A QPRI stands for Qualified Principal Residence Indebtedness. It is a specific type of discharge of debt related to a principal residence. Here's how it works:
1. To qualify as a QPRI, the debt must be incurred to acquire, construct, or substantially improve the taxpayer's principal residence.
2. The discharge of debt must be related to the taxpayer's principal residence.
3. The discharge of debt must occur between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2020.
4. The maximum amount of debt that can be discharged as QPRI is $2 million for married couples filing jointly or $1 million for single taxpayers.
5. The debt must be discharged due to a foreclosure, short sale, or loan modification.
6. The discharge of debt is excluded from the taxpayer's income, meaning they do not have to pay taxes on the forgiven amount.
It's important to note that the rules surrounding QPRI may change, so it's always a good idea to consult with a tax professional or refer to the latest IRS guidelines for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
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. Problems and Applications Q8 Suppose that people expect inflation to equal 3 percent, but in fact, prices rise by 5 percent. Indicate whether this unexpectedly high inflation rate helps or hurts each of the following groups or individuals
High inflation helps borrowers with fixed-rate debts and exporters, but hurts savers, lenders, wage earners, and fixed-income retirees.
Unexpectedly high inflation can have both positive and negative effects on different groups or individuals. Here's a breakdown:
1. Borrowers: High inflation can benefit borrowers who have fixed-rate debts. As prices rise, the real value of their debt decreases, making it easier for them to repay. However, if the borrowing terms are not adjusted for inflation, borrowers may still face financial strain due to higher nominal interest payments.
2. Savers and Lenders: High inflation hurts savers and lenders. When prices rise faster than expected, the purchasing power of their savings or loan repayments diminishes. It erodes the real return on savings and reduces the value of fixed-interest investments, such as bonds.
3. Wage Earners: If wages do not keep pace with inflation, workers experience a decline in purchasing power. Higher prices mean their income can buy less, leading to a reduced standard of living unless wages adjust accordingly.
4. Fixed-Income Retirees: Retirees who rely on fixed incomes, such as pensions or annuities, are particularly vulnerable to high inflation. As their purchasing power declines, it becomes challenging for them to maintain their desired lifestyle without additional income sources or adjustments to their retirement benefits.
5. Exporters: High inflation can potentially benefit exporters, especially if the currency depreciates as a result. A weaker currency makes exports more competitive and may increase demand for domestically produced goods and services.
6. Importers: Importers are negatively affected by high inflation, as it increases the cost of imported goods and materials. They may face higher input costs, reducing their profit margins or forcing them to pass the increased costs onto consumers in the form of higher prices.
Overall, unexpectedly high inflation tends to hurt savers, lenders, wage earners, and fixed-income retirees, while providing some advantages to borrowers and possibly exporters. The exact impact on each group depends on various factors such as the nature of their financial arrangements, wage adjustments, and exchange rate dynamics.
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Explain how warranties can be a source of profits for
companies.
Warranties are an essential aspect of the marketing industry. A guarantee of quality and serviceability provides the customer with a sense of security in their purchase and encourages loyalty. However, warranties can also be a source of profits for companies. Here are some of the ways that warranties can be profitable:
1. Upselling: When offering a warranty, the customer can be enticed to purchase a higher-priced product that includes an extended warranty. The price of the product may include the warranty cost, making it appear as though it is a valuable deal to the customer. This increase in the product's price will result in more profits for the company.
2. Higher-priced warranties: Companies can offer different tiers of warranties with various levels of coverage, such as a standard warranty or an extended warranty. The higher-priced warranties provide more extensive coverage, and their sales generate more profits.
3. Incentivizing repairs: Warranties offer free repairs for defects or malfunctions in the product. If the company encourages the customer to use their repair service for issues outside of the warranty coverage, the company can make money from the repairs.
4. Brand loyalty: Customers who have had a good experience with a product and its warranty are more likely to buy from that company again. This creates brand loyalty, which is profitable for companies.
5. Additional product sales: If the company sells the replacement parts for their products, they can offer them to customers with expiring warranties. This can lead to increased sales of replacement parts and generate more profits.
In conclusion, warranties can be an excellent source of profits for companies if they offer multiple tiers of warranties, incentivize repairs, upsell, create brand loyalty, and sell additional products to customers.
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What is industrial hygiene? Why is industrial hygiene important for you to know in your future career (ie a laboratory, machine shop etc)? How did the pandemic change typical industrial hygiene protocol for your workplace?
Industrial hygiene is an essential part of any profession that aims to safeguard employees' health and safety. During the pandemic, workplace hygiene protocols have evolved to include new procedures to protect workers from COVID-19. Therefore, it is critical to remain informed about these changes and implement them to help reduce the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace.
Industrial hygiene is important to know in any future profession, such as laboratory or machine shop, because it aims to identify, evaluate, and control hazardous substances and physical agents. This will allow workers to work safely and comfortably while avoiding illness and injuries due to occupational exposures.
The pandemic has changed traditional industrial hygiene protocols for workplaces in various ways. The following are some of the most common changes that have occurred:
1. Working remotely - With social distancing measures in place, many employees began working from home, reducing the number of people working in industrial facilities.
2. Increased hygiene measures - Facilities implemented stricter cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting protocols to ensure that surfaces are clean, and the virus does not spread.
3. Wearing PPE - Employees who work in close proximity with others are required to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid exposure to the virus.
4. Staggered work schedules - To decrease the number of workers in the facility, some employers instituted staggered work schedules.
5. Social distancing measures - To prevent virus transmission, employees were asked to maintain a safe distance from one another while in the workplace.
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An insurance company based in Newcastle is currently offering earthquake insurance to the residents of Newcaste. a. Does this represent common or independent risk? (Select from the drop-down menu.) The insurance company in this sifuation faces B. How could the ineurance company change the nature of the tisk it faces from common risk to independent risk? (Choose all carrect responsesi) A. It could offer earthquake insurance in other geographicat hyions: B. It could effer ollier types of insurance, such a fire, thet and hearth insurance C. It could only offer ineurance to people with nalid, utructuraily sound houtest. D. None of the above will be effective in reducing common tisk.
