, M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

1 × 0.05 = M₂ × 2

M₂ = 0.025 M

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Both react with hydrogen gas in presence of palladium gives a cyclic compound with a molecular formula of C6H12.

Cyclic compound is also referred to as ring compound or structure, in the field of chemistry where two or more atoms of a compound are attached together to form a ring. The ring may vary in size according to the number of atoms present and how branched the compound is.

         Some of the examples of ring structure is the benzene ring, phenol and etc.  Cyclic compounds show various combinations of stereochemical features, including conformations, stereocenters, chirality, enantiomers, diastereomeric, and another form of cis/trans stereoisomerism.

       In the given condition C6H8 reacts with hydrogen gas in presence of palladium and gives rise to a cyclic compound with a formula C6H12.

Complete question: -

provide a possible structure for a compound with formula C6H8, given that it reacts with excess H2/Pt to give C6H12. what is (are) the product(s) in the hydrogenation of your substance? draw the structure(s) for the product(s) as well (including the stereochemistry).

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The following is the product of the given reaction and the balanced form: 2FePO4 + 3Cu(OH)2 = Cu3(PO4)2 + 2Fe(OH)3 (option C).

How can a chemical reaction be balanced?

A chemical reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to produce products.To balance the reaction, the number of moles of each element on both sides of the equation must be equal. The following reaction is given in response to this question: Cu3(PO4)2 + Fe(OH)3?

Cu3(PO4)2 + 2Fe(OH)3 2FePO4 + 3Cu(OH)2 is the product of the given reaction and the balanced form.

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The empirical formula of the oxide is Cu₂O

We'll begin obtaining the mass of the oxide, copper and oxygen. This is shown below:

Mass of oxide = (Mass of container + copper oxide) - (Mass of container

Mass of oxide = 26.97 - 25.61

Mass of oxide = 1.36 g

Mass of copper = (Mass of container + copper) - (Mass of container)

Mass of copper = 26.82 - 25.61

Mass of copper = 1.21 g

Mass of oxygen = (Mass of oxide) - (Mass of copper)

Mass of oxygen = 1.36 - 1.21

Mass of oxygen = 0.15 g

Finally, we shall determine the empirical formula of the oxide. Details below

Divide by their molar mass

Cu = 1.21 / 63.55 = 0.0190

O = 0.15 / 16 = 0.009375

Divide by the smallest

Cu = 0.0190 / 0.009375 = 2

O = 0.009375 / 0.009375 = 1

Thus, the empirical formula of the oxide is Cu₂O

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Complete question:

An oxide of copper was reduced to form copper metal by reaction with hydrogen. Use the data in the table to find the empirical formula of this oxide of copper.

Table reads as follows:

Container – 25.61g

Container + copper oxide (before reaction) – 26.97g,

Container + copper (after reaction) – 26.82g.

The second law of thermodynamics explain the diffusion of substances is that trend of randomization. Diffusion of particles of solute from higher concentration to lower concentration lead to increase in entropy.

The second law of thermodynamics explain the trend of randomization or an increasing in entropy. if the concentration of substances on both sides are same then the distribution is  random is more than  the concentration is unequal. Diffusion of as substance from higher to lower leads to increase in entropy ,. when the concentration decreases entropy increases.

Thus, The second law of thermodynamics explain the diffusion of substances is that trend of randomization. Diffusion of particles of solute from higher concentration to lower concentration lead to increase in entropy.

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Partial pressure of O₂ = 0.045 atm

Partial pressure of He = 0.396 atm

According to the definition of partial pressure, each gas that is present in a container full of gases presses against the other gases. Its partial pressure refers to any gas's pressure inside the container.

Mass of O₂ = 40.0 g

Mass of He = 40.0 g

Total pressure = 0.900 atm

Partial pressure of each gas = ?

We will first determine the number of moles.

Number of moles of O₂:

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 40.0 g/ 32 g/mol

Number of moles = 1.25 mol

Number of moles of He:

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 40.0 g/ 4 g/mol

Number of moles = 10 mol

Total number of moles = 10 mol + 1.25 mol = 12.5 mol

Mole fraction of O₂ = 1.25 mol/ 22.5 mol = 0.05

Mole fraction of He = 10 mol / 22.5 mol = 0.44

Partial pressure:

Partial pressure of O₂ =  0.05× 0.900 atm = 0.045 atm

Partial pressure of He = 0.44 × 0.900 atm = 0.396 atm

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Mass divided by volume equals density (D = m/v). The increased volume is double what the old volume was.

The displacement method can be used to determine the volume of an oddly formed metal. Measure the amount of water in a beaker after filling it halfway. Record the new amount of water after inserting the metal into the liquid. To calculate the volume of the metal, deduct the final volume from the original volume of water.

A material's density reduces as it expands because it takes up more space. All types of matter experience this phenomenon.

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The moment of inertia of a particle is mr²

Moment of inertia is a quantitative measure of the rotational inertia of a body in physics - i.e. The resistance that a body exhibits to changing its rotational speed about its axis by the application of torque (torque). Axes can be internal or external and can be fixed or unfixed.

