All viruses have nucleic acids in common.
A capsid is a protein covering that contains nucleic acids, which can be either DNA or RNA, that make up every virus. By procreating within the cells of the host, they all have an effect on various organisms. The virus is the smallest microbe. Some calculations state that 500 million rhinoviruses, which cause the common cold, could fit on the head of a pin. Being able to exclusively exist and reproduce inside the cells of other living things sets them apart from other living things. They only procreate within the host cell. A virus is made up of a genetic material core, either DNA or RNA, that is coated in a protein-based capsid that acts as its protective.
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in biomeviewer, locate the north western coast of africa. drop a pin in the savanna biome, close to the coastline. what is the average temperature? group of answer choices approximately 40 degrees celcius. approximately 20 degrees celcius. approximately 28 degrees celcius. approximately 10 degrees celcius.
The typical temperature is around 28 degrees Celsius.
Which biomes are there?There are five primary types of biomes: aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra. Some of these can be further subdivided into more specialized categories, such as freshwater, marine, savanna, tropical rainforest, temperate rainforest, and taiga. Aquatic biomes encompass both marine and freshwater biomes.
How might scientists categorize various biomes using these traits?Based on the species that live there, a place is classified as a biome. Scientists can characterize a biome by describing the temperature range, soil type, amount of light, and water that are particular to an area and create niches for specific species.
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Hfr strains contain the F factor integrated into their ________, rather than in the __________.
Multiple Choice
chromosome; chloroplast
chromosome; mitochondrial DNA
chromosome; cytoplasm
cytoplasm; chromosome
Hfr strains contain the F factor integrated into their chromosome rather than in the cytoplasm.
A bacterium having a conjugative plasmid (such as the F-factor) incorporated into its chromosomal DNA is known as a high-frequency recombination cell (Hfr cell), sometimes known as a Hfr strain. Homologous recombination is how the plasmid is incorporated into the cell's chromosome.the Hfr strains contain the F factor image.The primary distinction between F+ strains and Hfr strains is the presence of F plasmids in the cytoplasm of the former freely without integrating into the latter's bacterial chromosomes.the Hfr strains contain the F factor image.An operon of roughly 30 genes, encoding Tra proteins that promote transfer, is carried by the F factor (Figure 1). Four transposable genetic elements, including two copies of the insertion sequence IS3, one copy of IS2, and one transposon Tn1000 (commonly known as ), are also present in the F factor, which is significant for understanding bacterial genetics.
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11. what is the effect on damage to the medial temporal lobe? what is the difference between left and right temporal lobes?
Medial temporal lobe damage results in difficulty in understanding spoken words (Receptive Aphasia) Disturbance with selective attention to what we see and hear. Difficulty with identification and categorization of objects. Difficulty learning and retaining new information.
According to Kolb and Wishaw (1990), there are eight main signs of temporal lobe damage:
1) Disturbances in auditory sensation and perception;
2) Disturbances in selective attention of auditory and visual input;
3) Disorders of visual perception;
4) Impairments in verbal material organization and categorization;
5) Impairments in language comprehension;
6) Impairments in long-term memory;
7) Alterations in personality and affective behavior; and
8) Alterations in sexual behavior With the injury to the temporal lobes, selective attention to visual or auditory stimuli is typical (Milner, 1968).
Lesions on the left side lead to a decline in verbal and visual memory, including speech perception. Lesions on the right side cause a reduction in several musical skills including tonal sequence identification. Lesions on the right side may make it harder to recognize visual content (e.g. recall of faces). The main mechanism for organizing sensory information is carried out by the temporal lobes (Read, 1981). People who suffer from temporal lobe lesions have trouble categorizing words or images. Damage to the temporal lobe can impact language. Left temporal lesions make it difficult to recognize words. A right temporal injury may result in a loss of speech inhibition. Memory abilities are closely linked to the temporal lobes. Memory for spoken information is hampered by left temporal lesions. Lesions on the right side cause people to retain non-verbal information like music and artwork.
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Huntington's disease, which causes degeneration of neurons, runs in Maria's family. Huntington's is a heritable autosomal dominant genetic disease. In an autosomal dominant disease, only one abnormal allele abnormal to cause the disease in offspring. However, it is possible not all offspring will receive the from an affected heterozygous parent. Family members that have the disease in Maria's paternal grandmother and Maria's paternal uncles. Maria's paternal grandfather does not have the disease. Because symptoms of Huntington's disease do not appear until later in life, genetic testing is necessary to determine whether a individual possesse Maria's father does not carry the allele for Huntington's disease. symbols d that Maria create a pedigree to track the disease in her Use the provided to complete the Each be used family more than once.
