The result when a macrophage or dendritic cell phagocytizes a microbe and processes is that display of microbial antigen - MHC II complexes on the cell surface. So the correct option is C.
What is a macrophage?Macrophages are immune system cells derived from monocytes which are bone marrow precursor cells that will pass through the capillaries to become macrophages in the blood. Their function is to ingest microbes and bacteria to protect the system.
When ingesting the microbes, they will expose antigens on their membrane, the molecules of the major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC II) in order to be recognized by the helper T lymphocytes and these will produce lymphokines that will activate the B lymphocytes.
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is C. display of microbial antigen - MHC II complexes on the cell surface.
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Question 26 (3 points) Which of the following is NOT product of transcription? A)a new strand of DNA B) rRNA tRNA D) mRNA E) None of the answers are correct; all of these are products of transcription:
'A new strand of DNA' does not refer to a product of transcription. Thus, option 'A' pertains to the correct answer.
Transcription refers to the method of creating an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. The copy which is also called mRNA or messenger RNA carries the gene's protein information encoded in DNA. In simple words, the process by which DNA is copied to RNA is known as transcription. In regard to DNA transcription, a new strand of DNA is not supposed to be a product of the transcription.
Thus, as per the options given in this question, the only correct answer is being held by option A, which is as 'a new strand of DNA' is not a product of transcription.
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A shipping container in the shape of a rectangular solid must have a volume of 120 cubic meters. The client tells the manufacturer that, because of the contents, the length of the container must be five meters longer than the width, and the height must be one meter less than twice the width. What should the dimensions of the container be? A. Write a Polynomial Functions f(x) that models the Volume of the container and Polynomial Equation.
The volume of the shape is modeled by the equation;
V(x) = x^3 + 4x^2 - 5x
What is the volume?Generally, we could think of the volume as the space that has been occupied by an object. As such, we know that the volume of the shape is the product of the length and the width and the breadth of the rectangular shape.
Let the breadth of the rectangle be x and we know that;
Length = x + 5
Height = x - 1
We can now write the volume of the shape as;
V = x(x + 5) (x - 1)
V = x[x^2 - x + 5x - 5)
V = x[x^2 + 4x - 5]
V(x) = x^3 + 4x^2 - 5x
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An athlete does a chin-up by lifting her 42.0-kg body at a distance of 0.25 m in 2 seconds. What is the power performed by the athlete? Please respond in 1–2 complete sentences using your best grammar.
The power performed by the athlete will be 51.45W.
what is power?Power is simply The SI unit for this is Watts, and its definition is the quantity of energy that is turned into one unit.
Power = Energy/time
Force = ma = 42 kg × 9.8m/s² = 411.6N.
Energy = Force × distance
= 411.6N × 0.25m = 102.9J
Then Power = 102.9J/2s = 51.45W
Types of power?some of the types of power are;
Average power.Mechanical power.Electrical power.Peak power and duty cycle.Radiant power.learn more about power here:
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The power performed by the athlete will be 51.5W.
What is Power?Power is simply The SI unit for this is Watts, and its definition is the quantity of energy that is turned into one unit.
Formula for Power; Power = Energy expended / time
Types of PowerAverage power.Mechanical power.Electrical power.Peak power and duty cycle.Radiant power.Force = ma = 42 kg × 9.8m/s² = 411.6N.
Work done = Force × distance
Work done = 411.6N × 0.25m = 102.9J
Therefore; Power = 102.9J/2s = 51.5W
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Human blood types are, in part, determined by the ABO system. the allele frequency for blood type IA is 0.3, and IB is 0.1. What is the frequency of B-type individuals in a population?
This indicates that although each person can only have two different alleles, there are three different alleles present in the population: IA, IB, and i. the frequency is 0.6.
What percentage of the population carries the IA allele?There are three alleles of the human gene that determines the ABO blood group. The frequency of the IA allele in a population of 1000 persons is.3, whereas the number of those with type O blood in the population is .36.
