Answer:
internal respiration
Explanation:
Inserting or deleting a nucleotide in a protein-coding sequence produces what type of mutation?.
A frame-shift mutant in the gene is defined as the addition or deletion of dna nucleotides in quantities that are not multiples of three.
Describe a case of a mutation.Examples of inherited mutations include sickle cell disease, hemophilia, and cystic fibrosis. Other changes could happen on their own at any time over a person's lifetime. They are sometimes referred to as novel mutations, sporadic mutations, or spontaneous mutations. A small number of cells are impacted.
What happens when a gene is altered?Genetic mutations are when the Genetic code is changed to produce a different outcome. That gene's genomic DNA has undergone permanent modification. Genetic variations are essential for human development, which is the process of transformation through several generations. a single person.
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A mutation that knocked out the proofreading function of dna polymerase would result in __________.
A mutation that knocked out the proofreading function of dna polymerase would result in a higher-than-normal rate of DNA synthesis errors. Without this proofreading function, incorrect nucleotides would be inserted about once every 100,000 bases instead of once every 10,000,000 bases.
What is proofreading function of dna polymerase ?It enables the enzyme to examine each nucleotide as DNA is being synthesised and remove any mismatched ones in the 3' to 5' direction. A polymerase can also remove unpaired 3' overhanging nucleotides to produce blunt ends thanks to the proofreading domain.
DNA polymerase proofreading is crucial for preventing unacceptably high mutation rates brought on by mistakes in nucleotide incorporation and the replication of harmed DNA.Learn more about Proofreading function here:
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The Periodic Table Help
Answer:
C
Explanation:
because im right obviously, give me brainliest please!
when reinforcement occurs, the trait(s) involved in reproductive isolation between the hybridizing parental species (or populations) are
When reinforcement occurs, the trait(s) involved in reproductive isolation between the hybridizing parental species (or populations) are more different in sympatry than they are when the two species are in allopatry.
Sympatry is defined as the the presence of two or more related species in the same geographical area at the same time. These species are related because they have been evolved from the same ancestral species but yet are reproductively isolated.
Allopatry is defined as the the presence of related species in areas that are geographically isolated from each other. These species too are evolved from same ancestral species but got isolated in the course of time.
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if 2n is four, then number of possible combinations of chromosomes in the resulting gametes, excluding any crossing-over, is:
In a diploid body cell, there are 2n = 4 chromosomes—2 from the mother and 2 from the father.
The exchange of genetic material between the non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes during sexual reproduction, or chromosomal crossover, leads to recombinant chromosomes. Genes from the mother and father typically "cross over" or are scrambled to create a genetic mix particular to each baby. However, because the Y chromosome does not experience crossing over, its genes have a propensity to age prematurely and repetitive DNA sequences build up.When two non-sister chromatids on homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during sexual reproduction, recombinant chromosomes are created. This process is known as chromosomal crossover, or crossing over.
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GIVING BRAINLIEST how are cardiac output and blood pressure related (anatomy class )
Cardiac output is the volume of blood that is expelled from the ventricle per minute and blood pressure is the tension generated by the blood on the arterial walls.
How are cardiac output and blood pressure related?Blood pressure is determined by the interaction of various factors such as cardiac output and peripheral resistance. If the correct volume of blood is sent through the arteries there will be a correct arterial pressure, it could be said that they are directly proportional.
Thus, cardiac output helps maintain blood pressure to deliver oxygenated blood to vital organs.
Therefore, we say that cardiac output and blood pressure are related.
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When a trait is x-linked, a single recessive allele is sufficient for a male to be affected. Why?.
A man may be stimulated via way of means of an X-connected feature with simply one recessive gene (due to the fact the male is hemizygous – he best has one allele of an X-connected trait).
Males have a tendency to develop X-connected recessive ailments greater frequently. One X chromosome is all that men have. On that X chromosome, the situation is due to a unmarried recessive gene. The 2d XY gene pair in a male is placed on the Y chromosome.
To purpose the disorder in women (who've X chromosomes), a version might want to exist in each copies of the gene. Males have mutated copies of this gene due to the fact it's far implausible that women will are considerably greater usually than women laid low with X-connected recessive diseases.
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What enzyme moves outward from the origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between dna nucleotides?.
Using the theories of enzymes, we got that Helicase is the enzyme moves outward from the origin replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between dna nucleotides.
Helicases are the class of enzymes thought to be vital to all organisms. Their main function is to unpack the organism's genetic material. Helicases are motor proteins that move directionally along the nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating the two hybridized nucleic acid strands (hence helic- + -ase), using energy from the ATP hydrolysis. There are many helicases, representing the great variety of the processes in which strand separation must be catalyzed. Approximately 1% of the eukaryotic genes code for helicases.
