So, the annual payment for a loan of 148,000 with annual equal repayments over 10 years is 7,400.
To calculate the annual payment for a loan with annual equal repayments over 10 years, we need to use the formula:
Annual payment = (Principal x Rate) / (1 - (1 + Rate)[tex])^{-n[/tex]
here:
Principal is the amount of the loan
Rate is the annual interest rate
n is the number of payments (in this case, 10)
Using this formula, we can calculate the annual payment for a loan of $148,000 with annual equal repayments over 10 years as follows:
Annual payment = (148,000 x 5%) / (1 - (1 + 5%[tex])^{-10})[/tex]
Annual payment = $7,400
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6%-A client has an employee who both handles the books and records and also cash remitted by customers to pay on receivables. How might the employee hide his or her fraudulent activity? How would you as an auditor pick up the fraud? What control should the client have in place to prevent the fraud?.
An employee who handles both the books and records as well as cash remitted by customers has opportunities to hide fraudulent activity.
As an auditor, detecting such fraud requires careful examination of financial records, identifying discrepancies, and implementing effective controls. Controls that the client should have in place include segregation of duties, regular internal and external audits, and proper oversight of cash handling processes An employee who handles both the books and records and cash remitted by customers can employ several methods to hide fraudulent activity. Some common tactics include: 1. Falsifying records: The employee may manipulate the books and records to conceal missing cash or cover up unauthorized transactions. 2. Skimming: The employee might pocket cash payments received from customers without recording them in the books. As an auditor, there are several methods to detect such fraudulent activity. These include: 1. Analyzing financial records: Thoroughly examining financial records, including bank statements, sales records, and customer receipts, can help identify discrepancies or irregularities. 2. Conducting surprise audits: Random or unannounced audits can help uncover fraudulent activities that are more likely to be hidden during scheduled audits. 3. Performing data analytics: Utilizing data analytics techniques, auditors can identify patterns or anomalies in financial data that may indicate fraudulent activities.
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"International Business is only an extension of and a variation
on domestic business" – Do you agree or disagree? Critically
evaluate the statement. Need a minimum of 500 words atleast.
The claim that "International Business is only an extension of and a variation on domestic business" does not adequately capture the complexities and distinctiveness of international business.
The statement claiming that "International Business is only an extension of and a variation on domestic business" raises an important question about the nature and scope of international business. In this essay, we will critically evaluate this statement and analyze whether international business can be considered merely an extension of domestic business or if it represents a distinct and separate field. By examining key differences and complexities inherent in international business, we will argue that international business is more than just an extension or variation of domestic business.
I. Distinctiveness of International Business:
International business involves conducting commercial transactions and operations across national borders, which presents unique challenges and opportunities compared to domestic business. Several factors contribute to the distinctiveness of international business:
Cultural and Institutional Differences:
Operating in different countries requires an understanding of diverse cultures, legal systems, political climates, and economic environments. These variations influence business practices, consumer behavior, and market dynamics, making international business inherently more complex.
Legal and Regulatory Frameworks:
International business encounters a plethora of legal and regulatory frameworks. Compliance with foreign laws, trade regulations, intellectual property rights, and taxation systems becomes crucial, adding significant complexity to international operations.
Foreign Exchange and Currency Risks:
Engaging in international business exposes firms to currency fluctuations, exchange rate risks, and foreign exchange controls. Managing these risks requires specialized knowledge and strategies that are distinct from domestic business operations.
II. Market Entry and Expansion:
Expanding into international markets necessitates unique considerations that go beyond domestic operations. The following points highlight this aspect:
Market Entry Modes:
International business provides a range of entry modes, such as exporting, licensing, joint ventures, and foreign direct investment. These modes require additional strategic planning, risk assessment, and adaptation to local market conditions, making them significantly different from domestic market entry strategies.
Global Competition:
International business involves competing with both domestic and foreign firms in various markets. The intensified competition requires firms to develop strategies to gain a competitive advantage, such as product differentiation, cost leadership, and global branding, which are distinct from those employed in domestic business.
III. Global Supply Chains and Operations:
Managing global supply chains and operations introduces further complexity to international business:
Sourcing and Logistics:
International businesses must navigate intricate logistics networks, establish global sourcing strategies, manage customs regulations, and handle transportation challenges. These tasks are more complex than those faced in domestic supply chains.
Cultural Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Companies engaged in international business need to be culturally sensitive and adapt their products, marketing strategies, and operations to suit local preferences and customs. Cultural nuances demand additional efforts in product localization, communication, and brand positioning.
IV. Political and Economic Risks:
International business encounters political and economic risks that are not typically present in domestic business:
Political Instability and Risk:
Changes in government policies, political unrest, trade disputes, and geopolitical tensions can significantly impact international business operations. Firms need to monitor and respond to these risks, which are unique to the international arena.
Economic Volatility:
International businesses face economic risks such as exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, recession, and financial crises. These factors necessitate robust risk management strategies to ensure stability and profitability across multiple markets.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, cultural differences, legal frameworks, market entry strategies, global competition, supply chain management, and political-economic risks set international business apart from domestic business. While there may be some similarities and overlaps between the two, the challenges and opportunities encountered in international business require unique knowledge, skills, and strategies.
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1. The theory of business planning to found an investment company
1.1. the essence and concept of business planning for the creation of an investment company.
1.2. Foreign investment companies examples
2. analysis of the opportunities and prerequisites for investment company in the market of Kazakhstan.
2.1 assessment of the state of development of an investment company in the Kazakhstan.
2.2 Opportunities and advantages to create an investment company
3. Business plan of investment company
4. Financial plan in crating an investment company
5. Marketing plan for an investment company
1. Business planning for the creation of an investment company involves a detailed process that begins with the entrepreneur recognizing a business opportunity in the financial services industry and researching the best way to take advantage of that opportunity.
1.1. Essence of business planning for creating an investment company - The essence of business planning for the creation of an investment company is to come up with a road map to help an entrepreneur to start a business and have a clear understanding of what it will take to make it successful.