What name is given to the shifts in population allele frequencies over generations?Genetic drift is the generational shift in allele frequencies in a population that results from random events. Genetic drift is actually a change brought on by "sampling error" while choosing the alleles for the following generation from the gene pool of the current generation.
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Explain how industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide, sulfates, and nitrogen oxides affect forests and croplands far away.
Industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide, sulfates, and nitrogen oxides affect forests and croplands far away. Because these gases, when combined with water vapor, also cause acid rain.
What are the effects of the chemical gases and acid rain?Sulfur dioxide, sulfates, and nitrogen oxides, which are produced by industries, pollute the environment and cause eye and skin irritation when they combine with water vapor. When these gases combine with the cloud, they form acid rain, which can destroy crop land and forests due to its acidic nature. These gases have many other effects too.
Hence, Industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide, sulfates, and nitrogen oxides affect forests and croplands far away by causing acid rain,
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Approximately 4000 years ago, a small number of people settled in areas of Finland and became separated from the rest of the population. These people reproduced, but due to the low number of people, it caused a loss of genetic diversity in the subsequent offspring, which caused many disorders to arise. These disorders are collectively known as Finnish heritage diseases. This event was so significant that even today, one in five Finnish people carry at least one gene related to a Finnish heritage disease. A man and a woman, both of Finnish heritage are aware of this, so they see a genetic counselor. They are interested in having a child but fear they may pass on a disease. They have their DNA analyzed and it comes back that they are both carriers for the recessive disease known as megaloblastic anemia, a type of anemia common in Finnish descent. Thankfully, if they have an affected child, it is treatable. a) What is the probability that, if they have a child, it will have megaloblastic anemia? b) Let’s say they decide to have three children total. What is the probability that all three children would have the disease? c) What is the probability that, if they have three children, none of them will have the disease?
50% is the probability that they have a child will have megaloblastic anemia
What is megaloblastic anemia?
Megaloblastic anemia is a form of macrocytic anemia, a blood disorder that happens when your bone marrow produces stem cells that make abnormally large red blood cells. Megaloblastic anemia is a type of vitamin deficiency anemia that happens when you don't get enough vitamin B12 and/or vitamin B9 (folate).
Moreover, deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid are the leading causes of megaloblastic anemia. Folic acid is present in food such as green vegetables, fruits, meat, and liver.
Hence, the most common causes of megaloblastic anemia are deficiency of either cobalamin (vitamin B12) or folate (vitamin B9). These two vitamins serve as building blocks and are essential for the production of healthy cells such as the precursors to red blood cells.
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Part A
All of the following are functions of blood except
a. transporting gases and hormones
b. regulating pH:
c. defending against pathogens
d. regulating ion concentration
e. generating action potentials
Answer:
B. Regulating pH
According to the Residency Review Committee, the training program for an Internist should include:
1) Geriatrics, pediatrics, dermatology, ophthalmology
2) Psychiatry, neurology, orthopedics, dermatology
3) otolaryngology, orthopedics, and dermatology,office gynecology,ophthalmology
4) Office gynecology, orthopedics. Otolaryngology
According to the Residency Review Committee, the training program for an Internist should include Geriatrics, pediatrics, dermatology, ophthalmology.
Dermatologists treat conditions affecting both adult and pediatric patients' skin, hair, nails, and surrounding mucous membranes. All diseases are recognized, including viral infections, skin cancer, tumors, and inflammatory skin problems. They also do skin biopsies and other dermatology-related surgical procedures. Pediatricians identify and manage their patients' conditions from infancy through adolescence. Pediatricians not only offer preventative care but also identify and treat common children ailments including asthma, allergies, and croup. Geriatrics, also referred to as geriatric medicine, is a field of medicine that specializes in treating the unique medical needs of the elderly. The term "geriatrics" has its roots in the Greek words geron, which means "old man," and iatros, which means "healer."
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Dietary iron derived from hemoglobin and myoglobin in food
Dietary iron comes from hemoglobin and myoglobin in foods including beans, fish, meat, and spinach.