Hence, the enzyme moves outward from the origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between dna nucleotides is helicase.
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What would be the effect of a mutation in the laci gene that prevented the repressor from binding to allolactose?.
иуда покер фейс леди гага бэд романс
For healthy adults, the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for protein has been set at 0.8 grams for each kilogram (or 2.2 lbs) of body weight. Assuming that a person weighs 140 pounds, calculate what your RDA for protein would be in grams. Round to the nearest whole number.
Please help, thanks!
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of protein for adults is 0.8 g per kilogram of body weight.
What is recommended dietary allowance?
The Food and Nutrition Board has determined the levels of essential nutrient intake known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) to be sufficient to meet the known nutrient needs of nearly all healthy individuals.
You can determine how much protein you should be eating by converting your weight, which you likely know in pounds, to kilograms. In comparison to the average American woman, who weighs 168.5 pounds, the average American man weighs 195.7 pounds (88.77 kilograms) (which equals about 75.21 kilograms).
The RDA formula is as follows since most people should ingest 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight:
protein equivalent of 0.8 grams (weight in kilograms)
According to this recommendation, most men should consume 71 grams of protein daily, as 0.8 x 88.77 = 71.016. Since 0.8 x 75.21 = 60.168, women should normally consume roughly 60 grams of protein per day
You can just multiply your weight in pounds by 0.36 grams of protein if you have problems figuring out your body weight in kilograms. Thus, the RDA formula would be as follows:
0.36 g of protein multiplied by (weight in pounds)
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Where in the eukaryotic cell would you expect to find transcripts with intron sequences?.
The eukaryotic cell would expect to find transcripts with intron sequences in the nucleus.
What is intron?Introns аre the sequences between the exons аnd the intron messаges аre spliced out by the spliceosome in the formаtion of the coding RNАs (mRNА, rRNА аnd tRNА). The protein-coding sequences for mаny genes аre broken into smаller pieces of coding sequences cаlled exons sepаrаted by non-coding sequences cаlled introns. When genes аre trаnscribed, those exons аnd introns аre included in the initiаl messenger RNА products. However, introns аre removed during the process cаlled splicing so only exons аre included in the mаture mRNА аnd used to dictаte whаt proteins аre produced. In mаny genes, the introns аre much longer thаn the exons. Introns mаy contаin sequences thаt regulаte how genes аre expressed or trаnscribed аnd how mRNА is processed.
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a scientist is studying the lysogenic cycle of a phage of escherichia coli. this means that she is investigating:
the fusion and stabilization of the lambda 1 phase into the genome of a host cell.
Which phrase best sums up the lysogenic cycle?DNA is directly transferred when two cells are momentarily united in bacteria.
Lytic and lysogenic cycles are the two reproduction cycles that viruses have. The viral genetic material is integrated into the bacterial DNA during the lysogenic cycle and duplicated along with the bacterial genome utilizing the bacterial molecular machinery.
The viral protein is produced throughout the lytic cycle, creating offspring phages that are released from the cell through cell lysis. The new phages then infect additional cells. As a result, the viral genome is stabilized and integrated into the genome of the host cell during the lysogenic cycle.
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Traits controlled by genes on the x chromosome are called sex-linked traits. In what individuals are recessive sex-linked traits more commonly expressed?.
Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes.For an X-linked trait to manifest in females, it must either be recessive with both alleles carrying .
The recessive type or dominant with two alleles that express the trait.However, because males only have one X chromosome, only one gene for any trait can really cause the trait in males. As a result, males will express sex-linked recessive features more frequently than females.The X chromosome is connected to some recessive genes that cause genetic abnormalities in humans. Males are more likely than females to have these flaws. This is due to the requirement that any gene with a recessive allele on chromosome X express itself phenotypically in males.Humans have two recessive sex-related characteristics that are found on the X chromosome: haemophilia and colour blindness. A blood clotting condition called haemophilia prevents blood from clotting.When a person has colour blindness, they are unable to discriminate between the colours of red and green.
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What will happen when the ribosome shifts one codon further on the mrna, assuming the next codon is not a stop codon?.
The tRNA in the A spot of the aforementioned figure will be expelled from the ribosome. The ribosome will attach to a fresh tRNA.
Describe a codon example.The sequence AUG, which designates the amino homocysteine, is an illustration of a codon. Every messenger RNA begins with the AUG codon, which not only codes for the amino acid methionine but also signals the beginning of a protein.