Concept of business planning for creating an investment company - Business planning for creating an investment company involves the process of evaluating the feasibility of the proposed business idea, determining the required capital and human resources, and developing a strategic plan for the business operation.
Foreign investment companies examples - Examples of foreign investment companies include Fidelity International, Vanguard, BlackRock, and PIMCO.
2. It is important to analyze the opportunities and prerequisites for an investment company in the Kazakhstan market to ensure the business is successful.
2.1. Assessment of the state of development of an investment company in Kazakhstan - The state of development of the investment company in the Kazakhstan market is currently underdeveloped. Investment companies have not yet established a significant presence in the country, and there is a significant opportunity for new companies to gain a foothold in the market.
Opportunities and advantages of creating an investment company in Kazakhstan - There are several advantages of creating an investment company in Kazakhstan, including a growing middle class, the need for diversification of the economy, the government’s efforts to attract foreign investment, and a highly educated workforce.
3. A business plan is a crucial component of starting an investment company. It provides a roadmap for the entrepreneur to follow and helps to ensure the success of the business.
4. A financial plan is an important component of creating an investment company. It helps to ensure that the business has sufficient capital to operate and grow.
5. A marketing plan is a crucial component of starting an investment company. It helps the entrepreneur to identify potential clients and develop strategies to reach them.
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CU i % wil CU i wil maliz dollar 24. rements 1. If the market interest rate is 5% when TCU issues its bonds, will the bonds be priced at face value, at a premium, or at a discount? Explain. 2. If the
If the market interest rate is 5% when TCU issues its bonds, the bonds will be priced at a premium. This is because the bonds are paying an 8% coupon rate, which is higher than the market rate.
Investors are willing to pay more for bonds that pay a higher interest rate, so the bonds will trade at a price above their face value.
The amount of the premium will depend on the difference between the market interest rate and the coupon rate. In this case, the difference is 3%. So, if the face value of the bonds is $400,000, they will likely trade for $424,000.
When a company issues bonds, it is essentially borrowing money from investors. The company agrees to pay the investors interest on the loan, and to repay the loan in full at a certain date. The interest rate that the company pays is called the coupon rate.
The market interest rate is the interest rate that investors are willing to accept for lending money. If the market interest rate is higher than the coupon rate, then the bonds will be priced at a discount. This is because investors can get a higher interest rate by investing in other bonds.
If the market interest rate is lower than the coupon rate, then the bonds will be priced at a premium. This is because investors are willing to pay more for bonds that pay a higher interest rate.
In the case of TCU, the market interest rate is 5%, which is lower than the coupon rate of 8%. Therefore, the bonds will be priced at a premium.
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Michael Porter's Five Forces on the Canadian Souvenir Market.
Industry Rivalry for Canadian Souvenir Market
Threat of Substitutes for Canadian Souvenir Market
Bargaining power to buyers for Canadian Souvenir Market
Bargaining power of suppliers for Canadian Souvenir Market
New entrants for Canadian Souvenir Market
1. Please provide information on the following above with website links
Michael Porter's Five Forces is a business framework that is used to analyze the competitiveness and attractiveness of an industry.
This framework looks at five factors including industry rivalry, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and new entrants. Here's how each of these factors applies to the Canadian souvenir market: Industry rivalry: The Canadian souvenir market is highly competitive due to the presence of many companies offering similar products. The competition is even more intense during peak tourism seasons. However, companies can differentiate themselves by offering unique and high-quality products. (source)Threat of substitutes: The Canadian souvenir market faces a moderate threat of substitutes. Consumers have the option to purchase similar products from other countries or even online. However, the uniqueness and cultural significance of Canadian souvenirs can mitigate this threat. (source)Bargaining power of buyers: Buyers of Canadian souvenirs have relatively low bargaining power due to the limited number of suppliers in the market. Additionally, buyers often purchase souvenirs on impulse, which reduces their power to negotiate on price or other terms. (source)Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers for Canadian souvenirs is low as well. Most suppliers are small or medium-sized businesses, and they do not have the power to dictate prices or other terms to buyers. (source) New entrants: The Canadian souvenir market faces a low threat of new entrants due to the established players in the industry. The high costs associated with establishing a new souvenir business (such as product development, marketing, and distribution) make it challenging for new entrants to compete with existing players. (source)Sources:1. https://www.ibisworld.com/canada/en/industry/gift-souvenir-stores/2003.2. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4412989/the-souvenir-industry-in-canada.
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At December 31, 2017, Gregson Inc. has these data on its
security investments:
Security Cost Fair
Value 12/
Fair Value: The estimated value of the security at date, based on current market conditions.
At December 31, 2017, Gregson Inc. has the following data on its security investments:
Security:
Cost: The initial cost incurred to acquire the security.
Fair Value: The estimated value of the security at the given date, based on current market conditions.
Unfortunately, the specific values for the cost and fair value of the security investments are not provided in the question. To provide a comprehensive answer, I would need the specific cost and fair value figures for the security investments as of December 31, 2017.
Please provide the cost and fair value data for the security investments so that I can assist you further in analyzing the investment portfolio of Gregson Inc. and its financial impact.
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Objectives of auditing. (Clear and detailed objectives were given on auditing)
Types of business risk. (Four types of business risk was given)
Discussion on importance of information technology auditing. (Able to clearly discuss four importance of information technology auditing.
Implications of information technology auditing in reducing business risk. (Able to provide four detailed implications on how information technology auditing can help to reduce business risk.)
References (Four journals were relevant. References were given in APA format)
Auditing serves several objectives, including ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial statements, assessing compliance with laws and regulations, detecting and preventing fraud, and providing assurance to stakeholders. Business risks can be categorized into four types: strategic risks, financial risks, operational risks, and compliance risks.