In general, the moment of inertia of a uniform body is calculated as the product of the square of the distance (r²) from the axis of rotation and its mass. The flywheel is a heavy mass attached to the engine's crankshaft is one example of the moment of inertia

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The work done by the gas to expand is 1.125 Joules.

The work done by the gas in expanding is given by,

W = P(V₂-V₁)

Where,

W is the work done,

P is the pressure,

V₁ is the initial volume,

V₂ is the final volume.

The final volume of the gas is 2.50L and the initial volume is 1 L, while the external pressure is 0.750 atm.

Putting values,

W = 0.750(2.50-1)

W = 1.125 Joules.

The work done by the gas is 1.125 Joules.

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The compound that forms a racemic mixture of an optically active product when it is hydrogenated is 2-butanol.

What is optically active in a racemic mixture?

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Surface tension does not influence whether a substance will be a liquid at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure.

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Answer: CH 2 0

Explanation:

The oxidation state of Ca in CaSO₄ is +2. The charge of the whole group SO₄ is -2. The charge of S is +6 and that of O is -2.

The oxidation state of a species is the numerical charge it possess. Thus, it is the number of electrons the element lost or gained. The total charge of a compound will be zero and every compound tends to exist as neutral.

The total charge of the compound CaSO₄ is zero and that of SO₄ is -2. Hence, to neutralize that Ca lose 2 electrons and form in +2 oxidation state.

The charge of one oxygen is -2. Here we have 4 oxygens and the total charge of all oxygens is -8 in the group SO₄.

Now, the charge of S = (-2) - (-8) = +6. Hence, the oxidation state of sulphur is +6.

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The acceptable range of hardness is (70 - c; 70 c), then the value of c is  5.88.

The normal distribution, sometimes referred to as the Gaussian distribution, is a probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean and demonstrates that data that are close to the mean are more likely to occur than data that are far from the mean.

P(70-c  <  X <  70+c) = 0.95

By using z score formula,

On the normal standard distribution, we can identify two values that add up to 0.95 of the values in the middle. In this instance, the two values are:

[tex]z_{crit}[/tex] = ±1.96{tex} < /p><p>

[tex]z_{crit}[/tex] = {tex}P(-1.96 < Z < 1.96)

[tex]z_{crit}[/tex] = 0.95

we have,

-1.96 = [tex]\frac{(71-c)-71}{3}[/tex]

value of c,

-1.96 × 3 = -c, c = 5.88

1.96 = [tex]\frac{(71+c)-71}{3}[/tex]

value of c,

1.96 × 3 =c,c = 5.88

∴The value of c is 5.88.

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The law of conservation of mass explains clearly to me that a reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid can never produce aluminum oxide as the product formed was not part of the reaction.

The law of conservation of mass or matter state matter is neither created not destroyed but changes from one form to another. Applying this to the task above, when zinc combine with hydrochloric acid, it forms zinc chloride and librate hydrogen gas.

The chemical equation is given below:

Zn (s)+2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(g) H₂O

So therefore, we can confirm that matter can neither be created not destroyed in a chemical reaction.

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Answer:

All Alkali metals form +1 cations

Noble gases do not form ions

Halogens form -1 anions

Alkaline Earth metals form +2 cations

chalcogens forms -2 anions

The amount of water for 2 g of sodium chloride with a concentration of [tex]8g/dm^{3}[/tex] is 250[tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

The mass of the solute in relation to the solution has been defined as concentration. There are many other ways to indicate concentration, including density, molarity, molality, etc.

The specified solution has been concentrated. It has been reported that [tex]8g/dm^{3}[/tex] sample were present in a solution with a volume of 1 cubic decimeter.

Quantity of water

For a solution of 2 grams of sodium chloride, the volume of water was calculated as follows:

8 g = 1 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex]

Therefore, 2g = X

X= 2*1/8

X= 0.25 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex]

For 2 g of solution, 0.25 cubic decimeters of water were used.

In cubic centimeters, the decimeter cube has been assigned the following values:

1 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex] = 1000 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

0.25 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex] = Y

Y= 0.25*1000/1

Y= 250 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

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The pH of the solution is obtained is basic pH, hence the solution is a base and it will change the color of Bromocresol from  yellow to blue. Phenolphthalein is colorless in neutral and acidic solution but it gives basic pink color in basic solution.

pH of a solution is the measure of the H+ ion concentration. Mathematically it is negative logarithm of H+ ion or hydronium ion concentration. It measures how acidic or basic the solution is.

The pH of the solution is obtained as 12.2 and hence the solution is basic since pH above 7 is basic solutions.  Bromocresol blue shows the color change from yellow to blue in the pH range of 3 - 5.4. Hence above a pH of 5.4 it shows blue color.

Phenolphthalein shows a color change from 8 - 9.5 pH range from colorless to pink. Hence, it gives pink color for the given solution.

Let AOH be the solution and when it dissociates in water it gives OH- ions as per the Arrhenius theory. Based on this theory we cannot say that it is monoprotic or diprotic ,however it flourish all the OH- ions to water.

[tex]\rm AOH \rightarrow A^{+} +OH^{-}[/tex]

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If the KHP was not dried before weighing, the calculated NaOH molarity would be higher than the actual value because the apparent mass of KHP includes water.