Codon and anticodon definitionsAn mRNA codon is a triplet or triple-nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific amine group during translation. A three-nucleotide sequence called the anticodon is present on tRNA and binds to the appropriate mRNA sequence. The anticodon determines which amino acid is carried by the tRNA molecule.
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classify each pollutant based on the category that best describes its impact on waterways.
a. trig water from the bottom of reservior
b. acid drainage from an abandoned coal mine
c. medical waste from a hospital dumped in an ilegal location
d. herbicide from a soccer field
e. clay soil from alnd cared for home construction
f. phosphorous-rich fertilizer from agricultural land
g. nitrogen-rich grass clippings from a mowed town
1. nutrient pollution
2. sediment
3. thermal pollution
4. toxic chemicals
5. pathogens and waterbome diseases
a. Trig water from the bottom of the reservoir - 5. Pathogens and aquatic diseases
B. acid drainage from an abandoned coal mine -4. Toxic chemical products
c. medical waste from a hospital dumped at an illegal site
d. herbicide from a football field
e. clay soil of alnd care for building houses - 2. sediment
f. phosphorus-rich fertilizer from farmland - 3. thermal pollution
g. nitrogen-rich grass clippings from a cut city - 1. nutrient pollution
What pollution?Pollution means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the environment, causing a negative effect on its balance, thus causing damage to human health, living beings and ecosystems.
Why is pollution bad?Among the main causes of death due to air pollution, we can highlight strokes, heart diseases and respiratory diseases. Furthermore, published data show a close relationship between air pollution and deaths from lung cancer.
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The overtone series is the physical element of the instrument that acts as the dna of a sound.
The overtone series is a natural phenomenon in which a single pitch produces multiple additional harmonic pitches through mathematical divisions. The set of arising pitches forms the basis for everything we do, for example, jazz musicians. Fundamentally, all western music, including jazz, is rooted in the overtone series.
Therefore, the overtone series is the physical element of the instrument that acts as the DNA of a sound. Some musical instruments make overtones that are a bit sharper or flatter than true harmonics. The sharpness or flatness of their overtones is one of the elements that add up to their sound.
Musical Instruments that can create notes of any desired duration and definite duration and definite pitch have harmonic partials.
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what are two characteristics that are primitive for mammals but derived for vertebrates? (hint: these would be features that all mammals share, but that other vertebrates do not possess.)
There are two traits that are derived from vertebrates yet are primal for mammals are :
(Vertebrate groups are: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.)Hair, mammary glands, live birth, homeothermy (warm-blooded)What do vertebrates and mammals have in common?
Vertebrates, which include all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, are animals with backbones. A backbone is composed of numerous tiny bones called vertebrae. Backbones enclose and safeguard the spinal cord, a bundle of nerves that transmits data to and from the brain.
Therefore, Mammals are different from other vertebrate animals in that their young are fed with milk produced by special mammary glands in the mother.
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during which stage of translation does mrna join with trna and two ribosomal subunits? a. termination b. elongation c. initiation d. staging e. promotion
During initiation stage of translation mRNA joins with tRNA and two ribosomal subunits.
What is initiation?
The start of transcription is called initiation. It happens when the RNA polymerase enzyme interacts with the promoter, a portion of a gene.
This instructs the DNA to unwind so that the enzyme can "read" the bases in one of the DNA strands. The enzyme is now ready to assemble a complementary base –sequenced mRNA strand.
The small ribosomal subunit attaches to the beginning of the mRNA sequence during initiation. Then the so-called start codon of the mRNA sequence attaches to a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule carrying the amino acid methionine.
All mRNA molecules have a AUG-coded start codon, which denotes methionine.
Therefore, During initiation stage of translation mRNA joins with tRNA and two ribosomal subunits.
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Listen With some exceptions, such as the giant bacterium Epulopiscium fishelsoni, the size of archaeal and bacterial cells is limited by a) diffusion across the cell membrane. b) the lack of complex intracellular membranes. c) the complexity of their metabolic pathways. d) the complexity of their proteome. e) the size of their genome. Question 70 (1 point) Listen Amebas that have filamentous pseudopods can be found in which categories? a) cellular and plasmodial slime molds b) dinoflagellates and apicomplexans c) trypanosomes and metamonads d) diatoms and algae e) radiolarians and foraminiferans
The Red Sea's brown surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus) gut symbiont, Epulopiscium fishelsoni, grows larger than any other eubacterium.
What trait does Epulopiscium Fishelsoni possess?Gram-positive, rod-shaped Epulopiscium fishelsoni bacteria. One of the biggest bacteria is it. It can expand to a size of 600 by 80 micrometres. Microscopic examination showed that the cell membrane is folded, wrinkled, and has several pockets rather than stretching smoothly around the cell.