An insurance company based in Newcastle is currently offering earthquake insurance to the residents of Newcastle. This scenario represents a common risk.
A common risk is a situation in which the events that cause losses are shared by the entire group, and the losses of one member are shared by all members. In this case, all residents of Newcastle are exposed to the risk of earthquakes and are willing to pay a premium to protect themselves.
By diversifying the types of coverage it offers, the company can spread the risk among different types of losses, reducing the chance of large losses in any one area.It could only offer insurance to people with valid, structurally sound houses. By insuring only houses that meet certain structural standards, the company can reduce the risk of large losses due to structural problems.
None of the above will be effective in reducing common risk. This statement is false, as the first three options mentioned above are effective ways to change the nature of the risk the company faces from common risk to independent risk.
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explain the difference between mediation and arbitration. why would labor and management both be hesitant to appoint an arbitrator? in the event of a breakdown in the collective bargaining process, list and explain the options that are available to both labor and management.
Mediation is a voluntary process in which a neutral third party, known as a mediator, facilitates negotiations between the parties involved in a dispute.
Arbitration, on the other hand, is a more formal process where a neutral third party, is called an arbitrator.
The mediator helps them communicate, identify common interests, and explore potential solutions. The mediator does not make decisions or impose a resolution on the parties but assists them in reaching a mutually agreeable settlement.
It is appointed to hear the arguments and evidence presented by both sides and make a binding decision or award. The arbitrator acts as a judge and has the authority to impose a resolution that is legally binding on the parties involved.
Labor and management may be hesitant to appoint an arbitrator due to several reasons. One reason is the loss of control over the outcome. Arbitration takes the decision-making power away from the parties and places it in the hands of an external arbitrator, whose decision may not align with their respective interests. Additionally, arbitration can be costly and time-consuming, as parties may need to hire legal representation and go through formal procedures.
In the event of a breakdown in the collective bargaining process, both labor and management have several options available to them:
1. Continuation of Negotiations: The parties can continue negotiations to reach a voluntary agreement on their own. This may involve revisiting certain issues or seeking external assistance, such as a mediator.
2. Strike or Lockout: Labor may choose to go on strike, which involves a collective work stoppage to put pressure on management to meet their demands. Conversely, management may impose a lockout, temporarily shutting down operations until an agreement is reached.
3. Mediation: Both parties can opt for mediation, where a neutral mediator assists them in finding common ground and reaching a mutually acceptable resolution. Mediation is non-binding, and the parties have the freedom to accept or reject the proposed agreement.
4. Arbitration: If the parties agree, they can submit their dispute to binding arbitration. An arbitrator will hear both sides and make a final decision that is legally binding on both labor and management.
5. Conciliation: In conciliation, a neutral third party intervenes to help the parties resolve their differences. Unlike mediation, the conciliator may provide suggestions or recommendations for a settlement.
6. Fact-Finding: The parties may choose to undergo a fact-finding process, where an impartial individual or panel investigates the dispute, collects evidence, and presents a report with findings and recommendations. The report can serve as a basis for further negotiations.
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Consider a stock in which the put, the call and the forward are provided. If the current price of the stock is 100 and the annual effective risk-free interest rate is 1%. Show the strategy that has the highest net premium. Assume that there are no transaction costs. Answer choices: a. Buy a six-month 105 put and sell a six-month 105 call. b. Sell a six-month 100 call and long a six-month 105 put. c. Sell a six-month forward. d. Buy a six month forward on the stock.
The best strategy that has the highest net premium is to-B. Sell a six-month 100 call and long a six-month 105 put.
What is a forward contract?A forward contract is a written agreement between two parties to purchase or sell a product or asset at a future date at a specified price. It's a binding contract in which the conditions, including the price, are set at the outset.
This implies that if the market fluctuates in one direction, one party benefits at the expense of the other. As a result, these contracts can be highly volatile.
They are usually only traded between professionals, rather than on a public exchange.
What is a put option?
A put option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell an asset or underlying security at a specified price within a set time frame.
A call option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase an underlying asset at a specific price within a certain time frame.
Strategy for the highest net premium:
The most excellent strategy for the highest net premium is to sell a six-month 100 call and buy a six-month 105 put. This is a type of options strategy known as a long put spread, which is designed to profit from a drop in the underlying asset's price. With this strategy, you buy one put option while simultaneously selling another put option at a higher strike price. The net result is a credit, which is the difference between the premiums paid and received. It's referred to as a net premium.Hence, option is b. is correct.
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Name three considerations an organization should make when deciding
to incorporate "big data" analytics into their strategic HR
function and why
Incorporating big data analytics into strategic HR function is becoming increasingly popular. Companies are harnessing the power of big data to optimize their human resources management.
As the value of big data is rapidly being recognized across organizations, strategic HR is also beginning to utilize it for efficient management and optimization of the human resources department.There are three considerations an organization should make when deciding to incorporate big data analytics into their strategic HR function:1. Investment cost:Investing in big data analytics requires significant financial investment, and the return on investment may take a while. It’s essential to consider the cost-benefit ratio before incorporating big data analytics into HR processes.
Companies should also ensure they have the necessary infrastructure in place for successful implementation.2. Data privacy and security:Big data analytics involve the collection, storage, and analysis of employee data. As such, companies must prioritize data privacy and security to ensure that employee data is not compromised. Companies must establish policies, procedures, and guidelines for the collection and use of employee data to ensure compliance with privacy laws.3. Employee data accuracy:Employee data accuracy is essential to make informed decisions.
