what is the name for elements located in group 2 of the periodic table? responses alkali metals alkali metals halogens halogens alkali earth metals alkali earth metals carbon family

From the percentage composition, the empirical formula of nicotine is C₅H₇N.

The mole ratio of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen is 5 : 7 : 1

The empirical formula of a compound is the formula showing the elements combined in the simplest ratio.

The empirical formula of nicotine is calculated as follows:

Mole ratio of Carbon : 74%/12 = 0.06 moles

Mole ratio of Hydrogen : 8.7%/1 = 0.087 moles

Mole ratio of nitrogen : 17.3% / 14 = 0.012 moles

Simplest mole ratio:

Carbon: 0.06/0.012 = 5

Hydrogen: 0.087 / 0.012 = 7

Nitrogen : 0.012 / 0.012 = 1

The empirical formula of nicotine will be C₅H₇N

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A row containing chemical elements makes up a period inside the periodic table. The number electron shells is the same for every atom in a row. Every atom after it in an interval has one additional proton.

Which shells can hold the most electrons?

A maximum of two electrons with the opposite spin can fit in any orbital. A 1s orbital and two electrons are contained within the first shell. 8 electrons are located in the second shell, with 2 in a two electrons & 6 in three triplet state orbitals.

Has every shell got eight electrons?

The octet rule states that most biologically significant elements require 8 electrons in its outermost layer in order for it to survive.

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Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates that are made up of multiple monosaccharide units linked together in a chain. They are an important part of our diet and are found in a variety of foods. There are four major types of polysaccharides: Chitin, Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose. Each type has its own unique characteristics and functions in the body.

Chitin is a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insect cuticles, and other arthropods. It is composed of N-acetylglucosamine units linked together in a chain. Chitin is an important structural component of these organisms and provides them with protection and support.

Starch is a polysaccharide found in plants. It is composed of glucose units linked together in a linear chain. Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants and is an important source of energy for humans.

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals. It is composed of α-1,4-linked glucose units linked together in a large branching chain. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles and serves as an important energy source for the body.

Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants. It is composed of β-1,4-linked glucose units linked together in a long chain. Cellulose is an important structural component of plants and provides them with strength and rigidity.

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On the Xenon atom (Xe) and both of the Iodine atoms, there are three lone pairs and the molar mass of sample is 86.83g/mole..

(a) The central Xenon atom (Xe) of the XeI2 Lewis structure is surrounded by two Iodine atoms. The Xenon atom (Xe) and each iodine atom are connected by two single bonds.

(b) Given that a gaseous sample's mass(m) is 0.3876 grams.

This sample's volume (v) is 142 ml, = 0.142 L, and its temperature (t) is 150 °C, = 150 + 273 , = 423 K

pressure (p) equals 1.09174 atm or 775 torr.

As a result of the equation pv = nRt, n=m/M and M = mRt/pv, which equals 0.3876x0.0821x423/1.0917x0.142, = 13.46068908/0.1550214, = 86.83g/mole.

The resulting molar mass is 86.83g/mole.

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3.12 mg of sample will remain after 39.9 hours if the half life of iodine is 13.3 hours.

Half life of the reaction is the time required for the reactant concentration to decrease to one-half its initial value. The half-life of a first order reaction is a constant that is related to the rate constant for the reaction.

here, Half life of iodine is 13.3 hours. so,

Half life t1/2 = ln 2/ K

                k = 0.693 / t1/2

                   = 0.693 /13.3 hours

                   = 5.21 *10-2

The rate of a reaction is dependent on rate constant which is different for each reaction type. A first-order reaction is a reaction where the rate is dependent on the concentration of only one reactant. Because of this, it is also called a unimolecular reaction. The rate equation for this type of reaction is: Rate constant for first order reaction is,

k= 1/t ln [A]0 / [A]t

t = 39.9 hours

k = 5.21 * 10-2 / hour

putting all the values in the expression of rate constant for first order reaction we get,

[A]t = 3.12mg

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wavelength of light is emitted 1.6µm

The distance between equivalent places in two consecutive light cycles is known as the wavelength of light, and the frequency of light seems to be the number of light cycles that pass a specific spot in a second.

