The correct answer is option B: sugar and organic substances are moved down in translocation.
The movement of water, dissolved minerals, and food molecules within a plant is known as translocation. Since it is through this process that nutrients and water are transferred from the roots to the leaves, it is crucial for the life of the plant.
Translocation is a very efficient mechanism; the force of transpiration pushes the water up the plant and the capillarity of the vascular system helps the water flow upwards. The sugar and other organic materials created in the leaves during photosynthesis are then transported to the plant's roots.
This is accomplished by moving the sugar and organic molecules through the plant's vascular system through a process known as phloem transport.
Additionally, this procedure aids in the transfer of nutrients between plant parts and their storage for later use. Without translocation, no plant would be able to live and generate food for humans. Translocation is an essential step for plant existence.
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describe what heredity is and how it works in mice.
Answer:
Heredity refers to the transmission of genetic information from one generation to another through the genetic material (DNA) of an organism. In mice, heredity works by passing on specific traits and characteristics from parents to offspring through the genes located on the chromosomes. These genes contain the instructions for the production of specific proteins, which determine the physical and behavioral traits of an individual. During reproduction, the genetic material from the parents is combined to form the DNA of the offspring, resulting in a unique combination of traits from both parents. The process of heredity helps to ensure the survival of species by enabling organisms to pass on beneficial traits to their offspring, allowing them to adapt to changing environments.
Explanation:
The many branches leading into the human lungs become smaller until they end in small sacs called alveoli. Each alveolus is surrounded by a net of tiny capillaries.How does the finely branched structure of the capillary nets relate to their function in the respiratory system?Answer options with 4 optionsA.The branching capillaries allow the flowing blood to warm all of the surfaces of the alveoli.B.The branching capillaries attach to the walls of the alveoli to keep them expanded and full of air.C.The branching capillaries join bundles of alveoli together and keep them separated from other bundles.D.The branching capillaries provide many points where the capillaries and alveoli touch and exchange gases.
Answer: D. The branching capillaries provide many points where the capillaries and alveoli touch and exchange gases.
Explanation: The finely branched structure of the capillary nets is essential for their function in the respiratory system. Here's why:
Gas exchange: The main function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream. The alveoli are responsible for this gas exchange. The branching capillaries surround each alveolus, forming a dense network that allows for efficient exchange of gases.
Increased surface area: The branching capillaries increase the surface area available for gas exchange. The numerous branches create a large total area for contact between the capillaries and the alveoli. This increased surface area allows for a higher rate of diffusion, ensuring that oxygen can enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide can be removed efficiently.
Close proximity: The capillaries in the respiratory system are in close proximity to the alveoli. This proximity ensures that the distance for gas exchange is minimal, allowing for a rapid exchange of gases across the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries.
Thin walls: Both the alveoli and capillaries have thin walls, which further facilitates gas exchange. The thin walls allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse across easily.
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which of the following components of a nucleotide bond together to form the backbone of a dna molecule? which of the following components of a nucleotide bond together to form the backbone of a dna molecule? nitrogenous base and sugar nitrogenous base and phosphate phosphate and sugar
A sugar-phosphate backbone is created when the 5-carbon sugar and phosphate groups join forces with additional nucleotides.
What is the name of the bond that makes up the nucleic acid backbone?
The nucleic acid strands that make up all of the life that exists on Earth are held together by phosphodiester bonds. When precisely two hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid combine with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form ester bonds, the resulting bond is known as a phosphodiester bond.
The DNA double helix is composed of the bases in the centre and the sugar and phosphate group as its backbone. The backbone is held together by a chemical connection between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of a nearby nucleotide.
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which type of grain contains all the essential parts of the entire grain seed in its original proportions?
All three kernel components are present in whole grains. The bran and germ are typically removed during refining, leaving only the endosperm. A grain loses roughly 25% of its protein when the bran and germ are removed, and at least seventeen essential elements are also significantly diminished.
