The goal of cellular respiration is to provide the cell with energy in the form of ATP. The final phase of cellular respiration which results in the production of ATP is: Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Thus Second Option is the answer.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert the energy stored in food molecules into a form that the cell can use, called ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). The goal of cellular respiration is to provide the cell with energy in the form of ATP.
The process of cellular respiration is divided into four phases: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. During glycolysis, one glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules and produces a small amount of ATP.
In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate molecules are converted into acetyl-CoA and CO2. The electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation are the final stages of cellular respiration, where the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to produce ATP through a process called chemiosmosis. This process is responsible for the majority of the ATP produced by the cell.
In summary, the final phase of cellular respiration which results in the production of ATP is: Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. The energy produced during cellular respiration is used by the cell for various functions like active transport, protein synthesis, and movement.
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Facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein.true or false
True. Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of molecules or ions across a membrane using a carrier protein.
The carrier protein acts as a bridge between the molecule or ion and the membrane, allowing it to move more quickly and easily across the membrane. As such, facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein.
Transporter proteins can move a wide variety of molecules, such as sugars, amino acids, nucleic acids, ions and many other compounds across the membrane. This allows organisms to obtain essential nutrients and compounds, as well as to remove toxic substances from the body.
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jim is lifting weights. holding a 20lb weight down by his side, he bends his arm at the elbow, contracting his bicep, and holds the position until he reaches muscle fatigue. according to the henneman size principle in what order will his muscle fibers be recruited?
According to Henneman's size principle, Jim's muscle (when He lifting weights, holding a 20lb weight down by his side, he bends his arm at the elbow, contracting his bicep, and holds the position until he reaches muscle fatigue) recruited in order of size when under load. This means that slower, lower force, more fatigue-resistant muscle fibers are recruited before faster, higher force, less fatigue-resistant muscle fibers.
The foundation for size-ordered activation or recruitment of motor units during movement is Henneman's size principle, which links the input and output characteristics of motoneurons and their muscle fibers to size. Regardless of whether the muscles are self- or cross-reinnervated by the regenerated axons, after nerve injury and surgical repair, the link between motoneuron size and the number and size of the muscle fibers that the motoneuron reinnervates is initially lost but returns over time.
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A friend says that this experimental design would be better if the researchers had injected the control group trees with a solution that was identical to that used in the experimental group, but without the fungus. Do you agree
Yes, I agree that it would be beneficial to inject the control group trees with a solution that is identical to that used in the experimental group, but without the fungus.
This would allow the researchers to compare the effects of the fungus on the experimental group to the effects of the solution itself on the control group, which would provide more accurate results.
This type of experimental design is essential for gaining a better understanding of the effects of the fungus on the trees. By having a control group that is injected with an identical solution to the experimental group, but without the fungus, the researchers can more accurately assess what impact the fungus itself is having. This would allow them to draw more reliable conclusions about the effects of the fungus on the trees.
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The following are characteristics of plant cells but not animal cells excepta. the absence of mitochondriab. chloroplasts.Press enter after select an option to check the answerc. cellulose cell walls.Press enter after select an option to check the answerd. a central vacuole.
The following are characteristics of plant cells but not animal cells except
the absence of mitochondria.Plant and animal cells are structurally extremely similar since they are both eukaryotic cells. The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes are all membrane-bound organelles in both. Both have membranes, cytosol, and cytoskeleton in common.
Plant cells have set, rectangular forms, but animal cells are generally spherical and irregular. Because plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic, they share key characteristics, including the existence of a cell membrane and cell organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.
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explain how the calcium transient differs between cardiac and skeletal muscle and how this influences contractility
The calcium transient is a process that occurs in both cardiac and skeletal muscle, but it differs in some key ways.