Auditing has clear and detailed objectives, including verifying the accuracy and reliability of financial statements to provide assurance to stakeholders. It involves assessing compliance with laws and regulations, detecting and preventing fraud, and evaluating internal control systems. These objectives ensure transparency, accountability, and trust in financial reporting. Business risks encompass various factors that can affect an organization's success. Strategic risks pertain to the business's overall direction and market position, while financial risks relate to potential losses or disruptions in financial management. Operational risks focus on internal processes and systems, and compliance risks involve adherence to legal and regulatory requirements. Information technology auditing is of great importance in today's digital era. It ensures the reliability and security of IT systems and infrastructure by evaluating controls, identifying vulnerabilities, and detecting cyber threats. IT auditing also plays a crucial role in reducing business risks. Firstly, it enhances data security by assessing and improving the protection of sensitive information. Secondly, IT auditing ensures compliance with relevant regulations and industry standards, reducing legal and regulatory risks. Thirdly, it improves operational efficiency by identifying areas for optimization and streamlining IT processes. Lastly, IT auditing provides valuable insights and recommendations for informed decision-making, reducing risks associated with incorrect or incomplete information.
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Promissory Notes A college student, Austin Keynes, wished to purchase a new entertainment system from Friedman Electronics, Inc. Because Keynes did not have the cash to pay for the entertainment system, he offered to sign a note promising to pay $150 per month for the next six months. Friedman Electronics, eager to sell the system to Keynes, agreed to accept the promissory note, which read, "I, Austin Keynes, promise to pay to Friedman Electronics or its order the sum of $150 per month for the next six months." The note was signed by Austin Keynes. About a week later, Friedman Electronics, which was badly in need of cash, signed the back of the note and sold it to the First National Bank of Halston. Give the specific designation of each of the three parties on this note.
The three parties involved in this promissory note are Austin Keynes (maker), Friedman Electronics, Inc. (payee), and First National Bank of Halston (holder).
The maker of the promissory note is Austin Keynes, the college student who promises to pay $150 per month for the next six months. He is the debtor who owes the specified amount to the payee. Friedman Electronics, Inc. is the payee, the party to whom the payment is promised. They initially accepted the note in exchange for the entertainment system. The holder of the note is the First National Bank of Halston, which purchased the note from Friedman Electronics, Inc. by signing the back of it. As the holder, the bank is entitled to receive the payment from the maker as specified in the note.
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On 1.1.2017, MEERA Bhd grants to an employee the right to choose either 12,000 shares or cash payment equal to the value of 10,000 shares (phantom shares). The grant is conditional upon the employee remaining in the company's employ for three years. If the employee chooses the share alternative, the shares must be held for three years after vesting date. At grant date, the company's share price is RM5.00. At the end of year 2017, 2018 and 2019, the share price is RM5.20, RM5.60 and RM6.20, respectively. After taking into account the post-vesting transfer restrictions, the grant date fair value of the share alternative is RM4.90. MEERA shares have a nominal value of RM1 each. Required: a) Compute the amounts of expense and the related liability and equity components in each year. b) Show the effect if, at the end of year 2019, the employee chooses: (i) the cash settlement, and (ii) the equity settlement
In this scenario, MEERA Bhd grants an employee the right to choose between receiving 12,000 shares or a cash payment equal to the value of 10,000 shares (phantom shares).
The grant is conditional upon the employee remaining with the company for three years. The share price at grant date is RM5.00, and the grant date fair value of the share alternative is RM4.90. The share price increases over the three-year period. We need to compute the expense and related liability and equity components each year and analyze the effect if the employee chooses cash settlement or equity settlement at the end of 2019.
a) Expense and related liability and equity components:
To calculate the expense each year, we need to determine the fair value of the grant on each vesting date and allocate it over the vesting period. The expense for each year is computed as follows:
2017: (10,000 shares x RM4.90) / 3 years = RM16,333.33
2018: (10,000 shares x RM5.60) / 3 years = RM18,666.67
2019: (10,000 shares x RM6.20) / 3 years = RM20,666.67
The related liability component represents the cumulative expense over the vesting period and is calculated as follows:
2017: RM16,333.33
2018: RM16,333.33 + RM18,666.67 = RM34,000.00
2019: RM34,000.00 + RM20,666.67 = RM54,666.67
The related equity component represents the shares that would be issued if the employee chooses the share alternative. It is calculated based on the grant date fair value of the share alternative:
2017: 10,000 shares
2018: 10,000 shares
2019: 10,000 shares
b) Effect of employee's choice in 2019:
(i) Cash settlement: If the employee chooses the cash settlement option, the liability component of RM54,666.67 will be settled in cash, resulting in a decrease in the liability and equity components. The expense is fully recognized, and the equity component is reduced to zero.
(ii) Equity settlement: If the employee chooses the equity settlement option, the liability component of RM54,666.67 will be converted into equity by issuing shares. The liability component is reduced to zero, and the equity component remains at 10,000 shares.
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1. Describe why a governance program is important to a company? What are some of the factors that
might drive that program?
2. Describe some of the challenges of enforcing a security policy. Which of those challenges would be
the most difficult to overcome?
3. How does a company maintain compliance? Name at least two mechanisms that could help.
4. Describe risk appetite. Can different companies have different appetite for risk?
A governance program is important to a company due to a number of reasons, such as: It aids in making certain that the company's operations are conducted in a lawful and ethical manner It aids in identifying, measuring, and managing business risks.
It is critical in ensuring that the company adheres to statutory, regulatory, and contractual standards.Legal and regulatory compliance Business objectives and strategiesOperational efficiencies and effectivenessEthical considerations in business practices and operationsRisk management2. Some of the challenges of enforcing a security policy include: Balancing between security and usability requirements.
Preventing internal breaches and malicious attacks on the organization.. 3.A company maintains compliance through the following mechanisms: A governance program that defines the framework for compliance and monitoring.Incorporating regulatory and statutory requirements into the security policy. 4. Risk appetite refers to the degree of risk that an organization is willing to accept in the pursuit of its business objectives.
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To what extent does the approach to time management at McDonald
display features of strategic human resource management?
The approach to time management at McDonald's displays several features of strategic human resource management.
