The iupac name for the following compound is 3,5-dimethylheptanedioic acid
The worldwide organization that represents chemistry and allied disciplines and technology is called the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is the foremost expert on chemical language and nomenclature, including the naming of new elements in the periodic table, standardized measurement techniques, atomic weights, and a wide range of other critically analyzed data.
A global standard for naming chemicals is to be established through the IUPAC system of nomenclature in order to improve communication. The system's objective is to assign each structure a distinct and clear name and to associate each name with a distinct and clear structure.
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The carbon dioxide concentration in the pre-industrial atmosphere was around ____ ppm but has increased to around ______ ppm today.
The carbon dioxide concentration in the pre-industrial atmosphere was around 280 ppm but has increased to around 400 ppm today.
Burning fossil fuels for electricity production and transportation, making cement, destroying forests, farming, and many other activities all contribute to CO2 pollution. The planet's atmosphere warms steadily as a result of the presence of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, which trap heat that would otherwise radiate from the surface and escape into space. This warming of the atmosphere triggers a variety of weather changes, such as periods of extreme heat, drought, and wildfire activity, as well as heavier precipitation, flooding, and tropical cyclone activity.
The effects of greenhouse gas pollution on the world's oceans include increasing sea surface temperatures, rising sea levels and increased carbon absorption, making seawater more acidic, deoxygenating the oceans and making it harder for some marine organisms to survive.
Hence,the CO2 concentration has increased in todays atmosphere.
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If a saturated open chain hydrocarbon has 15 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms are present?
32 hydrogen atoms are present in a saturated open chain hydrocarbon has 15 carbon atoms.
Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between carbon atoms.
The carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen as many hydrogen atoms as possible.
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
General formula for alkanes is CₓH₂ₓ₊₂.
x is the number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon.
x = 15; the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon
The number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon = 2 × 15 + 2
The number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon = 32
Hydrocarbons can form open chains, branched chains and rings.
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change each of the following numbers into scientific notation
d) 0.000 000 000 000 001 72
f) 568,200,000,000,000
g) 0.000 000 081
h) 0.000 000 000 000 904
i) 7,123
A+compound+is+53.31%+c,53.31%+c,+11.18%+h,11.18%+h,+and+35.51%+o35.51%+o+by+mass.+what+is+its+empirical+formula?+insert+subscripts+as+needed.
The empirical formula of a compound is C₂H₅O.
Take 100 grams of compound:
1) ω(C) = 53.31% ÷ 100% = 0.5331
m(C) = ω(C) × m(compound).
m(C) = 0.5331 × 100 g.
m(C) = 53.31 g.
n(C) = m(C) ÷ M(C).
n(C) = 53.31 g ÷ 12 g/mol.
n(C) = 4.44 mol; amount of carbon
2) ω(H) = 11.18 % ÷ 100% = 0.1118
m(H) = 0.1118 × 100 g.
m(H) = 11.18 g.
n(H) = 11.18 g ÷ 1 g/mol.
n(H) = 11.18 mol; amount of hydrogen
3) ω(O) = 35.51 % ÷ 100%.
ω(O) = 0.3551
m(O) = 0.3551 × 100 g
m(O) = 35.51 g.
n(O) = 35.51 g ÷ 16 g/mol.
n(O) = 2.22 mol.
4) n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 4.44 mol : 11.18 mol : 2.22 mol /2.22 mol.
n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 2 : 5.03 : 1
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Which molecule is more soluble in water?
ch3ch2och3 (g) ch3ch2och2ch3(l) ch3ch2och3 (g) ch3ch2och2ch3(l) both are the same solubility
Of the two ether molecules given, ethyl methyl ether is the smaller molecule and thus more soluble in water. Diethyl ether has a larger molecule compared to ethyl methyl ether. CH₃CH₂OCH₃ is more soluble in water
Methyl ether is slightly more polar than diethyl ether. Methyl ether is much more volatile
Chemical compounds are classified based on the groups that exist within the compound known as functional groups. Ether is one of the functional groups of the form ROR', where the two alkyl groups can be the same or the two alkyl groups can be different.
