Coronary artery disease (CAD), which is brought on by the accumulation of plaque in the coronary arteries that feed blood to the heart muscle, is the most frequent cause of heart failure in developed nations.
Reduced blood flow to the heart, known as ischemia, can result from this. Over time, this can harm the heart muscle and result in heart failure. Diabetes, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and hypertension are some additional common causes of heart failure.
Heart failure can occasionally also result from specific treatments, such as chemotherapy, or genetic causes. Breathlessness, exhaustion, swelling in the legs and ankles, and an erratic or rapid heartbeat are all signs of heart failure.
Treatment options include changing one's lifestyle, using drugs to treat symptoms and underlying reasons, and in certain circumstances, using pacemakers or left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) or other devices.
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Where does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) come from? In response to what?
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) is a hormone that is largely synthesised and produced by the cells of the heart's atria (upper chambers).
These cells release ANP in response to increased blood volume and pressure, which occurs when the heart is stretched or overloaded with fluid. The release of ANP helps to regulate blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.ANP acts on the kidneys to increase the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and pressure.
It also acts on the blood vessels to promote vasodilation, which further reduces blood pressure. Additionally, ANP inhibits the release of renin and aldosterone, two hormones that promote the retention of sodium and water in the body.Overall, the release of ANP is an important physiological response to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, and its dysfunction can lead to disorders such as hypertension and heart failure.
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Gradual onset of fatigue, fever, pain in muscle during past 3 weeks, lost 8 lbs, takes no medication, fever, BP 140/95, trunks and extremities has areas of raised, reticular, cyanotic discoloration consistent with lived reticularis. left foot drop. Has p-ANCA. what is diagnosis?
Based on the presented symptoms, the patient may be diagnosed with vasculitis, which is an inflammation of blood vessels. The presence of p-ANCA suggests the possibility of microscopic polyangiitis, which is a type of vasculitis that affects small blood vessels, causing inflammation and damage to tissues and organs.
The muscle pain, fatigue, and weight loss are also common symptoms of vasculitis, and the livedo reticularis (purplish discoloration of the skin) may indicate blood vessel damage. The left foot drop may be caused by nerve damage or compression due to inflammation. Further tests and imaging may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of organ involvement.
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Viscerosomatic reflex: L1 could be
The viscerosomatic reflex is a neurological response in which an organ in the body communicates with the spine, resulting in a response in a specific area of the body.
T9 refers to the ninth thoracic vertebra in the spine, which is located in the middle of the chest. When there is a problem with an organ located in the vicinity of T9, it can trigger a reflex response in the muscles, bones, and tissues in that area of the body. This can result in symptoms such as pain, discomfort, and tension. Treatment for viscerosomatic reflex involves addressing the underlying organ dysfunction, as well as addressing any musculoskeletal issues that may have developed as a result of the reflex response. Chiropractic adjustments, massage therapy, and other forms of physical therapy can be beneficial in treating this condition.
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Summarize the cardiac findings in a patient with a tricuspid valve regurgitation.
Tricuspid valve regurgitation is a condition in which the tricuspid valve does not completely close during systole, causing blood to flow back from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
A patient with tricuspid valve regurgitation may have the following cardiac findings:
1. Systolic murmur most audible at lower left sternal border: The blood flowing from the right ventricle to the right atrium is turbulent, which causes this murmur.
2. The right ventricle may experience a tangible thrill or vibration as a result of the blood's turbulent flow.
3. Tricuspid regurgitation can cause right-sided heart failure, which can show up as ascites, jugular venous enlargement, hepatomegaly, and peripheral edema.
4. Findings from an echocardiogram include the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, the size of the regurgitant jet, and the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy. Echocardiography can confirm the diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation and provide details on the severity of the problem.
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Rashes are so wonderful to classify - what are the key word associated with rashes and what do they mean?
Key terms associated with rashes include macule, papule, vesicle, bulla, pustule, plaque, erythema, pruritus, and excoriation.
There are several key terms associated with rashes:
Macule: a flat, discolored spot on the skin that is less than 1 cm in diameter.
Papule: a raised, solid lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter.
Vesicle: a small, fluid-filled blister that is less than 1 cm in diameter.
Bulla: a large, fluid-filled blister that is more than 1 cm in diameter.
Pustule: a small, raised lesion filled with pus.
Plaque: a raised, flat-topped lesion that is more than 1 cm in diameter.
Erythema: redness of the skin.
Pruritus: itching.
Excoriation: a scratch or abrasion on the skin.
These terms are important for classifying rashes because they help to identify the type of lesion present on the skin, which can provide clues to the underlying cause of the rash.
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Name/define two (2) educational philosophies associated with physical education, exercise science, and sport that would most clearly represent your philosophy. Why?
I agree with a humanistic approach that emphasizes the male or female craze through physical hobbies and sociocultural attitudes that promote fairness and inclusion in sporting activities.
A humanistic approach that emphasizes the individual's subjective experience and focuses on informal growth and self-realization through physical activity is an educational philosophy that aligns with my thinking. This method promotes improved physical, emotional and social well-being while recognizing the importance of the mind-body connection.
A sociocultural approach that recognizes the impact of lifestyle, culture and politics on physical tastes and sports is another theory that fascinates me. To improve the overall well-being of people and their communities, this ideology greatly emphasizes the need to promote equity, social justice, and participation in physical education and sport.
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