When retailers cut price of TRPS software, (d) The supply-curve for TRPS shifts to the right.
When retailers cut the price of TRPS software, it creates an incentive for suppliers to increase their production and supply more of the software to the market. As a result, the supply-curve for TRPS shifts to the right.
This shift indicates that at each price level, suppliers are now willing and able to offer a greater quantity of TRPS software. Lower prices encourage suppliers to expand their production, leading to an increase in quantity supplied and a rightward shift of supply-curve.
Therefore, the correct option is (d).
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after reviewing the data in the bls report and conferring with the accounting department; would you recommend an increase in wages to retain the existing labors, leaving wages at the same level for another 6 months or undertaking a major analysis to determine if you should outsource the majority of your labor force?
Based on the information provided, the recommendation regarding wages and outsourcing the labor force can be determined through a careful analysis. Here's a step-by-step approach:
1. Review the BLS report: Start by thoroughly reviewing the data presented in the BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics) report. Understand the current market trends, average wages, and any relevant insights that can impact your decision-making process.
2. Confer with the accounting department: Consult with the accounting department to gain a deeper understanding of the financial implications of any wage increase or outsourcing. Consider factors such as current budget constraints, profitability, and long-term sustainability.
3. Assess labor retention: Evaluate the importance of retaining existing labor. Consider the level of expertise, skillset, and overall contribution of the current workforce to the company's success. Assess whether increasing wages would help retain valuable employees.
4. Analyze the labor market: Determine if the labor market is competitive and if there is a shortage of skilled workers. If there is a shortage, increasing wages may be necessary to attract and retain talent. However, if the market is saturated, outsourcing may be a viable option.
5. Consider cost-benefit analysis: Conduct a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the financial impact of increasing wages versus outsourcing. Compare the costs of retaining and training existing employees with the potential cost savings and efficiency gains that outsourcing may bring.
6. Evaluate long-term implications: Consider the long-term effects of each option. Assess if increasing wages would affect the company's profitability, sustainability, and overall financial health. Similarly, analyze the potential risks and benefits associated with outsourcing, such as quality control and potential negative impact on employee morale.
7. Make a recommendation: Based on the analysis of the BLS report, consultation with the accounting department, labor retention importance, labor market analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and evaluation of long-term implications, make a recommendation that aligns with the company's goals, values, and financial situation.
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A corporation began business by issuing 200,000 shares of $3 par value common stock for $19 per share. During its first year, the corporation sustained a net loss of $100,000. The year-end account balances would show
a $1,000,000 credit balance in the Common Stock account.
a $3,800,000 credit balance in the Common Stock account.
a $3,200,000 credit balance in Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value account.
a $3,800,000 debit balance in the Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par account.
a $100,000 credit balance in the Retained Earnings account.
The correct option is "a $3,200,000 credit balance in Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value account". Par value is the nominal value of the stock assigned by the corporation that appears on the stock certificate. The excess of the amount received above the par value is called paid-in capital in excess of par.
The corporation had issued 200,000 shares of $3 par value common stock for $19 per share. So the total value of the common stock issued by the corporation is:$3 x 200,000 = $600,000The corporation issued common stock at a price of $19 per share. So the total amount received by the corporation is:$19 x 200,000 = $3,800,000The paid-in capital in excess of par value is the excess amount received by the corporation for issuing the common stock, which is calculated by deducting the total value of common stock issued by the corporation from the total amount received by the corporation.
The calculation of the paid-in capital in excess of par value is as follows:$3,800,000 - $600,000 = $3,200,000During the first year of its operation, the corporation sustained a net loss of $100,000. The Retained Earnings account is reduced by the amount of the net loss, which is a debit. So the Retained Earnings account would show a debit balance of $100,000. The common stock account has a credit balance of $1,900,000 ($600,000 + $1,300,000) at the end of the year. The correct option is "a $3,200,000 credit balance in Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value account".
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Innovative Group Ltd, an IT company, is undertaking a new project to develop software for Fair Supermarkets. As such, it is expected that the company has an ROE of 24% and a plowback ratio of 0.30. The forecasted earnings of the company for the first year from now are $2 per share. Investors expect a 12% rate of return on the company’s stock. (need full process)a. Calculate the price at which this company’s stock should sell using the constant-growth dividend discount model.
b. Calculate the present value of growth opportunities for this company.
c. If this company plans to reinvest only 20% of its earnings, will dropping the reinvestment rate from 30% to 20% be a good decision for the company? Why?
Your valuation in part (a) is based on the new project undertaken by the company to develop software for Fair Supermarkets. However, recent developments have informed you that the company will not be able to continue to do this project for Fair Supermarkets. Based on this new information you have revised your estimates regarding the company’s prospect and forecasted that the company’s dividend is $0.50 per share for the first year from now and $1.00 per share for the second and third years from now. After that the company’s dividend will grow at a constant rate of 6% per annum permanently.
d. What is the price at which this company’s stock should sell based on these new inputs according to the two-stage dividend
a. The price at which Innovative Group Ltd's stock should sell is -$5 based on the constant-growth dividend discount model. b. The present value of growth opportunities (PVGO) cannot be calculated without the stock's market price. c. Dropping the reinvestment rate from 30% to 20% may hinder the company's growth prospects and potential for creating shareholder value. d. Without additional information, the price of the company's stock based on the new inputs and the two-stage dividend discount model cannot be determined.
a. To calculate the price at which Innovative Group Ltd's stock should sell using the constant-growth dividend discount model, we can use the formula: Stock Price = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate). Given that the forecasted earnings for the first year are $2 per share, the plowback ratio is 0.30, and the required rate of return is 12%, we can calculate the dividend as follows: Dividend = Earnings per Share * Plowback Ratio = $2 * 0.30 = $0.60. Now, substituting the values into the formula, we have: Stock Price = $0.60 / (0.12 - 0.24) = $0.60 / (-0.12) = -$5. Therefore, based on the constant-growth dividend discount model, the price at which the company's stock should sell is -$5.
b. The present value of growth opportunities (PVGO) can be calculated by subtracting the stock's intrinsic value (calculated using the dividend discount model) from the stock's market price. However, since we don't have the stock's market price in this case, we cannot directly calculate PVGO.
c. If the company plans to reinvest only 20% of its earnings instead of 30%, it means the plowback ratio decreases. A lower plowback ratio implies that a smaller portion of earnings is retained for reinvestment, which may result in reduced future growth opportunities. Dropping the reinvestment rate from 30% to 20% may not be a good decision for the company as it could hinder its growth prospects and potential for creating shareholder value. It is important to carefully assess the impact of changes in the reinvestment rate on the company's long-term growth strategy and consider the trade-off between current dividends and future growth.
d. To calculate the price of the company's stock based on the new inputs and the two-stage dividend discount model, we need additional information such as the required rate of return, specific time periods for each stage, and the stock's market price. Without this information, we cannot determine the exact stock price based on the new inputs.
