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The titration curve reveals the pKa of a weak acid Here, as an example, we have selected acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) as the weak acid and it is titrated against a strong base NaOH.

Explain titration curve.

Titrations are frequently documented on graphs known as titration curves, where the volume of the titrant is typically the independent variable and the pH of the solution is the dependent variable (because it changes depending on the composition of the two solutions).

The graph's equivalence point is where the titrant has completely neutralised the initial solution, which is often an acid (usually a base). It can be calculated precisely by calculating the points of inflection (where the graph changes concavity) and the second derivative of the titration curve, but in most cases, a straightforward visual inspection of the curve will do. In the right-facing curve,

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The number of moles of Benzyl alcohol is 0.115 moles.

Number of moles can be also told in terms of Avogadro's number with is 6.023 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex]. It can be calculated for atoms, molecules, ions or others as well. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance. The concept of the mole helps to put quantitative information about what happens in a chemical equation on a macroscopic level. So it is used widely.

Molecular mass is nothing but the sum of atomic mass of all the element present in the molecule. In the above given question we have to calculate the number of moles of the molecule by using the given weight. To do so we use the below formula;

Number of moles = given weight

                               Molecular mass

⇒ 12.50  = 0.115 moles

   108.14

Therefore the number of moles in 12.50 g of benzene C2H5OH is 0.115 moles

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The root mean square speed of Cl₂ molecule is 11.34 cm/sec.

Solution

We need to calculate the root mean square speed of Cl₂ molecule.

Average kinetic energy = RT

where,

R = Molar gas constant

T = absolute temperature in Kelvin.

Given,

Average kinetic energy = 4570 J/mol

R= 8.314 J/mol/K

So, T = (4570 × 2)/(3 × 8.314)

⇒ T = 366.45 K

Root mean square velocity = √(3RT/M)

For, Cl₂ molecule,

M = 71 g/mol

T = 366.45 K (as condition is same as previous)

Therefore, Root mean square velocity = 11.34 cm/sec

Hence, Root mean square velocity = 11.34 cm/sec.

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The indication written identify the new substance is formed in a chemical reaction.

A chemical reaction happens when substances break down or combine to form a one or more new substances. the substance take part in a chemical reaction initially called as reactants and the substance forms at the end of the chemical reaction is called as products.

The sign or indications of new substance is formed are:

The phase change is not consider as the chemical change.

Thus, The indication written identify the new substance is formed in a chemical reaction.

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The statement that describes the intermolecular forces in the raindrop is that; they stay close together and slip past one another.

The term intermolecular forces has to do with the kind of force that holds the molecules of a substance together. There are several kinds of intermolecular forces and the strength of the bond depends on the kind of the interaction that goes on.

In this case, we have a rain drop. We have to know that the rain drops are liquids and the intermolecular forces in liquids is such that the molecules are able to slide past each other.

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The compound that forms a racemic mixture of an optically active product when it is hydrogenated is 2-butanol.

What is optically active in a racemic mixture?

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Internationally accepted system for measurement called as international system of units (SI)

The international system of unit (SI) is commonly known as the metric system and is the international standard for measurement and the international treaty of the meter was signed in Paris on may 20 1875 by seventeen countries including the united states and is now celebrated around the globe as world metrology day and long the dominant measurement system used in science

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Answer:

2KI + Pb(NO3)2 = PbI2 + 2KNO3

Explanation:

To make a chemical equation to be balanced,two things would be a factor:

1.The same radicals on both side of equation.

2.The radical on only one side of equation.

Since the equation has radicals on both side,we count it as one unit.Then balance the most complex,Pb(NO3)2 and KNO3 in this case,and the least complex on the last.

I know thst it is really hard at first to solve it but follow the instuction carefully.

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The Diels-Alder reaction mechanism involves a resonance stabilized carbocation is not true.

What id Diels-Alder reaction?

A Diels-alder reaction is made up of two components i.e

i - Diene which is made up of two adjacent pi bonds.

ii - dienophile which has atleast one pi bond.

In this Diels-Alder reaction, two sigma bonds and one pi bond are created while three pi bonds are broken every single time.

In Diels-Alder reaction,  diene are always conjugated.