A wavelength is the distance between two identical locations (adjacent crests) throughout successive cycles of a waveform signals that is transmitted by a wire or in space.Typically, this length in wireless systems is specified in metres , centimetres , or millimetres  

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Sweet tea is an example of a mixture. A mixture is defined as a combination of two or more substances in which the individual components are generally still distinguishable and can be separated by physical means.

On the other hand, a compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.Sweet tea is usually composed of tea leaves, sugar, and water. The individual components are still distinguishable and can be separated by physical means such as filtration and evaporation. For example, if sweet tea is left to stand, the tea leaves will settle to the bottom and the sugar will dissolve in the water. Therefore, sweet tea is an example of a mixture and not a compound.

In conclusion, sweet tea is an example of a mixture and not a compound because the individual components are still distinguishable and can be separated by physical means. It is composed of tea leaves, sugar, and water, which are combined to create a unique flavor and taste.

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The experimental percentage yield is the ratio of the actual yield of the product of a reaction to its theoretical yield multiplied by 100.

Percentage yield of a reaction is used to study the efficiency of a chemical reaction. It is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100.

The actual yield of a reaction is the experimentally obtained value and it will be less than theoretical yield which is derived from the balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

For example if 5 g be the actual yield of the product in a reaction, but the theoretical or expected yield derived from the equation be 7 g.

then the percentage yield  = 5 /7 × 100 = 71.4 %.

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Within the visible spectrum, violet has the shortest wavelength while red has the longest.

The colors of the rainbow are known as VIBGYOR, and they are listed below in ascending order of their wavelength: Red, Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, and orange. Red has a wavelength of 700 nanometers, while violet has a wavelength of about 380 nanometers. Since frequency and wavelength are known to be inversely correlated, rays of red light have the lowest frequency and the highest wavelength value.This shows that of all types of radiation, red light waves have the lowest number of waves per second.

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The electron geometry of CFCl3 is tetrahedral. In the tetrahedral shape,  the molecule has four atoms.

CFCl3, also known as trichlorofluoromethane, is a molecule made up of one carbon atom and three chlorine atoms. To draw the Lewis dot structure of CFCl3, we first need to draw the skeletal structure of the molecule, which shows the arrangement of the atoms. The skeletal structure of CFCl3 is as follows:

C – Cl – Cl – Cl

Next, we need to add the valence electrons to each atom. Carbon has 4 valence electrons, while chlorine has 7. We can draw the Lewis dot structure of CFCl3 by adding the valence electrons to each atom like this:

C: . . . .

Cl: . . . . . . .

Cl: . . . . . . .

Cl: . . . . . . .

In this Lewis dot structure, each chlorine atom has a full octet (8 valence electrons), while the carbon atom has an octet plus one (9 valence electrons). The overall electron geometry of CFCl3 is tetrahedral, which means that the molecule has four atoms arranged in a tetrahedron shape. The molecular geometry of CFCl3 is also tetrahedral, which means that the actual arrangement of the atoms in the molecule is a tetrahedron.

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There is a Carbon atom (C) at the core of the COBr2 Lewis structure, which is surrounded by two Bromine atoms (Br) and one Oxygen atom (O). Between the carbon (C) and oxygen (O) atoms, there is a double bond, while between the carbon (C) and bromine (Br), there is a single bond.

The following formula is used to determine the steric number: Number of lone electron pairs on the core atom times the Steric Number plus (number of atoms bonded to the central atom)

The idea of steric number is particularly helpful because it informs us of the quantity of hybridized orbitals that exist. Thus, you sum up to determine the steric number.

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If iodine has a 13.3 hour half life, 3.12 mg of the original sample will still be present after 39.9 hours.

The reaction rate must decrease to half its initial value before the process has reached its half life. The split of that first order chemical reaction is a quantity related to the rate constant of the reaction.