He is given two structures, CH3CH2OCH2CH3 and CH3CH2OCH3. One is diethyl ether and the other is ethyl methyl ether. The two structures contain oxygen atoms, thus participating in hydrogen bonding.
Therefore, the solubility of a compound depends on its molecular size. The smaller the molecular size, the greater the solubility of the compound in water.
Of the two ether molecules given, ethyl methyl ether is the smaller molecule and thus more soluble in water. Diethyl ether has a larger molecule compared to ethyl methyl ether.
CH3CH2OCH3 is more soluble in water than CH3CH2OCH2CH3.
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What is NOT a reason to use models in science?
some systems are too large, to small, and/or too complex, they are difficult to
predict
to replicate and simplify physical reality to allow for precise experiments
to convince society that the hypothesis is accurate
to aid in the development of questions and explanations about systems
Answer:
to convince society that the hypothesis is accurate
Determine the volume occupied by 1.5 g of ethyl alcohol. the density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/ml
The volume occupied of ethyl alcohol with a density of 0.789 g/ml and a mass of 1.5 g is: 1.9011 ml
The density formula and the procedure we will use is:
d = m/v
Where:
v= volumed= densitym= massInformation about the problem:
d= 0.789 g/mlm = 1.5 gv = ?Applying the density formula and clearing the volume we get:
d = m/v
v = m/ d
v = 1.5 g/0.789 g/ml
v = 1.9011 ml
What is density?It is a physical quantity that expresses the ratio of the body mass to the volume it occupies.
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Which species has two more neutrons than electrons?
The species that has two more neutrons than electrons are ₂₀⁴⁰Ca²⁺ and ₁₁²³Na⁺ has two more neutrons than electrons; option C and D
What are the fundamental particle in an atom?The fundamental particles in an atom are the particles which make up the atom.
An atom is composed of three fundamental particles:
protonsneutrons, andelectronsThe number of protons in atom is the atomic number of the element.
The number of neutrons in atom is the difference between the mass number and atomic number of the atom.
For the given species;
₃⁶Li⁺:
number of protons = 3;
number of neutrons = 6 - 3 = 3
number of electrons = 3 -1 = 2
₄⁹Be²⁺:
number of protons = 4;
number of neutrons = 9 - 4 = 5
number of electrons = 4 -2 = 2
₁₁²³Na⁺:
number of protons = 11
number of neutrons = 23 - 11 = 12
number of electrons = 11 -1 = 10
₂₀⁴⁰Ca²⁺:
number of protons = 20
number of neutrons = 40 - 20 = 20
number of electrons = 20 -2 = 18
Therefore, ₂₀⁴⁰Ca²⁺ and ₁₁²³Na⁺ has two more neutrons than electrons.
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Recall that you may have seen bubbles of gas forming during the redox reaction. Those bubbles are due to a side reaction between some of the aluminum wire and acid (H+ ions) formed by the hydrolysis of the copper ions. Write a balanced net ionic reaction that occurs between aluminum metal and acid ions. Which element is oxidized, which element is reduced?
Here the reaction is of single displacement reaction.
Here, as the affinity of Aluminum is more than hydrogen to form stable compound with the corresponding negative ion of acid. This can be seen through the reactivity series of metal.
Here redox reaction takes place in two parts: Reduction reaction at cathodic site (gain or electron or reduction in oxidation state) and oxidation reaction at anodic site (lose of electron or increase in oxidation state).
Anodic reaction:
Al = Al₃⁺ + 3e⁻
Cathodic reaction:
2H⁺ + 2e⁻ = H₂
A displacement reaction happens while a more reactive detail displaces, or pushes out, a much less reactive element from a compound that carries the less reactive element. After a displacement reaction, the much less reactive element is now pure and left uncombined.