Huntington's disease is a rare, genetic condition that results in the progressive destruction of brain nerve cells. It typically causes mobility, cognitive, and psychological issues.
Is Mark not a carrier of the disease allele?
Considering that Mark's paternal grandfather and grandmother are free of the illness. Mark's paternal family is represented by the symbols on the right. If neither of his paternal grandparents is impacted, then neither is his father nor his paternal aunt.
In addition to his maternal aunts, his maternal grandfather is also impacted. Since Mark's mother does not carry the disease-causing allele identified through genetic testing, she remains unaffected.
Given that neither of Mark's parents are afflicted, it is clear that Mark is not a carrier of the disease allele.
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which chamber of the heart receives the deoxygenated blood from the systemic system first?
The right atrium receives the deoxygenated blood from the systemic system first.
What does the term heart chamber means?
There are four empty places in your heart that make up your heart chambers. Your right atrium and left atrium are the names of your upper chambers. The terms "right ventricle" and "left ventricle" refer to your lower chambers. Your chambers cooperate to control the rate of your heartbeat.
The heart has two atria and two ventricles, making up its four chambers.Blood with low oxygen content is drawn from the body and pumped to the right ventricle via the right atrium.The blood with less oxygen is sent to the lungs via the right ventricle.Blood that is rich in oxygen is drawn from the lungs and pumped to the left ventricle by the left atrium.Blood enriched in oxygen is pumped to the body by the left ventricle.Hence right atrium receives deoxygenated blood
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The average molecular weight of the 20 standard amino acids is 138, but biochemists use 110 when estimating the number of amino acids in a protein of known molecular weight: Why? The number 110 is based on the fact that the average molecular weight of a protein is 110,000 with an average of 1,000 amino acids_ 2_ The number 110 reflects the number of amino acids found in the typical small protein, and only small proteins have their molecular weight estimated this way: 3_ The number 110 takes into account the relatively small size of nonstandard amino acids_ 4_ The number 138 represents the molecular weight of conjugated amino acids. 5_ The number 110 reflects the higher proportion f small amino acids in proteins, as well as the loss of water when the peptide bond forms_ The most important contribution to the stability of a protein's conformation appears to be the: Entropy increase from the decrease in ordered water molecules forming a solvent shell around it 2 Maximum entropy increase from ionic interactions between the ionized amino acids in a protein. 3_ Sum of free energies of formation of many weak interactions among the hundreds of amino acids in a protein. 4 Sum of free energies of formation of many weak interactions between its polar amino acids and surrounding water: 5_ Stabilizing effect of hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl group of one peptide bond and the amino group of another:
The average molecular weight of the 20 standard amino acids is 138, but biochemists use 110 when estimating the number of amino acids in a protein of known molecular weight: Why?
The number 110 is based on the fact that the average molecular weight of a protein is 110,000 with an average of 1000 amino acids. The number 138 represents the molecular weight of conjugated amino acids.
What is molecular Weight ?
Molecular weight, commonly known as molecular mass, is the mass of a substance's molecules, calculated using the atomic weight of carbon-12, which is 12. The atomic weights of the atoms that make up the substance's molecular formula are added to determine it in practice. A hydrogen molecule (chemical formula: H2) has a molecular weight of two.
How to measure the molecular weight ?
Determine the number of atoms present in the molecule of each element.Find the relative atomic mass of each element in the molecule.Determine the molecule's total mass for each component.To get the molecular weight, add the mass of each atom individually.To know more about Molecular Weight visit :
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it was observed that beetles that were lighter in color, as compared to the ones which were darker in color, were targeted and eaten by swallows on top of an old building in london city. after few years only dark colored beetles were seen. this phenomenon is
This phenomenon is known as natural selection or "survival of the fittest."
What is Natural selection?
Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time. This process is driven by the environment, which can favor some individuals over others, resulting in the spread of certain traits within the population. Natural selection is one of the main mechanisms of evolution, and is the primary driver of adaptation.