Briefing:

Given, the iodine half-life is 13.3 hours. As a result, half-life t1/2 Equals ln 2/ K

k = 0.693 .... t1/2

≈ 0.693 /13.3 hours

= 5.21 *10-2

The rate law sets the flow timetime is set by the rate law, which varies for each emotion. When only one reactant's quantity influences the speed of chemical reaction, this is referred to as a first-order contact. Because of this, it is occasionally referred to as unimolecular process. The rate is as follows for this type of reaction: k= 1/t ln [A]0 / [A] is the rate constant for the first order reaction. 5.21 * 10-2 hours are in 39.9 hours.

By including all the numbers in the initial order reaction's rate constant equation, we obtain [A].

t = 3.12mg

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The number of grams of aluminum required to prepare 125.0 g of chromium metal by the first reaction is approximately 32.4 g.

To calculate the number of grams of aluminum required to prepare 125.0 g of chromium metal, you need to balance the chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum and chromium oxide to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.

Here is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

Al + Cr2O3 -> 2 Cr + Al2O3

From the balanced equation, we can see that for every mole of aluminum that reacts, 2 moles of chromium are produced. We can use the molar masses of aluminum and chromium to determine the mass of aluminum required to produce a given mass of chromium.

The molar mass of aluminum is 26.98 g/mol, and the molar mass of chromium is 52.00 g/mol. Using these values, we can calculate the mass of aluminum required to produce 125.0 g of chromium as follows:

125.0 g Cr / 52.00 g/mol = 2.40 moles Cr

2.40 moles Cr * (1 mole Al / 2 moles Cr) = 1.20 moles Al

1.20 moles Al * 26.98 g/mol = 32.4 g Al

Therefore, the number of grams of aluminum required to prepare 125.0 g of chromium metal by the first reaction is approximately 32.4 g.

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The concentration of citric acid if its volume is 25ml and the titrated volume of the standard solution of 0.75M is 0.372M (option C).

Molarity or molar concentration is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number moles of solute per litre of solution.

The molar concentration of a diluted solution can be calculated using the following formula:

CaVa = CbVb

Where;

According to this question, the volume of a citric acid solution is 25 ml and the titrated volume of the standard solution of 0.75 M is 12.4 ml. The concentration of the citric acid solution can be calculated as follows:

25 × Ca = 12.4 × 0.75

25Ca = 9.3

Ca = 9.3/25

Ca = 0.372M

Therefore, 0.372M is the concentration of the citric acid solution.

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When 0.55 grams of solid calcium chloride, is dissolved in 250 ml of water, the pH of the solution is 1.7.

given that :

mass of sodium chloride , CaCl₂ = 0.55 g

volume = 250 ml = 0.25 L

moles of sodium chloride = mass / molar mass

                                           = 0.55 / 111

                                            = 0.00495 mol

the molarity expression is given as :

Molarity = moles / volume in L

               = 0.00495 / 0.25

               = 0.0198 M

pH = - log (0.0198 )

     = 1.7

The pH of the solution which contains the 0.55 g of sodium chloride in the water of 250 ml is 1.7.

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Photosynthesis produces glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) which is stored in the form of starch, and oxygen (O₂) which will be released. To be able to carry out photosynthesis, it takes carbon dioxide (CO₂) which is taken from the air through the stomata. In addition, water (H₂O) is also needed which is taken from the soil by the roots, then distributed to the leaves through the xylem.

In photosynthesis, sunlight energy reacts with six molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and six molecules of water (H₂O) to produce one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) and six molecules of oxygen (O₂). With the equation:

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light = C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

From these results CO₂ is converted into solid glucose for plants to consume along with water. While oxygen (O₂) is released into the air.

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The atomic packing factor for HCP is 0.74.

(a) APF=  (no. of atoms/cells)(Volume of each atom)/ Volume of unit cell

For the HCP crystal structure, the ideal c/a ratio is 1.633.

(b) (c/2)² = a²- sk

What is a crystal structure?

In crystallography, a crystal structure is a description of the regular arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules within a crystalline material. The ordered structure results from the inherent property of constituent particles to form symmetrical patterns that repeat along the main directions of the three-dimensional space of matter.