A single-displacement reaction, also known as single replacement reaction or exchange reaction, is a chemical reaction wherein one element is replaced by means of every other in a compound.
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Write a poem at least five lines long to describe or organization of matter by the arrangement of its atoms. Be sure to include both the names of the different types of matter as well as their meanings.
Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of atoms, molecules, and ions, but the behaviors of these particles are different in the three phases. Gases are well separated without a regular arrangement. Liquid on the other hand are close together with no regular arrangement. Solid are tightly packed and has a regular pattern.
What is matter?Matter is anything that has weight and occupies space.
All matter are made up of gas, liquid or solid. Gases are well separated without a regular arrangement. Liquid on the other hand are close together with no regular arrangement but takes the shape of the container. Solid are tightly packed and has a regular pattern.
In conclusion, all matter has mass and occupies space. All physical objects are made of matter.
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Which of the following are a type of scientific model?
a. Mathematical
b. Physical
c. Conceptual
d. All of the above
Answer:
Physical
Explanation:
what is meant pyrolysis?
Answer:
Pyrolysis is the heating of an organic material, such as biomass, in the absence of oxygen. Biomass pyrolysis is usually conducted at or above 500 °C, providing enough heat to deconstruct the strong bio-polymers mentioned above.Although an amine nitrogen atom containing an electron pair and bonded to three different groups is technically a stereogenic center, the chirality of the amine nitrogen is often ignored. why is that?
Amine nitrogen atom containing an electron pair and bonded to three different groups is technically a stereogenic center, the chirality of the amine nitrogen is often ignored due to its four bonds are needed to define stereoganic center.
What is stereoganic center?A stereogenic center is any atom that gives different isomers when atoms or groups attached to it are exchanged. These isomers are called stereoisomers because the structures of the molecules are the same but their spatial arrangements are different from each other.
Chirality only exists with the tetrahedral carbon atoms Because there Is usually rapid inter conversion between the two isomeric forms at room temperature. Because there usually slow Inter conversion between the two Isomeric forms at room temperature.
Atom bearing groups such that interchanging of any two groups leads to a stereoisomer, plane of symmetry so that there are no stereoisomers tetrahedral atom enantiomer, non-superimposable mirror image tetrahedral atom bonded to four different substituents.
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How much 0.3 m h2so4 is needed to neutralize 34.0 ml of a 0.25 m solution of naoh?
14.1 mL H₂SO₄ is needed to neutralize solution of NaOH.
Balanced chemical equation for neutralization reaction of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide:
H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
c(H₂SO₄) = 0.3 M = 0.3 mol/L; concentration of sulfuric acid
V(NaOH) = 34.0 mL = 0.034 L; volume of sodium hydroxide
c(NaOH) = 0.25 M = 0.25 mol/L; concentration of sodium hydroxide
n(NaOH) = c(NaOH) × V(NaOH)
n(NaOH) = 0.25 mol/L × 0.034 L.
n(NaOH) = 0.0085 mol; amount of sodium hydroxide
From chemical reaction: n(H₂SO₄) : n(NaOH) = 1 : 2.
n(H₂SO₄) = 0.0085 mol ÷ 2
n(H₂SO₄) = 0.00425 mol; amount of sulfuric acid
V(H₂SO₄) = n(H₂SO₄) ÷ c(H₂SO₄).
V(H₂SO₄) = 0.00425 mol ÷ 0.3 mol/L.
V(H₂SO₄) = 0.0141 L = 14.1 mL; volume of sulfuric acid
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A medication order states, administer meperidine hydrochloride 50 mg im stat. available is meperidine hydrochloride injection 100 mg/ml. how many ml should the nurse administer?
The nurse should administer 0.5ml of meperidine hydrochloride injection.