Dry grains last longer after harvest than other staples like tubers and starchy fruits (like plantains, breadfruit, etc). (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). Grains may be mechanically harvested, transported by train or ship, kept for extended periods of time in silos, and processed or pressed to produce flour or oil because to their sturdiness. With crops like maize, rice, soybeans, wheat, and other grains, the grain market is a significant global market for commodities.
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each of the following statements about meiosis is true except a. somatic cells do not enter into meiosis. b. during meiosis, crossing-over often occurs between homologous chromosomes. c. the products of normal meiosis are haploid. d. the complete process of meiosis always produces four gametes.
From the given question, all the statements about meiosis are true. Nothing from the given is incorrect. In reality, somatic cells do not undergo meiosis.
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that only occurs in the cells that give rise to gametes (sperm and egg cells). Somatic cells undergo a different type of cell division called mitosis, which results in two identical daughter cells. During meiosis, crossing-over often occurs between homologous chromosomes. This is a process where genetic material is exchanged between paired chromosomes, leading to genetic diversity. The products of normal meiosis are haploid. Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division that result in the production of four haploid cells, each containing one set of chromosomes. The complete process of meiosis always produces four gametes. This is true, as the end result of meiosis is the production of four haploid gametes that can fuse with another gamete during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.
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The primary purpose of fruits is
A. attracting pollinators
B. providing nutrients to seeds
C. protecting the seeds from animals
D. protecting and dispersing the seeds
E. providing nutrients to animals
Fruits' main function is to preserve and spread their seeds.
Is fruit the main means of seed dispersal?Many plant species rely on their fruits to help spread their seeds. The seeds of dehiscent fruits, such as poppy capsules, are typically distributed from the fruits themselves, which may still be attached to the plant. The fruit and seeds are frequently transferred away from the parent plant together in fleshy or indehiscent fruits.
What is a primary function's name?The major component of a programme description is a self-contained set of statements that includes lines of code or several functions. The M-file is the name of the main function, which is where the programme description is described.
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Select each of the following organisms whose cells reproduce by binary fission.
Your answer:
Earthworm
Coli
Salmonella
Spotted qecko
Out of the organisms listed, only "E. Coli" and "Salmonella" reproduce by binary fission. Option B and C are correct.
Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, is a unicellular prokaryotic organism that reproduces by binary fission. During binary fission, the E. coli cell replicates its DNA and divides into two identical daughter cells.
Salmonella is a unicellular, rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium that reproduces by binary fission. During binary fission, the bacterial cell replicates its DNA and then splits into two identical daughter cells. This is the most common method of reproduction for bacterial cells and allows Salmonella to increase in number rapidly. Salmonella can be a pathogenic bacteria and can cause food poisoning in humans and animals.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Select each of the following organisms whose cells reproduce by binary fission. A) Earthworm B) E. Coli C) Salmonella D) Spotted qecko"--
the specialized phospholipid 'sphingomyelin' (best known for its role in forming the myelin sheath insulating peripheral nerves) is found as a component of the
Sphingomyelin is a specialized phospholipid found in membranes of myelin sheath which surrounds the axons of nerve cell.
Myelin sheath which covers the nerve cell axons are rich in sphingomyelin. The role of myelin sheath is to protect and support nerve cells. As signals pass through the axons as action potentials the myelin sheath acts as an insulator.
The role of sphingomyelin was unknown until recently. Apart from acting as an insulator, it also has role in signal transduction. The synthesis of sphingomyelin produces diacylglycerol, which acts as a secondary messenger. The degradation of sphingomyelin produces ceramide, which has role in apoptotic signaling pathway.
So sphingomyelin is present membranes of myelin sheath which surrounds the axons of nerve cell.
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nondisjunction that leads to problems in offspring can occur in _____.
Nondisjunction that causes problems in offspring can occur in meiosis I and II. As a result of nondisjunction, the chromatids do not separate, hence, one cell acquires both chromatids and other cell no chromatids.