What are hemoglobin and myoglobin?Hemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells or erythrocytes consisting of globin and heme consisting of a porphyrin ring with one iron atom (ferrous). Globin consists of 4 polypeptide chains, namely 2 alpha polypeptide chains and 2 beta polypeptide chains.
Myoglobin as a mobile carrier for oxygen is formed in muscle tissue in response to the demand for oxygen in mitochondria. The function of myoglobin as a storage of oxygen in the body plays an important role in maintaining the body's physiological functions so that it can adapt to the environment.
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Which choice best describes the antimicrobial activities in the mouth?
a. IgA secreted into the mucus coating prevents pathogen binding.
b. production of enzymes that degrade bacterial peptidoglycan.
c. hydrochloric acid denatures proteins and killing many microbes.
The antimicrobial activities in the mouth are hydrochloric acid denatures proteins and killing many microbes.
The capability of an hydrochloric acid activating pathogen-killing compounds is not a part of insect immunity,There has recently been an increase in interest in trehalose metabolism for therapeutic applications due to trehalose's relevance in numerous pathogenic species.The most significant biosynthetic process is the enzyme TPP (trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase) (OtsAB).
Here, five important nematode and bacterial pathogens' recombinant TPPs, including three new members of this protein family, are compared for their enzyme characteristics.
The kinetics of the hydrolysis of trehalose-6-phosphate show that all five enzymes display burst-like kinetic behaviour, which is characterised by a decrease in enzymatic rate beyond the pre-steady state.
The observed super-stoichiometric burst amplitudes can be explained by many global conformational changes that occur in members of this enzyme family during substrate processing.
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Chromosomes 1-44. Non-sec chromosomes.
Unlike the sex chromosomes, an autosome is a numbered chromosome.Unlike the sex chromosomes, autosomes are numbered chromosomes.One set of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs or autosomes are present in each human.
A SEC chromosome is what?A specific form of chromosome responsible for determining sex is called a sex chromosome.The twin sex chromosomes, the X and Y, found in humans and the majority of other mammals, together define an individual's sex.Male cells include one X and one Y chromosome, while female cells contain two X chromosomes.
Are there 44 chromosomes in humans?However, it is also feasible to decrease to 44.The most likely way to reach the more permanent 44 chromosomes is for two individuals who have the same balanced transposition to conceive a child together.When two people who are closely connected have children, this can occur.
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select the part whose main job is to use energy from sunlight to make sugar in a plant cell.
chloroplast is the part whose main job is to use energy from sunlight to make sugar in a plant cell.
A plastid or chloroplast is a membrane-bound organelle that primarily performs photosynthesis in plant and algal cells. While releasing oxygen from water in the cells, the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight, transforms it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle is the mechanism by which organic molecules are produced from carbon dioxide using ATP and NADPH. Other tasks performed by chloroplasts in plants include the synthesis of fatty acids, amino acids, and the immunological response.
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two distinguishing factors of the epsilonproteobacteria that they are motile and microaerophilic. group of answer choices true false
The two distinguishing factors of the epsilon proteobacteria that they are motile and microaerophilic is a true statement.
Epsilon proteobacteria are significant chemo lithotrophic primary producers in deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems, where they are frequently the predominant bacterial lineage in vent plumes and deposits as well as nearby microbial mats.
One hundred or more different types of bacteria make up the class Epsilon proteobacteria, which is known as the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis globally. This group includes Campylobacter jejuna.
Proteobacteria are linked to extraintestinal and gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, studies also point to a role in lung conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but there is little evidence to support this.
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Genetic variation among humans is relatively small when compared to other species. Where in the human genome does most of the diversity occur?
in the mitochondrial DNA
in single nucleotide-polymorphisms
in sequences that code for tRNA
in the homeotic genes
In single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Why do humans have less genetic diversity than other species?Since all humans have a common ancestor, only a tiny subset of variations varies significantly in frequency between groups. Due to stochastic sampling error, small populations typically lose genetic diversity more quickly than large populations (i.e., genetic drift).