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Question: try to analyze risk involved in this issue and the impact on stock market return. How can we manage the risk involved in this issue and why? 2. On February 24, 2021, the Hong Kong stock market planned to raise the trading tax for the whole Hong Kong stock market (In its 2021-22 budget, the Hong Kong government announced that stamp duty on stock transfers will increase to 0.13% from 0.1%). Hong Kong's markets tumbled following the trading tax hike announcement.
Risk involved in this issue and the impact on stock market return are negative impact on investor sentiment, reduced trading volume, and decreased market competitiveness.
Investor Sentiment: The announcement of a trading tax hike can negatively affect investor sentiment. Investors may perceive the increased tax as an additional cost of trading, which could discourage trading activities and reduce market participation. This decline in investor sentiment may lead to a decrease in stock prices and overall market performance.
Reduced Trading Volume: A higher trading tax can potentially lead to a decrease in trading volume. Investors may be less inclined to buy or sell stocks due to the increased costs involved. Lower trading volume can result in reduced liquidity and market efficiency, potentially leading to increased bid-ask spreads and difficulty in executing trades. These factors can negatively impact stock market returns.
Market Competitiveness: Hong Kong's stock market competes with other global financial centers. The trading tax hike could make Hong Kong comparatively less attractive for international investors, who might shift their investments to other markets with lower transaction costs. This could result in capital outflows and reduced demand for Hong Kong-listed stocks, affecting stock prices and market returns.
To manage the risks involved in this issue, several strategies can be considered: Investor Education and Communication: Providing clear and transparent information about the implications and rationale behind the trading tax hike can help manage investor expectations. Educating investors about the potential impact on their trading costs and long-term investment strategies can reduce uncertainty and mitigate panic selling.
Market Stability Measures: Regulators can implement measures to ensure market stability during periods of volatility. These measures can include circuit breakers, trading halts, or increased market surveillance to detect and prevent excessive price swings or market manipulation.
Policy Flexibility: Authorities can review and assess the impact of the trading tax hike on the stock market and investor sentiment over time. If the negative consequences outweigh the anticipated benefits, policymakers may consider revising or adjusting the tax rate to mitigate the adverse effects on market returns.
Stimulating Market Activities: To counteract potential decreases in trading volume, market stimulation initiatives can be implemented. Overall, managing the risks associated with the trading tax hike requires a balanced approach that takes into account the interests of investors, market stability, and the competitiveness of the Hong Kong stock market.
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How Compute bond proceeds, amortizing premium by Interest method, and interest expense Ware Co. produces and sells motorcycle parts. On the first day of its fiscal year, Ware issued $29,000,000 of five-year, 13% bonds at a market (effective) interest rate of 10%, with interest payable semiannually. This information has been collected in the Microsoft Excel Online file. Open the spreadsheet, perform the required analysis, and input your answers in the questions below. Office 365 Open spreadsheet Compute the following: a. The amount of cash proceeds from the sale of the bonds. Round your answer to the nearest dollar b. The amount of premium to be amortized for the first semiannual interest payment period, using the interest method. Round your answer to the nearest colla $ c. The amount of premium to be amortized for the second semiannual interest payment period, using the interest method. Round your answer to the nearest dla $ d. The amount of the bond interest expense for the first year. Round your answer to the nearest dollar
The amount of premium to be amortized for the first semiannual interest payment period is $421,429. The amount of premium to be amortized for the second semiannual interest payment period is $421,428 and the bond interest expense for the first year is $1,452,858.
The cash proceeds from the sale of the bonds is calculated by discounting the future cash flows of the bonds using the market interest rate. The amount of premium to be amortized each period is calculated by dividing the total premium by the number of interest payments. The amount of bond interest expense for the first year is calculated by multiplying the effective interest rate by the face value of the bonds.
The following steps were used to calculate the answers:
The market interest rate was 10%, so the present value of the bonds was $29,578,571.
The total premium on the bonds was $421,429, so the amount of premium to be amortized each period was $421,429 / 2 = $210,714.
The effective interest rate was 10%, so the bond interest expense for the first year was $1,452,858.
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pls
do it correctly
Suppose rate of inflation for 2010 was 14 percent. If the CPI for 2010 was 94 , the CPI in 2009 must have been Your Answer:
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for 2009, given an inflation rate of 14 percent in 2010 and a CPI of 94 in that year, we can use the formula: CPI_2009 = CPI_2010 / (1 + inflation rate). In this case, the CPI in 2009 would be 81.74.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the average change in prices of goods and services over time. To calculate the CPI for a specific year, we compare it to a base year. In this case, we are given the CPI for 2010, which is 94, and the inflation rate for that year, which is 14 percent.
To find the CPI for 2009, we need to adjust the CPI for 2010 by the inflation rate. We can use the formula: CPI_2009 = CPI_2010 / (1 + inflation rate). Substituting the given values, we get CPI_2009 = 94 / (1 + 0.14) = 81.74.
Therefore, the CPI in 2009 would have been approximately 81.74 based on the given information.
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An investment will pay $50 at the end of each of the next 3 years, $200 at the end of Year 4, $350 at the end of Year 5, and $600 at the end of Year 6. If other investments of equal risk earn 8% annually, what is its present value? Its future value? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest cent.
Present value: $
Future value: $
The present value of the investment is approximately $947.46.
The future value of the investment is $1,300
The present value of the investment can be calculated by finding the present value of each cash flow and summing them up. The future value of the investment can be obtained by adding up all the future cash flows. Given an 8% annual rate of return, the present value and future value can be determined by discounting and compounding the cash flows, respectively.
To calculate the present value, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value using the 8% annual rate of return. The present value of the cash flows at the end of each year can be calculated as follows:
Year 1: PV1 = $50 / (1 + 0.08)^1 = $46.30
Year 2: PV2 = $50 / (1 + 0.08)^2 = $42.87
Year 3: PV3 = $50 / (1 + 0.08)^3 = $39.75
Year 4: PV4 = $200 / (1 + 0.08)^4 = $158.69
Year 5: PV5 = $350 / (1 + 0.08)^5 = $250.38
Year 6: PV6 = $600 / (1 + 0.08)^6 = $409.47
Present value = PV1 + PV2 + PV3 + PV4 + PV5 + PV6
= $46.30 + $42.87 + $39.75 + $158.69 + $250.38 + $409.47
≈ $947.46
Therefore, the present value of the investment is approximately $947.46.