These features include the alignment of time management practices with overall business objectives and the utilization of time as a strategic resource to improve operational efficiency and customer service.In the fast-paced environment of McDonald's, time management plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth operations and meeting customer demands. The company strategically manages its workforce by implementing efficient scheduling practices to optimize labor allocation. By aligning time management practices with business objectives, McDonald's aims to enhance productivity, control costs, and improve customer satisfaction.
Additionally, McDonald's emphasizes employee training and development to ensure effective time management. Through training programs, employees are equipped with the necessary skills to efficiently perform their tasks, manage time effectively, and provide timely service to customers. By investing in employee development, McDonald's promotes a culture of continuous improvement and enhances overall operational efficiency.
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Sam Journeyman derives income as a professional beach dodge ball player.
During the 2017/18 tax year, Sam received the following amounts:
Tournament Prizemoney from dodge ball
$ 85,000
Appearance fees from dodge ball tournaments
12,000
Cash sponsorship from Aussieboom
60,000
Jetski provided by Aussieboom as a sponsorship benefit
8,000
Interest from bank account comprising savings from Prizemoney
3,700
Director fees from Dodgeball Australia. Sam is a director of Dodgeball Australia.
14,500
Car provided by Dodgeball Australia as a benefit
7,200
Required:
Calculate Sam’s taxable professional income for the 2017/18 tax year.
Calculate Sam's other taxable income for 2017/18 tax year
Sam's taxable professional income for the 2017/18 tax year is $175,700. This includes tournament prizemoney ($85,000), appearance fees ($12,000), cash sponsorship ($60,000), and director fees ($14,500).
Sam's other taxable income for the 2017/18 tax year is $11,900. This includes the interest earned from the bank account comprising savings from prizemoney ($3,700) and the value of the benefit received from the car provided by Dodgeball Australia ($7,200).
To calculate Sam's taxable professional income, we sum up the amounts received from tournament prizemoney ($85,000), appearance fees ($12,000), cash sponsorship ($60,000), and director fees ($14,500). Adding these figures, we get $171,500.
Sam's other taxable income is calculated by considering the interest earned from the bank account comprising savings from prizemoney ($3,700) and the value of the benefit received from the car provided by Dodgeball Australia ($7,200). Adding these amounts, we get $11,900.
Therefore, Sam's total taxable income for the 2017/18 tax year is $175,700, which includes his taxable professional income ($171,500) and other taxable income ($11,900).
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Question 5, Problem 15.18 Homework: Chapter 15 Homework Part 1 of 36 Using the FCFS (first come, first served) decision rule for sequencing the jobs, the order is Sequence Job RG-05 sx1 BR-02 CX-01 DE-06 HW Score: 50.86%, 10.17 of 20 points O Points: 0 of 4 Save The following jobs are waiting to be processed at Rick Solano's machine center. Solano's machine conter has a relatively long backlog and sets a fresh schedule every 2 weeks, which does not disturb earlier schedules Below are the jobs to be scheduled today, which is day 241 (day 241 is a work day). Job names refer to names of clients and contract numbers. Compute all times based on initiating work on day 241. Due Date Job BR-02 Date Job Received 230 Duration (days) 320 35 CX-01 235 360 40 DE-06 231 310 30 RG-05 228 300 15 SY-111 225 270 25 COCC
Due Date Job BR-02 Date Job Received 230 Duration (days) 320 35CX-01 235360 40DE-06 231310 30RG-05 228300 15SY-111 225270 25COCCTherefore, the order of jobs is RG-05 sx1, BR-02, CX-01, DE-06.
FCFS stands for First come first served scheduling algorithm. It is a scheduling algorithm that processes the jobs in the order they arrive in the queue. The scheduling algorithm is based on a simple principle which is "first in, first out". Therefore, the job which comes first is processed first, and the job which comes later is processed later.The FCFS scheduling algorithm is very simple to implement. This is because it does not require any complicated calculations or complex decision-making processes.
Furthermore, it is easy to understand and is intuitive to users. The FCFS scheduling algorithm, however, is not suitable for many real-world applications. This is because it does not take into account factors such as the length of time required to complete a job or the priority of jobs.The order of jobs using the FCFS decision rule for sequencing the jobs is as follows:Sequence Job RG-05 sx1BR-02CX-01DE-06HW Score: 50.86%, 10.17 of 20 pointsThe following jobs are waiting to be processed at Rick Solano's machine center:Job names Refer to names of clients and contract numbers.Compute all times based on initiating work on day 241.
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A qualitative procedure used to develop a consensus forecast is known as A. the Delphi technique B. regression methods exponential smoothing D. moving average
The Delphi approach is a qualitative process used to create a consensus forecast.
The Delphi method is a popular qualitative method for creating forecast that are widely accepted. In order to arrive at a group prediction, it entails an organised and iterative process of gathering and analysing input from a group of stakeholders or experts.
When using the Delphi method, experts contribute their particular predictions or opinions on a certain issue or topic while remaining anonymous. After gathering and compiling the responses, the facilitator anonymizes them to prevent participant prejudice or influence. The experts are then given access to the condensed responses for additional analysis and revision.
The experts are urged to examine the combined responses and offer updated predictions or conclusions based on the accumulated data. This procedure keeps going until the experts reach agreement or convergence.
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Give an example of how to value cost of purchases in distorted input market when Inputs
are in Fixed Supply. (Please use curve and figure to show your answer)
In a distorted input market, it is challenging to value the cost of purchases when inputs are in fixed supply. The cost of purchases for firms increases due to the monopoly power of the suppliers.
An example of a distorted input market is one where there is an oligopoly or a monopoly that controls the supply of inputs. For instance, let's assume that there are only two suppliers of a particular input in the market, and they control the supply of this input.
Due to their monopoly power, they can distort the price of this input to maximize their profits. To illustrate this scenario, we can use the following graph: Here, we assume that there are two suppliers of the input in the market, and they control the supply of the input.
