pH = 4.3. The hydrogen ion shown above H⁺ is equivalent to the hydronium ion shown.
Is hydronium an H+ ion?This material is an ion because it has a charged and is made up of a hydrogen atom with a charge (H+) added. Its formula is H3O+, and it is referred to as the hydronium ion. Whenever an acid comes into contact with water, the hydronium ions are always created. generating H3O+, the acid's H+, by continuously reacting with the adjacent water molecule.
A hydronium is what kind of ion?In all alkaline aqueous solutions, the hydroxide ion ion (H3O+), also referred to as nucleophile water, is present. Brnsted acids release one or more of their electrons as h+ ions, which combine with water molecules.
Briefing:HOCL ⇆ H⁺ + 0CL⁻
Kₐ =H⁺ * 0CL⁻/HOCL
Ka of HOCl = 2.9×10⁻⁸
Kₐ = x²/C
2.9×10⁻⁸ = x²/ 0.100M
x = H⁺= 5.4 * 10⁻⁵
pH = -log H⁺ = 4.3
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9) A Full Verbatim file contains: a) Speech errors b) Stutters c) False starts 10) The correct form(s) of affirmation for Full Verbatim is (are): a) Mm-hmm Mm; Uh-huh b) Mh-mm; Uh-um; ah-am; uh-Uh c) Mm-hmm; uh-uh; uh-huh
The correct form(s) of affirmation for Full Verbatim is (are): Mm-hmm; Uh-uh; Uh-huh. Full Verbatim is a form of transcription that records exactly what is said in a conversation or meeting.
It captures all aspects of the conversation including speech errors, stutters, false starts and any other utterance. These affirmations are used to indicate that the speaker is aware of the other person’s comments and to show agreement. These affirmations are important for transcribing conversations as they provide context to the conversation and help to fill in gaps in the conversation.
It is important to note that Full Verbatim is not a perfect form of transcription. There are some cases where the conversation may not be completely captured. For example, if the participants are speaking over each other, it may be difficult to capture all the details of the conversation. In addition, there are certain nuances and non-verbal cues that are not recorded in Full Verbatim and may be missed.
Although Full Verbatim is not perfect, it is still a valuable form of transcription as it captures what is said in the conversation in great detail. It allows for accurate recordings of the conversation and can be used to refer back to at a later date. This form of transcription should be used with caution, however, as any mistakes or omissions may lead to inaccurate records.
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Why are electrons shared in molecular compounds? There are multiple correct answers A. So that both atoms can achieve Nobel Gas configurations B. To lower the overall energy of the compound and increase its stability C. Because sharing is caring D. To increase the overall energy of the molecule and decrease its stability E. So that both elements can have a full valence shells F. Because the positive and negative ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces
Electrons are shared in molecular compounds A. So that both atoms can achieve Nobel Gas configurations and E. So that both elements can have full valence shells.
Accept the noble gases, all the elements in the periodic table do not have the required electrons in their outermost shell to complete their valencies. As a result, the electrons are shared among molecular compounds so that the elements of the periodic table can complete their valency.
Molecular compounds are formed when elements react in order to attain an electronic configuration that is similar to its nearest noble gas. Molecular compounds are formed when elements lose, give or share electrons in order to make their valence shells full.
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you have a 50/50 mixture of fluorene and aniline dissolved at high concentration in methylene chloride. (aniline, aka aminobenzene, aka phenylamine, aka a benzene with an nh2 on it). what solvent should you use to extract most of the aniline out of this mixture?
The Hydrochloric acid is used as the solvent taht can cut the Aniline from the Flourine mixture that has highest concentration of methylene chloride.
In order to take away aniline from the combination, you could upload an aqueous answer of HCl to transform it to its protonated shape which complements its solubility with water. Upon addition of the acid, you'll be aware that layers could be formed.
The natural layer consists of natural naphthalene at the same time as the aqueous layer consists of the ammonium ion of aniline. To isolate aniline, the acidic answer may be basified observed via way of means of the addition of ether to extract the impartial aniline into the natural solvent Aniline is separated from combination via way of means of steam distillation due to the fact it's far unstable on the temperature of steam and is immiscible with water.
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When high voltage is run through water, it can actually separate the oxygen and hydrogen. Again, determine the mole ratios that are balanced.