Meperidine hydrochloride is an analgesic drug which acts on the central nervous system used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain which requires opioid treatment. It is a very strong pain killer and sometimes has severe side effects like mood swings, nausea, etc. it may also lead to addiction and thus needs to be taken only in the dosage prescribed by a physician.
Given:
Stock concentration: 100mg/ml
Working concentration: 50mg
To find:
Volume = ?
Formula:
Volume = Working concentration / stock concentration
Calculations:
Volume = 50 / 100
Volume = 0.5ml
Result:
0.5ml of the meperidine hydrochloride injection should be administered by the nurse.
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According to kinetic molecular theory At a temperature of a confined Gas rises which of the following characteristics of the gas molecules increase
A lot of the fundamental ideas of thermodynamics were established with the help of the kinetic theory of gases, a straightforward yet historically significant classical model of the thermodynamic behavior of gases.
According to kinetic molecular theory At a temperature of a confined Gas rises which of the following characteristics of the gas molecules increase
The macroscopic characteristics of gases, such as volume, pressure, and temperature, as well as their transport characteristics, such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and mass diffusivity, are all explained by the kinetic theory of gases. The model also takes into consideration associated phenomena like Brownian motion.
According to the kinetic molecular theory, collisions between gas particles happen in a way that is completely elastic. Consequently, as the temperature rises, the speed at which the gas molecules move also does so. First, the gas molecules' conviction energy rises more quickly. The faster the molecules move, the more frequently they will crash with the container's walls, raising the gas pressure.
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Molarity1. how many moles of koh are contained in 252 ml of 0.960 m potassium hydroxide solution?
The solution of potassium hydroxide with a volume of 252 ml and a concentration of 0.960 m has: 0.24192 mol
To solve this problem, the formula and the procedure that we have to use is:
m = n(solute)/v(solution) L
Where:
m= molarityn = molesm = massInformation about the problem:
v(solution) = 252 mLm = 0.960 mol/Ln (koh) =?By converting the volume units from (ml) to (L) we have;
v(solution) = 252 mL * 1L/1000 mL
v(solution) = 0.252 L
Applying the molarity formula, and clearing the moles we get:
m = n(solute)/v(solution) L
n(solute) = m * v(solution) L
n(koh) = 0.960 mol/L * 0.252 L
n(koh) = 0.24192 mol
What is a solution?In chemistry a solution is known as a homogeneous mixture of two or more components called:
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What’s a good reasoning for this?
Density is a measure of how heavy something is compared to its size. If an object is more dense than water it will sink when placed in water, and if it is less dense than water it will float. Density is a characteristic property of a substance and doesn't depend on the amount of substance.
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If 8.22 g ca(no3)2 is dissolved in enough water to make 0.250 l of solution, what is the molar concentration of ca(no3)2?
8.22 g ca (no3) Enough water is used to dissolve 2 to create a 0.250 l solution.
The solution's molarity is 0.050/0.250 M, or 0.2 M.
How is Molar concentration is defined?
The term "molar concentration" is used to define the concentration of a chemical species, specifically a solute, in a solution. It denotes the quantity of a substance per unit volume of solution. Other synonyms for this phrase include quantity, substance concentration, and molarity.
M = n/V
where, n = no of moles of solute
V = volume of solution
and, M = molarity of the solution.
Molecular weight of Ca(NO3)2 = 164g = 1 mole pf calcium nitrate
Thus, 8.22 g Ca(NO3)2 = 8.22/164 moles. = 0.050 mole
Volume(given) = 0.250l
Therefore, Molarity of the given solution = 0.050/0.250 M = 0.2 M
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The highest possible temperature for a combustible mixture when all the possible chemical heat is released and all of the heat is applied to raising the temperature of the mixture is known as the?