In the case of the beetles, the lighter-colored beetles were more visible to the swallows, making them more likely to be eaten and therefore less likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, the darker-colored beetles were the only ones left, since they were least likely to be targeted by the swallows.
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if 2 peaks are observed for the sequence output for amelogenin, then is the person male or female?
The peaks for the amelogenin gene were used to infer the gender. The gender was classified as female if just one peak at the amelogenin locus was seen. The gender was classified as male if the amelogenin locus showed two separate peaks that differed by 6 bp.
Checking the agreement between amelogenin self-reported gender and genotype-inferred gender from genomic data is an important quality control measure in clinical genetic testing because gender mismatches caused by sex chromosomal abnormalities or inaccurate clinical data can have a significant impact on molecular diagnosis and treatment choices. In clinical genetic testing, targeted gene sequencing (TGS) is frequently advised as the initial diagnostic step. However, the current gender-inference methods are insufficient and inaccurate for evaluating TGS data because they are designed for whole genome and whole exome data. In this study, we validated a novel tool called seGMM that infers the gender of a sample using unsupervised clustering (Gaussian mixture model). By aligning the sequencing reads from the samples, the seGMM programme can also find sex chromosomal abnormalities.
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a type of energy storage molecule made of many glucose molecules connected together
This form of glucose that is stored in the body is known as glycogen and is composed of numerous linked glucose molecules.
What exactly are energy-storing molecules?Energy-storing molecules are those that have a source of stored energy within their chemical bonds. This means that the chemical reaction involving this molecule will result in the release of a sizeable amount of energy. Energy-storing molecules are widely distributed in matter.Molecules that store energy give organisms the energy they need to survive. The energy in these molecules can be released within an organism's body. Energy-storing molecules include those found in glucose, starch, and fat.Learn more about Energy storage molecules here:
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Classifying Water Pollutants Classity each pollutant based on the category that bout describes its impact on waterways, Part A Drag the labels into the appropriate bins. Reset Help trig water from the bottom of OSOVO acid drainage from an abandoned coal mine medic waste from a hospital dumped in an ilegal location herbicide from a soccer field clay soil from and cared for home construction eroded tops from around and nitrogen-rich grass clippings from a mowed town phosphorous-rich fertilizer from agricultural land nutrient pollution sediment thermal pollution toxic chemicals pathogens and waterbome diseases Submit Request Answer
Water bodies can get contaminated by human activity, commonly referred to as aquatic pollution, which has a negative effect on how the water is used.
Bodies of water include aquifers, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater. Water contamination happens when contaminants are introduced into these bodies of water. The four primary causes of water contamination are sewage discharges, industrial activity, agricultural activity, and urban runoff including stormwater. Surface water contamination and groundwater pollution are the two main categories. For instance, improperly treated wastewater discharged into natural waters may result in the decline of these aquatic ecosystems. People who use unclean water for irrigation, drinking, bathing, or washing run the risk of getting sick from these diseases. A body of water's capacity to deliver ecosystem services, such as drinking water, is decreased as a result of water pollution.
Toxic chemicals:
Herbicide from a soccer field
Phosphorous-rich fertilizer from an agricultural land
Pathogens and waterborne diseases:
Medical waste from a hospital dumped in an illegal location
Thermal pollution:
Acid drainage from an abandoned coal mine
Nutrient pollution:
Nitrogen-rich grass clippings from a mowed lawn
Clay soil from land cleared for home construction
Eroded topsoil from agricultural land
Sediment:
Frigid water from the bottom of a reservoir
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Why do we need to label the membrane? To visualize the cargo molecules using the fluorescent microscope b) To check whether the synthetic cells have a membrane To visualize the cell membrane using the fluorescent microscope To visualize the transport proteins using the fluorescent microscope
The correct answer is, 'to visualize the cell membrane using the fluorescent microscope'.
Researchers may be able to detect membrane proteins in living animals using the labeling technique. To get rid of dye molecules that aren't attached to the protein when a scientist uses a dye to mark a membrane protein, she must repeatedly wash the cells.
Fluorescent dextrans or calcein markers make it simple to label the extracellular space of cells. Due to its accessibility, the plasma membrane is the cell membrane that labels the simplest. The plasma membrane can be marked with fluorescent dyes, the most popular of which belongs to the FM 1-43 family.
To employ the probe, scientists must first insert the SNAP-tag DNA sequence into the gene for their target membrane protein. This genetic alteration causes SNAP-tag to be attached to the protein's outside.