Answer:
2:1
Explanation:
Correct option is C)
We can see from the balanced equation, that the mole ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1 , both in the water molecule and in the reactants, hydrogen gas (H
2
) and oxygen gas (O
2
). The electrolysis of water causes the decomposition of water, (H
2
O), which produces hydrogen and oxygen.
find the energy of the photon that is emitted when the electron in a hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from the n
C)0.57 eV
E_photon = energy of the photon
E_i = energy of initial level
E_f = energy of final level
Then we take a look at our Energy Level Diagram for hydrogen. Look at the energy required for n = 7 and then n = 4.
E_photon = E_i - E_f
E_photon = (0.00 eV) - (-0.57 eV)
E_photon = 0.57 eV
Photon energy is the energy carried by a single photon. The amount of energy is directly proportional to the photon's electromagnetic frequency and thus inversely proportional to its wavelength. The higher the frequency of a photon, the higher its energy. The longer the wavelength of a photon, the lower its energy.
Photon energy can be expressed in arbitrary energy units. Commonly used units for expressing photon energy include the electronvolt (eV) and joules (and their multiples such as microjoules). One joule is equal to 6.24 × 1018 eV, so larger units may be more useful to express the energy of higher frequency, higher energy photons, such as photons. B. Gamma rays, as opposed to low-energy photons such as the optical and radio frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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mass of 400ml beaker
Empty 400-mL beaker weight in grams: 130.778 g. glass and is lab, food and dishwasher safe.
What does a 500 ml beaker weigh?The 500 ml beaker weighs 250 g when it is empty & 645 g when it is full of an unidentified liquid.
A 400 mL beaker's height is how tall?Beaker is 5.1" tall and has a inner and outer size of 67.5mm and 70mm, respectively.The heat tolerances for Eisco Lab Borosilicate 3.3 Glass are as follows:-515°C for strain, 565°C for annealing, and 820°C for softening.
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Draw the Lewis structure of (AsF4) Use this stnicture; conjunction with VSEPR theory, predict: The electron domain geometry of the molecule: The molecular geometry (shape ofthe molecule). The bond angles around the centra atom. The polarity of the molecule. The type of hybridization f the central Hom.
The Lewis structure of AsF4 can be drawn as follows:
As F
\/
F
/ \
F F
The molecular geometry of the molecule will also be tetrahedral.
The bond angles around the central As atom will be 109.5 degrees.
The molecule is nonpolar.
The type of hybridization of the central As atom is sp3.
Using VSEPR theory, we can predict the electron domain geometry of the molecule to be tetrahedral, since there are four electron domains around the central As atom. The molecular geometry of the molecule will also be tetrahedral, since the electron domains dictate the shape of the molecule.
The bond angles around the central As atom will be 109.5 degrees, which is the typical bond angle for a tetrahedral molecule.
The molecule is nonpolar, since the four F atoms are equally spaced around the As atom and the molecule has a symmetrical shape. This means that the molecule does not have a permanent dipole moment.
The type of hybridization of the central As atom is sp3, since the As atom is bonded to four F atoms and is therefore in a tetrahedral electron arrangement.
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4.a) Draw two Lewis structures for HCP; one where C is central and one where P is central: b) Calculate formal charge for each atom in each structure: Which structure is favored? Explain your answer: 5. a) Draw all possible resonance structures for HCOSel (C is central) b) Calculate formal charge for each atom in each structure: Which structure is favored? Explain your answer:
One Hydrogen atom (H) and one Oxygen atom (O) surround the central Carbon atom (C) in the HCP Lewis structure (O). Carbon (C) and Phosphorus (P) have a triple bond, and Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) have a single bond.
How can you choose the ideal format for a formal charge?The Lewis structure with the negative formal charges on the most electronegative atoms is the one to choose from when faced with a choice between numerous Lewis structures with similar formal charge distributions.
How do you determine the preferred resonance structure?The resonance forms with the fewest non-zero formal charge atoms are selected. Resonance develops atoms that have a negative formal charge or are the most electronegative are preferred.
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the difference in electronegativity signifies that the hydrogen-oxygen bond is blank.target 2 of 10
The hydrogen-oxygen bond is ionic 3 because to the difference in electronegativity.
Why is electronegativity essential and what does it mean?The capacity of such an atom to draw protons (or electronic structure) to itself is measured by its electropositive. It controls the distribution of the shared energy between two molecules in a bond. The bigger an atom's electropositive, the more aggressively it will draw electrons from its bonds.
High electronegativity: What does that mean?The capacity of an element to draw electron density in a covalent connection is referred to as electron affinity. The stronger a material attracts other shared electrons, the greater its degree of electronegativity.