Where does nondisjunction occur?Nondisjunction, in which the chromosomes do not segregate evenly, can occur in meiosis I (layer 1), meiosis II (layer 2), and mitosis (layer 3). These unequal divisions can produce daughter cells with unexpected chromosome numbers called aneuploids.
What happens when nondisjunction occurs?When nondisjunction occurs, the chromatids do not separate. As a result, one cell acquires both chromatids and the other cell acquires no chromatids. Upon completion of mitosis, each daughter cell has an abnormal number of chromosomes. One cell has an extra chromosome and the other cell has no chromosome
What are main types of nondisjunction?There are three types of nondisjunction: Failure to separate homologous chromosome pairs at meiosis I, failure to separate sister chromatids at meiosis II, and failure to separate sister chromatids at mitosis. Nondisjunction results in daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy).
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Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals? a) Tundra. b) Desert.c) Tropical rainforest.d) Pine forest.
Answer:
C. Tropical Rain forest
Explanation:
The rain forests hold 50 percent of all plants and animals found on land.
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histone methyltransferases are a class of enzymes that methylate certain amino acid sequences in histone proteins. a research team found that transcription of gene rr decreases when histone methyltransferase activity is inhibited. which scientific claim is most consistent with these findings? responses dnadna methylation inhibits transcription of gene rr. d n a methylation inhibits transcription of gene r . histone modifications of genes are usually not reversible. histone modifications of genes are usually not reversible. histone methylation condenses the chromatin at gene rr so transcription factors cannot bind to dnadna. histone methylation condenses the chromatin at gene r so transcription factors cannot bind to d n a . histone methylation opens up chromatin at gene rr so transcription factors can bind to dnadna more easily.
Histone methylation allows transcription factors to bind to DNADNA more readily at gene RR by opening up the chromatin there.
By activating or preventing the transcriptional potential of genomic regions, the combinatorial pattern of DNA and histone modifications acts as an epigenetic "code" that shapes gene-expression patterns. Histone alterations, notably the presence of H3K9 methylation and the absence of histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me0), are linked to DNA methylation. Three protein domains—ATRX-Dnmt3-Dnmt3L [ADD], Cys-X-X-Cys [CXXC], and the methyl-CpG-binding domain [MBD]—as well as the functional consequences of their domain design are the main topics of this article. These processes in mammalian cells link histone methylation and DNA methylation. The H3K4me0-interacting ADD domain of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a and its accessory protein DNMT3L connects the DNA methylation process with unmodified H3K4. The CpG-interacting CXXC domain of the H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1 may connect the H3K4 methylation response to unmethylated DNA.
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peregrine falcons are known for their maneuvering ability. in a tight circular turn, a falcon can attain a centripetal acceleration 1.5 times the free-fall acceleration.true/false
It is True that peregrine falcons are known for their maneuvering ability. in a tight circular turn, a falcon can attain a centripetal acceleration 1.5 times the free-fall acceleration.
Peregrine falcons are known for their exceptional maneuverability, which is largely due to their ability to achieve high speeds and accelerate quickly. In a tight circular turn, a falcon can attain a centripetal acceleration that is estimated to be 3 to 4 times the acceleration due to gravity or free-fall acceleration. Therefore, a centripetal acceleration 1.5 times the free-fall acceleration is well within the realm of possibility for a peregrine falcon.
Peregrine falcons are among the fastest birds in the world, capable of reaching speeds of over 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) during a dive or stoop, making them the fastest animals on the planet. They are able to achieve these incredible speeds due to their streamlined body shape and powerful wings, which allow them to generate lift and reduce drag.
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NGSSS Check 3. Describe some characteristics used to group organisms into different kingdoms. SC.6.L.15.1
organisms are grouped into different kingdom by:
Complexity of cells either Prokaryotic or eukaryoticthe modes of nutrition either Autotrophic or heterotrophic Phylogenetic relationship either Closeness between organisms in terms of evolution.Complexity of the organism either Unicellular or multi,,
Answer:
In biology, organisms are grouped into different kingdoms based on several characteristics, including:
Cell type: Organisms are classified based on the type of cells they possess, such as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Mode of nutrition: Organisms are classified based on their mode of nutrition, such as autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Body organization: Organisms are classified based on their body organization, such as single-celled or multi-cellular.