As the supply of the input is fixed, the supply curve is vertical, as shown in the graph. The demand curve represents the quantity of the input that firms are willing to purchase at various prices. At P1, the quantity demanded is Q1. However, as the suppliers have monopoly power, they can distort the price to P2 and reduce the quantity demanded to Q2. This results in an increase in the cost of purchases for firms. As a result, firms have to pay higher prices to purchase the same amount of input. This can lead to higher costs for firms and lower profits in the long run.
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If only consumption depends directly on current real disposable income, a ceteris paribus increase in government spending financed completely by taxes will
Multiple Choice
a. definitely decrease the American real GDP by the same amount it would have if the increase in government spending was financed completely by government borrowing.
b. increase the American real GDP by more than the amount of the increase in American government spending.
c. increase the American real GDP by the amount of the increase in American government spending.
d. decrease the American real GDP by an amount less than the amount of the increase in American government spending.
A ceteris paribus increase in government spending financed completely by taxes will (C) increase the American real GDP by the amount of the increase in government spending.
When government spending is financed through taxes, it directly increases current real disposable income for consumers. Since only consumption depends directly on current real disposable income, an increase in government spending financed by taxes will lead to an increase in consumption.
Increased consumption, in turn, leads to an increase in aggregate demand, which stimulates production and economic activity, resulting in an increase in real GDP. Therefore, the correct answer is that an increase in government spending financed completely by taxes will increase the American real GDP by the amount of the increase in government spending.
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The Beta for a security is an alternative way of representing its (a) standard deviation. (b) riskfree return. (c) expected rate of return. (d) covariance with each other security. (e) covariance with
The correct option is (a).
The Beta for a security is an alternative way of representing its standard deviation.
Beta is a measure of systematic risk that indicates the sensitivity of a security's returns to fluctuations in the overall market. It measures how closely the security's returns move in relation to the returns of a benchmark, usually the market index. A security with a higher beta is expected to have larger price swings compared to the benchmark, indicating higher volatility and risk. In this sense, beta can be considered as an alternative representation of standard deviation, which is a measure of the dispersion of returns around the average return.
While beta is related to risk and volatility, it is distinct from other concepts mentioned in the options. Risk-free return refers to the return on an investment with no risk, expected rate of return is a measure of the anticipated return on an investment, and covariance measures the relationship between two variables (such as the security's returns and the returns of other securities).
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Financial Accounting:
1/ Who is Iron Maiden
musicians, and why are they important to the world
of BONDS?
Iron Maiden is a British heavy metal band that was formed in 1975. The band consists of talented musicians who have achieved global success and a dedicated fan base.
Iron Maiden is known for their energetic live performances, powerful music, and iconic mascot, Eddie.In the world of bonds, Iron Maiden holds significance through their pioneering efforts in the music industry's bond market. In 1997, Iron Maiden became the first major band to issue a bond called "Entertainment Bond" as a means of raising capital. The bond allowed fans to invest in the band's future earnings, giving them a unique opportunity to support their favorite musicians and potentially earn returns.
The issuance of the Entertainment Bond by Iron Maiden opened new possibilities for artists to explore alternative financing options beyond traditional record deals and concert revenues. It showcased the potential for bands to leverage their brand and fan base to access capital markets directly.
Iron Maiden's venture into the bond market highlighted the importance of innovation and creativity in the financial realm, demonstrating how musicians can utilize financial instruments like bonds to enhance their financial strategies and maintain artistic independence.
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report a liability on the balance sheet, (b) disclose a contingent liability in the footnotes, or (c) not report the situation
A company must report a liability on the balance sheet and disclose any contingent liabilities in the footnotes.
When a company has a liability, it must report it on the balance sheet. A liability is a financial obligation that a company owes to another party. This can include debts, accounts payable, and other obligations. In addition, companies must also disclose any contingent liabilities in the footnotes of their financial statements. A contingent liability is a potential liability that may or may not occur. This can include lawsuits, warranties, and other potential costs. If the likelihood of the liability occurring is remote, it may not need to be reported. However, if the likelihood of the liability occurring is reasonably possible or probable, it must be disclosed in the footnotes of the financial statements. This helps investors and other stakeholders understand the financial obligations of the company and assess its financial health.
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Question 30
"Find the beta of Pool Shark Corp. if the variance of its stock
returns is 0.44, its correlation with the market is 0.25, and the
variance of market returns is 0.1."
0.75
0.56
The beta of Pool Shark Corp can be calculated using the given information. The beta value is found to be 0.75, indicating the stock's sensitivity to market movements.
Beta is a measure of a stock's volatility in relation to the overall market. It indicates how much the stock's price is expected to move in response to changes in the market. In this case, we can calculate the beta of Pool Shark Corp using the provided information.
The formula to calculate beta is:
Beta = Covariance(stock returns, market returns) / Variance(market returns)
Given that the variance of the stock returns is 0.44 and the variance of market returns is 0.1, we have the necessary components to calculate beta.
First, we need to find the covariance between the stock returns and the market returns. Covariance measures the relationship between the two variables and how they move together. The correlation coefficient can be used to calculate the covariance.
Covariance(stock returns, market returns) = Correlation(stock returns, market returns) * (Standard Deviation(stock returns) * Standard Deviation(market returns))
Using the given correlation of 0.25 and the variance of market returns of 0.1, we can calculate the standard deviation of the market returns as the square root of the variance, which gives us 0.316.
Now, plugging in the values into the covariance formula:
Covariance(stock returns, market returns) = 0.25 * (sqrt(0.44) * 0.316) = 0.056
Finally, we can calculate the beta:
Beta = Covariance(stock returns, market returns) / Variance(market returns) = 0.056 / 0.1 = 0.56
Therefore, the beta of Pool Shark Corp is 0.56. This value indicates that the stock is expected to be 56% as volatile as the overall market. A beta greater than 1 would indicate higher volatility, while a beta less than 1 suggests lower volatility. In this case, with a beta of 0.56, Pool Shark Corp is considered to have a lower level of volatility compared to the overall market.