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calculate the distance of closest approach for a head-on collision between a 5.30 mev alpha particle and the nucleus of a copper atom.
To calculate the distance of closest approach for a head-on collision between an alpha particle and the nucleus of a copper atom, we can use the formula:
r = Z1Z2e^2 / (2m1v^2)
where r is the distance of closest approach, Z1 and Z2 are the atomic numbers of the alpha particle and the copper nucleus, respectively, e is the charge of the electron (1.6 x 10^-19 C), m1 is the mass of the alpha particle, and v is the velocity of the alpha particle.
The atomic number of an alpha particle is 2, since it consists of two protons and two neutrons. The atomic number of copper is 29. The mass of an alpha particle is 6.644 x 10^-27 kg, and its velocity can be calculated from its kinetic energy using the formula:
v = sqrt(2*KE/m1)
where KE is the kinetic energy of the alpha particle in joules. The kinetic energy of a 5.30 MeV alpha particle is 5.30 x 10^6 eV, or 8.478 x 10^-13 J.
Substituting these values into the formula for the distance of closest approach, we get:
r = 229(1.6 x 10^-19 C)^2 / (2*(6.644 x 10^-27 kg)(sqrt(28.478 x 10^-13 J/6.644 x 10^-27 kg))^2
= 5.936 x 10^-15 m
Therefore, the distance of closest approach for a head-on collision between a 5.30 MeV alpha particle and the nucleus of a copper atom is approximately 5.936 x 10^-15 meters.
if the parent isotope has a half-life that equals 1.75 million years, how old is the rock?
3.50 Million years old is that rock, if the parent isotope has a half-life that equals 1.75 million years.
2 Half Lives
It has decayed from 100-50%
Then 50-25%
It has passed two half lives. If half-life is 1.75 Million years, it means rock is 1.75+1.75= 3.50 Million years
So correct option is second one 3.50 Ma
A quantity (of substance half-life )'s (symbol t12) is the amount of time needed for it to decrease to half of its original value. The phrase is frequently used in nuclear physics to refer to how long stable atoms last or how quickly unstable atoms decay radioactively. In a broader sense, the phrase is used to describe any exponential decay (or, very rarely, a non-exponential decay). For instance, the biological half-life of medications and other substances in the human body is discussed in the medical sciences. In exponential growth, doubling time is the opposite of half-life. In the early 1950s, the original phrase, half-life time, which dates back to Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the concept in 1907, was condensed to half-life. In his age-related research, Rutherford used the concept of a radioactive element's half-life.
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draw the alcohol that is oxidized to give the product shown below. show all hydrogen atoms.
The structure from which the product was obtained has been shown in the image attached to this answer.
What is the compound?We need to refresh our mind about the oxidation of the alcohols. When we alcohol, the compound that we would obtain, we depend on the kind of alcohol that is oxidized as we can see. When we oxidize a primary alcohol, we would obtain a carboxylic acid which can be further oxidized to give an alkanone.
When we oxidize a secondary alcohol, we would now obtain a ketone. We have to look at the structure of the product that we have and this would then give us an idea of the kind of the compound that may have been oxidized so that we can be able to get the compound as it has been shown.
Since the product of the oxidation is an alkanoic acid, we can be able to see that the compound that it was obtained from is a primary alcohol
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Balance this reaction.
CH₂OH +
O₂ →
CO2 +
V H2O
Answer:
4CH₂OH + 5O₂ → 4CO₂ + 6H₂O
Explanation:
4CH₂OH + 5O₂ → 4CO₂ + 6H₂O
C = 4
H = 12
O = 14
complete the full electron configuration for each element below.
Answer:
1.1s22s22p
Explanation:
Element Full Electron Configuration
A.) Nitrogen (Z = 7) 1s? 2s? 2p?
B.) Chlorine (Z = 17) 1s? 2s? 2p? 3s? 3p?
C.) Sodium (Z = 11) 1s? 2s? 2p? 3s?
D.) Beryllium (Z = 4) 1s? 2s?
Draw the major product of the following reaction: Br OMe
The end result of a chemical process that is produced in the highest quantity.
What exactly are a major and minor product?
Large and Small Products
The product that was created using Markovnikov's rule is considered to be the major product out of the two conceivable products. Most of the time, this substance will form (70%–95%). The minor product is the name for the substitute.
How is a major product created?