The Diels-Alder reaction is always stereospecific which means that both the diene and the dienophile's attached substituents maintain their stereochemistry throughout the reaction.

The Diels-Alder reaction is a concerted reaction which means that it always takes place in one step.

Hence, as all the other options are true we can say that the mechanism involves a resonance stabilized carbocation is not true.

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It is untrue that a resonance stabilised carbocation is involved in the Diels-Alder reaction mechanism.

What id Diels-Alder reaction?
Diels-Alder reactions consist of two parts, namely

two adjacent pi bonds make up the compound I - diene.

Dienophile with at least one pi bond is ii.

Three pi bonds are always broken in this Diels-Alder reaction, but two sigma bonds and one pi bond are always formed.

The dienes used in the Diels-Alder reaction are always conjugated.

The attached substituents to both the diene and the dienophile maintain their stereochemistry throughout the Diels-Alder reaction because it is always stereospecific.

The Diels-Alder reaction always proceeds in a single step because it is a concerted reaction.

We can therefore conclude that the mechanism involving a resonance stabilised carbocation is untrue because all of the other options are true.

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A Strong Electrolyte in water is a chemical that totally ionizes in solution. An electrolyte that absorbs almost entirely in water is said to be a strong electrolyte.

A solution or solute that totally, or nearly completely, ionic compounds or decomposes in a solution is referred to as a strong electrolyte. In the solution, these ions act as effective conductors of electric current. A substance that is a good electrical conductor while in aqueous solution was the original definition of a "strong electrolyte."

An electrolytes that dissolves almost entirely in water is said to be a strong electrolyte. Hydrogen chloride is a good illustration of the a strong electrolyte (HCl). An electrolyte that just doesn't entirely dissolve in water is referred to as a weak electrolyte.

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The weighted average of the nail in accordance with the given data is 11.176g.

Weighted average is an arithmetic mean of values biased according to agreed weightings.

The weighted average of the nail in the image above can be calculated by multiplying the decimal abundance with the mass of the nail, then summed up as follows;

Weighted average = (decimal abundance × mass 1) + (decimal abundance × mass 2)

Weighted average = (0.12 × 3.3) + (0.88 × 12.25)

Weighted average = 0.396 + 10.78

Weighted average = 11.176g

Therefore, 11.176g is the weighted average of the nail

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The moment of inertia of a particle is mr²

Moment of inertia is a quantitative measure of the rotational inertia of a body in physics - i.e. The resistance that a body exhibits to changing its rotational speed about its axis by the application of torque (torque). Axes can be internal or external and can be fixed or unfixed.

In general, the moment of inertia of a uniform body is calculated as the product of the square of the distance (r²) from the axis of rotation and its mass. The flywheel is a heavy mass attached to the engine's crankshaft is one example of the moment of inertia

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The second law of thermodynamics explain the diffusion of substances is that trend of randomization. Diffusion of particles of solute from higher concentration to lower concentration lead to increase in entropy.

The second law of thermodynamics explain the trend of randomization or an increasing in entropy. if the concentration of substances on both sides are same then the distribution is  random is more than  the concentration is unequal. Diffusion of as substance from higher to lower leads to increase in entropy ,. when the concentration decreases entropy increases.

Thus, The second law of thermodynamics explain the diffusion of substances is that trend of randomization. Diffusion of particles of solute from higher concentration to lower concentration lead to increase in entropy.

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Which of these actions is an example of chemical weathering?

a. freezing water widens the cracks in rocks.

b. plant roots force their way into cracks in rocks and break them.

c. oxygen in air reacts with iron content in rocks, causing them to change color.

d. strong winds peel soft rock away, leaving harder rock behind.

The salt could be potassium (K) and the salt will be KCl.

A flame test is a qualitative test used in chemistry to determine the identity or putative identity of metal or metalloid ions in ionic compounds. When a compound is placed in the flame of a gas burner, it can emit a characteristic color visible to the bare eyes. The combustion test is used to identify the presence of relatively few metal ions in a compound. Not all metal ions give flame color. For Group 1 compounds, a flammability test is usually the easiest way to identify the metal you are using. For other metals, there are other simpler methods that are usually more reliable, but the combustion test can provide useful clues as to where to look. The color will change to yellow.