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Omega Ltd. has warrants outstanding, which are selling at a $11 premium above intrinsic (or minimum) value. Each warrant allows its owner to purchase 8 shares of common stock at $29. If the common stock currently sells for $20, what is the warrant price? $ Round your answer to the nearest dollar Feedback If a 1
is the initial acceleration of the rotor, a 2
is the deceleration, t 1
is the time during which it accelerates, t 2
is the intermediate time during which it rotates at a constant rate and t 3
is the time during which it decelerates, the final angular displacement is given by
As per the given information, Omega Ltd. has warrants outstanding, which are selling at a $11 premium above intrinsic (or minimum) value. Each warrant allows its owner to purchase 8 shares of common stock at $29 and the common stock currently sells for $20.
The warrant price can be calculated using the following formula:Warrant price = (S - PV) / NWhere S is the current market price of the stock, PV is the present value of the warrant and N is the number of shares that can be purchased with one warrant.
PV can be calculated as follows:PV = S - (X / R)Where X is the exercise price, which is $29 and R is the warrant ratio, which is 8.Therefore, PV = $20 - ($29 / 8) = $16.63 Warrant price = ($20 - $16.63) / 8 = $0.42 per warrant The warrant price is $0.42 per warrant.
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Chem Company uses a Sales Journal, a purchased journal, a cash receiptd, journal, a cash disbursements journal, and a general journal. The following transactions occurred during the month of july 2020:
July 1 Purchased merchandise on credit for $8,100 from Angler The., terms n/3e. 8 Sold merchandise on credit to B. Harren for $1,500, subject to a $30 sales discount if pald by the end of the mesth. Cost, $620. 10 The owner of Chem Company, Pat Johnson, invested $2,000 cash. 14 Purchased store supplies from Steck Company on credit for $240∗, teras 2/10+,n0/3. 17 Purchased merchandise imentory on eredit froe Marten Cowpany for 37,600, teras n/se. 24 Sold merchandise to H. Winger for. $630 cash. cost, $350. 28 Purchased menchandise inventory from tiadley" s for, $9,000 cash. 29 Poid Anglen Inc. $8,100 for the merchandise purchased on July 1.
Journalize the july transactions that should br recorded in the purchased journal assuming the periodic inventory system.
The purchased journal is used to record purchases of inventory, whether cash or credit transactions. The periodic inventory system is utilized by Chem Company to record purchases.
To record transactions that took place in the month of July 2020, the Chem Company used various books of original entry including sales, purchased journal, cash receipts, cash disbursement, and general journal.The purchased journal is used to record purchases of inventory, whether cash or credit transactions.
The periodic inventory system is utilized by Chem Company to record purchases. To record transactions that took place in the month of July 2020, the Chem Company used various books of original entry including sales, purchased journal, cash receipts, cash disbursement, and general journal. The Chem Company should record the following transactions that took place in July 2020 in the purchased journal:
July 1: The Chem Company purchased merchandise on credit from Angler Inc. for $8,100. The terms of payment are n/3e. Debit Purchases: $8,100Credit Accounts Payable: $8,100July 14:
The Chem Company purchased store supplies from Steck Company on credit for $240. The terms of payment are 2/10+, n/30.
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Co-Manager choose Asia pacific in which your Company was selling to, and should describe how this evolved. What factors had to be taken into account? Was it a strong area to be in? Explain why it was successful or why it was not.
When choosing to sell products in the Asia Pacific region, there are several factors that need to be taken into consideration. These include the economic and political climate in the region, the cultural differences, and the level of competition in the market. One of the most significant factors that need to be considered is the economic climate.
The Asia Pacific region is home to some of the fastest-growing economies in the world, with countries like China, India, and Japan leading the way. These countries offer a huge potential market for companies looking to sell their products, but they also present unique challenges in terms of cultural differences, language barriers, and regulatory requirements. Another factor that needs to be considered when selling products in the Asia Pacific region is the level of competition.
Many companies have recognized the potential of this market and are vying for a share of it. This means that businesses need to have a strong marketing strategy and be able to differentiate themselves from their competitors to be successful.In addition to these factors, the cultural differences in the region can also pose a challenge for businesses. It is important to understand the local customs, language, and traditions in order to effectively market and sell products in the region.
Despite the challenges, the Asia Pacific region can be a strong area for businesses to sell their products. With a large and growing market, there is significant potential for growth and profitability. However, businesses need to be willing to invest the time and resources necessary to understand the market and adapt their strategies to be successful.
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(o) Complete the following table (still using the rame utility function): (f) Using the following blank graph, plot the bundles from the table in purt (c). (g) What is the equation for the indifference curve where U=4 ? (h) Add this indifference curve to your graph from part (f).
(a) Bundle X Y MUx MUy MRS A 10 0 100 0 - B 8 2 80 40 -2 C 6 4 60 60 -2 D 4 6 40 90 -2 E 2 8 20 100 -2 F 0 10 0 110 -2
(b) The slope of the indifference curve at each point gives the MRS of X for Y at that point. By comparing the MRS to the price ratio of the two goods, the optimal bundle can be determined. The MRS of X for Y is given by the following formula:MRS = MUx/MUyThe following table shows the MRS at each bundle point in (a).Bundle MRS (X,Y)A - B 1/2C 3/4D 4/5E 1F - For example, the MRS at bundle C is MUx/MUy = 60/80 = 3/4. This is the slope of the indifference curve at point C.