The Markovnikov Rule in use
As a result, the Markovnikov Rule states that when more hydrogen is added to carbon, the main product will result. This suggests that the main result will be 2-bromopropane when hydrogen is added to carbon-1, which has a higher concentration of hydrogen, and bromine is added to carbon-2.
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Why the reaction between steam and magnesium is more vigorous than that between liquid water and magnesium
Explanation:
The reaction of magnesium and steam takes place which produces magnesium oxide and evolves hydrogen gas.
When steam is passed over the magnesium reaction takes place with the formation of magnesium oxide which is a white powder here hydrogen gas is also formed.
The burning of magnesium takes place with bright white flame in the presence of steam.
When the burning of magnesium takes place in the presence of oxygen, bright light is emitted with the release of a lot of heat.
This reaction is an exothermic reaction.
• Here the product includes powdery magnesium oxide.
the atomic radius of an atom that is chemically bonded to an identical atom is equal to
Due to the equal attraction of the electrons by the two nuclei, when atoms of the same elements are covalently connected, the radius of every atom will be half that difference.
What are the signs that a substance is covalently bonded?Generally speaking, ionic bonding can be seen in compounds where a metal is bound to a non-metal or even a semi-metal. When covalent bonding is present, a substance is referred to be a molecular compound since it is made entirely of non-metals or partially of semi-metals.
What sort of molecule would constitute a covalent bond?Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to bind together. The majority of the time, nonmetals form covalent connections. For instance, in water (H2O), the hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms each share an electron pair to form a molecule that consists of two hydrogen atoms single-bonded to one oxygen atom.
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What kind of intermolecular forces act between a chlorine Cl2 molecule and an argon atom? Note: If there is more than one type of intermolecular force that acts, be sure to list them all, with a comma between the name of each force.
Dispersion forces are the intermolecular force. The sole sort of intermolecular force that acts between non-polar molecules is called a dispersion force.
Examples of such molecules are hydrogen (H2), chlorine (Cl2), carbon dioxide (CO2), dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4), and methane (CH4). Thus, London dispersion forces are the sole intermolecular forces. Due to the non-polar character of these two molecules, we may state that helium and CCL-4 are only weakly bound together by the London dispersion force. Chlorine is a diatomic molecule with equal electronegativity in each of its atoms, which indicates that the molecule is non-polar. Only London dispersion forces are present in non-polar molecules. Therefore, Cl2 Cl 2 has London dispersion forces.
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If it is a clear spring day, which of
the following can we say with
certainty after Earth makes one
fourth of a full revolution?
A. It will be night.
B. It will be summer.
C. It will be cloudy.
D. It will be autumn.
On a clear spring day, we may declare with certainty that Earth completes one-fourth of a full rotation after which summer will begin.
What is a day, exactly?The duration of the Earth's complete rotation with regard to the Sun is one day. This corresponds to 24 hours, 1440 minute, or 86,400 seconds on average. The term "day" is frequently used in daily speech to refer to a sunny day, that is the interval between two solar comorbid, or the times the Sun is at its greatest position.
Are there two days every other day?If something occurs every second or every other day, for instance, it occurs one day, then doesn't occur the following day, then occurs the following day, and so on.
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Answer: C
Explanation: it will be summer
if a rock starts off with 100 radioactive parent atoms, how many parent atoms will be left after 2 half-lives?
If a rock starts off with 100 radioactive parent atoms, 25 parent atoms will be left after 2 half-lives.
The process through which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy through radiation is referred to as radioactive decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or radioactive decay. If a substance's nuclei are unstable, it is said to be radioactive. Alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay are three of the most prevalent types of decay, and they all entail the emission of one or more particles. Beta decay is a result of the weak force, while the nuclear force and electromagnetism are in charge of the other two processes. Electron capture, which occurs when an unstable nucleus seizes an inner electron from one of the electron shells, is the fourth prevalent kind of decay. Radioactive decay is a stochastic i.e. random process at the level of individual atoms. According to quantum theory, it is impossible to predict when an atom will decay, regardless of how long it has been. For a substantial number of atoms that are comparable, the total decay rate can be expressed as a half-life or as a decay constant.
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how many grams of oxygen are required to react with 11.0 grams of octane ( c8h18 ) in the combustion of octane in gasoline?
The grams of oxygen that are required to react with 11.0 grams of octane is 38.6 grams.