In cardiac muscle, the calcium transient is triggered by the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which is a specialized organelle that stores calcium ions. This release of calcium ions causes a brief increase in the concentration of calcium ions in the cytoplasm, which in turn triggers muscle contraction.In skeletal muscle, the calcium transient is triggered by the release of calcium ions from the SR, but it is also dependent on the release of calcium ions from the extracellular space. The release of calcium ions from the SR is triggered by the action potential that travels along the muscle fiber, while the release of calcium ions from the extracellular space is triggered by the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to the muscle cell membrane.What are the difference in both?The difference in the calcium transient between cardiac and skeletal muscle influences contractility, or the ability of the muscle to contract.
Cardiac muscle contractility is largely dependent on the amount of calcium ions released from the SR, while skeletal muscle contractility is dependent on both the amount of calcium ions released from the SR and the amount of calcium ions released from the extracellular space.
Additionally, cardiac muscle has a slower rate of relaxation, which allows for a more sustained contraction. Skeletal muscle has a faster rate of relaxation, which allows for a more rapid contraction and relaxation cycle.
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if the nucleotide or base sequence of the dna strand used as a template for messenger rna synthesis is acgtt, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mrna? if the nucleotide or base sequence of the dna strand used as a template for messenger rna synthesis is acgtt, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mrna? guacc tgcaa acgtt ugcaa
If the template strand of DNA has the base sequence as ACGTT, then the sequence observed in corresponding m-RNA will be: UGCAA.
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the most abundant form of genetic material present in majority of the living organisms. The structure of DNA is a double stranded helical form where the strands are joined together due to hydrogen bonding between the bases.
m-RNA stands for messenger RNA. It is the form of RNA that contains the genetic information from the DNA, which is required for the synthesis of protein. The strand of m-RNA is complementary to the template DNA strand.
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You continue studying the cells of an organism and identify the next structure as the cell wall. You read that the cell wall is composed of macromolecules that can be broken down into smaller molecules that are used by the mitochondria to provide energy for the cell.
Explain what you determined were the principle macromolecules found in the cell wall. Name the monomer / polymer. REMEMBER CELL WALL = PLANT
PLEASE ANSWER ASAP and give an explanation along with an explanation to the question. I’m kind of confused on what the question is asking. The best answer will get Brainliest!!
Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose while fungal cell walls are composed of chitin.
Plant cells are composed of what?The Plant cell walls has been composed of the cellulose while the fungal cell walls has been composed of chitin. Both the compounds such as the carbohydrate polymers, but they are composed of the different monomers.
The cellulose of the plant cell walls has a polysaccharide of glucose. The chitin of insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls, is also a polysaccharide: a linear polymer of a sugar derivative called N-acetylglucosamine.
Therefore, Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose while fungal cell walls are composed of chitin.
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Which of the following is paired incorrectly?
1. unit cell - the smallest repeating unit of the lattice
2. glass - amorphous solid
3. amorphous solids - considerable disorder in their structures
4. gold metal - simple cubic unit cell
5. crystalline solids - highly regular arrangement of their components
The option paired incorrectly is 4. Gold metal - simple cubic unit cell. Gold metal has a face-centered cubic unit cell. A simple cubic unit cell is one of the seven types of three-dimensional crystal structures, but it's not the same as face-centered cubic unit cell.
Please explain what it means when we say photosynthesis and respiration are a cycle. you need to use the reactants (what is needed) and products (what is being made) to explain your answer. include the organelles involved. you could also discuss how photosynthesis and respiration are involved in keeping your body active. please write 5 sentences minimum to include all required information.
5 sentences minimum:
1.products/reactants photosynthesis
2.products/reactanats respiration
3.organelle-photosynthesis
4.organelle-respiration
5.what does it mean when we say photosynthesis and respiration are a cycle
pls help me!!!!
Answer:
In photosynthesis, reactants such as carbon dioxide and water are used to create products such as glucose and oxygen. In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are used as reactants to create products such as carbon dioxide and water. The organelle involved in photosynthesis is the chloroplast, which contains chlorophyll and other pigments that absorb sunlight to convert it into chemical energy. The organelle involved in cellular respiration is the mitochondria, which converts the chemical energy in glucose and oxygen into a form that cells can use. Photosynthesis and respiration are a cycle because they are interconnected and dependent on each other. The glucose produced during photosynthesis is used as a reactant in cellular respiration, while the oxygen produced during photosynthesis is used as a reactant in cellular respiration. The carbon dioxide and water produced during respiration are used as reactants in photosynthesis.