To calculate the future value, we can simply add up all the future cash flows.
Future value = $50 + $50 + $50 + $200 + $350 + $600
= $1,300
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Suppose a firm’s production function is given by Q = L1/2*K1/2. The Marginal Product of Labor and the Marginal Product of Capital are given by:
MPL = K1/2 / 2L1/2 and MPK = L1/2/ 2K1/2
a) If the price of labor is w = 48, and the price of capital is r = 12, how much labor and capital should the firm hire in order to minimize the cost of production if the firm wants to produce output Q = 18?
b) What is the firm’s Total Cost function TC(Q)?
c) What is the firm’s marginal cost of production?
a) The firm’s marginal cost of production is found to be $12.
b) The firm’s total cost function is TC(Q) = $120.
c) firm’s marginal cost of production= $12
a) Here, the given production function is
Q = L1/2 * K1/2
The given MPL is
MPL = K1/2 / 2L1/2
Given MPK is
MPK = L1/2/ 2K1/2
Suppose the firm wants to produce Q = 18.Let the firm hire L labor and K capital.
The firm’s cost of production is given by the total cost function
TC = wL + rK.
Using MPL, we have:
MPL = ΔQ / ΔL
= ∂Q / ∂L
When
Q = L1/2 * K1/2,
∂Q / ∂L = 1/2 L-1/2 K1/2
Therefore,
MPL = K1/2 / 2L1/2
Similarly, using MPK, we have:
MPK = ΔQ / ΔK
= ∂Q / ∂K
When
Q = L1/2 * K1/2
∂Q / ∂K = 1/2 L1/2 K-1/2
Therefore,
MPK = L1/2 / 2K1/2
Let's begin by finding the optimal amount of labor and capital to be hired.
To minimize cost, the firm must choose the inputs L and K to minimize the total cost function, TC(L, K).We can use the cost function,
TC = wL + rK and
production function
Q = L1/2 * K1/2 to get an expression for TC in terms of Q.
TC = wL + rK = w(4Q / K) + rK
Minimizing TC is equivalent to minimizing Q / K subject to the constraint that Q = 18.
Let’s set up the Lagrangian function:
L(Q, K, λ) = Q / K + λ(18 - Q) / K
We find the first-order conditions by taking partial derivatives and setting equal to zero.
∂L / ∂Q = 1 / K - λ / K
= 0
∂L / ∂K = - Q / K2 + λ(18 - Q) / K2
= 0
∂L / ∂λ = (18 - Q) / K
= 0
From the first equation, λ = 1.
From the second equation,
Q / K2 = 18 / K2 - Q / K2
Therefore, Q = 9K
Plugging Q into the production function, we have:
18 = L1/2 * K1/2
We know that Q = 18 and Q = 9K, so we can rewrite the production function as:
18 = L1/2 * (Q / 9)1/2 → L
= 2 * (Q / 9)1/2 / 3
Using
MPL = K1/2 / 2L1/2,
we have:
MPL = K1/2 / 2L1/2
= K1/2 / 2(2 * (Q / 9)1/2 / 3)1/2
= K1/2 / (2 * 3Q1/2)
Let MPL = MPK to get the optimal input combination:
K1/2 / (2 * 3Q1/2) = L1/2 / (2K1/2)K
= 3L
Therefore, the firm should hire:
L = 2 * (Q / 9)1/2 / 3
= 2 * (18 / 9)1/2 / 3
= 2 units of labor
K = 3
L = 6 units of capitalb)
The firm’s total cost function is
TC(Q) = wL + rK = 48L + 12K
Here, L = 2 and K = 6, so:
TC(Q) = 48(2) + 12(6)
= $120
Therefore, the firm’s total cost function is TC(Q) = $120.
c)To find the firm’s marginal cost of production, we find the derivative of the total cost function:
MC = dTC / dQ
= d / dQ (48L + 12K)
d / dQ (48L + 12K)
= d / dQ (48(2) + 12(6))
= $12
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The Shelly Group has leased a new copier that costs $850 per month plus $0.45 for each copy. What is the total cost if Shelly makes 4,000 copies a month? If it makes 14,500 copies a month? What is the per-copy cost at 4,000 copies? At 14,500 copies? The total cost for 4,000 copies a month is $ (Enter your response as a whole number.)
The total cost for Shelly Group if they make 4,000 copies a month can be calculated by adding the monthly lease cost of $850 to the cost per copy, which is $0.45, multiplied by the number of copies. So, the total cost for 4,000 copies a month would be: $850 + ($0.45 x 4,000) = $850 + $1,800 = $2,650.
Similarly, the total cost for Shelly Group if they make 14,500 copies a month can be calculated using the same formula.
So, the total cost for 14,500 copies a month would be:
$850 + ($0.45 x 14,500) = $850 + $6,525 = $7,375.
Now, to calculate the per-copy cost at 4,000 copies, we divide the total cost by the number of copies.
So, the per-copy cost at 4,000 copies would be:
$2,650 ÷ 4,000 = $0.6625 per copy.
Similarly, to calculate the per-copy cost at 14,500 copies, we divide the total cost by the number of copies.
So, the per-copy cost at 14,500 copies would be:
$7,375 ÷ 14,500 = $0.5086 per copy.
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Malino Corporation manufactures fruity drinks through two process: blending and packaging. Malino uses FIFO method in its production cost reporting. Production data for blending department are as follows: WIP. June 1: materials 29,000 WIP. June 1: conversion costs 16.500 Materials added $ 1.275.000 Labor 99.000 Overhead 110.500 Production records show that: 1. 25.000 unit were in beginning work in process, 40% complete as to conversion cost. 2.425,000 units were started into production 3. 35,000 units were in ending work in press, 40% complete as to conversion cost Materials are fully included/given at the beginning of each process Instructions: a) Compute the physical units of production. b) Determine the equivalent units of production for materials and conversion costs. c) Compute the unit costs of production (rounded to three decimals). d) Determine the costs to be assigned to the units transferred out and in process.
a) Compute the physical units of production:
Units in the beginning WIP = 25,000 units
Units started into production = 425,000 units
Total units accounted for = 450,000 units
Therefore, the physical units of production = 450,000 units.