The balanced chemical reaction can be depicted as follows:
C₈H₁₈ + 25/2 O₂ ------> 8CO₂ +9 H₂O
Atomic mass of C = 12 u
Atomic mass of H = 1 u
Atomic mass of O = 16 u
Molar mass of C₈H₁₈ = 8*12+18*1 = 96+18 = 114 g/mol .
Molar mass of O₂= 2*16 = 32 g/mol
Mass of C₈H₁₈ = 11 g
Moles = mass/molar mass
Moles of Octane = 11 g/ 114(g/mol) = 0.09649 mol .
From balanced chemical reaction :
1 mol Octane ------> 12.5 mol O₂
0.09649 mol octane -----> x
x = 0.09649 mol octane* 12.5 mol O₂/1 mol octane
x = 1.206 mol O₂
Moles of Oxygen = 1.206 mol
Mass of oxygen= moles of oxygen* molar mass of oxygen
Mass of oxygen= 1.206 mol * 32 (g/mol) = 38.59 g≅38.6 g
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hydrated cobalt chloride consists of pink crystals. When it is heated in a test tube, it turns blue, and drops of liquid are seen at the top of the test tube. This reaction is reversible.
Suggest the identity of the drops of liquids and a way to test your answer.
The compound that is in the liquid is water.
What is the drop of liquid?We know that the compound cobalt chloride can be used to test for the presence of water. The reason why we can be able to use the compound to test for the presence of water is the fact that the color of the anhydrous and the hydrates salt is not the same.
The anhydrous salt is blue in color and that is why the heating of the hydrated salt would make it to turn blue while the hydrtaed compound is foud to be pink in color. Addition of water an removal of water is able to change the color of cobalt chloride.
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When you see Red Cat and An Ox what does that tell you? a. Dr. Song uses the red cat and an ox to refer to her two kids: b. It is short for "Reduction occurs at the Cathode and Oxidation occurs at the Anode' c.Dr. Song has red cat and an ox in her nouse; d.Red cat?? There no such thing: Dr. Song made it Up. She is too bored during quarantine_
At the anode, oxidation takes place whereas at the cathode, reduction takes place.
A non-spontaneous redox reaction is sparked by the application of electrical energy in electrolytic cells, a kind of electrochemical cell. Here, chemical energy is created by converting electrical energy. These are made up of two half cells: a positively charged cathode for reduction and a negatively charged anode for oxidation. The same container that contains the molten electrolyte also houses the two electrodes.
For instance, an electrolytic cell is used to break down salt (NaCl). The general response is:
At cathode: Diminishment
Rightleftharpoons Na + + e-
Oxidation at the anode
Rightleftharpoons, 2Cl-+, and 2e-
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g carbon-11 is used in medical imaging. the half-life of this radioisotope is 20.4 min. what percentage of a sample remains after 60.0 min? 71.2 5.28 13.0 34.0 2.94
Option B; This radioisotope's half-life is 20.4 minutes. After 60.0 minutes, 13.03% of a sample is still present.
The decay of C-11 isotopes is known to follow first order kinetics.
The half-life time (t1/2) in a first order reaction is equal to 0.693/k, where k is the rate constant.
k = 0.693/(t1/2), 0.693/(20.4 min), or 0.03397 min1.
The following is the first order reaction integrated law:
ln[A0]/[A], or
where k is the rate constant (0.03397 seconds per second).
t (t = 60.0 min).
[A0] is C-11's starting concentration ([A0] = 100%).
[A] is the amount of C-11 that is still present ([A] =???%).
kt = ln[A0] / [A]
(60.0 min 0.03397 min) = ln(100%)/[A]
2.038 = ln(100%)/[A]
assuming e is on both sides:
7.677 = (100%)/[A]
[A] = (100%)/(7.677) = 13.03%.
After 60.0 minutes, 13.03% of a sample is still present.
Question:
Carbon-11 is used in medical imaging. The half-life of this radioisotope is 20.4 min. What percentage of a sample remains after 60.0min a)34.0 b)13.03 c)2871.2 d)2.94
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in the experiment, was nh4cl the solute or the solvent?
The solvent in the unsaturated solution is NH4Cl. 17. At 70oC, 45 grams of NH4 Cl are dissolved in 100 grams of water to create a solution.
What is nh4cl?Ammonium chloride, an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl, is a white, crystalline salt that is particularly soluble in water. Inside the mineralogic form where it naturally occurs, ammonium chloride is known as sal ammoniac solutions, which have a slightly acidic pH.