Reproduction: Organisms are classified based on their method of reproduction, such as asexual or sexual.
Evolutionary history: Organisms are classified based on their evolutionary history and relationships to other species.
Explanation:
These characteristics are used to place organisms into one of five main kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
What is the problem with the biological species concept?
According to the generally recognised Biological Species Concept (BSC), a species is any collection of organisms that is able to interbreed and produce viable offspring.
However, there are certain restrictions and disadvantages to this idea. The BSC has a significant flaw in that it is unable to distinguish between species in asexual organisms, like the majority of bacteria, which may reproduce without the need of two separate parents.
Furthermore, because hybrids typically lack the ability to generate healthy offspring because of the blending of diverse genetic materials, the idea fails to detect species in hybrids. Furthermore, because the BSC depends on being able to monitor a species' reproductive activities, it cannot be used to study extinct species.
Finally, the notion relies significantly on the common assumption that species are unique and reproductively separated, which is not necessarily true. The power of the Biological Species Concept to precisely define species is therefore constrained.
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the destruction of the fibrin of a blood clot is called___-Fibrinolysis.-Plasmin-Thrombus-Embolus
The destruction of the fibrin of a blood clot is called Fibrinolysis.
Fibrinolysis is the process through which blood clots are prevented from forming and becoming harmful. Primary fibrinolysis is a natural bodily activity, whereas secondary fibrinolysis is the breakdown of clots caused by a medication, a medical issue, or another factor. A fibrin clot, the product of coagulation, is broken down during fibrinolysis. Its major enzyme, plasmin, breaks the fibrin mesh at numerous points, resulting in circulating pieces that are removed by other proteases or the kidney and liver.
The formation of a blood clot, known as a thrombus, within a blood vessel is referred to as thrombosis. It hinders regular blood flow through the circulatory system. Thrombosis is a potentially fatal condition that can affect anyone of any age, race, gender, or ethnicity. The body's first line of defence against bleeding is blood clotting, often known as coagulation. When we injure ourselves, our coagulation system generates a "plug" or "seal" to keep us from bleeding too much. Our bodies usually break down the clot once we've healed, however clots might form incorrectly or fail to dissolve after an injury. A thrombus is a blood clot that forms and remains in a blood vessel.
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The Mohorovicic discontinuity is the __________.
A) division between the lithosphere and asthenosphere
B) boundary between solid and molten rock
C) transition from granitic to basaltic crust
D) boundary between outer core and inner core
E) boundary where crust gives way to mantle
The line between the crust and mantle is known as the Mohorovicic Discontinuity, abbreviated Moho. This barrier is situated at a depth of the Earth's surface of about 2891 kilometres.
The boundary between both the crust and the mantle is currently known as the Mohorovii discontinuity, sometimes referred to as the Moho. It is a distinct leap in seismic wave velocity. As you are surely aware, the earth's surface and mantle are separated by the Mohorovicic Discontinuity. It would be constructed of many elements, including oxygen, iron, sodium, silicon, & aluminium. Rocks that make it up the Earth's crust & mantle would contain these elements.
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deinococcus radiodurans is a species of extremophile archaea that can withstand extreme radiation, freezing, dehydration and acids. how do we know that we (humans) share a common ancestor with deinococcus radiodurans?
By comparing the genomes of D. radiodurans and humans, we can identify genes and pathways that are conserved across all living organisms, providing strong evidence for a shared ancestry.
We know that all living organisms on Earth share a common ancestor because they all use the same genetic code, and share many fundamental cellular and molecular processes. The genetic code, which determines the amino acid sequence of proteins, is almost identical in all living organisms, from bacteria to humans. This suggests that all organisms share a common ancestor that used this code.