(c) To graph the indifference curve at each point, use the MRS from (b) as the slope of the line connecting that point to the origin. For example, to graph the indifference curve through point C, draw the line with slope 3/4 passing through point C and the origin. Repeat this for each bundle in (a) to graph the indifference curves. The resulting graph should look like this:(g) To find the equation for the indifference curve where U = 4, use the utility function:U = X^2YSetting U = 4 yields:4 = X^2YRearranging, we get:Y = 4/X^2
This is the equation for the indifference curve where U = 4. To graph it, plot the points that satisfy this equation. For example, when X = 1, Y = 4. When X = 2, Y = 1. When X = 4, Y = 1/4. Plotting these points and connecting them with a smooth curve yields the indifference curve where U = 4.(h) To add this indifference curve to the graph from part (f), plot the points on the curve found in (g) and connect them with a smooth curve. The resulting graph should look like this:
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Sheffield Company has $145,000 of inventory at the beginning of the year and $131,000 at the end of the year. Sales revenue is $1,972,800, cost of goods sold is $1,145,400, and net income is $248,400 for the year. The inventory turnover ratio is: Multiple Choice 1.8 6.0. 14.3 8.3.
Inventory turnover ratio refers to the number of times the company sells and replaces its inventory during a specific period, usually a year.
To calculate the inventory turnover ratio, we divide the cost of goods sold by the average inventory.
The formula is:Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
The inventory turnover ratio for Sheffield Company can be calculated as follows:
Beginning Inventory = $145,000Ending Inventory = $131,000Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) = $1,145,400Average Inventory = (Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory) / 2 = ($145,000 + $131,000) / 2 = $138,000
Inventory Turnover Ratio = COGS / Average Inventory= $1,145,400 / $138,000= 8.3Therefore,
the inventory turnover ratio for Sheffield Company is 8.3. Hence, the answer is option d) 8.3. Note: The ideal inventory turnover ratio depends on the industry in which the company operates.
A high inventory turnover ratio indicates that the company sells inventory quickly, which means that the company is managing its inventory efficiently. On the other hand, a low inventory turnover ratio means that the company is not selling its inventory as quickly as it should.
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what is the level of profit that is made by Ruby Red movie theatre
if 2 workers are emoloyed at the concession stand and only 100
items of output are produced(sold) at the concession stand?
The level of profit that is made by Ruby Red movie theatre if 2 workers are employed at the concession stand and only 100 items of output are produced (sold) at the concession stand is dependent on the cost of each of the 100 items and the price at which each item is sold.
For this answer, it is assumed that the cost and selling price of each item are known. Profit can be determined by taking the difference between the total revenue from sales and the total cost of producing the 100 items.
If we have this information, we can find the level of profit that is made by Ruby Red movie theatre.Suppose that the cost of producing each item is $2.5, and the selling price is $5. We can use this information to determine the total cost and total revenue. The total cost of producing the 100 items will be
:Total cost = cost per item × number of items= $2.5 × 100= $250The total revenue will be:
Total revenue = selling price per item × number of items= $5 × 100= $500
The level of profit will be the difference between the total revenue and total cost of production:
Profit = total revenue − total cost= $500 − $250= $250
Therefore, the level of profit made by Ruby Red movie theatre if 2 workers are employed at the concession stand and only 100 items of output are produced (sold) at the concession stand will be $250.
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During 2020 , Towson Recording Company invested $35,123 of its cash in marketable securities, funded fixed assets acquisition by $108,571, and had marketable securities of $14,244 converted into cash at maturety. What is the cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities?
Cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities is an essential part of the cash flow statement.
The company's investing activities represent any cash flow that is incurred in making long-term and short-term investments such as acquiring or disposing of property, equipment, and other assets and investments.
For the year 2020, Towson Recording Company invested $35,123 of its cash in marketable securities, funded fixed assets acquisition by $108,571, and had marketable securities of $14,244 converted into cash at maturity.
The cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities is computed as follows:
Explanation:
Cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities can be computed using the following formula:
Cash flow from investing activities = (Sale of assets + Interest received + Dividend received + Sale of marketable securities + Sale of long-term investments + Sale of property, plant and equipment) - (Purchase of assets + Purchase of marketable securities + Purchase of long-term investments + Purchase of property, plant and equipment)
Therefore,
cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities = $14,244 + $0 + $0 + $0 - $35,123 - $0 - $108,571 - $0= - $128,650.Hence, the cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities of Towson Recording Company is -$128,650.
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Which of the following is not a project document updated as part of implementing risk responses? a) Assumptions log b) Issue log c) Risk register d) Project team assignments
Project team assignments is not a project document updated as part of implementing risk responses.
Project team assignments are the documents that include the list of the project team members, their roles, responsibilities, skills, and the reporting structure. It is mainly created during the project planning stage.
Project team assignments are not a project document updated as part of implementing risk responses. Rather, it is created at the initial stage of the project planning. The remaining three options are related to risk management and are updated as part of implementing risk responses.
Risk register is an essential project management document that provides an overview of identified risks, their likelihood of occurrence, and the severity of their impact. The risk register is updated with information about the risk responses and their effectiveness. It helps to monitor the risks and provide an early warning of any potential risks that could affect the project.
Assumptions log is a document that includes the project assumptions that are made during the project planning. It is updated as part of implementing risk responses to reflect any changes in the assumptions made earlier. The assumptions log is useful for tracking the assumptions made and managing them appropriately.
Issue log is a project management document that tracks and monitors the issues that arise during the project. It is updated as part of implementing risk responses to reflect the impact of the risk response strategies. The issue log helps to monitor the progress of resolving the issues and provides information on the effectiveness of the risk response strategies.
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Lesley's Printers
Lesley's Printers buys printer components for low prices, assembles the components into printers,
and then sells the printers at high prices. Each printer is assigned a unique identification number,
and printers that have common configurations are categorized into types (e.g., Workhorse is a high
volume printer that is easily networked and is recommended for businesses, Speedy is a fast,
medium sized printer that is intended for home and small businesses). Lesley purchases printer
components from wholesalers. One of Lesley’s purchasing agents submits an order to the
wholesaler that has listed a given component for sale. If the order is accepted, one of Lesley’s
inventory clerks receives the items. Sometimes suppliers will consolidate multiple orders from
Lesley into a single shipment. Suppliers sometimes fill a Lesley order with multiple shipments.
