what percentage of earth is covered in snow and ice?

They suggest a setting where the sediment was wet and later dried off. A tidal flat or flood plain might be such a setting.

An area of the earth's surface known as the depositional environment is where sediments are laid down and has specific chemical, biological, and physical properties. There are three different types of depositional habitats: continental, marginal marine, and marine environments.

A depositional environment is a particular kind of location where sediments are deposited, such as a stream channel, a lake, or the bottom of a deep ocean. They are frequently referred to as sedimentary environments.

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Tenacity refers to a mineral's ability to resist breaking, bending, or otherwise deforming.

In other words, it describes how tough and resilient a mineral is under stress. There are several different terms that can be used to describe a mineral's tenacity, including brittle, malleable, ductile, sectile, and flexible.

Brittle minerals are those that break or shatter easily when subjected to stress, while malleable minerals can be bent or molded without breaking. Ductile minerals can be stretched or pulled into thin wires or sheets, while sectile minerals can be cut into thin slices with a knife.

Flexible minerals can be bent or twisted without breaking, but they will not retain their new shape once the stress is removed. Understanding a mineral's tenacity is important for identifying and classifying minerals, as well as for predicting their behavior under various geological conditions.

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(a) adding iron to the oceans so that the threat of global warming can be addressed through geoengineering strategies.

Major radiative forcing geoengineering techniques discussed in the literature include stratospheric aerosol injection,sea sky brightening,cirrus thinning, space mirrors,surface-based brightening,and various radiation management techniques.Albedo enhancement. Increase the reflectivity of clouds or the Earth's surface so that more of the Sun's heat is reflected back into space.Space reflectors. By blocking a small proportion of sunlight before stratospheric aerosols reach Earth, some geoengineering schemes propose solar radiation management technologies that modify the Earth's albedo or reflect incoming short-wavelength sunlight.Human activity is driving this change, primarily through the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, which are released.

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During the process of adiabatic cooling, the temperature decreases as air expands because the expansion of the air causes it to do work on its surroundings, which in turn lowers its internal energy, resulting in a decrease in temperature.

Adiabatic heating and cooling are thermodynamic processes that occur without the exchange of heat or matter between the system and its surroundings. These processes occur as a result of changes in the internal energy of the system caused by work done on or by the system.

During adiabatic heating, a gas is compressed, which increases its pressure and temperature. The work done on the gas during compression is converted into an increase in the internal energy of the gas, resulting in a higher temperature. This increase in temperature is due to the gas molecules having a higher average kinetic energy and moving faster.

On the other hand, during adiabatic cooling, a gas is allowed to expand, which reduces its pressure and temperature. The work done by the gas during expansion decreases its internal energy, resulting in a lower temperature. This decrease in temperature is due to the gas molecules having a lower average kinetic energy and moving slower.

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The geologic timescale is a system of chronological dating that classifies Earth's history into different time intervals on significant geological events

The four main subdivisions of the geologic timescale, from most recent to oldest, are:A. Cenozoic: This is the most recent subdivision, spanning from 66 million years ago to the present day. It is characterized by the rise of mammals, birds, and flowering plants, as well as the evolution of modern humans.B. Mesozoic: This subdivision spans from 252 to 66 million years ago and is known as the "Age of Reptiles." It includes the famous dinosaurs, as well as the emergence of birds, flowering plants, and the first mammals.C. Paleozoic: This subdivision spans from 541 to 252 million years ago and is known as the "Age of Invertebrates." It includes the rise of complex life forms such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, and insects.D. Precambrian: This is the oldest subdivision, spanning from the formation of the Earth (4.6 billion years ago) to 541 million years ago. It includes the earliest known forms of life, such as bacteria and algae, and the evolution of simple multicellular organisms.

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Note that the causes in Dafur matched with their direct effect are given as follows:

The Janjaweed militia were a group of Arab tribes in Darfur, Sudan, who were accused of carrying out mass atrocities against black African tribes during the Darfur conflict in the early 2000s.