True or false. In the muscles of the limbs, the origin is usually the immobile muscle attachment.
In the muscles of the limbs, the origin is usually the immobile muscle attachment. True.
What is immobile muscle attachment?
Skeletal muscles have two or more points of attachment to bone, or occasionally to other muscles or tissues. The attachment is said to as having an origin if the location is a bone that is stationary during an action. The attachment is referred to be an insertion if the location is on the bone that moves during the motion.
The insertion tendon is coupled to a more mobile position than the origin tendon, which is fixed.
The muscle's origin is the end attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone, while the muscle's movable end that joins to the bone being tugged is referred to as the muscle's insertion.
The body is moved in space by the muscles that surround synovial joints. These skeletal movements frequently.
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What causes directional selection?
Directional selection is caused by changes in the environment that favor individuals with a certain trait, while selecting against individuals without that trait.
directional selection, If there is a new predator that preys on small animals, animals with a larger body size may have an advantage and be more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, this can lead to a shift in the distribution of body size within the environment population, directional selection with more individuals having larger body sizes. Another example could be if a drought occurs and the water resources become scarce, the plants or animals that are able to survive in dry environment conditions would be favored over those that need a lot of water. In summary, directional selection is driven by changes in the environment that affect the survival and reproduction of individuals with different traits, leading to a shift in the distribution of traits within a population over time.
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according to model 2 what is the source of replacement electrons for those released from photosystem I
In accordance with Model 2, the source of the replacement electrons for those released from Photosystem 1 are electrons from Photosystem 2.
The energy store molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH are two molecules produced by the light-dependent processes that are required for the next phase of photosynthesis. The thylakoid membranes of organelles referred to as chloroplasts are where the light responses occur in plants.
The light processes are crucially influenced by photosystems, sizable protein and pigment (light-absorbing molecule) complexes that are designed to capture light.
The two different kinds of photosystems are the PSI and the PSII (PSII).
Numerous pigments that aid in the absorption of light energy may be found in both photosystems, along with a unique pair of chlorophyll molecules that are located at the core (reaction center) of the photosystem. The unique pair of photosystem I is referred to as P700, while the unique pair of photosystem II is referred to as P680.
Energy is transferred from pigment to pigment inside of photosystem II when light is absorbed by one of the numerous pigments inside. This process continues until the reaction center is reached. An electron's energy is raised there, where it is transmitted to P680. An acceptor molecule receives the high-energy electron, which is then exchanged for an electron from water. The oxygen we breathe is released as the water splits.
When the electron reaches photosystem I, it joins the reaction center's P700 unique pair of chlorophylls. The electron in P700 is raised to a very high energy level and transferred to an acceptor molecule when light energy is absorbed by pigments and sent inward to the reaction site. The lost electron of the exceptional pair is replaced by an electron from PSII.
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Which of the following is not a method used by taxonomists today to classify organisms?
Select one:
a.
Comparative anatomy & physiology
b.
Cell biology
c.
Comparative embryology
d.
Fossil record
Taxonomists are able to classify the organisms based on Comparative anatomy & physiology. Option A
What is taxonomy?When we talk about taxonomy, we have to think about the system that would allow us to be able to classify all the living organisms that we have in the universe. We know that the living things that we have fall into many different classes.
The question now would be, how exactly do we go about the classification of the organisms? If we are to do that we have to be able to devise a system that can be used and applied across the bboard and this is the idea of the use of taxonomy and it is based on the anatomy of the organism that we have to study.
The comparative anatomy of the organisms would tell us that they can be put into a category that is similar and thus they can be classed together in each case.