b) Determine the equivalent units of production for materials and conversion costs:
Equivalent units of production for Materials:
Units in beginning WIP (100% × 25,000)
= 25,000
Units started into production (100% × 425,000)
= 425,000
Total units (25,000 + 425,000)
= 450,000
Conversion cost (40% × 25,000)
= 10,000
Equivalent units of production for materials = 435,000
Equivalent units of production for Conversion Cost:
Units in beginning WIP (40% × 25,000) = 10,000
Units started into production (100% × 425,000) = 425,000
Total units (25,000 + 425,000) = 450,000
Conversion cost (40% × 25,000) = 10,000
Equivalent units of production for Conversion cost = 435,000
c) Compute the unit costs of production (rounded to three decimals):
Total production costs = Materials cost + Labor cost + Overhead cost
= $1,275,000 + $99,000 + $110,500
= $1,484,500
Cost per equivalent unit of materials = Total production cost of materials / Equivalent units of materials
= $1,275,000 / 435,000 units
= $2.9310
Cost per equivalent unit of conversion costs = Total production cost of conversion / Equivalent units of conversion cost
= $209,500 / 435,000 units
= $0.4816
d) Determine the costs to be assigned to the units transferred out and in process:
Costs assigned to the units transferred out = Equivalent units of production × Cost per equivalent unit
= 435,000 units × ($2.9310 + $0.4816)
= $1,444,685.50 Costs assigned to ending work in process
= Ending inventory units (40% of 35,000 units) × Cost per equivalent unit
= 14,000 × ($2.9310 + $0.4816)
= $47,098.40
Therefore, the costs to be assigned to the units transferred out and in process are $1,444,685.50 and $47,098.40, respectively.
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Bullying is harmful to employees’ health and permeates the business environment, creating a toxic workplace. (100 - 120 words)
View 2:
The laws against bullying are not feasible since they are hard to define and have the potential to limit managers’ ability to manage. (100 - 120 words)
Please respond to BOTH arguments in the forums. Conversely, you can respond to other posts providing the same WORD count (approx. 200 to 240 words) is acknowledged
Bullying is harmful to employees’ health and permeates the business environment, creating a toxic workplace. In addition, it also affects the performance of employees negatively. Employees' mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and stress could develop as a result of being bullied at work.
The laws against bullying may not be feasible since they are hard to define and have the potential to limit managers’ ability to manage. Managers could interpret the laws as a way of limiting their ability to manage performance issues and conflicts in the workplace.
By adhering to the laws, managers would ensure that employees are treated fairly, with respect and dignity. This would help to create a positive work environment, increase employee satisfaction, and reduce employee turnover.
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Consider the following Cobb-Douglas production function: Y t
=A t
K t
θ
N t
1−θ
where θ∈(0,1) is the extent of capital intensity (or capital share of total output) and A t
is the level of technology (total factor productivity) in period t. a. Using (1), derive an expression for output per capita (worker) by defining y t
≡Y t
/N t
and k t
≡K t
/N t
, then derive an expression for the growth rate of output per worker.
This expression shows that the growth rate of output per worker depends on the growth rate of technology, the capital intensity parameter θ, and the growth rate of capital per worker.
The Cobb-Douglas production function, Y_t = A_t * K_t^θ * N_t^(1-θ), describes how output (Y_t) depends on capital (K_t), labor (N_t), and technology (A_t). To analyze output per capita, we define y_t = Y_t / N_t and k_t = K_t / N_t. By substituting these into the production function, we obtain y_t = A_t * k_t^θ. To calculate the growth rate of output per worker, we differentiate the equation with respect to time, yielding Δy_t/y_t = ΔA_t/A_t + θ * Δk_t/k_t. This expression shows that the growth rate of output per worker depends on the growth rate of technology, the capital intensity parameter θ, and the growth rate of capital per worker.
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A sells 200 shares of ABC Corp. short. The shares are priced at $12.01 at initiation of the position. The initial margin ratio is 150% and the minimum required margin ratio is 120%. Ngan Giang closes the position when the price of a shares is $13.48. Calculate the rate of return realized by A. Note: If your rate of return is negative, you should include the negative sign in your answer.
Therefore, the rate of return realized by A is 12.24%. To calculate the rate of return realized by A, we need to follow these steps:
1. Determine the initial investment:
A sells 200 shares of ABC Corp. short at a price of $12.01 per share.
Therefore, the initial investment is $12.01 per share multiplied by 200 shares, which equals $2,402.
2. Calculate the initial margin:
The initial margin ratio is 150%.
To calculate the initial margin, we multiply the initial investment by the initial margin ratio:
$2,402 x 150% = $3,603.
3. Calculate the minimum required margin:
The minimum required margin ratio is 120%.
To calculate the minimum required margin, we multiply the initial investment by the minimum required margin ratio:
$2,402 x 120% = $2,882.40.
4. Calculate the change in position value:
The position is closed when the price of a share is $13.48.
Therefore, the change in position value is ($13.48 - $12.01) x 200 shares = $294.
5. Calculate the rate of return:
The rate of return can be calculated using the formula:
(Change in position value / Initial investment) x 100.
In this case, it is (($294 / $2,402) x 100) = 12.24%.
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I need help ASAP please!
1. You are considering a project that requires an initial investment of $105,000 with a cost of capital of 12%. You expect the project to have a five-year life, and produce cash flows of $19,000 in year 1, $32,000 in year 2, $64,000 in year 3, $26,000 in year 4 and $10,000 in year 5. What is this project’s net present value?
2. You are considering a project that requires an initial investment of $115,000 with a cost of capital of 9%. You expect the project to have a five-year life, and produce cash flows of $27,000 in year 1, $39,000 in year 2, $56,000 in year 3, $27,000 in year 4 and $10,000 in year 5. What is this project’s IRR?
3. You are considering a project that requires an initial investment of $110,000 with a cost of capital of 9%. You expect the project to have a five-year life, and produce cash flows of $17,000 in year 1, $39,000 in year 2, $56,000 in year 3, $27,000 in year 4 and $10,000 in year 5. What is this project’s Discounted Payback Period?
4. At year end, Sampson Company’s balance sheet showed total assets of $80 million, total liabilities of $50 million, and 1,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding. Next year, Malta is projecting that it will have net income of $2.6 million. If the average P/E multiple in Malta’s industry is 16, (and this is an average stock) what should be the price of Sampson’s stock?
5. PLT Company just paid a dividend of $2.00. The dividend is expected to grow by 8% this year, 6% in year two and 5% in year three. Then, beginning in year four, the dividend will begin growing at a constant rate of 4%. With a required return of 13%, what is the stock worth today?