They were alleged to have been backed by the Sudanese government, and their actions were condemned by the international community as genocide and war crimes.

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Answer:

Reports of violence reach the international community → right here is what you put: financial assistance sent to Sudan from other countries

And an Unfair treatment of black Africans by Sudan's government black Africans demand more representation in government

Janjaweed militia, backed by military, attacks black Africans → thousands of deaths among black Africans

drought conflict between black Africans and Arab nomads over land and water use

But wait

Who were these people that me and that other brainly user is telling you about, well? Well:

The Janjaweed militia were a group of Arab tribes in Darfur, Sudan, who were accused of carrying out mass atrocities against black African tribes. There was war and havock such then, people. Bad times because of just the color of their skin in some issues.

Explanation:

D Turbidity currents have high concentrations of sediments, making them heavy enough to travel down slopes coherently, even in marine environments.

E. In the Gigapan image, the sedimentary layers can be described as turbidites that were formed by repeated deposition of sediments from turbidity currents in a marine setting.

This outcrop was formed when turbidity currents repeatedly deposited sediments as individual layers in a marine setting. These layers then lithified into sedimentary rock. The rocks were later slightly deformed and metamorphosed and then brought to the surface by erosion for us to investigate.

Investigating the patterns, textures, and sedimentary structures within sedimentary rocks is one of the best ways to reconstruct past environmental conditions from the rock record. Sedimentary rocks that have undergone little to no deformation, like here, provide some of the most critical pieces of information that allow geologists to reconstruct the history and evolution of Earth’s near-surface conditions.

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Full Question : Now we know that current velocity, or energy, and sediment size are correlated. High velocities only allow large grains to settle out, and only low velocities can allow for very fine grains to settle out and be deposited. So, how do graded beds form? They must represent a transition from a high to low energy current because they possess a transition from large to small grains.

Turbidity currents are water currents that are heavy because they possess a high sediment concentration. They commonly start as slope failures in shallow marine settings like a lake or ocean margin, then travel down the sloped margin, eventually depositing their loads at the bottom where it flattens out. Sediment layers deposited by these currents are called turbidites. In this activity, choose from statements about turbidity currents and graded-bed formation as exemplified in the Gigapan image. Read the following statements and select which are true. Specifically, focus on the relationships between grain size and velocities in turbidity currents.

Select the two that apply.

a. Sedimentary rocks like these are made from mud only.

b. The fractures in the rock affected the way in which the sedimentary layers were deposited.

c. The sediments exposed in this outcrop were likely deposited in a single, massive turbidity current.

d. Turbidity currents have high concentrations of sediments, making them heavy enough to travel down slopes coherently, even in marine environments.

e. In the Gigapan image, the sedimentary layers can be described as turbidites that were formed by repeated deposition of sediments from turbidity currents in a marine setting.

The most likely reason for dark moths beginning to outnumber white moths in cities after the Industrial Revolution is that light-colored moths were less favored for survival in the new environment.

Dark moths began to outnumber white moths in cities after the Industrial Revolution primarily because light-colored moths were less favored for survival in the new environment. The pollution and soot from factories and other industrial activities darkened the bark of trees in urban areas, providing better camouflage for dark-colored moths. This gave dark moths a survival advantage over light-colored moths, which were more visible to predators. As a result, over time, the population of dark moths increased while that of light-colored moths decreased. This phenomenon is an example of natural selection and demonstrates how human activities can have unintended consequences on the environment and the species that inhabit it.

This is because the soot and pollution from factories and other industrial activities darkened the bark of trees in urban areas, providing better camouflage for dark-colored moths. As a result, dark moths had a higher survival rate than light-colored moths, leading to an increase in their population over time. The other options listed are not supported by scientific evidence and are therefore less likely to be the cause of the change in moth populations.

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For a number of causes, the fossil record is incomplete. Many fossils that did form have been lost by erosion and shifting of the earth's surface, and many more may never be discovered because they are buried underground or submerged beneath water.

In addition, many species died before being buried in sediments, which prevented them from becoming fossils.