Deinococcus radiodurans is a prokaryotic organism, which means that it lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Humans, on the other hand, are eukaryotic organisms, which means that our cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Despite these differences, we share many common genes and biochemical pathways with D. radiodurans, suggesting that we share a common ancestor.
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explain how temperature and rainfall affect the distribution of biomes
The increase in temperature and an increase of rain increases forests. Less water and cooler temperature can result in grasslands biome.
forest is an important biome as it evolves maximum oxygen and resources for the organisms.
The maximum growth rate of the forest depends on the temperatures rise above 10 °C and is in the warmest months and the annual rain is more than 200 mm, heavy rainfall is needed to grow the forest.
In biome growth takes place in region of high latitudes (60° to 90°) which is farthest from the equator which receive the least amount of sunlight and have lower temperatures.
taiga and tundra is the example of biome.
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which group of macromolecules is gluten classified as?
Gluten is classified as a protein, which is one of the four main macromolecules along with carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Gluten is a type of protein, which is one of the four main macromolecules or biomolecules found in living organisms. Specifically, gluten is a mixture of two proteins called glutenin and gliadin, which are found in wheat and related grains such as barley and rye.
Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids, which are held together by peptide bonds. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its unique structure and function. Gluten is known for its unique properties, including its ability to form a network of protein strands that give the dough its elasticity and ability to rise.
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specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestine are the?
The answer is enterocytes. Enterocytes, sometimes referred to as absorptive cells, are the main cells of the small intestine that are in charge of absorbing nutrients, electrolytes, and water.
Due to the existence of microvilli, which increase the surface area and aid in the absorption process, they are located in the small intestine lining and are specifically designed for absorption. Enzymes, hormones, and mucus that aid in food digestion are also secreted by enterocytes. It is the job of the enterocytes, specialized cells found in the small intestine, to absorb nutrients from food particles that have been digested. Aside from these functions, they also transport ions and electrolytes, secrete digestive enzymes, and take part in the immunological response.
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Complete the phrase below. Each member must contribute one complete sentence. The words prokaryotic and eukaryotic must be used:
Answer: for bacteria and fungi, protozoan, plantae and animalia.
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells have-:
genetic material on single chromosome,do not have nuclear membrane,single cell have simple structure,golgi bodies, chloroplast, and lysosomes are not present.Eukaryotic cells have-:
nuclear membrane present,mitochondria is present,cell divide by mitosis,cell wall is present.the lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of
The lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of lactose.
Lac repressor A DNA-binding protein called the lac repressor prevents the expression of genes that code for proteins involved in lactose metabolism in bacteria.The lac operon's transcription is repressed (inhibited) by the lac repressor protein. In order to accomplish this, it binds to the promoter's partially overlapping operator.The lac repressor (LacI) works by using a helix-turn-helix motif in its DNA-binding domain to bind base-specifically to the major groove of the lac operon's operator region. Base contacts are also made by residues of symmetry-related alpha helices, or helices, which bind strongly in the minor curveFor more information on lac repressor kindly visit to
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the term lymphadenopathy refers to group of answer choices accumulations of lymph in the tissue space. increased numbers of circulating lymphocytes. a chronic or excessive enlargement of lymph nodes. the lack of lymphocytes in peripheral circulation. a congenital lack of lymph nodes.
A condition known as lymphadenopathy or adenopathy causes the Lymphocytes to grow or behave abnormally. The most frequent type of lymphadenopathy is lymphadenitis, which results in swollen or enlarged lymph nodes.
Lymphocytes are one of the subclasses of leukocytes, a type of white blood cell that is present in most vertebrates. Natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells are examples of lymphocyte types that take part in both cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity and cell-mediated, cytotoxic adaptive immunity (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity). The term "lymphocyte" refers to them as the predominant class of lymphatic cells. 18–42% of the white blood cells that are circulated throughout the body are lymphocytes.