Do humans differ from other species in terms of genetic diversity more or less?When a species' nucleotide diversity is greater than 5%, it is said to be genetically hyperdiverse. Nucleotide diversities in most plants and animals are less than that quantity. Humans, by way of comparison, have a nucleotide diversity of roughly 0.1%, according to Cutter.
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The smallest ______ bacteria are only ________ across.
Answer: The smallest Mycoplasma Gallisepticum bacteria are only 0.2 to 0.3 micrometers across.
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Which of the following can result in a frameshift mutation? Circle each correct answer. A. deletion B. substitution C. insertion
Frameshift mutation can result in deletion and insertion. Option A and c are the correct answers.
What is frameshift mutation?This occurs as a result of the addition or deletion of a base pair or base pair in the DNA of a gene giving rise to the translation of the genetic code in a way that is not a natural reading frame from the position of the mutation to the end of the gene.
frameshift mutation results due to the fact that genetic code is read in triplets, addition or subtraction of one or two nucleotides will cause a shift in the reading frame.
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Which of the following features are unique to meiosis?
A) synapsis
B) homologous recombination
C) reduction division
D) A and B
E) A, B and C
E) A, B and C. Synapsis, homologous recombination, and reduction division are characteristics that are exclusive to meiosis.
What distinguishes the meiotic process?Meiosis and mitosis are distinct from one another in addition to the reduction in the number of chromosomes.Meiosis specifically produces novel genetic material combinations each of the four daughter cells.These novel pairings are the result of DNA switching between linked chromosomes.
What three things are peculiar to meiosis?Homologous chromosomal pairing, crossover, and tetrad formation are among the actions that take place in mitosis but not during mitosis.
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what is the clinical significance of bronchopulmonary segments? what is the clinical significance of bronchopulmonary segments? bronchopulmonary segments separate the lungs into the two lobes of the left lung and the three lobes of the right lung. the bronchopulmonary segments allow persons with severe copd to breathe using only the undamaged segments. bronchopulmonary segments divide the thoracic cavity into three separate segments, the central mediastinum and two lateral compartments, which limits the spread of infection. bronchopulmonary segments limit the spread of some diseases within the lungs, because infections do not readily cross the connective tissue partitions between them.
The trachea is divided into two principal bronchi with the aid of bronchopulmonary segments, which have clinical relevance.
Why are bronchopulmonary segments important?Since each segment has an own pulmonary arterial branch, the bronchopulmonary segment is a section of the lung that receives blood from a separate bronchus and artery. Each segment is physically and functionally distinct, enabling a single segment to be surgically removed without having an impact on its surrounding segments.
What function do bronchopulmonary segments serve in medicine?Because infections do not easily traverse the connective tissue barriers between them, bronchopulmonary segments restrict the transmission of several diseases within the lungs.
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What do the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems have in common?
The digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems all transport materials, fluid and nutrients throughout the body.
What roles do circulatory, digestive and respiratory systems play?The circulatory system circulates blood throughout the body. The respiratory system collects oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. To release nutrients, the digestive system breaks down food.
All these essential systems in the body functions to transport body fluid, nutrients and materials around the body to target organs where they are needed. The digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems all work together to eliminate waste while also absorbing necessary nutrients and compounds.
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A goal of genomics is to ________.
A) provide a way to produce large quantities of a particular gene product
B) understand the mechanisms that control gene expression
C) manipulate genetic material for human purposes
D) regulate how genes are expressed without changing the protein they encode
PLEASE HELP, TYSM :))
in the production of the sweet, sterile banana that is typically found in supermarkets, asexual reproduction is often used. what is the risk involved in this method of growing bananas?
It generates offspring with the same genes and characteristics as the parent plant.