The modified dye connects to the membrane protein, enters the membrane, and begins to glow when researchers put the probe to cells that are expressing the hybrid gene.
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which of the following is not true regarding helicases? group of answer choices they have a ring-like structure they surround only one strand of the dna they are powered by atp they are critical for dna replication they are monomeric
Only one strand of DNA is surrounded by helicases because they need access to the other strand to unwind it. D. ATP fuels helicase activity.
Are helicases limited to one strand of DNA?Copycat Helicases The helicase encircles a section of the DNA that is single-stranded (shown above in orange) and proceeds slowly along the strand, separating the double helix along the way.
What part does helicase play in the replication of DNA?DNA helicases accelerate the breaking of the hydrogen bonds that bind the double-stranded DNA's two strands together. Single-stranded DNA is created as a result of this energy-intensive unwinding reaction, which is needed as a template or reaction intermediate in DNA replication, repair, and recombination.
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Explain how soil crumbs are formed. List four reason why they are important
Clay soil particles combine together with lime of humus particles when they are added to it. Crumbs are formed when they combine. You need to accomplish something. You contribute greatly to society.
How do humus particles work?humus, a nonliving, finely split organic material found in soil that results from the microbial breakdown of both animal and plant remains. About 60% of humus is composed of carbon, 6% of it is nitrogen, and there are traces of sulfur and phosphorus.
What ingredients make up humus?In addition to a plant matter found in leaf litter, humus also contains decomposing insects and other living things, such mushrooms. When animal and plant matter decomposes, humus, a black, organic substance, emerges in the soil. It accumulates on the ground when plants shed leaves, twigs, as well as other debris.
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Which of these ions is more abundant in the interior of a resting neuron than in the fluid surrounding the neuron?
An active pump can keep the larger concentration of Na+ outside the neuron because there is resistance to the passage of Na+ through the neuronal membrane. At rest, K+ concentrations are higher inside the neuron.
What is neuron?
Neurons are used to transmit information. Through electrical impulses and chemical signals, they communicate both inside the brain and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system. However, we may categorize the spinal cord's neurons into three groups: sensory, motor, and interneurons.
What is resting neuron?
The voltage across the membrane of a quiescent (non-signaling) neuron is called the resting membrane potential, or simply the resting potential. The resting potential is determined by the gradients of ion concentration across the membrane and the permeability of the membrane to each kind of ion.
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a lab technician uses a coombs test to determine whether a mother and fetus are incompatible for the rhesus (rh) blood antigen, and determines that there is no agglutination. which of the following is true? group of answer choices the fetus is not at risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn. there is rhesus incompatibility between the mother and the fetus, and therefore risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn. the mother's red blood cells are rh- and the fetus's red blood cells are rh . the mother's red blood cells express rh and type a blood antigen.
Hemolytic illness in the infant is not a concern for the fetus. Due to the mother's rhesus incompatibility with the fetus, the baby is at risk for hemolytic illness.
If the test is normal (negative), it suggests the mother really hasn't produced antibodies to the fetus' blood. Anti-D antibodies are discovered in the mother's serum using the indirect Coombs test. These would hemolyze fetal RBCs if they came into touch with them, which would result in HDN. Treatment for HDN can be administered by detecting maternal anti-D before fetal RBCs have been attacked. When a Rh negative woman gives birth to a child with a Rh positive father, HDN results. The mother's immune system will produce antibodies to fight her unborn child if she has been exposed to Rh positive blood and has been sensitized.
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Most quats solutions disinfect implements in:
Quat solutions disinfect implements usually in 10 minutes.
What are Quat solutions?
The best way to use quaternary ammonium as a regular disinfectant is to really understand what you need in terms of strength.So using Quats test strips is key to getting it right .
"Quat" is effective against many microorganisms. Unlike bleach, "Quats" are odorless and colorless. And unlike bleach, it's non-corrosive, so it's safe for long-term use on metal equipment and surfaces. Their antimicrobial action is variable and selective, but generally as effective as bleach/chlorine solution.
The most common "quaternary" is benzalkonium chloride. It is commonly used to dilute with water to make a high potency
disinfectant. Quat mixing defaults to 200 PPM. There are over 40 suppliers offering
"Quat" disinfectant concentrates. Each should be tested to ensure proper concentration is reached.