Rarely does Lesley place a purchase order that a supplier can’t or won’t fill. Sometimes Lesley
needs to return components to a supplier, either because the supplier sent the wrong parts, or
because of a change in planned production of a category of printers. Lesley only returns
approximately 10 percent of purchased components, and never combines multiple purchases into a
single return. Purchase returns are handled by Lesley managers; however, Lesley also wants to
track the associated purchase agents, as returns will reduce the purchase dollar value that gets
applied against the purchase agents’ authorized limits.
When payment is due for a purchase, one of Lesley’s cashiers issues one check for payment in full
for the items on that purchase. Sometimes if multiple purchases have been made from the same
supplier within a short time, Lesley pays for those purchases with just one check. One of Lesley's
managers is required to authorize all purchase orders greater than $5,000 and also to sign all
checks (including checks written for expenditures other than purchases of printer components).
Lesley needs to keep track of the managers’ participation in these events as well as the
participation of other employees in these events.
Lesley needs to enter suppliers and employees into the database before any transactions involving
them occur.
The following attributes are of interest to Lesley. Do not add attributes to the list. Use the boldface
abbreviations in parentheses next to the attributes in the list. List any assumptions you make, along
with the reasons behind your assumptions (i.e., state what you think is vague in the problem, say
what you are going to assume to clear up the ambiguity and make a case for that assumption).
▪ Purchase Order Number (PO#)
▪ Supplier ID (SuppID)
▪ Inventory clerk (ICID)
▪ Purchase Order Date (PODate)
▪ Name of cashier (CsrName)
▪ Manager ID (MgrID)
▪ Purchase Date (PurchDate)
▪ Name of purchasing agent (PA-Name)
▪ Location of cash account (Ca-Loc)
▪ Cash Account Number (CashAcct#)
▪ Name of supplier (SupName)
▪ Dollar limit for cashier (CsrLimit)
▪ Receiving Report Number (RR#)
▪ Component ID code (CompoID)
Required Create a UML Class diagram for Lesley Printers’ acquisition process. Be sure to include classes, associations, attributes, and multiplicities
The UML class diagram for Lesley Printers' acquisition process should include the classes Purchase Order, Supplier, Inventory Clerk, Cashier, Manager, Purchasing Agent, and Components. The classes should have associations and multiplicities as appropriate. Here is the UML class diagram for Lesley Printers' acquisition process:
In the UML class diagram for Lesley Printers' acquisition process, the Purchase Order class has a one-to-many association with the Supplier class. This means that each purchase order can be associated with one or more suppliers. The Purchase Order class also has a one-to-one association with the Inventory Clerk class, which means that each purchase order is associated with one inventory clerk.
The Cashier class has a one-to-many association with the Purchase Order class, which means that each cashier can issue checks for one or more purchase orders. The Cashier class also has a one-to-one association with the Manager class, which means that each cashier is associated with one manager.
The Purchasing Agent class has a one-to-many association with the Purchase Order class, which means that each purchasing agent can submit orders for one or more purchase orders. The Purchasing Agent class also has a one-to-one association with the Manager class, which means that each purchasing agent is associated with one manager.
The Component class has a one-to-many association with the Purchase Order class, which means that each component can be associated with one or more purchase orders. The Component class also has a one-to-one association with the Supplier class, which means that each component is associated with one supplier.
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What is quantity standard? What is a price standard? Explain
at-least one advantage of standard costs. Explain at-least one
problem with standard costs.
Standard cost is a budgeted or predetermined cost that is based on specified levels of efficiency, price, and resource usage and serves as a benchmark for measuring actual cost performance.
What is quantity standard? The quantity standard is the amount of input materials that should be used to create a single product unit. It's a standard unit of measurement that's based on the quantity of raw materials required to produce one unit of finished product. The quantity standard is determined by taking into account the production process's expected wastage and the quantity of raw materials required to create the finished goods. In general, quantity standards are established based on historical usage levels and current production technology.
What is a price standard? A price standard is a predetermined amount that is assigned to each unit of input and serves as a benchmark for measuring actual cost performance. The price standard is a budgeted or predetermined cost for an input material that is based on the current market price or a negotiated price with a supplier. The price standard takes into account the quality of the input material and the terms of the purchase agreement.
Problems with standard costs: The following are some issues associated with standard costs:
1. Time-consuming: Setting and maintaining standard costs can be a time-consuming process that can divert management's attention away from other tasks.
2. Accuracy: Standard costs can be inaccurate if they are not updated frequently to reflect changes in input prices, production methods, or technology.
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Calculate the market equilibrium Supply -> p = 6 + 9 Demand
-> p = 32 - 9
In microeconomics, the term market equilibrium refers to the point at which the supply of a product or service is balanced with its demand.
The equilibrium price and quantity are determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves.Supply: p = 6 + 9Demand: p = 32 - 9To calculate the market equilibrium, we can set the supply and demand equations equal to each other and solve for p.6 + 9 = 32 - 9Simplifying the equation, we get:15 = 23 - 9Adding 9 to both sides, we get:24 = 23 + 1Therefore, the equilibrium price is p = $24.
To find the equilibrium quantity, we can substitute the equilibrium price into either the supply or demand equation and solve for q.Using the demand equation:p = 32 - 9p = 32 - 9qSubstituting the equilibrium price:p = 24q = (32 - 9p)/q = (32 - 9(24))q = (32 - 216)/(-9)q = 184/9Therefore, the equilibrium quantity is q ≈ 20.44 units. In summary, the market equilibrium is p = $24 and q ≈ 20.44 units.
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A company can buy or rent equipment, that is, it must choose between insourcing or outsourcing. The equipment has a cash price of R$500,000.00, its useful life is 60 months, with no residual value, and requires a monthly maintenance cost of R$2,000.00. If the equipment is leased for 60 months, this maintenance cost will be borne by the lessor. Consider the minimum rate of attractiveness of the company equal to 18.50% and calculate the break even point of the monthly rent value under these conditions, that is, what is the value of this rent so that the options are economically indifferent for the company.