What is meant by asexual reproduction?Asexual reproduction is also a type of reproduction where a single parent produces a new offspring. The newly produced individuals are genetically and physically identical to one another, i.e., they are clones of their parents.The main disadvantage of asexual reproduction is that it produces offspring with the same genes and characteristics as the parent plant. Asexual reproduction is disadvantageous when a species needs to adapt to changing environments because offspring are genetically identical.In the absence of a mate, the organism can reproduce, producing offspring that are usually clones of the parent. Binary fission, budding, vegetative propagation, spore formation (sporogenesis), fragmentation, parthenogenesis, and apomixis are the various types of asexual reproduction.To learn more about asexual reproduction refer to :
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in the past decade, there have been many volcanic eruptions. after an eruption, the lava flow leaves behind only bare rock, providing a surface for primary succession. which statement describes an important function provided by the first organisms to colonize the area that facilitates colonization by other organisms in later stages of succession? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices small mammals bring seeds to the area, rock weathering creates soil, and plants can grow, so that other organisms are able to colonize and feed on the plants. r-selected strategists, grasses, and insects move in and quickly blanket the area with vegetation, so that other organisms can colonize the area. rock is broken down by rock weathering and the lichens and mosses that have moved in, providing soil for other organisms to colonize the area. k-selected strategists move in and form established communities that facilitate the arrival of other species to colonize the area.
Lichens decompose the rocks after an earthquake or volcanic eruption to create new, nutrient-rich soils. Primary succession is the name given to this procedure.
The mosses and lichens that have colonized the area assist in weathering the rock, which breaks it down and enables other species to live in soil. When a volcanic explosion like those on Hawaii's Big Island occurs, for example, or when exposed rock is created. Primary succession is the name given to this procedure. New land is continuously formed when the volcanic lava flows into the ocean. The pioneer species can eventually be replaced by less hardy species thanks to the assistance of these species in further decomposing the mineral-rich volcanic lava into soil. Additionally, when these early species grow and perish, they contribute to.
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Polysynaptic reflexes involve multiple synapses while monosynaptic reflexes only involve a single synapse. (True or False)
True, Polysynaptic reflexes involve multiple synapses while monosynaptic reflexes only involve a single synapse.
The point of electric nerve impulse transmission between two nerve cells (neurons), or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell, is referred to as a synapse. It is also known as a neuronal junction (effector). A neuromuscular junction is a synaptic link between a neuron and a muscle cell.
Each terminal, or endpoint, of a nerve fiber (presynaptic fiber) swells to form a knoblike structure at a chemical synapses. This structure is separated from the postsynaptic fiber of an adjacent neuron by a small area called the synaptic cleft. An average synaptic cleft measures 0.02 micron in width.
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compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the
Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the intercostal muscles are not well developed.
What is intercostal muscles?
Intercostal muscles are those found inside the rib cage. The muscles that fill the gap between the ribs are composed of three layers: the outermost, middle, and innermost.
What are the intercostal muscles used for?
The auxiliary respiratory muscles are located within the intercostals. They make forced expiration possible by depressing the ribs, reducing the diameter of the thoracic cavity, and forcing air out of the lungs along with the innermost intercostals.
Where are the intercostal muscles found?
There are two types of these muscles: internal and external intercostals, which are located between the ribs.
The internal intercostal muscles, located inside the ribcase, extend from the front of the ribs and turn around to the back, past the bend in the ribs.
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what animal would best fit into the x spot in this food chain: grass > beetle > x > rat snake > fox?
what animal would best fit into the x spot in this food chain: grass > beetle > x > rat snake > fox . mouse will fit in x spot
A food chain explains which organism in the ecosystem consumes another. The food chain is a succession of living things that transmits nutrients and energy from one organism to the next. When one organism ingests another, this happens. Following the chain, it starts with the producer organism and finishes with the decomposer organism. We become aware of how one organism depends on another for survival once we understand the food chain.
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Data Table 2: Sodium Hypochlorite SDS information ItemsSDS InformationPhysical StateRoute of Exposure & SymptomsProtective EquipmentFirst Aid ProceduresFire-fighting MeasuresChemical ReactivitySafe StorageSafe DisposalEnvironmental/ EcotoxicitySpill Cleanup Procedures
The completed table mentioned below about Sodium Hypochlorite SDS information:
What is Sodium Hypochlorite SDS?Safety Data Sheets, formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets, are comprehensive information documents prepared by manufacturers or importers of hazardous chemicals. Contains a description of the chemical and physical properties of the product.