Therefore, Quat solutions disinfect implements usually in 10 minutes.
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in a cell-free system, what other components would you have to provide for this virus to express 14) its genes?
Most cell-free expression systems use crude cell lysates, which have many more enzymes than the essential components of gene expression.
Chaperones and the majority of central metabolism are present in modern E. coli lysate-based systems, which boosts protein yields and product titers.
Platforms that allow testing biological systems outside of cells are referred to as cell-free systems. This barrier is not present in a cell-free sensing system, making it possible to detect molecules like viral RNA with relative ease. Not (yet) high-throughput - Cellular platforms, which efficiently package genetic instructions together with their output, are well-suited for high-throughput flow-cytometry and NGS-based genetic characterisation research.
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what is the name given to the fluid removed from the blood but not yet processed by the nephron tubules? group of answer choices water uretrial fluid glomerular filtrate urine renal plasma
The glomerular filtration process is the initial step in the production of urine.
The process of generating urine starts with glomerular filtration. It is the procedure your kidneys employ to filter extra fluid and waste materials out of the blood and into the kidney's urine-collecting tubules so they may be expelled from your body.
Glomerular filtration- A test called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measures how efficiently the kidneys are functioning. In particular, it calculates the volume of blood that flows through the glomeruli each minute. The minuscule kidney filters known as glomeruli remove waste from the blood.
nephron tubules- Your kidneys are each made up of a million nephrons, which are filtering cells. A filter called the glomerulus and a tubule are both parts of a nephron. The glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule restores necessary substances to your blood while removing waste. This is how the nephrons function.
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9. You are an oceanographer taking measurements to predict whether this year will be an El Niño, a La Niña, or a normal year. (15 points)
A. What are three instruments you will use? (3 points)
B. What measurements will each of these instruments take? (6 points)
C. What measurements would you expect to collect during an El Niño year and a La Niña year? (6 points)
An El Nino scenario develops when east winds blow less strongly than usual and surface water in the equatorial Pacific warms up more than usual.
La Nina is the name for the adverse situation. The east winds are stronger and the ocean is cooler than typical during this ENSO phase. Every three to five years, el Ninos typically occur.
One example is data produced by radar altimetry, which is used to monitor the El Nino global climatological event. El Nino is a term used to describe a periodic weakening of the trade winds and warming of the equatorial Pacific Ocean's surface layers.
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An El Nino scenario develops when the equatorial Pacific Ocean's surface water warms up more than usual and east winds blow less strongly than usual.
The opposite situation is known as La Nina. During this ENSO phase, the water is cooler than usual and the east winds are stronger. Typically, el Ninos occur every three to five years.
One example is the data produced by radar altimetry, which is used to monitor the global climatological event known as El Nino. El Nino is a term used to describe a periodic weakening of the trade winds and warming of the surface layers of the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean.
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What do inspiration and expiration have in common? they both use the same pathways they both remove wastes from the tissues they both coniduct air from the outside they both erd in the lunigs
The most common things in both inspiration and expiration is the mode and place of entering and exiting the air which is our nose.
Inspiration is inhaling O2, or we can say bringing the air inside the body through nose which travels to lungs and through the body.
Expiration means exhaling CO2 through the nose, this air comes back from the body to the lung and goes out through the same pathways which is the nose.
Inspiration and expiration both take in oxygen rich air in and out the CO2 waste through the nose.
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Art-labeling Activity Figure 19.2 Label the systems of th functions of the nephron. Part A Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structures and functions of the nephron. model neghron has been untwisted so that fhed flows left to right Loop of Tebulet Elements Collecting dut Filtration 300 mOSM 100 percent Glomerulus esiole 300 mOSM 30 percent volume Peritubular capilaries 100 mOSM 50-1200 only
Labeling the nephron function system. (The diagram is in the picture)
What is the mechanism of urine formation in the nephron?There are three important events in the formation of urine, namely filtering (filtration), absorption (reabsorption), and collection (augmentation).
The process of filtration occurs between the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. When blood from the afferent arterioles enters the glomerulus, blood pressure is high. This causes water and molecules that are not dissolved in the blood to pass through the capillary walls of the glomerulus. Then, water and its molecules enter the filtration plate of Bowman's capsule. The result of this filtration is called glomerular filtrate or primary urine. The concentration of fluid as filtered enters the glomerulus is 300 mOSM, 100 percent by volume.