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Which of the following would not characterize allopathic selection?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
which suffix is found on both of the enzymes used in dna replication
In biochemistry, the name of an enzyme is formed using the suffix -ase. It can be present on both DNA replication enzymes.
The name of an enzyme is formed using the suffix -ase. The most typical way to name an enzyme is to append this suffix to the end of the substrate. For instance, an enzyme that breaks down peroxides may be termed peroxidase, and an enzyme that creates telomeres may be called telomerase. For example, the enzyme that polymerizes DNA into strands is called polymerase; see also reverse transcriptase. Enzymes are sometimes named for the function they carry out, rather than the substrate.
Helicase, an enzyme that breaks down double-stranded DNA into single strands so that each strand may be duplicated, and DNA polymerase III are the two key enzymes involved in DNA replication.
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Identify the structures of the kidney. Part A Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structures. Reset Help renal papilla renal pelvis renal vein ureter renal pyramids renal column Dodo minor calyx renal artery
The labels diagram to identify the structures of the kidney:
1. Renal column
2. Minor calyx
3. Renal artery
4. Renal vein
5. Renal papilla
6. Ureter
7. Renal pyramid
8. Renal column
The kidneys аre а pаir of beаn-shаped orgаns thаt аre found high in the bаck of the аbdominаl cаvity, just below the rib cаge; one on either side of the spine. The right kidney is slightly lower thаn the left becаuse of the position of the liver.
A kidney is divided into а dаrk outer аreа (the cortex) аnd аn inner lighter-coloured аreа (the medullа). Within the medullа there аre between 10 аnd 18 renаl pyrаmids; triаngulаr structures which hаve а striped аppeаrаnce. They hаve this аppeаrаnce becаuse of the renаl tubules аnd аssociаted blood vessels. The renаl cortex аnd the pyrаmids mаke up the renаl pаrenchymа. It is here thаt аpproximаtely one million nephrons аre the working centres of the kidneys.
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What are two differences between phototropism and gravitropism in plants?
Answer: The stimulus: Phototropism is the growth of a plant in response to light, whereas gravitropism is the growth of a plant in response to gravity.
The direction of growth: Phototropism causes a plant to grow towards a light source, while gravitropism causes a plant to orient its growth in response to the direction of gravity, typically roots grow downward while shoot grow upwards.
Causes of treatable dementia include all of the following EXCEPTO vitamin B-12 deficiencyO alcoholism. O depression. O Alzheimer's disease.
Treatable dementia is caused by a vitamin B-12 deficiency. Dementia is a word used to describe the decreased capacity to remembering, think, conduct make decisions rather than a specific disease.
Describe dementia.Dementia is a word used to describe the poor memory, thinking, or decision-making that interferes with performing daily tasks rather than a specific disease. As far as dementia goes, Vascular dementia the most prevalent. Despite the fact that dementia primarily affects older persons, it is not a natural aspect of aging.
Why does dementia develop?Alteration to this or loss of the brain's nerve cells as well as connections is what leads to dementia. Dementia can have varied effects on different people and produce distinct symptoms depending on the region of the brain which is affected.
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The interaction between bees and sunflowers is an example ofanswer choicespredationherbivoryparasitismmutualism
Answer:
example of mutualism
Explanation:
The interaction between bees and sunflowers is an example of mutualism. b/c mutualism is a type of ecological connection where both species gain from the interaction. In the case of sunflowers and bees, the flowers profit from the pollination services supplied by the bees, while the bees gain from the nectar provided by the blooms.
A prokaryote that obtains energy and carbon as it decomposes dead organisms is a(n) _____.
A. heterotroph and chemotroph
B. autotroph
C. chemotroph
D. autotroph, phototroph, and chemotroph
E. autotroph and phototroph
A prokaryote that obtains energy and carbon as it decomposes dead organisms is a(n) heterotroph and chemotroph.
In general , the terms of carbon metabolism, prokaryotes are classified as either heterotrophic or autotrophic . The main reason is that Heterotrophic organisms relies upon organic compounds, from other organisms, which work as carbon sources.