Furthermore, the fossil record only provides a snapshot of ancient life; it's possible that certain species existed before and after fossilisation episodes but were not preserved as a result.

Finally, living organisms are continually developing, and many species may have evolved and become extinct before they could be fossilised. The fossil record is imperfect for the reasons listed above, among others.

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Answer:

b. subduction zones

Explanation:

Clasts, or plant and animal remains, are the fragments of pre-existing rocks that are compressed and bonded together to form sedimentary rocks.

The formation of sedimentary rocks from loose sediments through the process of compression and cementation, also known as lithification. Naturally, melting is the process by which solid rock is transformed back into liquid magma. A process that takes hundreds of millions of years is the rock cycle.

Squeezing air or water between sediment particles is known as compaction. The process by which minerals bond individual sediment grains together is known as cementation.

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Rayleigh waves are the slowest of all the seismic wave types and in some ways the most complicated.

A seismic wave is an acoustic energy wave that travels through the Earth or another planet. It can be caused by an earthquake (or quake in general), a volcanic eruption, magma movement, a large landslide, or a large man-made explosion that generates low-frequency acoustic energy.

Seismologists study seismic waves by recording them with seismometers, hydrophones (in water), or accelerometers. Seismic waves differ from seismic noise (ambient vibration), which is persistent low-amplitude vibration caused by a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources.

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Option A is the most associated with this population pyramid news paper headline.

The population pyramid is a graphical depiction of a population's age and gender makeup. The quantity of persons in different age groups is represented by age structure, which is an important indication of population composition. A population pyramid (age structure diagram) or "age-sex pyramid" is a graphical representation of the distribution of a population (usually that of a nation or part of the world) by age groups and sex; when the population is expanding, it typically assumes the shape of a pyramid. No single pyramid can be declared to be the finest. Population pyramids are broader at the bottom and thinner at the top, where most births and deaths occur. To maintain its population, the base of such a pyramid must also be thin.

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The Earth and planets provided a comprehensive explanation for a wide range of celestial phenomena, from the stars and planets to the phases of the Moon and the retrograde motion of the planets.

Copernicus believed that the rotation of the Earth on its axis was responsible for the daily motions of the stars and planets in the sky. As the Earth rotates, it appears as though the stars and planets are moving across the sky, but in reality, it is the Earth's rotation that is causing this apparent motion.

However, Copernicus' theory also explained other celestial phenomena, such as the phases of the Moon. He observed that the Moon appeared to go through a series of phases, from new to full and back to new again, and he explained this as being caused by the Moon's position relative to the Earth and Sun.

Additionally, Copernicus' theory accounted for the retrograde motion of the planets, which was a puzzling phenomenon to earlier astronomers. As the planets move in their orbits around the Sun, they occasionally appear to reverse their motion and move backwards for a time. Copernicus explained this as being caused by the relative motion of the Earth and the other planets, and the fact that the Earth moves faster in its orbit than the outer planets.

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The New Jersey Plan called for all of the following EXCEPT:

B. The elimination of a Supreme Court.

The New Jersey Plan was one of the proposals for the structure of the United States government put forward at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. It was presented as an alternative to the Virginia Plan, which proposed a strong federal government with a two-house legislature.

The New Jersey Plan called for a unicameral (one-house) legislature, in which each state would have equal representation and the principle of "one state, one vote" would apply. It also proposed an executive branch made up of several people elected by Congress, and a Supreme Court to be appointed by the executive. Additionally, the New Jersey Plan proposed that acts of Congress would be the supreme law of the land and that Congress would have the ability to regulate trade and impose taxes.

Thus, the New Jersey Plan did not call for the elimination of a Supreme Court, which distinguishes it from the other proposals put forward at the Constitutional Convention.

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When the sun, moon, and Earth are in alignment (at the new or full moon), the solar tide adds to the lunar tide, resulting in extra-high high tides and very low, low tides—both known as spring tides.

There are three basic tidal patterns in the world: semidiurnal, mixed, and diurnal. A semidiurnal tide occurs when both high tides are roughly equal to each other and both low tides are roughly equal. A mixed tide occurs when the two highs and lows differ significantly.