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a)  H₂ + F₂ → 2HF is the balanced equation.

b) Conversion of hydrogen and fluorine to hydrogen fluoride

c) 3 HF ⇌ H₂F + + HF⁻².

d) ΣΔH°f(reactants) > ΣΔH°f(products), so H₂ + F₂ → HF is exothermic.

a)  H₂ + F₂ → 2HF is the balanced equation.

b) Conversion of hydrogen and fluorine to hydrogen fluoride

c) 3 HF ⇌ H₂F + + HF⁻².

d) ΣΔH°f(reactants) > ΣΔH°f(products), so H₂ + F₂ → HF is exothermic.

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The solution having PH less than 7 is slightly acidic, PH equals to 7 is considered to be neutral and the one more than 7 is basic.

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Ionic formula for :

1) strontium chloride : it is an ionic compound .

formula : SrCl₂

2) cesium selenide :

formula : Cs₂Se

3) calcium astatine:

ionic formula : CaAt₂

4) radium polonide :

formula : RaPo

5) gallium fluoride :

ionic formula : GaF₃

6) scandium(III) bromide :

formula : ScBr₃

7) chromium(III) oxide :

formula : Cr₂O₃

8) strontium iodide:

formula : SrI₂

9) lithium arsenide :

formula : Li₃As

10) Aluminum nitrate :

formula : Al(NO₃)₃

Thus, the ionic formula for the following compounds are , Ionic formula for :

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Option D. The result of a chemical change is a different chemical composition, In a physical change the chemical composition remain the same.

A chemical change happens when one chemical substance is transformed into one or more special materials, which includes when iron will become rust. Chemical changes occur thru the system of chemical reactions, and the resulting materials have extraordinary houses because their atoms and molecules are arranged in a different ways.

Physical changes are adjustments affecting the shape of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. physical modifications are used to split combos into their factor compounds, however, can not generally be used to separate compounds into chemical factors or less difficult compounds

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The answer is the result of a chemical change is different chemical composition, in physical change the chemical composition remains the same.

Physical change is a temporary change. A chemical change is a permanent change. A physical change impacts simplest bodily residences i.e. shape, size, etc. Chemical change each physical and chemical residences of the substance including its composition. A bodily change entails very little to no absorption of electricity.

A chemical change is a trade of materials into another, new materials with distinctive properties and one or a couple of new materials are fashioned. It outcomes when a substance combines with another to form a new substance.

Changes in the length or shape of count are examples of physical change. Physical changes include transitions from one nation to every other, consisting of from strong to liquid or liquid to gasoline. Cutting, bending, dissolving, freezing, boiling, and melting are a number of the tactics that create physical adjustments.

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The root mean square speed of Cl₂ molecule is 11.34 cm/sec.

Solution

We need to calculate the root mean square speed of Cl₂ molecule.

Average kinetic energy = RT

where,

R = Molar gas constant

T = absolute temperature in Kelvin.

Given,

Average kinetic energy = 4570 J/mol

R= 8.314 J/mol/K

So, T = (4570 × 2)/(3 × 8.314)

⇒ T = 366.45 K

Root mean square velocity = √(3RT/M)

For, Cl₂ molecule,

M = 71 g/mol

T = 366.45 K (as condition is same as previous)

Therefore, Root mean square velocity = 11.34 cm/sec

Hence, Root mean square velocity = 11.34 cm/sec.

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The indication written identify the new substance is formed in a chemical reaction.

A chemical reaction happens when substances break down or combine to form a one or more new substances. the substance take part in a chemical reaction initially called as reactants and the substance forms at the end of the chemical reaction is called as products.

The sign or indications of new substance is formed are:

The phase change is not consider as the chemical change.

Thus, The indication written identify the new substance is formed in a chemical reaction.

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Carboxylic acid is that compound.

What is Carboxylic acid?

Carboxylic acids are the most important functional group in C=O. This type of organic chemical can be formed through several processes; for example, some carboxylic acids, such as citric acid, lactic acid, or fumaric acid, are produced through fermentation; the majority of these carboxylic acids are used in the food sector.

A carboxylic acid has the generic formula R-COOH, where COOH refers to the carboxyl group and R refers to the rest of the molecule to which this group is linked. There is a carbon in this carboxyl group that has a double connection with an oxygen atom and a single bond with a hydroxyl group.

When combined with metal carbonates, carboxylic acid produces salt. For example, when acetic acid reacts with sodium carbonate, the results are sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and water. The salt generated will be the same as that formed when acetic acid reacts with a simple metal.

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Addition of  boiled, deionized water to the titrating flask to wash the wall of the erlenmeyer flask and the buret tip will have no effect on the Ksp value of ca(oh)2.

There will be no effect on the Ksp value as boiled deionised water is not able to alter the number of hydronium and hydroxide ions. As no change in the ions happen so there will be no change in Ksp value. The equilibrium constant for a solid material dissolving in an aqueous solution is the solubility product constant, Ksp. It stands for the degree of solute dissolution in solution. A substance's Ksp value increases with how soluble it is.

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