The adiabatic flame temperature is possible chemical heat is released and all of the heat is applied to raising the temperature of the mixture
Energy is released to the combustion products during a combustion event. The temperature of the combustion products, if no heat is lost during this process, is referred to as the "Adiabatic Flame Temperature."Depending on how the operation is carried out, there are two types of adiabatic flame temperature: constant volume and constant pressure. The temperature that arises from a full combustion process that takes place without any work, heat transfer, changes in kinetic or potential energy, or any other process, is known as the constant volume adiabatic flame temperature. Because no energy is used to modify the system's volume, its temperature is higher than in the constant pressure process (i.e., generate work).The adiabatic flame temperature is used to raised the temperature of all mixture.
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Complete combustion of 8.00 g of a hydrocarbon produced 25.7 g of CO2 and 8.77 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula for the hydrocarbon? Insert subscripts as necessary.
Complete combustion of 8.00 g of a hydrocarbon produced 25.7 g of CO₂. The empirical formula for the hydrocarbon is C₄H₇.
What is the empirical formula?The empirical formula of the molecule is the simplest whole number of atoms of a compound.
Moles of C in the compound: 27.8 g CO2 x 1 mol CO2/44 g x 1 mol C/mole CO2 = 0.632 moles of C
Moles of H in the compound: 9.96 g H2O x 1 mol H2O/18 g x 2 mol H/mol H2O = 1.11 moles of H
mass C = 0.632 mol C x 12 g/mol = 7.58 g C
mass H = 1.11 mol H x 1 g/mol = 1.11 g H
Sum = 8.69 g total mass (close enough to 8.70 so our assumption of no oxygen is correct)
To find the lowest whole number of moles, we can divide both by the lowest value (0.632) to obtain.
moles C = 0.632/0.632 = 1.0
moles H = 1.11/0.632 = 1.75
Now to get a whole number for H we can multiply both by 4 to obtain
moles C = 4
moles H = 7
Thus, the Empirical formula is C₄H₇.
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How can a knowledge of chemistry help you be a more informed citizen?
Knowledge of chemistry help you be a more informed citizen in many ways because it is the foundation of our world.
Chemistry and other scientific knowledge can help you assess the evidence offered, create an informed judgement, and take the necessary action.Our basic needs of food, clothes, shelter, health, energy, and pure air, water, and soil are all met by chemistry.It is beneficial to have some knowledge of chemistry because it gives a solid foundation for comprehending the physical universe in which we live. Everything is chemical, for better or worse.Chemistry knowledge is necessary to create synthetic materials, life-saving pharmaceuticals, and spacecraft.A fundamental understanding of chemistry is necessary before one can comprehend why an autumn leaf turns red, why a diamond is hard, or why soap makes us clean.So,Society as we know it, has been greatly influenced by chemistry, from the creation of stronger materials for large-scale construction to the kind of cosmetics you use on a daily basis.
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Describe the Kinetic-potential energy Conversion that occur when a basketball bounces.
Answer:
Hope this helps :)
When a person is holding a basketball, there is potential energy, and when the ball is dropped/bounced then there is potential energy. The basketball has the highest amount of kinetic energy when it is falling and bounces on the floor.
For visible clouds to form, water droplets must cling to
a
Dust
b
Heat
c
Ice
d
Water
Answer:
A. dust
Explanation:
A potential energy function is given by u(x) = (3.00 n/m)x - (1.00 n/m3)x3. at what position or positions is the force equal to zero?'
The position at which force is equal to 0 is +1 and -1.
The potential energy of the function is U.
U = 3x + 1 x²
Force is F.
F = 0
[tex]F = \frac{ - dU}{dx}[/tex]
[tex]F= \frac{ - d(3x + 1x ^{2} }{dx} [/tex]
= ( -3 - 3 x²)
= -3 ( 1+ x²)
As the force is zero.
The position at which force is equal to 0 is,
0 = -3 ( 1 + x ²)
[tex]x = \sqrt{ 1} [/tex]
x = 1
Therefore, the position at which force is equal to 0 is +1 and -1.
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An ice cube weighing 18 g is removed from a freezer where it has been at -20 C. How much heat is required to warm it to 0 c without melting it?