If the rent is less than R$15,781.43 per month, the company should choose to lease the equipment.
An organization can choose between insourcing or outsourcing.
It can either purchase or lease equipment. In this scenario, equipment has a cash price of R$500,000.00, a useful life of 60 months, and no residual value. The equipment requires a monthly maintenance cost of R$2,000.00.
Rent value under these conditions is given by the present value of lease payments at the minimum attractiveness rate of the company.
If the company chooses to buy equipment, it has to bear the monthly maintenance cost. However, if the company leases the equipment, this cost is borne by the lessor.
Let the break-even rent be r.
Therefore, the present value of lease payments is equal to the cash price of equipment that is R$500,000.00.If the company chooses to buy equipment, the monthly cost will be R$2,000.00.The present value of the monthly payment will be given as:
PMT * PVIFA(18.5%, 60) = 500,000PMT = 500,000 / PVIFA(18.5%, 60) = 500,000 / 31.6816 = R$15,781.43
Therefore, if the rent is less than R$15,781.43 per month, the company should choose to lease the equipment.
If it is more, it should buy the equipment.
Hence, the break-even point is R$15,781.43 per month.
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The performance of the common stock of Apple Stores is highly dependent upon the state of the economy. In a boom economy, the stock is expected to return 22.0% in comparison to 12.0% in a normal economy and negative 17.0% in a recessionary peniod. The probability of a recession is 16%. There is a 26% chance of a boom economy. The remainder of the time the economy will be at normal levels. What is the standard deviation of the returns on Apple stock?
The standard deviation of the returns on Apple stock is 0.105 or 10.5%.The calculation of the standard deviation for the return on Apple stock can be made using the following formula:σ = sqrt [p1 (r1 – μ)² + p2 (r2 – μ)² + p3 (r3 – μ)²]
Whereσ = standard deviation μ = the expected returnp1 = the probability of a boom marketr1 = the return in a boom marketp2 = the probability of a normal marketr2 = the return in a normal marketp3 = the probability of a recessionary marketr3 = the return in a recessionary marketGiven:P1 (probability of boom market) = 0.26R1 (expected return in a boom market) = 22.0%P2 (probability of normal market) = 0.58R2 (expected return in a normal market) = 12.0%P3 (probability of recessionary market) = 0.16R3 (expected return in a recessionary market) = -17.0%
Plug in the given values into the formula to get the solution:
σ = sqrt [0.26(22 – 12.3)² + 0.58(12 – 12.3)² + 0.16(-17 – 12.3)²]
σ = sqrt [0.098+ 0.001+ 1.124]σ = sqrt [1.223]σ = 1.105or 10.5%.
Therefore, the standard deviation of the returns on Apple stock is 0.105 or 10.5%.
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Wolfrum Technology (WT) has no debt. Its assets will be worth$445 million one year from now if the economy is strong, but only$263 million in one year if the economy is weak. Both events are equally likely. The market value today of its assets is $276 million. a. What is the expected return of WT stock withoutleverage? b. Suppose the risk-free interest rate is 5%. If WT borrows $98 million today at this rate and uses the proceeds to pay an immediate cash dividend, what will be the market value of its equity just after the dividend is paid, according to MM? c. What is the expected return of WT stock after the dividend is paid in part (b)?
a. The expected return of WT stock after the dividend is paid in part b is -2.8%.The expected return of WT stock without leverage would be:
$$\text{Expected return } = \text{(Probability of good outcome x expected good outcome)} + \text{(Probability of bad outcome x expected bad outcome)}$$$$\text{Expected return } = \frac{1}{2}(1 + \frac{445-276}{276}) + \frac{1}{2}(1 + \frac{263-276}{276})$$$$\text{Expected return } = 0.143 or 14.3\%$$b.
The new value of equity would be$$V_L = V_U + T - B$$$$\text{where } V_L = \text{total value of the firm with leverage}$$$$\text{where } V_U = \text{total value of the firm without leverage}$$$$\text{where } T = \text{tax shield from debt}$$$$\text{where } B = \text{value of debt}$$
By paying immediate cash dividend, the total value of the firm would fall by the amount of the dividend to become:
$$V_U' = V_U - D = 276 - 98 = 178$$
Now the value of the levered firm is$$V_L = V_U' + T - B$$$$276 = 178 + 0.35 * B - 98$$$$B = 140$$$$\text{
The market value of equity after the dividend is paid according to MM is }
V_U' + B = 178 + 140 = 318.$$c.
The expected return of WT stock after the dividend is paid would be:
$$\text{Expected return } = \frac{1}{2}(1 + \frac{445-318}{318}) + \frac{1}{2}(1 + \frac{263-318}{318})$$$$\text{
Expected return } = -0.028 or -2.8\%$$
Therefore, the expected return of WT stock after the dividend is paid in part b is -2.8%.
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On November 1, 2021, Aviation Training Corp. borrows $58,000 cash from Community Savings and Loan. Aviation Training signs a three-month, 6% note payable. Interest is payable at maturity. Aviation's year-end is December 31.
Required:
1.-3. Record the necessary entries in the Journal Entry Worksheet below. (If no entry is required for a particular transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field.)
View transaction list
View journal entry worksheet
No
1
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
November 01, 2021
Cash
58,000
December 31, 2021
Interest Expense
580
3
February 01, 2022
Notes Payable
2
58,580
1. November 1, 2021: Debit Cash $58,000, Credit Notes Payable $58,000.
2. December 31, 2021: Debit Interest Expense $580, Credit Notes Payable $580.
3. February 1, 2022: Debit Notes Payable $58,580, Credit Cash $58,580.
1. On November 1, 2021, Aviation Training Corp. borrows $58,000 cash, which increases their cash balance and creates a liability called Notes Payable. The entry reflects this by debiting Cash and crediting Notes Payable.