This is the most common tidal pattern, with two highs and two lows each day and little variation in the height of successive high or low waters, and it is found along much of North America's east coast.

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option 1)  The Red Sea. is active sea-floor spreading occurring today.Some of the world's hottest and saltiest seawater can be found in the Red Sea.

The Red Sea is the saltiest of all the seas that connect to the ocean without the presence of a single river. One popular theory for the Red Sea's name is that it contains a cyanobacterium called Trichodesmium erythraeum, which turns the normally blue-green water reddish-brown.

Some of the world's hottest and saltiest seawater can be found in the Red Sea. It is one of the most heavily traveled waterways in the world, carrying maritime traffic between Europe and Asia via its connection to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal. Its name comes from the color changes seen in its waters.

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Full Question :Where is active sea-floor spreading occurring today?

The series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes is called the rock cycle.

Crystallization, metamorphism, and sedimentation are the three processes that are responsible for the transformation of one rock into another. By undergoing one or more of these processes, any type of rock has the potential to metamorphose into any other type of rock. This results in the formation of the rock cycle.

The rock cycle is an explanation of the relationships between the three different types of rocks and how the mechanisms that alter rocks from one type to another over time. Due to the cyclical nature of this process, the transformation of rock is referred to as a geologic cycle and, on planets that support life, a biogeochemical cycle.

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Answer: Saint-Malo is a historic French port in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany on the English Channel coast. The walled city had a long history of piracy, earning much wealth from local extortion and overseas adventures. In 1944, the Allies heavily bombarded Saint-Malo, which was garrisoned by German troops.

Explanation:

Answer: Russia was ally of France and great Britain

The Ottoman Empire came into World War I as one of the Central Powers. The Ottoman Empire entered the war by carrying out a surprise attack on Russia's Black Sea coast on 29 October 1914, with Russia responding by declaring war on 2 November 1914.

During World War I, France was one of the Triple Entente powers allied against the Central Powers.

Answer:

24)=A,25)=c

Explanation:

24) ans is A

25) ans is C

The Caucasus, also known as the Russian Kavkaz, is a mountainous area between the Black Sea in the west and the Caspian Sea in the east that is inhabited by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

The Iranian plateau and the south Caspian Sea are separated by the Alborz mountain range. It has sedimentary strata that range in age from the Upper Devonian to the Oligocene, with Jurassic limestone predominating atop a granite core, and is only 60–130 km broad. The Crimean Mountains, located in southern Crimea, the Pontic Mountains (Kaçkar Dalar), in northern Anatolia, the Strandzha, a tiny mountain range in southeast Bulgaria, and the Caucasus Mountains are the principal mountain ranges that border the Black Sea. The Caucasus Mountain Range, or simply the Caucasus Mountains, is the name of the mountain range that spans the Black and Caspian Seas. Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, and Iran all have territories in the Caucasus, a hilly isthmus of territory wedged between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The 700 km (430 mi) long (Russian: aнал "враи") Eurasia Canal would run through the Kuma-Manych Depression and connect the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea. Currently, this path is occupied by a number of lakes and reservoirs as well as the shallow irrigation Kuma-Manych Canal. is sometimes referred to as the Caucasus Mountain Range or simply as the Caucasus Mountains. Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, and Iran all have territories in the Caucasus, a hilly isthmus of territory wedged between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The 700 km (430 mi) long (Russian: aнал "враи") Eurasia Canal would run through the Kuma-Manych Depression and connect the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea. Currently, this path is occupied by a number of lakes and reservoirs as well as the shallow irrigation Kuma-Manych Canal.

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Answer:

study of earth, divided between physical and historical

Explanation:

Answer: i think c

Explanation:

Nondisjunction plays a role in the formation of a fertile allopolyploid hybrid by doubling the chromosome number in the hybrid.