What protozoans have pseudopods in them?A large class of unicellular creatures known as amoeboid protists exist in both fresh and salt water. Pseudopods, often known as "false feet," or pseudopodia, are extensions of their cells that they use to move and feed.
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The phenotypic ratio of the f2 generation of the dihybrid cross in mendel’s experiment with pea plant was.
The phenotypic ratio of the f2 generation of the dihybrid cross in mendel’s experiment with pea plant was 9:3:3:1.
Mendel observed that the F2 generation of his dihybrid cross had a ratio of 9:3:3:1 and produced nine plants with round, yellow seeds, three plants with round, green seeds, three plants with wrinkled, yellow seeds, and one plant with wrinkled, green seeds. A phenotype refers to the outer appearance of an individual.
Mendel found through his experiment that the parental generation's trait pairs sorted apart from one another from one generation to the next. A mating experiment between two organisms that are equally hybrid for two traits is referred to as a dihybrid cross.
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the discovery of rna interference (rnai) led to its use in biotechnology and medicine. all of the following are examples of how rnai could be used in biotechnology or medicine, except .
RNA interference has potential applications in biotechnology and medicine, except for treating diseases characterized by genes that are not expressed.
What is RNA interference?RNA interference (RNAi) or post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA that confers resistance to both endogenous parasites and exogenous pathogen nucleic acids, encoding proteins regulates the expression of genes.
What are the advantages of RNAi?RNA interference is a natural process involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and immunity.One of the advantages of RNAi technology is the rapid development of effective targeted drugs to control tumor growth. Therefore, cancer is one of the prime targets for RNAi-based therapy due to its high relationship with gene expression and cell proliferation.To learn more about RNA interference visit:
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if you were to go upside down into a handstand, blood pressure would momentarily increase (until the baroreceptor reflex corrects it). why does blood pressure increase when you go upside down? group of answer choices the arterioles vasodilate the abdominal organs push on the arteries, increasing pressure there is increased venous return when the heart is upside down, the ventricular contractility will increase
If you were to go upside down into a handstand, blood pressure would momentarily increase (until the baroreceptor reflex corrects it). why does blood pressure increase when you go upside downslow oxidative.
A normal blood stress degree is much less than one hundred twenty/eighty mmHg. no matter your age, you could take steps each day to preserve your blood pressure in a wholesome range.
The new hints alternate not anything if you're more youthful than 60. however if you're 60 or older, the goal has moved up: Your purpose is to maintain your blood pressure at 150/ninety or decrease. if you have kidney disorder or diabetes, your goal was 130/eighty or lower; now it's 140/ninety or decrease.
Tension doesn't purpose lengthy-time period excessive blood stress (hypertension). but episodes of tension can cause dramatic, temporary spikes in blood stress. If the ones brief spikes occur regularly, which include each day, they could purpose damage to blood vessels, the coronary heart and kidneys, as can continual excessive blood strain.
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what is present on the cytoplasmic tails of inhibitory fc receptors and interacts with cytoplasmic proteins to transduce inhibitory signals?
Both Igα and Igβ molecules contains a single ITAM in their cytoplasmic tails which interacts with the receptors and initiate a response through the tyrosine kinase receptors.
What are Fc receptors?Fc receptor is a antibody receptor which is involved in the antigen recognition that is located at the membrane of certain immune cells such as B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells. Such receptors recognize Fc fragment of antibodies and thus named as Fc receptor.
Igα and Igβ each protein have a single ITAM in their cytosolic tails, these give the B-cell receptor a total of two ITAMs. When the antigen molecule binds, the tyrosine present in these ITAMs become phosphorylated by the receptor-associated Src-family tyrosine kinases Blk, Fyn, or Lyn and initiate the response.
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2. Which conditions are necessary for natural selection to occur? Select all of the answers that apply.
a. Inheritable adaptations vary among individuals.
b. The population size is increasing.
c. More individuals are born than can survive.
d. Fitness varies among individuals.
Inheritable adaptations vary among individuals
The population size is increasing.
Fitness varies among individuals.
This conditions are necessary for natural selection to occur
What is natural selection?
Nature's harsh conditions exterminate those who are unable to evolve. Those who are unable to pass on their survival skills to their kids are likewise eliminated. The term "Natural Selection" refers to the idea that those that adapt and procreate are being naturally chosen to live.
Natural selection is the method by which the pressure of selection chooses the traits that are more useful. Darwin's theory of natural selection emphasises the choice of an organism's advantageous traits that increase its chances of survival and reproduction. It is a methodology based on adaptation and modification.