2. On December 31, 2021, Aviation Training Corp. accrues interest expense for the three-month period. Since the interest is payable at maturity, there is no cash transaction. The entry debits Interest Expense to recognize the expense and credits Notes Payable to reduce the liability.
3. On February 1, 2022, when the note matures, Aviation Training Corp. pays off the loan. They debit Notes Payable to reduce the liability and credit Cash to reflect the cash outflow.
These entries ensure accurate recording of the borrowing, recognition of interest expense, and repayment of the loan in the company's financial statements.
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In your meeting with her, she starts throwing out names and numbers of accounts and hands you several documents. She is proud to tell you she has $16,521 cash in hand. You collect the notes and jot down all the information she is verbally telling you, so as not to miss any important facts. You know the first step you will take is to prepare financial statements in order to establish her current situation. But to give her future oriented advice, you know an analysis of the statements will also be required. Pat emphasizes that all the information you are about to receive is for the most ended on December 31 st . She tells you taxes were 27% of pre-tax profit of which $9,000 is still owed. She explains there is $142,000 of common stock and she recently paid a dividend of $8,350. She tells you she has a mortgage loan with the long-term portion outstanding of $142,800. The current portion for this period was $14,600. She provides you with a document that lists beginning of the year inventory at $99,780. The document also details several expenses that were incurred throughout the year including utilities at $5,440, depreciation on building and equipment of $18,600, advertising of $14,200, and interest expense of $3,100. The business currently holds $49,000 in other investments that may be sold or turned into depreciable assets in the future. Pat has a smile when she informs you that sales have grown over 12% from the previous year and she expects similar growth for the following year. Her current year sales are $958,337. Of course, her purchases are a major expense for her business, and she spent $833,900 to support her encouraging sales figures. $136,300 is still owed to her suppliers. The owner lets you know that she also has notes payable of $48,000. Pat provides you with copies of documents showing that she paid $369,400 for her property which you see that the land was listed at $109,300, the building and equipment was listed at $232,600 on the document. The owner states that she does allow some of her business customers to get items on credit, causing current, end of year accounts receivables of $54,200. She lets you know during your meeting that her business had a gross profit of $286,660, salary expense of $125,970 and other operating expenses of $5,550. At the beginning of the current year, accumulated depreciation on the building and equipment was $104,100. Lastly, she shows you the previous retained earnings statement and you see her business has previously retained $61,000 of past earnings to help fund the business. c. debt ratio, d. debt to net worth ratio,
The debt ratio is approximately 36.6% and the debt to net worth ratio is approximately 1.01.
How to Solve the Problem?To solve for the debt ratio and debt to net worth ratio, it is relevant to gather the necessary information from the given data:
Total Liabilities:
Mortgage loan (long-term portion): $142,800
Mortgage loan (current portion): $14,600
Notes payable: $48,000
Therefore, the total Liabilities = $142,800 + $14,600 + $48,000 = $205,400
Total Equity:
Common stock: $142,000
Retained earnings: $61,000
Therefore, the total Equity = $142,000 + $61,000 = $203,000
Solving for Debt Ratio:
Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Assets
To calculate the total assets, we need to consider the following:
Cash in hand: $16,521
Accounts receivable: $54,200
Inventory: $99,780
Other investments: $49,000
Property (land + building and equipment):
Land: $109,300
Building and equipment: $232,600
Total Assets = Cash + Accounts Receivable + Inventory + Other Investments + Property
Total Assets = $16,521 + $54,200 + $99,780 + $49,000 + $109,300 + $232,600 = $561,401
Debt Ratio = $205,400 / $561,401 ≈ 0.366 or 36.6%
Solving for Debt to Net Worth Ratio:
Debt to Net Worth Ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Equity
Debt to Net Worth Ratio = $205,400 / $203,000 ≈ 1.011 or 1.01 (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the debt ratio is approximately 36.6% and the debt to net worth ratio is approximately 1.01.
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Tony's Corporation's stock had a required return of 7.90% last year when the risk-free rate was 2.50% and the market risk premium was 4.50%. Then an increase in investor risk aversion caused the market risk premium to rise by 1% from 4.5% to 5.5%. The risk-free rate and the firm's beta remain unchanged. What is the company's new required rate of return?
a. 8.50%
b. 8.88%
c. 9.10%
d. 9.54%
e. 9.98%
Given that Tony's Corporation's stock had a required return of 7.90% last year when the risk-free rate was 2.50% and the market risk premium was 4.50%.
An increase in investor risk aversion caused the market risk premium to rise by 1% from 4.5% to 5.5%. The risk-free rate and the firm's beta remain unchanged.To calculate the new required rate of return, we need to determine the expected return with the new risk premium. The formula for the required rate of return is given by;Required rate of return = Risk-free rate + Beta * (Market risk premium)Where;Risk-free rate = 2.5%Beta = GivenMarket risk premium = 5.5% - 4.5% = 1%Required rate of return = 2.5% + Beta * (5.5%)New required rate of return = 2.5% + Beta * (5.5%)On substituting the given values, we get;New required rate of return = 2.5% + Beta * (5.5%) = 2.5% + Beta * (0.055)Since we don't know the value of beta, we can't calculate the value of the new required rate of return. Therefore, none of the given options are correct answers.
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A trainee that has not yet been registered as an agent of a broker-dealer would:
A. be permitted to accept unsolicited orders from customers
B. be permitted to make "cold calls" to prospective customers
C. be permitted to report completed trades to customers
D. not be permitted to have any contact with either existing or prospective customers
A trainee that has not yet been registered as an agent of a broker-dealer would: D. not be permitted to have any contact with either existing or prospective customers.
A trainee who has not yet been registered as an agent of a broker-dealer is not authorized to engage in any customer-facing activities or have direct contact with existing or prospective customers. This restriction is in place to ensure that individuals who have not completed the necessary registration and licensing requirements do not engage in activities that could potentially harm or mislead customers.