6. A common stock currently has a beta of 1.7, the risk-free rate is 5 percent annually, and the market return is 12 percent annually. The stock is expected to generate a constant dividend of $5.70 per share. A pending lawsuit has just been dismissed and the beta of the stock drops to 1.2. The new equilibrium price of the stock will be
7. Calculate operating cash flow if a firm has sales of $1,000,000, depreciation of $220,000 operating profit (EBIT) of $280,000, interest expense of $50,000, and a tax rate of 25%.
Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), Discounted payback period, Stock price, Stock worth, Equilibrium price of stock and Operating cash flow are financial management terms that are used for the evaluation of investment proposals, risk management and profitability analysis.
1. Calculation of NPV: To calculate the NPV, you need to discount the cash flows to the present value and subtract the initial investment from the sum of the present values. The NPV of the project is calculated as follows:NPV = -$105,000 + ($19,000 / (1.12) + $32,000 / (1.12)^2 + $64,000 / (1.12)^3 + $26,000 / (1.12)^4 + $10,000 / (1.12)^5)NPV = -$105,000 + $12,979.34 = $-92,020.66.The net present value of this project is -$92,020.66.2. Calculation of IRR: To calculate the IRR, you need to find the discount rate that makes the present value of the cash inflows equal to the initial investment. Using the formula for IRR, we have:IRR = 13.25%.The IRR of the project is 13.25%.3.
Calculation of Discounted Payback Period: The discounted payback period is the number of years it takes for the sum of the discounted cash flows to equal the initial investment. The discounted payback period of the project is calculated as follows:Year 1: -$110,000 + $17,000 = -$93,000Year 2: -$93,000 + $39,000 / (1.09) = -$56,091.74Year 3: -$56,091.74 + $56,000 / (1.09)^2 = -$4,277.77Year 4: -$4,277.77 + $27,000 / (1.09)^3 = $12,113.09Year 5: $12,113.09 + $10,000 / (1.09)^4 = $20,363.05.The discounted payback period is 4 years.4. Calculation of Stock Price: The price of the stock is calculated using the formula:Price of stock = (Net income x P/E multiple) / Number of shares outstandingPrice of stock = ($2.6 million x 16) / 1 millionPrice of stock = $41.6.The price of the stock should be $41.6.5. Calculation of Stock Worth: The value of the stock is calculated using the dividend discount model.
The value of the stock is the sum of the present value of the expected dividends and the present value of the expected stock price at the end of year 3.Stock worth = ($2.00 x (1 + 0.08) / (1 + 0.13)^1) + ($2.00 x (1 + 0.08)^2 / (1 + 0.13)^2) + ($2.00 x (1 + 0.08)^3 / (1 + 0.13)^3) + ($2.00 x (1 + 0.08)^3 x (1 + 0.04) / (0.13 - 0.04) / (1 + 0.13)^3)Stock worth = $25.68.6. Calculation of Equilibrium Price of Stock: Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula, we can calculate the new expected rate of return and the new price of the stock.
The new expected rate of return can be calculated as follows:Revised expected return = Risk-free rate + Beta x Market risk premiumRevised expected return = 5% + 1.2 x (12% - 5%)Revised expected return = 15.4%.The new expected return is 15.4%. The new price of the stock can be calculated using the constant dividend growth model:Revised equilibrium price of stock = D1 / (Ke - g)Revised equilibrium price of stock = $5.70 / (0.154 - 0.04)Revised equilibrium price of stock = $50.36.The new equilibrium price of the stock will be $50.36.7. Calculation of Operating Cash Flow: Operating cash flow (OCF) is calculated as follows:OCF = EBIT + Depreciation - TaxesOCF = $280,000 + $220,000 - ($280,000 - $220,000) x 0.25OCF = $310,000.The operating cash flow of the firm is $310,000.
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You are given data on GDP, FDI, government expenditure, net exports, inflation and consumption expenditure for 50 countries in 2018. In groups of 5-7, you are required to conduct an investigation on the factors that impact economic growth, using GDP as a proxy for growth. The paper is limited to 5-10 pages, and it should include: 1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. The regression output generated by the software of your choice (excel, SPSS, SATA, eview, R, Matlab) 4. The analysis/discussion, which should include the interpretation of the R-squared coefficient and each the regression coefficients, along with hypothesis tests. 5. Conclusion (including policy recommendations) 6. References (APA)ise, the demand for coffee rises.
The assignment requires that you conduct an investigation on the factors that impact economic growth using GDP as a proxy for growth. To do this, you will need to use the data on GDP, FDI, government expenditure, net exports, inflation, and consumption expenditure for 50 countries in 2018.
The introduction should provide a background of the study and a clear statement of the research question. You should also explain the significance of the study and the rationale behind it. Literature- The literature review should provide an overview of previous studies that have investigated the factors that impact economic growth.
This can be generated using any statistical software of your choice, such as Excel, SPSS, SATA, Eviews, R, or Matlab. The regression output should include the following :R-squared coefficient, Regression coefficients, Hypothesis tests Analysis/Discussion In this section, you should interpret the R-squared coefficient and each of the regression coefficients. The paper should be limited to 5-10 pages, and it should be well-organized and comprehensive. You should ensure that you follow the instructions and guidelines provided to score high marks.
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Identify a true statement about current assets, A.They include the long-term assets of a firm. B.They are resources that a firm expects to convert into cash within a year, C.They are resources that a firm decides to set aside to pay its long-term liabilities. D.They include a firm's tanginle assets, such as machinery and equipment.
The true statement about current assets is that they are resources that a firm expects to convert into cash within a year. Therefore, the correct option is B.
Current assets are a category of assets on a balance sheet that are crucial to the operations of a company and are anticipated to be converted to cash within one year. It comprises of cash, accounts receivable, inventory, and other short-term investments which the company hopes to liquidate in the immediate future. The term "current" refers to the expectation that the assets will be turned into cash within a year, usually within 12 months of the balance sheet date.
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A local manufacturer has been approached to supply a special order for 500 vases at a price = $20 per vase. The current production per unit product cost of the vase includes: direct material = $10, direct labour = $8, variable overhead = $5 & allocated fixed overhead = $3. The allocated fixed overhead relates to factory rent that would be incurred regardless of whether the special order is accepted or not. The business has sufficient spare capacity to produce the order. From a quantitative point of view, should they accept the order?
Group of answer choices
O No, as the selling price ($20) is less than the full product cost per unit ($26).