Darwin used the finches of the Galapagos Islands as an example. From the same island, the finches spread out to the many Galapagos islands. This causes their beak sizes to change. The size of the beaks varies among finches due to their varied environments and diets.
Hence the correct option is a,b, and d.
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Which describes how the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean changes over time?
The Atlantic ocean per year is growing per year at the rate of centimeters and this is because of the volcanic activities that is taking place along the mid ocean ridge. Pacific ocean is shrinking 2 to 3 Cm.
What is the number of the oceans on Earth ?
The number of oceans on the planet is 7.
When the tectonic plates of the sea floor is getting split at that time is creating a new oceanic crust that is the main reason of the spread of the oceans mentioned in the question.
While the Pacific ocean is shrinking continuously but the Atlantic ocean is continuously expanding. There will be a time when the Europe and the North America will be joined together through the chain of mountains.
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what cells were chloroplast present in? what did they look like in the various cells? be specific.use complete sentences.
Only plant cells contain chloroplasts. They have an oval form with an inner and an outer membrane. The stroma and grana are enclosed by the inner membrane.
All green tissues in plants and algae have chloroplasts in their cells. In photosynthetic tissues that don't seem green, such the brown blades of gigantic kelp or the crimson leaves of certain plants, chloroplasts are also present.
The majority of chloroplasts are blobs with an oval form, however they can also resemble stars or ribbons. A supple outer membrane that contains all of its substance shields them from harm. The colorant chlorophyll is also present in these plastids. The pigment responsible for the green color of plants.
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It is essential that the human body maintain adequate levels of calcium at all times. A drop in calcium levels stimulates the parathyroid gland to release regulatory hormones. On the other hand, excess calcium in the body signals the thyroid gland to fix the calcium in the bones, thereby reducing the amount of calcium in the blood. What does this process best exemplify?.
Parathyroid is the best process exemplify.
What is Parathyroid ?
The parathyroid glands, which are small glands in the neck behind the thyroid gland, secrete parathyroid hormone.
The hormone parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood, primarily by increasing them when they are too low. This is accomplished through its actions on the kidneys, bones, and intestine.
The parathyroid glands are primarily controlled by the negative feedback of calcium levels in the blood. Low blood calcium levels stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion, whereas high blood calcium levels inhibit parathyroid hormone release.
Hypoparathyroidism, or a lack of parathyroid hormone, is a rare medical condition. It can cause low calcium levels in the blood (hypocalcaemia). It is typically treated medically with calcium and vitamin D analogues taken orally, but the availability of parathyroid hormone replacement therapy may change the treatment approach for some patients.
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The rate of transcription for a gene is found to be affected by a mutation. Where would you expect the mutation to appear on the dna?.
I would expect the mutation of the gene to appear on the DNA at the promotor for the gene.
What is mutation?Mutation is defined as the alteration or change in the patterns of the sequence of nucleic acids of gene of an organism.
There are various types of mutation that include the following:
missense, nonsense, insertion, deletion, duplication, and frameshift.The promotor of a gene is the area where transcription of RNS polymerase takes place therefore, mutation of the gene would most probably occur at that site.
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genome-wide association studies (gwas) found significant changes in ease of research once they were able to use as a way to identify intelligence.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aid in the identification of genes linked to a certain disease (or another trait). This strategy examines a big population's complete genome in an effort to find tiny changes known as single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs.
A fixed P-value threshold of 5 108 is frequently employed in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect associations between common genetic variants and desirable traits while accounting for multiple testing.While whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) investigations strive to capture all genetic variation, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) typically use targeted genotyping of specific and preselected variants utilizing microarrays.
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HELPPP!!!!!! Which method would a cell use to get rid of waste and maintain homeostasis? A. Part of the cell membrane surrounds waste particles and digests them. B. A vesicle joins with the cell membrane and releases material from the cell. C. Protein pumps use energy to move large sugar molecules into the cell via active transport. D. The cell nucleus directs the ribosomes to make the waste into proteins that the cell can use.
A cell used to get rid of waste and maintain homeostasis is the cell nucleus directs the ribosomes to make the waste into proteins that the cell can use. Option D.
The metabolic functions of cells produce waste products. Exocytosis helps maintain cell homeostasis by clearing out these waste products as they accumulate within cells and disrupt cellular function. of a molecule along a gradient.
Cell membranes enable organisms to maintain homeostasis by regulating substances that can enter and leave the cell. Some substances pass through cell membranes without energy input. Other substances require energy input to penetrate cell membranes. Lysosomes and peroxisomes are often referred to as the cell's garbage disposal system.
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