Options A, B, and C involve various forms of customer interaction or communication, which are typically restricted to registered agents who have met the regulatory requirements. Until the trainee completes the registration process and obtains the necessary licenses, they are generally prohibited from engaging in such activities. This restriction is imposed to safeguard the interests of customers and maintain regulatory compliance in the securities industry.
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A 7-year, 1.4% coupon Treasury bond is priced at $1,000
(remember Treasury bonds pay interest semi-annually). What is the
implied discount rate or YTM for this bond?
A 7-year, 1.4% coupon Treasury bond is priced at $1,000. The coupon rate, face value, and market price of the bond are given below: Face Value
= $1000Coupon Rate
= 1.4% per year Time to Maturity
= 7 years Semi-annual Coupon
= (1.4% / 2) * $1000
= $7Interest Payments
= $7 * 2 = $14Market Price
= $1000Now, to calculate the Yield to Maturity (YTM), we need to use the formula: Market Price
= PV * {[1 - (1 + r)^-n]/r} + FV / (1 + r)n
= Present Value = $14r
= Semi-annual Discount Rate (YTM / 2)n
= Number of semi-annual periods
= 7 * 2
= 14FV = Face Value = $1000 Substituting the values, we get,$1000
= $14 * {[1 - (1 + r)^-14]/r} + $1000 / (1 + r)^14Solving this equation for r, we get,r
= 1.23% per semi-annual period or 2.46% per year the implied discount rate or YTM for this bond is 2.46%.
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Two new software projects are proposed to a young, start-up company. The Alpha project will cost $590.000 to develop and is expected to have annual net cash flow of $60,000 : The Beta project will cost $110,000 to develop and is expected to have annual net cash flow of $13,500. The company is very concemed about their cash flow. Calculate the payback period for each project. Which project is better from a cash flow standpoint? (Round your answers to 2 decimal ploces)
Given that two software projects are proposed to a young, start-up company. The cost of the Alpha project is $590,000, and it is expected to have an annual net cash flow of $60,000. On the other hand, the Beta project costs $110,000, and its annual net cash flow is $13,500.
The payback period formula is: Payback period = Initial investment / Annual net cash inflows Let's start with the payback period calculation for the Alpha project:Payback period = $590,000 / $60,000 Payback period = 9.83 years Rounding to two decimal places, the payback period for the Alpha project is 9.83 years.
Now let's find the payback period of the Beta project:Payback period = $110,000 / $13,500 Payback period = 8.15 years Rounding to two decimal places, the payback period for the Beta project is 8.15 years.The better project from a cash flow standpoint is the Beta project as it has a lower payback period. Therefore, the Beta project should be chosen over the Alpha project.
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You read in BusinessWeek that a panel of economists has estimated that the long-run real growth rate of the U.S. economy over the next five-year period will average 8 percent. In addition, a bank newsletter estimates that the average annual rate of inflation during this five-year period will be about 3 percent. What nominal rate of return would you expect on U.S. government T-bills during this period? Round your answer to two decimal places.
What would your required rate of return be on common stocks if you wanted a 5 percent risk premium to own common stocks? Do not round intemediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
If common stock investors became more risk averse, what would happen to the required rate of return on common stocks? What would be the impact on stock prices?
As an investor becomes more risk averse, the required rate of return will -Select-increasedeclineItem 3 and the stock prices will -Select-increasedeclineItem 4 .
Nominal rate of return on U.S. government T-bills during this period Nominal rate of return on U.S. government T-bills is the sum of real rate of return and expected inflation. Therefore,
Nominal rate of return = Real rate of return + Expected inflation.
Nominal rate of return = 8% + 3%
Nominal rate of return = 11%
Required rate of return on common stocks if you wanted a 5% risk premium to own common stocks
The required rate of return on common stocks is calculated as follows:
Required rate of return = Risk-free rate + Risk premium.
Required rate of return = 11% + 5%
Required rate of return = 16%
As an investor becomes more risk-averse, the required rate of return will increase and the stock prices will decline. A more risk-averse investor will expect a higher return as compensation for the higher risk they are taking on. Therefore, the required rate of return on stocks will increase.
Since the required rate of return is in the denominator of the stock price equation, an increase in the required rate of return will lead to a decline in stock prices.
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7. Describe two PESTEL components that could or have impacted
APPLE’s Strategy?
PESTEL analysis is a strategic management tool that provides a comprehensive framework to analyze different external factors that could have an impact on a company.
The two PESTEL components that have or could impact Apple's strategy are as follows:
1. Economic factors:Apple is known to be one of the most valuable companies in the world. The global economic downturn due to the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Apple's sales.
The impact of the pandemic could further lead to a recession, which would negatively affect Apple's sales and growth prospects. If people's income decreases, they may not be able to afford Apple products.
2. Technological factors:Apple is known for its innovative products and services. Technological advancements can impact the way Apple operates. The emergence of new technology can be an opportunity or a threat to Apple. Apple has to adapt to new technologies and continue to innovate to remain competitive.
For instance, the development of artificial intelligence can provide new opportunities for Apple to offer new products or services.
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standardized ooh advertising uses scientifically located structures to deliver an advertiser’s message to markets around the world. a)TRUE b)FALSE
Standardized OOH advertising does not use scientifically located structures to deliver an advertiser's message to markets around the world.
b) FALSE
Standardized out-of-home (OOH) advertising refers to the practice of using consistent advertising messages and formats across different markets or regions. However, the statement that standardized OOH advertising uses scientifically located structures to deliver an advertiser's message to markets around the world is not accurate. While OOH advertising may involve strategically placing advertisements in specific locations for maximum exposure and reach, it does not necessarily rely on scientific location selection. The effectiveness of OOH advertising is often influenced by factors such as target audience demographics, traffic patterns, and local market considerations. Therefore, the statement is false.
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