Nondisjunction is an error in cell division that occurs when chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis, leading to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes. In the context of allopolyploid hybridization, nondisjunction can occur when gametes from the two parent species with different chromosome numbers combine, resulting in a hybrid with a doubled chromosome number. This can lead to the formation of a fertile allopolyploid hybrid, as the doubled chromosome number can result in hybrid offspring with new combinations of traits and an increased level of genetic diversity.

Allopolyploidy is a type of hybridization where two different species mate and produce offspring with a doubled set of chromosomes. This is because the hybrid offspring inherit one set of chromosomes from each parent, resulting in a chromosome number that is twice that of the parent species.

In order for an allopolyploid hybrid to be fertile and capable of producing viable offspring, it is important that the chromosomes from the two parent species are able to pair and align properly during meiosis. This is where nondisjunction comes into play. Nondisjunction is a type of meiotic error where the chromosomes do not separate properly, resulting in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

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Scientists believe an asteroid struck the Yucatan Peninsula in central America. by suppressing photosynthesis and obstructing the sun.

The more than 10-kilometer-diameter asteroid hit a shallow ocean and shattered the planet's crust several kilometres below the surface. It melted, evaporated, and shattered the carbonate and sulphate-containing Yucatan target rocks as well as ocean water. A crater with a diameter of around 200 kilometres resulted as a result. beginning of the Chicxulub Drilling Project in Mexico's Yucatan On December 3, a scientific deep drilling operation into the Chicxulub crater, which was created about 65 million years ago by the impact of an asteroid and is thought to have led to the extinction of the dinosaurs and other species, will begin on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico.

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Subduction zones occur at convergent plate boundaries, where two tectonic plates move towards  other and one plate sinks beneath.

The sinking plate, known as the subducting plate, sinks into the Earth's mantle and begins to melt, producing magma. This magma rises and can form volcanoes along the edge of the overlying plate, creating a chain of volcanic islands such as the Aleutian Islands or the Japanese island arc.The subduction process also generates earthquakes, as the subducting plate grinds against the overriding plate and releases built-up stress. The boundary between the two plates is known as the Benioff Zone, and it is characterized by a series of shallow and deep earthquakes that occur at depths of around 70 km to 700 km.Subduction zones are found along the margins of continents, where oceanic plates collide with and sink beneath continental plates. Some examples of subduction zones include the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Andes Mountains of South America, and the Sumatra-Java trench in the Indian Ocean.

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Answer:

a divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plays move away from each other.

The countries of the Southwest Asia have They all draw water from the Tigris, the Euphrates, or the Jordan River in common,

The nations in Southwest Asia, also known as the Middle East, share several common characteristics, including:

Historical and cultural ties: The countries in Southwest Asia have a rich cultural heritage that is rooted in their shared history, including the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Persia.

Religious diversity: The region is home to a diverse range of religious communities, including Muslims, Christians, Jews, and other religious minorities.

Economic reliance on oil: Many of the nations in Southwest Asia have economies that are heavily reliant on oil exports.

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Answer:

If there were two suns equally distant from the Earth in the north and south, the climate on Earth would be dramatically different from what we have today.

Explanation:

With two suns, the amount of sunlight and heat that Earth would receive would be significantly increased, which could have a profound effect on the planet's climate and weather patterns.

At the equator, temperatures would be much higher, potentially making it uninhabitable. The poles would also experience increased temperatures, which could melt the ice caps and cause significant rising of sea levels.

The increase in sunlight could also affect the growth patterns of plants and the migration patterns of animals, potentially leading to changes in the food chain and ecosystem.

It's worth noting that this scenario is purely hypothetical and not based on any scientific evidence. However, it serves to demonstrate the potential impact that changes in our celestial environment can have on the Earth's climate and ecosystems.

Answer:

If there were two suns equally distant from the Earth in the north and south, the climate would be significantly warmer than it is currently. This is because the increased amount of sunlight would cause temperatures to rise and the presence of two suns in the sky would also add to the overall solar radiation reaching the surface of the Earth. Additionally, the increased temperatures would lead to increased evaporation and more precipitation, resulting in wetter and more humid conditions.