So, Heterotrophic organisms depend upon organic compounds, obtained from other organisms, as their carbon sources. Autotrophic organisms primarily depends upon other organism as their main source of carbon dioxide (CO2) . Heterotrophs are also termed as consumers as they consume producers or other consumers example include Dogs, birds, fish, and humans .
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Which of the following is not true about the distribution of species?
a.
A species’ native range does not include areas where it was introduced by humans.
b.
Some species have a range they inhabit only for breeding.
c.
Seasonal ranges include areas where species are found for part of the year.
d.
All the organisms in an ecosystem share distribution patterns.
The statement that is not true about the distribution of species is: d.
All the organisms in an ecosystem share distribution pattern.
What is distribution of species?Distribution of species can be defined as the way in which species are arranged. One of the example of distribution of species is territorial birds.
Penguins are often known as a territorial birds based on the fact that this type of bird tend to often have the same distribution.
On the other hand distribution patterns help to display the spatially relationship that species has among themselves.
The statement that are true about distribution of species includes the following:
A species’ native range does not include areas where it was introduced by humans.Some species have a range they inhabit only for breeding.Seasonal ranges include areas where species are found for part of the year.Therefore the correct option is D.
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why was shifting cultivation sustainable in the past
when standing still in front of a closed door and pushing on it without it moving, the muscle action/tension is called:
Answer:
KINESIOLOGY: TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS: Eccentric Contraction: The eccentric contraction plays a very important role in controlling and stopping movement and in preparing the muscles for an explosive type contraction.
1. (i) What biological knowledge or study is required in dealing with locusts that infest a maize (ii) State the functions of the following cell structures. (a) Sapvacuole. (b) Nucleolus.
(i) Dealing with locusts that infest a maize field requires a broad understanding of the biology of locusts, as well as knowledge of the ecology and behavior of the species that are causing the infestation. This can include understanding the biology of the locust species, the behavior of the locusts, the ecology of the locusts, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), the use of chemical control, and others
(ii)
(a) Sap Vacuole. A vacuole, specifically the central vacuole or the so-called "Sap vacuole" in plants is a large, membrane-bound organelle that stores water and dissolved nutrients. Its main function is to store and transport materials within the cell. The central vacuole stores a wide variety of materials, including water, enzymes, waste products, and pigments, it also plays a role in maintaining the shape and turgor pressure of the plant cell.
(b) Nucleolus: The nucleolus is a small, dense structure found within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Its main functions are to produce and process ribosomal RNA, which is a critical component of ribosomes, the cell's protein-making machinery. The nucleolus also plays a role in organizing chromosomes and regulating the cell cycle. It is formed by the combination of genetic material and proteins, and is involved in the transcription of the ribosomal DNA, the synthesis and assembly of the ribosomal subunits, and the regulation of the expression of the genes that encode the ribosomal components.
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The table above shows the nutritional information in a bottle of pop. Drinking 16 oz of this beverage would provide which of the following?
30% of the total carbohydrates for a person on a 2,000 calorie diet will provide if drinking 16 oz of this beverage.
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are macronutrients that provide energy to our bodies in three ways. Carbohydrates are vital at every stage of life. They're the body's primary source of energy and the brain preferred energy source.
Carbohydrate-containing foods are converted into glucose or blood sugar by the digestive system during the digestion process.
Therefore Carbohydrates are broken down by the body into glucose – a type of sugar. Glucose is used as fuel by your body's cells, tissues, and organs.
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a section of dna that holds the instructions for making a polypeptide ?
Gene is a section of dna that holds the instructions for making a polypeptide.
The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are the "workhorses" of the cellular, carrying out all of the capabilities necessary for lifestyles. as an instance, enzymes, which include those that metabolize nutrients and synthesize new cellular materials, in addition to DNA polymerases and different enzymes that make copies of DNA for the duration of cell department, are all proteins.
in the best sense, expressing a gene approach production its corresponding protein, and this multilayered system has most important steps. in the first step, the data in DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule with the aid of manner of a process referred to as transcription. throughout transcription, the DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base-pairing, and an enzyme called RNA polymerase II catalyzes the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, that is then processed to form mature mRNA (figure 1). The ensuing mRNA is a single-stranded reproduction of the gene, which next must be translated right into a protein molecule.