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1. International environmental agreements include
a. The Montreal Protocol
b.
Earth Day
C.
The World Trade Organization
d. The Wilderness Act of 1964
Answer:
A, The Montreal Protocol
Explanation:
The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement aimed at protecting the Ozone layer, agreed upon in 1987!
What are the disadvantages of mammals
What is the name of the scientists who determined the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick was the scientists who discovered the structure of DNA in 1953. They presented the double helix model of DNA, which entails two strands of complementary nucleotides that wound in a spiral around one another.
Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, and Linus Pauling were just a few of the scientists whose data and theories served as the foundation for their concept. Our present knowledge of how genetic information is stored and transferred in living creatures is based on Watson and Crick's discovery of the structure of DNA, which was a significant turning point in the study of molecular biology. In 1962, Watson, Crick, and Wilkins received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their contributions.
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What is the liquid part of the blood that consists of water salts and dissolved proteins known as?
Plasma is the term for the liquid component of blood that contains dissolved proteins and water salts.
What does plasma do for your body?Plasma, the liquid component of your blood, accounts for 55% of its overall volume. In order to help your body recover from wounds, transport nutrients, remove waste, or prevent infection, plasma must flow throughout the circulatory system.
How do you get plasma from blood?Put entire plasma in some kind of a microcentrifuge tube and collect it. After gathering the whole blood, leave it unbroken at room temperature to allow your blood to coagulate. Normally, this takes 15 to 30 minutes. By centrifuging at 1,000–2,000 x g for ten min in a refrigerator, the clot can be removed.
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This image shows movement of carbon through which processes?
A) The atmosphere and hydrosphere
B) Photosynthesis and the geosphere
C) The hydropshere and geosphere
D) Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
The image shows cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
How does cellular respiration relate to photosynthesis?Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are two processes that are intimately related in the living world, as they are part of the carbon cycle and energy flow in ecosystems.
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose and other organic compounds. During photosynthesis, these organisms take in carbon dioxide and water and, using the energy from the sun, convert them into organic compounds and oxygen.
Cellular respiration, on the other hand, is the process by which cells of all living organisms break down organic compounds, such as glucose, to release the energy stored in their chemical bonds, and convert it into a form of chemical energy that the cell can use to perform work. This process involves the consumption of oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide as a waste product.
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Consider the elements, listed, found in the human body. Which two are major components, making up at least 3% each of the human body?a. hydrogen b. cobalt c. selenium d. magnesium e. carbon
The two major components that make up at least 3% each of the human body are: e. Carbon d. Magnesium
Carbon is a key component of organic molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats that make up the majority of the body's tissues. It is also a major component of DNA, which carries genetic information. Magnesium is an essential mineral that is involved in numerous cellular processes in the body, including energy production, protein synthesis, and muscle and nerve function. It is also a cofactor for many enzymes and plays a role in regulating blood pressure and blood sugar levels. While the other elements listed, such as hydrogen, cobalt, and selenium, are also found in the human body, they are present in much smaller amounts and do not make up a significant portion of the body's mass.. It is also a major component of DNA, which carries genetic information.. It is also a cofactor for many enzymes and plays a role in regulating blood pressure and blood sugar levels.
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Does protein expression begin with transcription or translation?
a. translation
b. transcription
Transcription, the act of creating a complementary RNA (cRNA) copy of a DNA sequence, is the first step in the production of proteins.
The messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is produced when the enzyme RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter region of a gene during transcription. Afterward, the mRNA molecule is moved from the nucleus and into the cell's cytoplasm, where it may be translated into a useful protein.
Decoding the mRNA into a string of amino acids that makes up a protein is known as translation. The transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are used by the ribosome to carry the relevant amino acids to the ribosome during translation after reading the mRNA codons.
The ribosome then connects the amino acids in the proper order to make a protein. Then, this protein may carry out its biological tasks. Thus, transcription precedes translation in the production of proteins.
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