Items: SDS
Physical State: liquid
Exposure Pathway and symptoms:
Sodium hypochlorite is toxic if swallowed and can cause burns, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, diarrhea, shock, and coma. death can occur. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to the substance may be delayed. Inherently corrosive to body tissue
Protective instruments -
Wear suitable protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to avoid exposure to thermal decomposition products. Material is non-flammable. Extinguishing agent: Use water spray, dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, or suitable foam.
First aid procedure according to accidents -
Eyes: Immediately wash eyes with plenty of water for more than 15 minutes, while lifting the upper and lower eyelids occasionally.Skin: Apply medication immediately.Ingestion: Avoid inducing vomiting.Inhalation: Get medical help as soon as possible.Notes for Physician: Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive.Fire extinguishing measures -
Anhydrous sodium hypoclorite is highly explosive in nature. Extinguishing agent: Use appropriate means to extinguish surrounding fires. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers to dilute liquids and control vapors.
Chemical reactivity -
On heating, it may release chlorine gas or hydrochloric acid.Vigorous reaction with oxidizable or organic materials may end up resulting in fire. Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water fog or spray are to be used.Safe storehouse -
Sodium hypochlorite is diluted to maintain a pH above 10 and is not susceptible to UV degradation, and is filtered and contaminant-free. Best stored at temperatures near or below 60°F (15°C) for maximum shelf life. radiation and heat.
Safe disposal -
Place into covered containers for disposal or wash with plenty of water. Hypochlorite as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact the environmental protection department.
Environmental hazard/ecotoxicity -
Sodium hypochlorite is highly toxic to aquatic life. However, the substance is so reactive that when sodium hypochlorite is flushed down domestic drains, it reacts with organic matter and is removed before it reaches the environment. Chlorine does not stay in the atmosphere.
Spill clean up steps -
Clean up spills immediately while observing the precautions in the Personal Protective Equipment section. Clean up spills with absorbent, non-combustible material such as dirt, sand, or vermiculite.
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motor control is initiated by lower motor neurons and transmitted to upper motor neurons by interneurons situated within the cns.
Lower motor neurons start the motor control process, which is then passed to upper motor neurons by interneurons located inside the central nervous system (CNS). Skeletal muscle fibers are in direct communication with upper motor neurons, which cause them to contract.
What is CNS and PNS?
The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord (CNS). It is one of the two elements of the nervous system. The second part is the peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.
The peripheral nervous system is one of the two components that make up the nervous system in bilateral animals; the other component is the central nervous system. Outside of the brain and spinal cord, the PNS is composed of nerves and ganglia.
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how does the distribution of voltage gated channels differ between myelinated and unmyelinated axons
Answer:
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Explanation:
the synthesis of cholesterol is a process that involves over 30 different steps. which step is the rate-determining step of cholesterol synthesis?
HMG-CoA reductase is responsible for the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate.
The product of HMG-CoA reductase's conversion of mevalonate from HMG-CoA . Mevalonate is produced when HMG-CoA is reduced by NADPH. Because of its role as the rate-limiting step in the cholesterol production process, this enzyme is an attractive target for the development of medicines (statins). Mevalonate is converted into mevalonate-5-phosphate by undergoing phosphorylation at the 5-OH position (also called phosphomevalonic acid).
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why do so many (~30%) gorilla babies die within the first few months of their lives?
(30%) gorilla babies die within the first few months of their lives because of inherent weakness of the infant or disease.
What is inherited disease?
Genetic factors play a role in almost all health conditions and traits, but there are some conditions in which genetic alterations play a role in almost all of the causes that cause the condition.
Genes are passed from parent to child, so are DNA changes within the gene. DNA changes can also occur spontaneously, first appearing in children of unaffected parents. This is called a new mutation, and the word mutation means change.
Therefore, (30%) gorilla babies die within the first few months of their lives because of inherent weakness of the infant or disease.
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