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Suppose supply and demand are given by P = 90-2Q and P = 10 + 3Q where price is in dollars and quantity is in thousands of units. 1. Refer to Scenario: What is the consumer surplus? a) $512,000 c) $256,000 b) $368,000 d) $184,000 2. Refer to Scenario: What is the producer surplus? a) $668,000 c) $422,000 b) $566,000 d) $384,000 3. Refer to Scenario: What is the deadweight loss associated with a tax of $20 per unit? a) $40,000 b) $60,000 c) $80,000 d) $100,000 4. You are considering buying a 30-Day Unlimited pass for the subway at a price of $127 or just paying $2.75 per ride. Your monthly demand curve is P = 60-2Q, where Q is the number of rides per month. Given this information, your consumer surplus will be (round to nearest dollar) a) $649 buying each ride separately and $914 with the 30-Day Unlimited. b) $819 buying each ride separately and $773 with the 30-Day Unlimited. c) $914 buying each ride separately and $649 with the 30-Day Unlimited. d) $773 buying each ride separately and $819 with the 30-Day Unlimited.
1. To find the consumer surplus, we need to calculate the area between the demand curve and the price line up to the equilibrium quantity.
The equilibrium quantity can be found by setting the supply and demand equations equal to each other:
90 - 2Q = 10 + 3Q
Simplifying the equation:
5Q = 80
Q = 16
Substituting the equilibrium quantity (Q = 16) into the demand equation to find the equilibrium price (P):
P = 10 + 3(16)
P = 10 + 48
P = 58
To calculate the consumer surplus, we need to find the area under the demand curve up to the equilibrium quantity (16) and above the price line (58).
Consumer Surplus = 0.5 * (58 - 10) * 16
Consumer Surplus = 0.5 * 48 * 16
Consumer Surplus = 384
Therefore, the consumer surplus is $384,000.
2. The producer surplus is calculated similarly to the consumer surplus, but we need to find the area above the supply curve and below the equilibrium price.
Producer Surplus = 0.5 * (90 - 58) * 16
Producer Surplus = 0.5 * 32 * 16
Producer Surplus = 256
Therefore, the producer surplus is $256,000.
3. The deadweight loss associated with a tax is the loss of consumer and producer surplus due to the reduction in quantity traded. In this case, the tax is $20 per unit.
90 - 2Q = 10 + 3Q - 20
90 - 10 = 5Q + 2Q
80 = 7Q
Q = 11.43 (rounded to 11)
Substituting Q = 11 into the demand equation to find the new equilibrium price:
P = 10 + 3(11)
P = 10 + 33
P = 43
To calculate the deadweight loss, we need to find the difference in consumer and producer surplus between the two equilibriums:
Deadweight Loss = 0.5 * (58 - 43) * (16 - 11)
Deadweight Loss = 0.5 * 15 * 5
Deadweight Loss = 37.5
Therefore, the deadweight loss associated with a tax of $20 per unit is $37,500.
4. To calculate consumer surplus with the given information, we need to compare the consumer surplus when buying each ride separately and when using the 30-Day Unlimited pass.
When buying each ride separately, the price per ride is $2.75. Substituting this price into the demand equation to find the quantity (rides) demanded:
P = 60 - 2Q
2.75 = 60 - 2Q
2Q = 57.25
Q = 28.625 (rounded to 29)
Consumer Surplus (Buying Each Ride Separately) = 0.5 * (60 - 2.75) * 29
Consumer Surplus (Buying Each Ride Separately) = 0.5 * 57.25 * 29
Consumer Surplus (Buying Each Ride Separately) = $829.63 (rounded to $830)
When using the 30-Day Unlimited pass, the price
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eBook References Required information Problem 15-4A (Algo) Recording, adjusting, and reporting stock Investments with Insignificant Influence LO P4 [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Rose Company had no short-term Investments prior to this year. It had the following transactions this year involving short- term stock Investments with Insignificant influence. April 16 Purchased 10,000 shares of Gem Company stock at $21.00 per share. July 7 Purchased 5,000 shares of PepsiCo stock at $53.00 per share. Purchased 2,500 shares of Xerox stock at $18.00 per share. July 28 August 15 Received a $1.00 per share cash dividend on the Gem Company stock. August 28 Sold 5,000 shares of Gen Company stock at $27.75 per share. October 1 Received a $2.00 per share cash dividend on the PepsiCo shares. December 15 Received a $1.15 per share cash dividend on the remaining Gem Company shares. December 31 Received a $1.00 per share cash dividend on the PepsiCo shares. The year-end fair values per share are Gem Company, $23.25; PepsiCo, $50.25; and Xerox, $15.00. Problem 15-4A (Algo) Part 5 5. Identify the dollar Increase or decrease from Rose's short-term stock Investments on (a) Its Income statement for this year and (b) the equity section of its balance sheet at this year-end. (a) Income statement for this year Increase Increase The equity section of its balance sheet at this year-end
The answer to the problem 15-4A (Algo) part 5 is as follows:(a) Income statement for this year Increase: $62,750(b) Decrease in equity section of its balance sheet at this year-end: ($341,750)
According to the provided case, the following transactions involving short-term stock investments with insignificant influence took place during the year: April 16: Purchased 10,000 shares of Gem Company stock at $21.00 per share. July 7: Purchased 5,000 shares of PepsiCo stock at $53.00 per share. Purchased 2,500 shares of Xerox stock at $18.00 per share. July 28: Received a $1.00 per share cash dividend on the Gem Company stock. August 15: Sold 5,000 shares of Gen Company stock at $27.75 per share. October 1: Received a $2.00 per share cash dividend on the PepsiCo shares. December 15: Received a $1.15 per share cash dividend on the remaining Gem Company shares. December 31: Received a $1.00 per share cash dividend on the PepsiCo shares. The year-end fair values per share are Gem Company, $23.25; PepsiCo, $50.25; and Xerox, $15.00. Income statement for this year= $31,250($27.75 - $21.00) × 5,000 shares sold = $31,250;($2.00 + $1.15) × 10,000 Gem Company shares = $31,500;$1.00 × 5,000 Gem Company shares = $5,000;($1.00) × 5,000 PepsiCo shares = ($5,000);$31,500 + $31,250 + $5,000 - $5,000 = $62,750 Increase on income statement for this year= $62,750 - $0 = $62,750Equity section of its balance sheet at this year-end Gem Company stock: Remaining shares: 10,000 - 5,000 = 5,000 shares;($23.25 × 5,000) + ($1.15 × 5,000) = $118,000;5,000 shares × $21.00 = $105,000;$118,000 + $105,000 = $223,000PepsiCo stock:($50.25 × 5,000) + ($1.00 × 5,000) = $251,250Xerox stock:2,500 shares × $15.00 = $37,500Total fair value = $511,750Total cost = ($21.00 × 10,000) + ($53.00 × 5,000) + ($18.00 × 2,500) = $853,500Total increase = $511,750 - $853,500 = ($341,750)Decrease in equity section of its balance sheet at this year-end = ($341,750)Thus, the answer to the problem 15-4A (Algo) part 5 is as follows:(a) Income statement for this year Increase: $62,750(b) Decrease in equity section of its balance sheet at this year-end: ($341,750).