Potassium burns with a purple or light purple color, also known as lilac flame.

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Electronic configuration for Ruthenium is:

[tex]Ru: [Kr]4d^{7}5s^{1}[/tex]

Electronic configuration: A neutral element's total number of electrons is represented by its electronic configuration. To get the total number of electrons in an atom, we sum all the superscripts.

As a result of the electrons being filled in accordance with Afbau's rule in sequence of increasing energies, the electronic configuration in terms of the configuration of noble gases is as follows:

[tex]Ru : [Kr]4d^{7} 5s^{1}[/tex]

Ruthenium is transition element with atomic number 44 and thus the nearest noble gas present is Krypton with 36 electrons.

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Addition of  boiled, deionized water to the titrating flask to wash the wall of the erlenmeyer flask and the buret tip will have no effect on the Ksp value of ca(oh)2.

There will be no effect on the Ksp value as boiled deionised water is not able to alter the number of hydronium and hydroxide ions. As no change in the ions happen so there will be no change in Ksp value. The equilibrium constant for a solid material dissolving in an aqueous solution is the solubility product constant, Ksp. It stands for the degree of solute dissolution in solution. A substance's Ksp value increases with how soluble it is.

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Xe gas atoms do experience attraction to each other, that is called a London dispersion forces. Compared to Kr gas atoms, Xe has stronger London dispersion forces, thus Xe is more difficult to boil.

London dispersion force is an intermolecular force, the weakest force that is only temporarily active when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles. London dispersion forces strength is very dependent on the molecular weight. Xe has heavier molecules than Kr, so Xe also has stronger London dispersion forces. As a result, Xe is more difficult to boil than Kr.

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Answer:

All Alkali metals form +1 cations

Noble gases do not form ions

Halogens form -1 anions

Alkaline Earth metals form +2 cations

chalcogens forms -2 anions

The amount of water for 2 g of sodium chloride with a concentration of [tex]8g/dm^{3}[/tex] is 250[tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

The mass of the solute in relation to the solution has been defined as concentration. There are many other ways to indicate concentration, including density, molarity, molality, etc.

The specified solution has been concentrated. It has been reported that [tex]8g/dm^{3}[/tex] sample were present in a solution with a volume of 1 cubic decimeter.

Quantity of water

For a solution of 2 grams of sodium chloride, the volume of water was calculated as follows:

8 g = 1 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex]

Therefore, 2g = X

X= 2*1/8

X= 0.25 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex]

For 2 g of solution, 0.25 cubic decimeters of water were used.

In cubic centimeters, the decimeter cube has been assigned the following values:

1 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex] = 1000 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

0.25 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex] = Y

Y= 0.25*1000/1

Y= 250 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

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(2R,3S), 2,3-dibromobutane (2R,3R), 2,3-dibromobutane Superposition of mirror images is not feasible yet stereoisomers can arise.

A superimposable mirror image can be created using (2R,4S)-2,4Dibromopentane.

Non-superimposable mirror-image versions of the 2,4 dibromopentane ring (2R,4R).

Stereoisomerism, also known as spatial isomerism, is a type of isomerism used in stereochemistry in which molecules with identical chemical structures and order of linked atoms (constitution) change in the three-dimensional spatial orientations of their atoms. In contrast, structural isomers have the same chemical formula but have different bond arrangements or bond orders. Stereoisomers of one another's molecules, by definition, represent the same structural isomer.

A stereoisomer of a reference molecule that has the opposite configuration at a stereocenter is known as a configurational stereoisomer (e.g., R- vs S- or E- vs Z-). This indicates that only disrupting covalent bonds to the stereocenter, for as by inverting the configurations of some or all of the stereocenters in a compound, will allow configurational isomers to be interconverted.

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The largest initial ionization energy belongs to Helium. It is the first member of the noble gas group in the periodic table and is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, inert, monatomic gas.

Helium is used as a coolant in nuclear reactors, in compressed air tanks, and in lasers. Of all the elements, Helium has the lowest melting and boiling points.

A typical carrier gas for gas chromatography is Helium. It can be used to determine the age of rocks and minerals that contain uranium and thorium.