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Fungi are multicellular decomposers that obtain nutrients by a. internal digestion b. extracellular digestion c. photosynthesis d. chemosynthesis
The correct option is b, that is extracellular digestion. Fungi are multicellular decomposers that obtain nutrients by extracellular digestion.
What are fungi ?Along with plants, mammals, protozoa, and monera, fungi make up the kingdom Fungi. Fungi are a form of eukaryotic life. The variety of fungi is astounding, and some of the most typical types include yeast, molds, truffles, and mushrooms.
Any member of the eukaryotic group of organisms, which also includes the more well-known mushrooms and microbes like yeast and mold, is referred to as a fungus.
How do fungi cause harm?Food spoilage, forest destruction, crop, livestock, and human disease are just a few of the negative effects caused by fungi. Many foods that are stored become spoiled by fungi, particularly molds like Penicillium and Aspergillus. The bulk of plant diseases are brought on by fungi, which in turn results in significant monetary losses.
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why are neurotransmitters necessary at the neuromuscular junction
Neurotransmitters are required at the neuromuscular junction to initiate a new nerve impulse along the membrane of the muscle fiber and therefore make the muscles contract.
Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that help in transmitting electrical impulses to and from the brain by means of nerve cells. The electrical impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another by conversion into the chemical form by means of neurotransmitters.
Muscles are the loose masses of tissues that provide a definite shape to the body and also support the organs inside the body. The human body is composed of three types of muscles: skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles.
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if a cell at metaphase of mitosis contains 20 sister chromatids, how many chromosomes will be present in a somatic cell?
If a cell at metaphase of mitosis which contains 20 sister chromatids, Then, there will be 10 pairs of chromosomes will present in a somatic cell.
The normal number of chromosomes in a cell is 10 and there are usually 5 pairs of chromosomes. Since there are now 20 chromatids, duplication has occurred and they should become two identical pairs (sister chromatids). Therefore, there are 10 centromeres. If there are 20 centromeres in anaphase, there are 20 chromosomes in the dividing cell. As a result, each terminal pole of a dividing cell acquires 10 chromatids and each chromatid becomes a chromosome of the cell at the metaphase. After division, each chromosome consists of only one chromatid, a total of 23 chromatids. When a fertilized egg is formed during sperm-egg fusion, the final cell is diploid and contains 46 chromosomes (23 from each gamete).
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is saccharomyces cerevisiae gram-positive or gram-negative? research and describe the composition of yeast cell walls
Both gram-positive and gram-negative stains are given by S. cerevisiae cells.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular microorganism characterized as yeast, not bacteria. It has a nucleus protected by a nuclear envelope and is thus a eukaryotic organism, fungi. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known as “baker’s or brewer’s” yeast and is a model species for studying fungal pathogenesis.
The terms gram-negative and gram-positive are used to differentiate between types of bacteria. Intact, mature cells (vegetative cells) are gram-positive. Broken cells and ascospores are gram-negative. The cell wall composition of yeasts differs when compared to that of bacterial cells.
A yeast cell wall is 30-60% polysaccharides (mainly beta-glucan and mannan sugars), 15-30% proteins, and 5-20% lipids. It also contains a small amount of chitin. Yeast cell wall polysaccharides have been used as adjuncts for animal and fish feeds.
The cell wall composition of yeast is different from that of bacterial cells. A yeast cell wall is 30 - 60% polysaccharides ( mainly beta-glucan and mannan sugars), 15- 30% proteins, and 5- 20% lipids. A small amount of chitin is also present.
The proteins of the yeast cell wall link mannan-oligo-saccharides to form mannoprotein complexes. While on the other hand, the cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycans of disaccharides and amino acids.
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