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Fourth Generation Corporation issued a bond 2 years ago which had a maturity at that time of 15 years. Coupon payments are made semi-annually with an annual interest rate of 6%. If the face value of the bond is $1,000 calculate the value of the bond today which has a required rate of return of 7.5%.
To calculate the value of the bond today, we need to discount the future cash flows (coupon payments and the face value) to present value using the required rate of return.
Step 1: Calculate the number of coupon payments remaining. Since the bond was issued 2 years ago and has a maturity of 15 years, there are (15 - 2) x 2 = 26 coupon payments remaining.
Step 2: Calculate the present value of each coupon payment.
Using the formula for present value of a coupon payment:
PV = C / (1 + r)^n
Where:
PV = Present value of the coupon payment
C = Coupon payment
r = Required rate of return
n = Number of periods remaining
In this case:
C = 0.06 * $1,000 / 2 = $30 (since coupon payments are semi-annual)
r = 7.5%
n = 26
Calculating the present value of each coupon payment:
PV = $30 / (1 + 0.075)^1 + $30 / (1 + 0.075)^2 + ... + $30 / (1 + 0.075)^26
Step 3: Calculate the present value of the face value.
Using the formula for present value of a future value:
PV = F / (1 + r)^n
Where:
PV = Present value of the face value
F = Face value
r = Required rate of return
n = Number of periods remaining
In this case:
F = $1,000
r = 7.5%
n = 26
PV = $1,000 / (1 + 0.075)^26
Step 4: Calculate the total value of the bond today.
The total value of the bond today is the sum of the present value of the coupon payments and the present value of the face value:
Total Value = Present Value of Coupon Payments + Present Value of Face Value
Total Value = PV + PV
Calculate the present value of the coupon payments and the face value using the formulas and the given values. Then, sum up these present values to find the total value of the bond today.
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According to an article in the Wall Street Joumai in early 2019. United States Steel Corp. said it plans to add 1.6 million tons of steelmaking capacity next year by resuming the construction of a new furnace in Alabama as tariffs on foreign metal raise profits on domestic steel." Source: Bob Tita. "U.S. Steel to Expand Under Tariffs," Wall Street Journal, February 11, 2019. a. How does a tariff on imported steel make a U.S. steel company more profitable? O A. Domestic steel firms will be able to lower prices, which will likely increase their profits. B. A tariff on imported steel will raise the prices of those imports, making it likely that some U.S. consumers of steel will shift from buying imported steel to buying domestically-produced steel. OC. A tariff on imported steel will lower the prices of those imports, making it likely that some U.S. consumers of steel will shift from buying imported steel to buying domestically-produced steel. OD. None of the above. A tariff on imported steel will lower the price of steel imports, making it likely that some U.S. consumers of steel will shift from buying domestically-produced steel to buying imported steel, thereby making U.S. steel companies less profitable b. People who had invested in U.S. steel firms are likely to be by a tariff on imported steel. c. Would people in the United States helped by the steel tarifs necessarily support the tariffs? Would people who were hurt by the tariffs necessarily oppose the tariffs? Which of the following statements is true? O A. Some of the people who lose from the tariffs may not understand that the tariffs have inflicted losses on them. For example, a consumer who pays more for a washing machine may not understand that the price of the washing machine has increased because of the steel tariffs. B. People who benefitted from the tariff are likely to support them. We can't say those people will necessarily support the tarifs, though, because their support for free trade unrestricted by tariffs may supersede their monetary gains from this particular tariff. OC. Some people who are hurt by the tariffs may stil support them because, for example, they believe it is a good idea, on normative grounds, to protect jobs in the steel industry. OD. All of the above
The correct answers are B for question a), C for question c), and none of the options provided for question b).
a) The correct answer is B. A tariff on imported steel will raise the prices of those imports, making it likely that some U.S. consumers of steel will shift from buying imported steel to buying domestically-produced steel.
This increased demand for domestic steel allows U.S. steel companies to sell more of their products at higher prices, leading to higher profits.
b) The article does not provide information about the impact on people who had invested in U.S. steel firms, so we cannot determine how they would be affected by the tariff on imported steel.
c) The correct answer is C. Some people who are hurt by the tariffs may still support them because they believe it is a good idea, on normative grounds, to protect jobs in the steel industry. Additionally, some of the people who lose from the tariffs may not understand that the tariffs have inflicted losses on them, which can result in their support for the tariffs. On the other hand, people who benefited from the tariffs may support them, but it is not guaranteed as their overall belief in free trade unrestricted by tariffs may supersede their monetary gains from this particular tariff.
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Tacit collusion is a. possible b. impossible in the finite
period Bertrand models.