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The pH of the solution is obtained is basic pH, hence the solution is a base and it will change the color of Bromocresol from  yellow to blue. Phenolphthalein is colorless in neutral and acidic solution but it gives basic pink color in basic solution.

pH of a solution is the measure of the H+ ion concentration. Mathematically it is negative logarithm of H+ ion or hydronium ion concentration. It measures how acidic or basic the solution is.

The pH of the solution is obtained as 12.2 and hence the solution is basic since pH above 7 is basic solutions.  Bromocresol blue shows the color change from yellow to blue in the pH range of 3 - 5.4. Hence above a pH of 5.4 it shows blue color.

Phenolphthalein shows a color change from 8 - 9.5 pH range from colorless to pink. Hence, it gives pink color for the given solution.

Let AOH be the solution and when it dissociates in water it gives OH- ions as per the Arrhenius theory. Based on this theory we cannot say that it is monoprotic or diprotic ,however it flourish all the OH- ions to water.

[tex]\rm AOH \rightarrow A^{+} +OH^{-}[/tex]

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The concentration of the resulting solution is  0.025 M.

Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, especially a solute, in solution and is expressed as the amount of substance per unit volume of solution. The most commonly used unit of molarity in chemistry is moles per liter in SI units using the unit symbols mol/L or mol/dm³.

For the given case,

Concentration of NaOH (M₁) = 1 M

Volume of NaOH (V₁) = 50 ml or 0.05 L

Concentration of solution (M₂) = ?

Volume of solution (V₂) = 2 L

Since, M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

1 × 0.05 = M₂ × 2

M₂ = 0.025 M

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According to the reaction, when 355 ml of 1.65 m Hydrochloric acid solution are combined with too much aluminum, 26.03 g of aluminum chloride is created.

An inorganic substance with the formula AlCl3 is aluminum chloride, also referred to as aluminum trichloride. It takes the form of [Al(H2O)6] hexahydrate. Aluminum chloride is ALCl3, which is composed of six water molecules. Aqueous hydrochloric acid, also referred to as muriatic acid, is a type of hydrochloric acid. It is a colourless solution with an overpowering odor. Strong acid is how it is categorized.

2 Al(s) + 6 HCl is the given reaction. ———-> 2 AlCl3 + 3H2

Using the provided data

The amount of HCl in moles is n= Volume * Concentration = 0.58575 mol (1.65 M * 355 ml)/1000 ml

based on the response,

It takes 6 mols of HCl. To neutralize 2 moles of aluminum, 0.58575 mol of hydrochloric acid must be used.

using the cross-multiplication method, 0.19525 moles are obtained by multiplying 0.58575% by 2/ 6.

Weight of the AlCl3 = 0.1952 moles * 133.340538 g/mol = 26.03 g

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The solution having PH less than 7 is slightly acidic, PH equals to 7 is considered to be neutral and the one more than 7 is basic.

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The work done by the gas to expand is 1.125 Joules.

The work done by the gas in expanding is given by,

W = P(V₂-V₁)

Where,

W is the work done,

P is the pressure,

V₁ is the initial volume,

V₂ is the final volume.

The final volume of the gas is 2.50L and the initial volume is 1 L, while the external pressure is 0.750 atm.

Putting values,

W = 0.750(2.50-1)

W = 1.125 Joules.

The work done by the gas is 1.125 Joules.

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Carboxylic acid is that compound.

What is Carboxylic acid?

Carboxylic acids are the most important functional group in C=O. This type of organic chemical can be formed through several processes; for example, some carboxylic acids, such as citric acid, lactic acid, or fumaric acid, are produced through fermentation; the majority of these carboxylic acids are used in the food sector.

A carboxylic acid has the generic formula R-COOH, where COOH refers to the carboxyl group and R refers to the rest of the molecule to which this group is linked. There is a carbon in this carboxyl group that has a double connection with an oxygen atom and a single bond with a hydroxyl group.

When combined with metal carbonates, carboxylic acid produces salt. For example, when acetic acid reacts with sodium carbonate, the results are sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and water. The salt generated will be the same as that formed when acetic acid reacts with a simple metal.

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If the KHP was not dried before weighing, the calculated NaOH molarity would be higher than the actual value because the apparent mass of KHP includes water.

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