The smallest group of particles in the material that make up this repeating pattern is the unit cell of the structure. A unit cell perfectly reflects the symmetry and structure of the entire crystal. It is constructed by repeatedly moving the unit cell along the principal axis. The translation vector defines the nodes of the Bravais lattice.

The length of the long axis or edge of the unit cell and the angle between them is the lattice constant, also called the lattice parameter or cell parameter. Crystal symmetry is described by the space group concept. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space can be described by the 230 space group.

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[BrF4] - is a non-polar molecule.

A molecule's polarity reveals whether the electron cloud is evenly distributed among its atoms or whether an electronegative atom is having an impact on the electron density. The behavior and reactivity of the molecule will be influenced by the electron distribution. For instance, if you know a chemical's polarity, you may anticipate which solvents would work best with it.

Despite the fact that they are both homogeneous solutions on their own, water and oil do not mix well. A more thorough examination of the polar forces influencing the two solutions will shed light on this phenomenon.

it is called Tetrafluoroborate ion

Bond order = 0.5

[BrF4] - is a non-polar molecule.

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The heat released by 4.44 mol of the ideal monatomic gas of a carnot engine is 991 J. the low temperature (388 k) contraction ends at 55.5 l.. the volume at the beginning of this contraction is 51.82 L.

Using the expression is given as :

W = n RT ln (Vf / Vi)

991 J = 4.44 mol × 8.314 J / mol K × 388 ln (55.5 / Vi )

991 = 14322.69 ×  ln  (55.5 / Vi )

0.0691 =   ln  ( 55.5 / Vi )

(55.5 / Vi ) = 1.071

Vi = 51.82 L

The initial volume of the monoatomic gas is 51.85 L.

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A 4.08 M solution of a weak acid is found to have a pH of 1.06, then it's pKa is calculated as 2.72.

In chemistry, pH potential of hydrogen is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions. Water has neutral pH of 7 which implies that it is neither acidic or basic. The scale ranges from 0 to 14.

− log [H+] = pH= 1.06

[H+] = 10^(-1.06)

=[H+]^2 / [HA]i - [H+]

= (10^-1.06* 10^-1.06) / (4.08 - 10^(-1.06))

Ka = 1.901 *10^-3 M

pKa = - log (Ka)

= - log (1.901 *10^-3)

pKa = 2.72

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Stoichiometry interconverting number of atoms and mass of compound that contains million (1.ox106), the mass of glucose (C6H,206, carbon atoms is 110.00 gm.

The relationship between the quantities of reactants and products prior to, during, and after chemical processes is known as stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass, which states that the sum of the masses of the reactants and products must equal one another. This realization led scientists to conclude that the ratio of positive integers is typically formed by the relationships between the quantities of the reactants and products. This means that the amount of the product may be determined if the amounts of the individual reactants are known. On the other hand, if the amount of one reactant is known and the amount of the products can be computed using empirical data, the amount of the other reactants can likewise be calculated. This is seen in the following figure, where the balanced equation reads: CO2 + 2 H2O CH4 + 2 O2

In this reaction, two molecules of oxygen gas combine with one methane molecule to form carbon dioxide and two molecules of water. A full combustion is demonstrated in this chemical equation. To ascertain the quantity of products and reactants generated or required in a particular process, stoichiometry examines these quantitative correlations. Reaction stoichiometry is the description of the quantitative interactions between substances as they take part in chemical processes.

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The solar nebula was (a) rock and metal.

The solar system has evolved significantly since its birth. Many moons formed from disks of gas and dust orbiting their parent planets, while others are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. Moreover, like Earth's Moon, it could also be the result of a giant impact. Collisions between celestial bodies continue to occur to this day and are central to the evolution of the solar system. Due to gravitational interactions, the planets may be misaligned [2]. It is now believed that this planetary migration was responsible for much of the early development of the solar system. Known as the

Nebula Hypothesis, this model was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Subsequent developments have interwoven various scientific disciplines, including astronomy, chemistry, geology, physics and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of exoplanets in the 1990s, models have been challenged and refined to explain new observations.