O Yes, as long as the customer pays on time.
O Yes, as the selling price ($20) is greater than the direct material and direct labour cost ($18).
O No, as the selling price ($20) is less than the total relevant cost ($23) based on direct material cost + the direct labour cost + the variable overhead cost.
A local manufacturer has been approached to supply a special order for 500 vases at a price = $20 per vase. The current production per unit product cost of the vase includes:
direct material = $10, direct labour = $8, variable overhead = $5 & allocated fixed overhead = $3. The allocated fixed overhead relates to factory rent that would be incurred regardless of whether the special order is accepted or not. The business has sufficient spare capacity to produce the order.
From a quantitative point of view, should they accept the order?Yes, as the selling price ($20) is greater than the direct material and direct labour cost ($18).
Direct Material cost per unit = $10Direct Labour cost per unit = $8Variable overhead cost per unit = $5Allocated fixed overhead per unit = $3
Now we need to calculate the full product cost per unit= Direct Material cost + Direct Labour cost + Variable overhead cost + Allocated fixed overhead cost full Product Cost per unit = 10+8+5+3 = $26
Therefore, the full product cost per unit is $26.The total relevant cost is the sum of the direct material cost + direct labour cost + variable overhead cost. The calculation is shown below:
Total Relevant Cost per unit = Direct Material cost + Direct Labour cost + Variable overhead cost= 10+8+5= $23The selling price per unit is $20, and the direct material and direct labour cost per unit is $18.
Therefore, the firm should accept the special order, as the selling price ($20) is greater than the direct material and direct labour cost ($18).
So the answer is: Yes, as the selling price ($20) is greater than the direct material and direct labour cost ($18).
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The costs assigned to a job that has been sold is reported on the:
multiple choice
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Cost of Goods Sold
Costs assigned to a job that has been sold are reported on the "Cost of Goods Sold" section of the financial statements. So, option E is the right choice.
Cost assignment: When a job is sold, the costs associated with that job need to be assigned. This includes direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead costs .Calculation of cost of goods sold: The cost of goods sold represents the total cost of producing the goods or services that were sold during a specific period. It is calculated by adding the beginning inventory (if any) to the cost of goods manufactured and subtracting the ending inventory.Cost of goods manufactured: The cost of goods manufactured represents the total cost of producing the goods or services during a specific period. It includes direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead costs.Income statement: The income statement provides a summary of the revenues, expenses, and resulting net income or loss for a specific period. The cost of goods sold is reported as an expense on the income statement. It is subtracted from the revenue to calculate the gross profit.Therefore, the costs assigned to a job that has been sold are reported on the "Cost of Goods Sold" section of the income statement.
The right answer is option E. Cost of Goods Sold
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The complete question may be like:
The costs assigned to a job that has been sold is reported on the:
A. multiple choice
B. Income Statement
C. Balance Sheet
D. Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
E. Cost of Goods Sold
Briefly analyse the implications of the differences in national
cultures for human resource managers in global organisations.
The differences in national cultures have significant implications for human resource managers in global organizations. Here are a few key implications:
1. Recruitment and Selection: National cultures vary in terms of values, attitudes, and work practices. HR managers must consider these cultural differences when recruiting and selecting employees for global assignments.
2. Training and Development: Cultural differences affect how individuals learn and respond to training. HR managers need to design training programs that are culturally sensitive, considering diverse learning styles and preferences.
3. Performance Management: Performance expectations and evaluation criteria can differ across cultures. HR managers must develop performance management systems that account for cultural variations.
4. Compensation and Benefits: Compensation structures and benefits packages need to be adapted to align with cultural expectations. Some cultures value individual performance, while others emphasize collective achievements.
5. Global Mobility and Expatriate Management: Managing expatriate assignments requires careful consideration of cultural factors. HR managers need to provide support for expatriates in navigating cultural differences, offering cultural training, and facilitating cross-cultural adjustment. Understanding host country cultures and managing cultural adaptation challenges are crucial for successful global mobility.
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the board of a large hospital is building a strategic plan to meet the care needs of baby boomers in coming years. when developing a plan for the future, which characteristics of baby boomers would be most important to incorporate into the plan? select all that apply:
When developing a strategic plan to meet the care needs of baby boomers, the following characteristics would be important to incorporate into the plan:
1. Age-related healthcare requirements: As baby boomers age, it is essential to consider their specific healthcare needs such as chronic disease management, geriatric care, and preventive screenings.
2. Technological proficiency: Baby boomers are generally more tech-savvy than previous generations. Incorporating technology into healthcare services, such as telemedicine and digital health records, can enhance accessibility and convenience for this demographic.
3. Preference for personalized care: Baby boomers often seek personalized healthcare experiences. Offering tailored treatment plans, patient-centered care, and individualized attention can help meet their expectations.
4. Focus on wellness and healthy aging: Baby boomers are generally interested in maintaining their health and wellness. The strategic plan should incorporate initiatives promoting healthy lifestyles, preventive care, and age-friendly services.
5. Continuity of care: Baby boomers value continuity in their healthcare experiences. Incorporating care coordination, seamless transitions between healthcare settings, and effective communication between healthcare providers can enhance their overall experience.
Remember, these are just a few important characteristics to consider, and there may be additional factors specific to the hospital's context that should also be incorporated into the strategic plan.
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The Environmental Impact Assessment process is well defined by regulation. Indicate the process in preparing Environmental Impact Assessment in terms of FIVE (5) criteria.
The process of preparing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) involves five key criteria: scoping, baseline data collection, impact prediction, impact assessment, and mitigation measures.
The preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment involves a systematic approach to assess the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project or activity. The five criteria that define the process are as follows:
Scoping: This initial step involves defining the scope and boundaries of the assessment, identifying the key environmental components to be considered, and determining the assessment methods to be used.
Baseline data collection: This stage involves gathering information about the existing environmental conditions in the project area. It includes collecting data on air quality, water resources, biodiversity, soil conditions, socio-economic aspects, and cultural heritage, among others.
Impact prediction: Using the baseline data, this step involves identifying and predicting the potential environmental impacts that may arise from the proposed project. It assesses the magnitude, extent, duration, and significance of these impacts.
Impact assessment: In this stage, the predicted impacts are evaluated and assessed in terms of their significance and importance. This involves comparing the predicted impacts with relevant environmental standards, guidelines, and regulatory requirements.
Mitigation measures: Based on the assessment of impacts, this final step involves identifying and recommending appropriate mitigation measures to avoid, minimize, or compensate for the adverse environmental impacts. These measures aim to protect and enhance the environment, reduce risks, and promote sustainable development.