They have an incentive to deviate from higher prices set by their rivals to attract more customers and increase their profits. b. impossible in the finite period bertrand models.
in the context of industrial organization and game theory, tacit collusion refers to a situation where firms in an oligopolistic market coordinate their behavior and set prices at higher levels to maximize their joint profits, without explicitly communicating or entering into a formal agreement. however, in the finite period bertrand models, tacit collusion is considered impossible.
in the finite period bertrand model, firms compete by setting prices rather than quantities. each firm assumes that its rivals will keep their prices fixed and tries to undercut them by setting a slightly lower price to capture a larger market share. this leads to intense price competition, and firms have an incentive to lower their prices to gain a competitive advantage. as a result, firms cannot sustain higher prices through tacit collusion in the finite period bertrand model.
the reason behind this impossibility is known as the bertrand paradox. in the finite period setting, firms are aware that they have limited time to compete and capture market share. this competitive pressure eliminates the possibility of tacit collusion and leads to a situation where prices are driven down to the level of marginal cost.
in summary, tacit collusion is not possible in the finite period bertrand models due to intense price competition and the incentive for firms to deviate from higher prices to gain a competitive advantage.
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Question 80 1 Point Which of the following statements is correct about income statement? 1. The financial performance of the entity is primarily measured in terms of the level of income earned by the entity through effective and efficient utilization of resources. II. It is a formal statement showing the financial status of the business in terms of liquidity and solvency. (A) Both I and II B II only I only Neither I nor II
The correct statement about the income statement is (I) only: The financial performance of the entity is primarily measured in terms of the level of income earned by the entity through effective and efficient utilization of resources.
The income statement, also known as the profit and loss statement, focuses on the financial performance of the entity by presenting the revenues, expenses, gains, and losses over a specific period. It measures the level of income earned by the entity, which reflects its ability to generate profits through the efficient use of resources. Statement (II) is incorrect Liquidity and solvency are typically assessed through other financial statements, such as the balance sheet and statement of cash flows.
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The following table shows the market demand in a MONOPOLY market. What is the Marginal Revenue of producing 30 units. Price $5 $4 $3 $2 Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a $20 b $0 C $40 $2 d Quantity 20 30 40 50
To determine the marginal revenue of producing 30 units in a monopoly market, we need to look at
the change in total revenue when the quantity produced increases from 29 to 30 units. The marginal revenue is calculated by finding the difference between the total revenue of producing 30 units and the total revenue of producing 29 units. The marginal revenue of producing 30 units in a monopoly market can be determined by analyzing the change in total revenue when the quantity increases by one unit. From the given table, we can observe that the quantity corresponding to a price of $3 is 40 units. Since producing 30 units falls between the quantities of 20 and 40, we can estimate the marginal revenue by taking the difference in total revenue between these two quantities.
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The purchase of supplies on account for $40 was debited to Supplies $400 and credited to Accounts Payable $400. The correcting entry to correct this error will be: Dr. Supplies 360 Cr. Account payable 360 O Dr. Account payable 400 Cr. Supplies 400 Dr. Account payable Cr. Supplies O Dr. Supplies 40 360 360 Cr. Account payable 40
The correcting entry to rectify the error of debiting Supplies $400 and crediting Accounts Payable $400 for a supplies purchase on account of $40 will be option O. Dr. Supplies 40, Cr. Accounts Payable 40.The correct entry is: Dr. Supplies 40, Cr. Accounts Payable 40. This will correct the error and ensure that the accounts accurately reflect the transaction.
This entry will correct the error and accurately reflect the correct amounts for both accounts.
The initial entry incorrectly debited Supplies for $400 and credited Accounts Payable for $400, instead of debiting Supplies for the correct amount of $40. To rectify this error, a correcting entry should be made to adjust the amounts in both accounts.
The correcting entry should debit Supplies for the actual amount of the purchase, which is $40, and credit Accounts Payable for the same amount. This will reduce the incorrect balance in Supplies by $360 and increase the balance in Accounts Payable by the correct amount owed.
The correct entry is: Dr. Supplies 40, Cr. Accounts Payable 40. This will correct the error and ensure that the accounts accurately reflect the transaction.
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Indah Bumi Sdn. Bhd. is an engineering company that has five cost centres, where three centres are production departments while another two are service departments. Over the years, the company has use
Indah Bumi Sdn. Bhd. is an engineering company with five cost centres, including three production departments and two service departments. The company has relied on traditional cost allocation methods, which may not accurately reflect the resources used by the cost centres.
Indah Bumi Sdn. Bhd. has traditionally allocated costs using methods such as direct labor hours and machine hours for production departments and square footage for service departments.
However, these methods may not accurately reflect the resources used by each cost center. For example, the service departments may provide support to multiple production departments, but traditional cost allocation methods do not account for this shared usage.
A more accurate and fair cost allocation method would be activity-based costing (ABC), which allocates costs based on the specific activities that drive cost within each cost center.
ABC provides more accurate and transparent cost information, which can be helpful for making strategic decisions about resource allocation and pricing.
By implementing ABC, Indah Bumi Sdn. Bhd. can improve its cost allocation accuracy and make more informed business decisions.
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Determine the unit break-even point, assuming fixed costs are $90,000 per period, variable costs are $18.00 per unit, and the sales price is $24.00 per unit.
A. 15,000
B. 3,750
C. 5,000
D. 90,000
The unit break-even point, assuming fixed costs are $90,000 per period, variable costs are $18.00 per unit, and the sales price is $24.00 per unit is 15,000. The correct option is (A).
To determine the unit break-even point, we need to calculate the number of units that need to be sold in order to cover the fixed costs. The formula for the break-even point is:
Break-even point (in units) = Fixed costs ÷ Contribution margin per unit
Given:
Fixed costs = $90,000 per period
Variable costs = $18.00 per unit
Sales price = $24.00 per unit
Contribution margin per unit = Sales price - Variable costs = $24.00 - $18.00 = $6.00
Break-even point (in units) = $90,000 ÷ $6.00 = 15,000 units
Therefore, the unit break-even point is 15,000 units.
The correct answer is (A) 15,000.
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