When the filtrate is removed, the blood in the glomerular efferent arterioles becomes very concentrated. This happens because the loss of so much water. In addition, the filtrate contains large substances that cannot pass through the glomerular capillary walls, such as blood cells, large proteins, and fat fragments. So that the volume of liquid is reduced to 30 percent. While the concentration of dissolved substances is still 300 mOSM
Meanwhile, primary urine, which is produced from Bowman's capsule, enters the proximal convoluted tubule. At the junction points between the capillaries surrounding the tubules, glucose and amino acids and Na+ ions are absorbed. The primary urine that enters the loop of Henle is already more isotonic with the blood in the capillaries. In the loop of Henle absorption of NaCl and water occurs. Absorption continues in the distal convoluted tubule. This is where the absorption of urea, creatinine, medicinal ingredients, H+, and NH4 – occurs. Meanwhile, NaCl salt and water and HCO3 ions - are re-absorbed. The results of this reabsorption contain water, salt, urea, and bile pigments which give urine its odor and color.
Enters the collecting tubule. In these tubules, water, NaCl salts, and urea are still being reabsorbed so that urine is formed which must be excreted from the body. From the collecting tubules, urine enters the renal pelvis, then flows down the ureters to the bladder (urinary bladder). When the bladder is full, the person will feel the urge to urinate.
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Why do we need to label the membrane? a)To visualize the cargo molecules using the fluorescent microscope b) To check whether the synthetic cells have a membrane c)To visualize the cell membrane using the fluorescent microscope d)To visualize the transport proteins using the fluorescent microscope VIEW THEORY
Researchers may be able to detect membrane proteins in living animals using the labeling technique.
To get rid of dye molecules that aren't attached to the protein when a scientist uses a dye to mark a membrane protein, she must repeatedly wash the cells.
Why do we need to label the membrane?
Membrane transport proteins play a crucial role in the movement of solutes across biological membranes, including ions, nutrients, neurotransmitters, and a wide range of medications. A cell is protected by its cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane. Additionally, it offers a stable environment inside the cell. And that membrane serves a variety of purposes.
One is to move compounds out of the cell that are harmful as well as nutrients into the cell.
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How do the products of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle relate to the electron transport chain?
Multiple Choice
1.Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce the molecules that shuttle electrons to the electron transport chain.
2.Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are the final receptors for electrons that flow through the electron transport chain.
3.Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce CO2, which binds to electrons in the electron transport chain.
4.Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce the ATP necessary to start the electron transport chain.
5.Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle use CO2, which is produced in the electron transport chain.
Because they utilise electrons from the electron transport chain to produce their products, glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are related to the electron transport chain.
Electron carriers like NADH and FADH2 are reduced and get electrons via chemical processes beginning with glucose during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
These electron carriers deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain, where they can be applied to build an ion gradient that will lead to the production of ATP.
The molecules that transport electrons to the electron transport chain are created by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. CO2, which is created in the electron transport chain, is used in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
The electron transport chain that powers this action is fueled by the NADH and FADH produced during the Krebs cycle, ultimately resulting in 38 molecules of ATP.
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The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.
a. gap (communicating) junctions.
b. the cytoskeleton.
c. desmosomes.
d. plasmodesmata.
e. tight junctions.
The primary role of e. tight junctions is to bind animal cells together by the binding properties.
Tight junctions shape the non-stop intercellular barrier among epithelial cells, that's required to split tissue areas and alter selective motion of solutes throughout the epithelium. Animal cells might also incorporate junctions referred to as desmosomes, which act like spot welds among adjoining epithelial cells.
A desmosome includes a complicated of proteins. Some of those proteins enlarge throughout the membrane, at the same time as others anchor the junction in the. This tight adherence prevents substances from leaking among the cells; tight junctions are commonly determined in epithelial tissues that line inner organs and cavities, and incorporate maximum of the skin.
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An infectious protein is a
A) Prion
B) Viroid
C) Retrovirus
D) Bacteriophage
E) None of the above
Option A, A prion is an infectious protein, and in yeast and filamentous fungus, cytoplasmic mixing provides the mechanism for horizontal transmission of infectious organisms.