By following these five criteria, the preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment ensures a comprehensive and structured approach to assess and manage the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project or activity.
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Company X has been unable to keep up with customer demands for product Y. They are conDecision tree sidering two options. The first is to replace the existing tooling machine with a new machine or start a second shift to increase throughput. The cost of the new machine is 5500,000 . 1 he cost of ramping up the second shift is 5150,000 . With the new machine option, there is a 60 percent opportunity of generating 750,000 in revenue. There is also a 40 percent opportunity of making $200 in revenue. With the second-shift option, there is a 50 percent opertunity to generate $100,000 of revort enue. Which oprion would you recommend?
Recommended option would be to replace the existing tooling machine with new machine. Expected revenue from new machine option = $530,000.Expected revenue from second-shift option = $50,000
To make a decision, we need to consider the potential revenue outcomes for each option. With the new machine option, there is a 60% chance of generating $750,000 in revenue and a 40% chance of generating $200,000 in revenue. This means that the expected revenue from the new machine option can be calculated as follows:
Expected revenue from new machine option = (0.60 * $750,000) + (0.40 * $200,000)
= $450,000 + $80,000
= $530,000
On the other hand, with the second-shift option, there is a 50% chance of generating $100,000 in revenue. Therefore, the expected revenue from the second-shift option is:
Expected revenue from second-shift option = 0.50 * $100,000
= $50,000
Comparing the expected revenues, we can see that the new machine option has a higher expected revenue of $530,000 compared to the second-shift option's expected revenue of $50,000.
Considering the cost involved, the cost of the new machine is $550,000, while the cost of ramping up the second shift is $150,000. Since the expected revenue from the new machine option is significantly higher than the expected revenue from the second-shift option, it is reasonable to recommend investing in the new machine.
However, it's important to note that other factors, such as long-term feasibility, maintenance costs, and operational efficiency, should also be considered before making a final decision. The financial analysis provided here is based solely on the revenue potential and cost figures provided in the scenario.
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which of the following statements are true of teams? group of answer choices interactions among members within teams are more personal and informal that interactions between people in groups the members of a team operate relatively independently and are not essential to their completion of goals a work team interdependently over a period of time accomplish common goals and task groups are formed with specific purposes and goals in mind
Teams involve personal and informal interactions, work interdependently to achieve common goals, and are formed with specific purposes in mind.
Based on the given statements, the following are true about teams:
1. Interactions among members within teams are more personal and informal than interactions between people in groups.
2. A work team operates interdependently over a period of time to accomplish common goals and tasks.
3. Task groups are formed with specific purposes and goals in mind.
In conclusion, teams involve personal and informal interactions, work interdependently to achieve common goals, and are formed with specific purposes in mind.
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How have the five (5) forces shaped Apple's success? By success, we mean market position, brand recognition and their ability to produce high levels of financing result (i.e. Profitability) and market capitalization.
Kindly, answer with minimum 5oo words.
The five forces framework, developed by Michael Porter, analyzes the competitive dynamics of an industry. While it is primarily used to assess industry attractiveness and profitability.
1. Competitive Rivalry: Apple operates in highly competitive industries, such as smartphones, computers, and wearables. However, Apple has differentiated itself through its innovative design, user-friendly interfaces, and ecosystem integration. This has allowed Apple to maintain a strong market position and stand out from competitors.
2. Supplier Power: Apple's success is partly attributed to its robust supply chain management and strong relationships with suppliers. By securing favorable terms, exclusive components, and manufacturing capabilities, Apple has maintained control over its supply chain, ensuring reliable product availability and quality.
3. Buyer Power: Despite the strong brand loyalty Apple enjoys, customers still have some bargaining power due to the availability of alternative products in the market. However, Apple's focus on delivering superior user experiences and its ability to create customer lock-in through its ecosystem has helped mitigate buyer power and maintain premium pricing.
4. Threat of Substitutes: Apple faces the threat of substitutes, particularly in the form of competing devices and platforms. However, Apple's brand recognition, ecosystem integration, and focus on user experience have created a sense of loyalty among customers, reducing the impact of substitutes.
5. Threat of New Entrants: The barriers to entry in Apple's industries are relatively high. Apple's strong brand, extensive patent portfolio, and significant R&D investments create hurdles for new entrants. Additionally, Apple's ecosystem and loyal customer base make it challenging for newcomers to gain traction.
Overall, the five forces have influenced Apple's success by allowing the company to differentiate itself from competitors, maintain strong brand recognition, leverage supply chain advantages, mitigate the impact of substitutes, and deter new entrants. These factors have contributed to Apple's market dominance, profitability, and impressive market capitalization.
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Calculate the dividend for shareholders if net income is $435,000 and addition to retained earnings is given as $250,000. Use the editor to format your answer
The dividend for shareholders would be $185,000.
The dividend for shareholders is calculated as follows:
Net Income: $435,000
Addition to Retained Earnings: $250,000
Dividend = Net Income - Addition to Retained Earnings
Dividend = $435,000 - $250,000
Dividend = $185,000
Therefore, the dividend for shareholders is $185,000.
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a) Distinguish between Absolute form Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and Relative form Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theories. b) Ghana's inflation is forecasted to be 33% over the coming year whilst that of South Africa is forecasted to be 8%. The current exchange rate between Ghana Cedi and the South African Rand is 0.25 ZAR per 1 GHS. i) How should we quote the exchange rate between Ghana Cedi and the South African . (ZAR) in a year's time to avoid arbitrage? ii) A Ghanaian company is importing goods worth ZAR 20 m in a year's time, how much GHS will the company require to import the goods? iii) If the actual rate at the end of the year is 0.35 ZAR per 1GHS, what is the absolute forecast error for the forecast in (i)?
a) Absolute form Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) focuses on the absolute price levels between two countries, while Relative form PPP considers the changes in relative price levels over time.
b) i) Adjust exchange rate based on inflation differential. ii) ZAR 20m * adjusted exchange rate = GHS required. iii) Absolute forecast error = Actual exchange rate - Forecasted exchange rate.
Absolute form PPP: This theory suggests that the exchange rate between two currencies should be equal to the ratio of the price levels in each country. It assumes that the same basket of goods should have the same cost in different countries when measured in a common currency.