The solar nebula was a disk-shaped cloud of gas and dust composed of rock and metal particles, hydrogen compounds (such as water, methane, and ammonia), and a mixture of hydrogen and helium. This mixture of materials is what eventually coalesced to form the sun, planets, and other objects in the solar system.

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The willingness—and occasionally the self-interest—of the agency's heads might make it difficult for them to cooperate and coordinate. Elected executive officeholders have a great deal of control over their personnel systems and have closely preserved this privilege.

In Texas, the governor's ability to manage the bureaucracy is constrained by three factors: (1) limited appointment, removal, and directive powers; (2) lack of a true executive budget; and (3) fragmentation of the executive. Important arguments in favor of decentralizing government include the fact that it fosters an effective and dependable administration, intensifies and enhances local development, better assures the local population's rights to an effective voice in politics, and better defends minorities.

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They don't take up much room in the package so because target is so little. The target, which is quite small, stands in for the gold nuclei used in the Rutherford experiment.

The size of a container is 12 inches in length, 6 inches broad, & 5 inches tall. Size is the entire lot of physical area that a people or item occupies. What about size of a coin, the beetle. Equal in size are the twins.

Shape refers to appearance, figure, or what form something has, such as a triangle with three sides, a square with four equal sides, a rectangle with four sides, etc. Size is defined as a measurement or set of dimensions. Because the notebook is rectangular in shape, its size may be determined by its length and width.

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Answer:

122.18mL

Explanation:

P1V1 = P2V2

V2 = P1V1/P2

P1 = 85.0mL

V1 = 2.30 atm

P2 = 1.60 atm

V2 = ?

V2 = 85 × 2.30/1.6

V2 = 195.5/1.6

V2 = 122.18 mL

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The light observed in a flame test is the emission that occurs when an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level.

This occurs because the electron loses energy in the form of light as it moves from one energy level to another. The light emitted is dependent on the type of cation that is present in the flame. Different cations will emit different wavelengths of light due to their unique energy levels.

This is why a flame test is used to identify different elements and compounds. Additionally, infrared (IR) radiation is also emitted by the cation in the flame. This radiation is emitted due to the vibrations of the cation's molecules as they are excited by the heat of the flame. The amount of infrared radiation emitted is also dependent on the type of cation present.

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Answer:s03

Explanation:

According to the rules of nomenclature,

B2Cl2 - DiBoron Dichloride

BaCl2 - BariumChloride

Crcl3 - ChromiumChloride

According to the rules of nomenclature,

B2Cl2 - DiBoron Dichloride

BaCl2 - BariumChloride

Crcl3 - ChromiumChloride

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Complete this table relating the values of E cell and ΔG to the Q/K ratio, given below:

In an electrochemical cell, the potential difference between two half cells is measured by the cell potential, or Ecell. The capacity of electrons to go from one half cell to the other is what determines the potential difference.

The following is how the Nernst equation may be represented for measurements made at 298K. E = E₀ - 0.0592/n log10 Q.

As a result, according to the Nernst equation, the reaction quotient determines the overall potential of an electrochemical cell.

Because they are not spontaneous, electrolytic cells, which are reactions that only take place with the input of an external energy source, are considered negative. They're spontaneous if Ecell is positive.

The completed table is given below:

Q/K            Ecell            delta G

<1               >0                  <0

=1               =0                  =0

>1               <0                  >0

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There is 2.0 an of current flowing through a load. 8.0V of electricity is present across the load. The load has a 4W resistance.

A circuit's opposition to current flow is measured by its resistance. The Greek letter omega () stands for ohms, which are used to measure resistance. Georg Simon Ohm (1784–1854), a German physicist who examined the connection between voltage, current, and resistance, is the subject of the name "Ohm."

Resistance is the degree to which a substance obstructs or opposes an electric current. Flowing electrons are referred to as electric current. Imagine a person in a busy market who is having difficulty moving from one shop to another. This is a simple approach to illustrate resistance. The ohm is the SI unit for measuring electric resistance. 1 Ω = 1 V/A.

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