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature from -20° to 0° is 730.8 J.
1) The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat needed to raise its temperature by one degree Celsius. Joules are commonly used to measure the amount of heat (J).
2) The capacity of a substance to produce heat per gram is determined by another attribute called specific heat.
By using the formulae of specific heat capacity
q = m x C x ΔT
q = mxc x (T2 - T1)
q = amount of heat energy
m = mass of sample
C = heat capacity of ice =2.03 (J/g C°)
T2 = final temperature
T = initial temperature
Mass of ice = 18 g
Initial temperature = -20 C
Final temperature = 0°
q = 18×2.03 × (0-(20))
q = 730.8 j
By using the heat capacity formulae we can find the heat energy to raise the temperature .
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4. the first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose. one possible reaction might be:_________
The phosphorylation of glucose occurs first in the glycolysis process. ADP + Glucose-6-phosphate + Glucose (6C) is the product of the same process.
Describe glycolysis.
The metabolic process known as glycolysis turns the molecule glucose (C6H12O6) into pyruvate (CH3COCO2H).
The high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are produced using the free energy produced during this process (NADH).Glycolysis is a set of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Carbohydrates' binding energy is preserved. ATP retention
Glycolysis is one metabolic pathway that doesn't require oxygen (In anaerobic conditions pyruvate is converted to lactic acid). Numerous species commonly undergo glycolysis, indicating that it is an ancient metabolic pathway.
Thus, the reaction involved in the first reaction of glycolysis is
Glucose (6Carbons) + ATP → Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP.
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If a forensic scientist is trying to identify a specific type of white powder, what is one physical test they might do?
Test the rate at which the substance catches fire
Test for how much heat is given off when it is burned
Test for a color change when adding a testing solution
Calculate the density of the powder by adding it to acetone
The first physical test that we will do is flame test, Test the rate at which the substance catches fire.
So in flame test the white powder sample is introduced to a non-luminous, hot flame and observing the colour of the flame and observing the colour of the flame. The main concept behind the flame test is the sample atoms evaporate and since they are hot, they emit light when being in flame.
Here we are looking into the chemical change which is happening to the substance. Burning is a chemical change as new substance is formed with new properties and it cannot be reserved.
So the first physical test a forensic scientist might do is Test the rate at which the substance catches fire.
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What products may be formed when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion? select all that apply.
When a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion it produces carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), heat, and light.
The carbon compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.
Examples of hydrocarbons are compounds like CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, etc.
Based on the presence of double bonds/triple bonds, the hydrocarbons are of three types- alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, as shown in the image.
Alkanes are those hydrocarbons that do not contain any double bond.
Alkenes are those compounds that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms while alkynes contain a triple bond.
All the hydrocarbons mentioned above give the same reaction on their combustion that is
Hydrocarbon + O2 = CO2 + H2O + HEAT + LIGHT
For example,
CH4 + O2 = CO2 + H2O + Heat + Light
Hence, when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion it produces carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), heat, and light.
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The production of uric acid is advantageous to birds because uric acid __________.
The production of uric acid is advantageous to birds because uric acid is safe to store, has little toxicity, and uses little water to excrete when an embryo grows in an egg.
Uric acid is a safe, nontoxic compound that is produced by birds. It is advantageous to birds because it can be stored safely, uses little water to excrete, and is little toxic to embryos. Uric acid is produced as a waste product of purine metabolism and is typically excreted in the urine. However, in birds, uric acid is secreted in the feces. Uric acid has a number of benefits for birds. First, it is safe to store. Second, it uses little water to excrete. Third, it is little toxic to embryos. Uric acid is produced by the liver and is excreted by the kidneys. It is a waste product of purine metabolism and is typically excreted in the urine. However, in birds, uric acid is secreted in the feces. Uric acid has a number of benefits for birds. First, it is safe to store. Second, it uses little water to excrete. Third, it is little toxic to embryos.
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