Relative form PPP: This theory focuses on the changes in relative price levels over time. It suggests that the exchange rate between two currencies should adjust to reflect the inflation differential between the two countries.
b) i) To avoid arbitrage, the exchange rate between Ghana Cedi (GHS) and the South African Rand (ZAR) in a year's time should reflect the expected inflation differential of 33% (Ghana) and 8% (South Africa) from the current exchange rate.
ii) If a Ghanaian company is importing goods worth ZAR 20 million in a year's time, and the exchange rate is quoted as the expected rate in (i), the company would require an amount in Ghana Cedi (GHS) that is equivalent to ZAR 20 million multiplied by the quoted exchange rate.
iii) The absolute forecast error is calculated by taking the difference between the actual exchange rate at the end of the year (0.35 ZAR per 1 GHS) and the forecasted exchange rate in (i).
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a corporation creates a sinking fund in order to have $620,000 to replace some machinery in 11 years. how much should be placed in this account at the end of each month if the annual interest rate is 3.9% compounded monthly? (round your answers to the nearest cent.)
Approximately $3,866.15 should be placed in the account at the end of each month.
To determine the amount that should be placed in the sinking fund at the end of each month, we can use the future value of an ordinary annuity formula.
The formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity is:
FV = PMT * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
Where:
FV is the future value (in this case, $620,000)
PMT is the monthly deposit
r is the monthly interest rate (3.9% divided by 12, or 0.0325)
n is the total number of periods (11 years * 12 months, or 132)
Substituting the given values into the formula:
$620,000 = PMT * [(1 + 0.0325)^132 - 1] / 0.0325
Solving for PMT:
PMT = $620,000 * 0.0325 / [(1 + 0.0325)^132 - 1]
PMT ≈ $3,866.15
Therefore, approximately $3,866.15 should be placed in the account at the end of each month.
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Write a 3 paragraph summary on the article e "'Feel-Good' News Story or Poverty Propaganda?" by Kali Halloway,
Begin with a reference to the author using his/her full name and the title of the work. This should be present in your introductory paragraph.
State the author’s thesis (central claim) in the first paragraph of your summary.
Concisely convey--in your own words--the author's key ideas and/or main points in support of the thesis. This is best suited for the second paragraph of your summary.
End your summary by stating what the author hopes the reader will take away from the work.
The article 'Feel-Good' News Story or Poverty Propaganda?" is written by Kali Halloway. In her article, Halloway investigates the way news reports sensationalize heartwarming stories of people pulling themselves out of poverty, suggesting that such reports serve as propaganda to perpetuate the narrative that poverty is a self-inflicted situation.
Halloway argues that it is just a feel-good story that has the effect of perpetuating the narrative that the poor can and should save themselves.The author argues that the representation of poverty as something that can be overcome through individual hard work is misleading. She suggests that the feel-good stories that news media produces perpetuate the idea that the poor are the only ones responsible for their own poverty, creating a harmful narrative.
She proposes that poverty is a result of economic and political structures, and that while individual stories of triumph are heartwarming, they do not address the larger systemic issues that create and perpetuate poverty.The author hopes that the reader will take away the idea that poverty is not the fault of the individual. Poverty is a result of a complex network of social, economic, and political structures that perpetuate the cycles of poverty.
Halloway encourages readers to look beyond the feel-good news stories and consider the larger systemic issues at play, with the hope that this shift in perception might help people think differently about the ways in which poverty is created and sustained.
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which of the following are principles of sound banking behavior? a. control mismatches between assets and liabilities b. expand cautiously into unfamiliar activities c. all of the options d. avoid an undue concentration of loans to single activities
The principles of sound banking behavior are to control mismatches between assets and liabilities, expand cautiously into unfamiliar activities, avoid an undue concentration of loans to single activities, and more. Hence, the correct option among the given alternatives is c) all of the options.
The banking sector, like any other industry, is influenced by the ever-changing market environment. As a result, the banking sector must remain up-to-date in order to provide efficient services. Furthermore, banking is a delicate business that necessitates strict adherence to fundamental banking principles. Here are the following principles of sound banking behavior:
Control mismatches between assets and liabilities: A bank's assets and liabilities should be properly aligned in terms of maturity, currency, and interest rate.
Expand cautiously into unfamiliar activities: A bank should enter an unfamiliar territory with caution, conduct thorough research, and execute feasible projects to ensure success.
Avoid an undue concentration of loans to single activities: In order to reduce risk, a bank should not put all of its eggs in one basket. A balanced loan portfolio is required for the smooth operation of a bank.
Maintain adequate liquidity and maintain a healthy balance between on and off-balance sheet operations: A bank should be well-versed in liquidity management and should maintain a reasonable balance between on and off-balance sheet operations.
Invest in government securities and comply with banking laws and regulations: Banks must comply with regulations and invest in government securities in order to maintain a stable economy.
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For each pair of price elasticities, which elasticity (in absolute value) is larger? Why?
a. The price elasticity for carbonated soft drinks or the price elasticity for Coca-Cola.
b. The price elasticity for socks (men’s or women’s) or the price elasticity for business suits (men’s or women’s).
c. Thepriceelasticityforelectricityintheshortrunorthepriceelasticityforelectricity in the long run.
This increased flexibility and ability to make adjustments result in a larger price elasticity for electricity in the long run compared to the short run.
a. The price elasticity for carbonated soft drinks is likely to be larger than the price elasticity for Coca-Cola. This is because the price elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price.
Carbonated soft drinks encompass a broader category of beverages that includes various brands and options, while Coca-Cola refers specifically to one brand. As a result, consumers may have more substitute options within the category of carbonated soft drinks, making their demand more elastic and sensitive to changes in price compared to the demand for a specific brand like Coca-Cola.
b. The price elasticity for socks (men’s or women’s) is likely to be larger than the price elasticity for business suits (men’s or women’s). Socks are typically considered a necessity or a lower-priced item with numerous substitutes available in the market. As a result, consumers are more likely to be price-sensitive when it comes to purchasing socks, making the demand more elastic. On the other hand, business suits are relatively more expensive and may have fewer close substitutes, leading to a relatively lower price elasticity compared to socks.
c. The price elasticity for electricity in the long run is likely to be larger than the price elasticity for electricity in the short run. In the short run, consumers and businesses have limited options to adjust their electricity usage and are often more dependent on electricity for essential needs.
This makes the demand for electricity in the short run relatively inelastic, meaning that changes in price have a relatively smaller impact on quantity demanded.
However, in the long run, consumers and businesses have more flexibility to adapt their energy consumption patterns, invest in energy-efficient technologies, or explore alternative energy sources. This increased flexibility and ability to make adjustments result in a larger price elasticity for electricity in the long run compared to the short run.
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