What is ammonium chloride used for and its effects?Its main use are as an electrolyte in dry cells and as a source of nitrogen for fertilizers. It is also widely used as a component of galvanizing, tinning, and soldering fluxes to remove oxide coatings from metals and so enhance the solder's adherence.
When exposed to ammonium chloride, people may experience discomfort, headaches, nausea, and wheezing. It is also moderately dangerous. The chemical's fume form (Ammonium Muriate Fume and Sal Ammoniac Fume), which is a finely fragmented particulate scattered in the air, is where most exposure occurs.
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a form of energy caused by the movement of molecules from warmer substances or objects to cooler ones.
Heat is the energy that is transferred from a warmer to a cooler object.
Is there a type of thermal energy that moves from one thing to another and that movement is caused by the temperature differential between the two objects?Thermal energy that is in motion from one location to another is called heat. Warmer items transfer their heat to cooler ones. Heat is measured in Joules or occasionally in calories because it is a type of energy.
What kind of energy causes the atoms and molecules in substances to vibrate and move?The vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within a substance provide thermal energy, often known as heat. Atoms move more quickly when a substance has higher thermal energy.
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Draw a Lewis structure for methyl isocyanate, CH3NCO, showing all valence electrons. Predict all bond angles in this molecule and the hybridization of each C, N, and O.
Lewis structure for methyl isocyanate, CH3NCO, showing all valence electrons. 60 degree, 60 degree and 120 degree are all bond angles in this molecule and the hybridization of each C, N, and O.
The valence shell electrons in a molecule are depicted in an extremely simplified manner by a Lewis Structure. It is used to demonstrate how the electrons in a molecule are positioned around particular atoms. Electrons are shown as "dots" or, in the case of a bond, as a line connecting the two atoms. The octet rule and formal charges must be met in order to achieve the "optimal" electron configuration. Lewis structures use the chemical symbol for each atom to show where it is located within the molecule's structure. Atoms that are joined together are separated by lines (pairs of dots can be used instead of lines). The extra electrons that form lone pairs are shown next to the atoms as pairs of dots. Hydrogen (H) can only form bonds that share two electrons, whereas main group elements of the second period and beyond often react by acquiring, losing, or sharing electrons until they have reached a valence shell electron configuration with a full octet of (8) electrons.
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In the coordination compound [Co(en)2CIz]CI, the charge on the Lewis acid is (ethylenediamine, en = H2NCH2CH2NH2) a. -2 b. -1 c. +2 d.+3 e. +1
The charge on the Lewis acid is +3 which means option d is the correct choice.
A Lewis Structure is a completely simplified illustration of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to expose how the electrons are organized round character atoms in a molecule. Electrons are proven as "dots" or for bonding electrons as a line among the 2 atoms.
As we know in a coordination compound metal atoms or ions are Lewis acid . So, here Cobalt is Lewis acid .
Now , the charge of ethylenediamine (en) is 0 , the charge of Cl is -1 . Let the charge on Co be X . Then as overall compound is neutral . So,
1 × X + 2 × 0 + 3 × -1 = 0
X - 3 = 0
X = +3
So, the charge on Lewis acid (Co) is +3 . So, correct answer is d). +3
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Which substance has the strongest attractive forces between its particles? salt sugar or wax, then explain, give evidence, and reasoning for fun.
In general, substances with strong attractive forces between their particles tend to have high melting and boiling points and are solids at room temperature.
Salt (sodium chloride) is a solid at room temperature and has a relatively high melting point of 801°C. This is due to the strong attractive forces between its ions (positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions).
Sugar (sucrose) is also a solid at room temperature but has a much lower melting point of 186°C. This is because the attractive forces between the sugar molecules are not as strong as the forces between the ions in salt.
Wax is a soft solid at room temperature and has a relatively low melting point. The attractive forces between wax molecules are weaker than those in salt or sugar.
So, in terms of the strength of attractive forces between its particles, salt would be the strongest, followed by sugar and then wax.
Which compound will contain the most polar bond? A. bromoethane, H3CCH2Br B. ethene, H2CCH2 C. ethane, H3CCH3 D. chloroethane, H3CCH2Cl
The compound that will contain the most polar bond is D. chloroethane, H3CCH2Cl. This is because the bond between the carbon and chlorine atoms is more polar than the bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms in the other compounds. The polarity of a bond is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved in the bond. Chlorine has a higher electronegativity than carbon, so the bond between them will be more polar. The other compounds listed have bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms, which have a smaller difference in electronegativity and are therefore less polar.