The "proteinaceous infectious particle," or "prion" (pronounced "pree-on"), was discovered by Prusiner and colleagues. Both infections and gene mutations in the protein-encoding gene can result in prion development in the brain. A prion is a kind of protein that can cause the normal folding of brain proteins. Both people and animals are susceptible to prion infections, which are occasionally transmitted to humans through diseased meat products.
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Which of the following sequences is translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein in eukaryotes?
a. exon
b. silencer
c. enhancer
d. promoter
Answer:
a
Explanation:
due to the capability it have
How should the poles of two magnets be placed for them to attract?
Answer:
Opposite poles close together.
Explanation:
When you place the north pole of one magnet near the south pole of another magnet, they are attracted to one another. When you place like poles of two magnets near each other (north to north or south to south), they will repel each other.
How much a dna is unique to an individual
DNA is 99.9% identical from person to person as individual although 0.1% difference doesn't sound like a lot it actually represents millions of different locations within the genome where variation can occur.
What is DNA ?DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms the molecule inside cells that contain the genetic information responsible and function of an organism.
DNA is a linear molecule composed of four types of smaller chemical molecules called nucleotide bases such as:
Adenine (A), cytosine (C), Guanine (G), thymine (T).Therefore DNA is 99.9% identical for individual its a hereditary material in human and almost all other organisms.
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when an f1 plant undergoes meiosis, what gamete types will it produce, and in what proportions? view available hint(s)for part a one character in peas that mendel studied was yellow versus green seeds. a cross between a homozygous yellow line (yy) and a homozygous green line (yy) will result in f1 plants that are heterozygous (yy) for this trait and produce yellow seeds. when an f1 plant undergoes meiosis, what gamete types will it produce, and in what proportions? 3434 y 1414 y 1212 yy 1212 yy 1212 y 1212 y 1414 y 3434 y 1212 yy 1212 yy
The gametes produced during meiosis in an F1 generation plant are 1/2 Y and 1/2 Y.
F1 generation: Parents – YY yy
Offspring: – Yy
Yellow seeds will be produced when a homozygous yellow line (YY) crosses with a homozygous green line (YY), resulting in F1 plants that are heterozygous (Yy) for the same trait. If F1 generation is crossed, then option B is true.The gametes produced will have either the dominant allele or the recessive allele since the characteristic in the F1 generation is heterogeneous. The dominant allele is carried by one of the two gametes, and the recessive allele is carried by the other. Accordingly, 50% of the gametes will have the recessive allele, whereas the other 50% will carry the dominant allele.The progeny of a cross between an organism that is homozygously dominant for one trait and a body that is homozygously recessive for another is known as the F1 generation. As a result, the specific characteristic is heterozygous in all of the F1 offspring of this hybrid. These heterozygous alleles will segregate correctly because, following meiosis, only one allele remains in the gametes.One type of the gamete will possess a dominant allele when the genotype of Mendel's F1 generation is heterozygous, or when the two alleles of a pair are different. The other type, however, will have a recessive allele.A heterozygotic organism goes through meiosis to create gametes with an equal frequency of the allele, meaning that half of the gametes will be recessive, and the other half will be dominant.To know more about F1 generation check the below link:
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Arrange the following steps of the regulation of the trp operon in order of occurrence.
_The trp repressor protein binds to the operator
_levels of tryptophan rise and more is required
-Tryptophan binds to trp repressor protein and induces a conformational change
_Products of the trp gene synthesize tryptophan
_RNA polymerase binds to the promotor allowing transcription of the trp genes to proceed.
_The trp repressor protein blocks RNA polymerase from binding to the promotor.
The correct sequenced steps include 1. Levels of tryptophan in the cell are low, 2.RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, allowing transcription of trp genes to proceed, 3. Products of the trp genes synthesize tryptophan, 4. Levels of tryptophan rise, and no more is then required, 5. Tryptophan then binds to the trp repressor protein and induces a conformational change, 6. The trp repressor then protein binds to the operator, 7. The trp repressor protein blocks RNA polymerase from binding to the promote, and 8. Transcription of trp gene stops.
What is prokaryotic gene transcription?Prokaryotic gene transcription requires the DNA sequence (in this case tryptophan gene) which is first synthesized as a single mRNA molecule called an operon and then divided into different sequences that will lead to the generation of diverse proteins by the process of translation in the cytoplasm.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that prokaryotic gene transcription generates an operon by using an RNA polymerase that is finally repressed by the repressor protein.
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