The major disadvantage of using concentrated sulfuric acid rather than 85% phosphoric acid for the dehydration of alcohols is that concentrated sulfuric acid produces messy results.
Concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phosphoric(V) acid (H₃PO₄) are used in alcohol dehydration.
Concentrated sulfuric acid eliminates a water molecule from the organic molecule in a dehydration reaction.
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a strong acid and a strong oxidizing agent.
It oxidizes the alcohols to carbon dioxide, while it is reduced to sulfur dioxide. Reaction is very exothermic, release a lot of energy.
Sulfuric acid is strong diprotic acid. It dissociates on hydrogen cations (H⁺) and sulfate anion (SO₄²⁻).
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Give two differences between column 1 and group 1
describe how you know a chemical change has taken place
Explanation:
The five conditions of chemical change: color change, formation of a precipitate, formation of a gas, odor change, temperature change
hii please help i will give brainliest to whoever is correct :)
Answer:
Element: found on periodic table....
Polymer: multiple monomers....
Monomer: one-SINGLE...
3. What factors affect solubility?
can anyone help its due today
For mercury, the enthalpy of vaporization is 58. 51 kj/mol and the entropy of vaporization is 92. 92 j/k·mol. What is the normal boiling point of mercury?.
The normal boiling point of mercury is 629.68 K.
ΔHvap(Hg) = 58. 51 kJ/mol
ΔHvap(Hg) = 58510 J/mol; the enthalpy of vaporization of mercury
ΔSvap(Hg) = 92. 92 J/K·mol; the entropy of vaporization of mercury
Tvap(Hg) = ΔHvap(Hg) ÷ ΔSvap(Hg)
Tvap(Hg) = 58510 J/mol ÷ 92. 92 J/K·mol
Tvap(Hg) = 629.68 K; the boiling point of mercury
The enthalpy of vaporization is the amount of energy that must be added to a substance in liquid state to transform that substance into a gas.
The entropy of vaporization is proportional to the ratio of the degree of randomness in the vapor and liquid phases.
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A solution is an example of a (an): a solution is an example of a (an): _______
a. element.
b. homogeneous mixture.
c. pure substance.
d. compound.
e. heterogeneous mixture.
A solution is an example of a homogenous mixture. The correct option is b.
What is homogenous mixture?A homogeneous mixture is one in which the composition is consistent throughout. Because the dissolved salt is evenly distributed throughout the salt water sample, the salt water is homogeneous.
A heterogeneous mixture is one in which the composition varies throughout the mixture. Vegetable soup is a diverse concoction.
A solution is a uniform mixture of one or more dissolved solutes in a solvent. It should be noted that the solvent is the most abundant substance.
There are numerous solutions available. A solute, for example, can be a gas, a liquid, or a solid.
Thus, the correct option is b.
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What is the ratio of masses of hydrogen in these compounds given a fixed mass of carbon?
a. 2.00:3.00
b. 1.00:1.75
c. 1.00:1.25
d. 2.00:2.25
The ratio of the hydrogen masses in the compounds is 2: 3(Option A).
What is the law of multiple proportions?We know that compounds are composed of atoms and that compounds are formed by the combination of atoms. According to the atomic theory, the combination of the atoms with each other to form compounds occurs in a definite ratio.
From the law of multiple proportions, if two elements combine in such a way that they could lead to the formation of more than one type of compound, the combination occurs in such a way that masses of the second element that combines with first element are in simple ratios.
We can see from the statements in the complete question that the ratio of the hydrogen masses in the compounds is 2: 3(Option A).
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When two amino acid monomers are positioned so that the carboxyl group of one is adjacent to the amino group of the other, they can be joined through a reaction. True or false?.
When two amino acid monomers are positioned so that the carboxyl group of one is adjacent to the amino group of the other, they can be joined through a reaction.
It is True.
What is amino acid?
Amino acid molecules make up proteins. Proteins and amino acids are essential to life. After proteins have been digested or broken down, amino acids are still present. To maintain the body, the human body makes proteins from amino acids: Prepare food.
Taking a supplement containing essential amino acids is wonderful because you can do so anytime you choose. While some athletes prefer to take it with meals or a protein shake, others prefer to take it on an empty stomach in between meals.
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Describe how to make a sodium formate (hcoona)/formic acid (hcooh) buffer that has a ph of 4.77.
In order to prepare a formic acid buffer with a pH of 4.77, a solution with a mole fraction of 10.0 mol HCOONa to 1.0 mol HCOOH is used.
Because formic acid is a weak acid with a pH close to 4.77, try to prepare a formic acid buffer with a little bit more sodium formate than formic acid.
pKa of formic acid is -log (1.7 x 10-4) = 3.77. A formic acid buffer with the necessary pH should be created by combining 10 moles of formate anion with 1 mole of formic acid. Each of these concentrations can be used to modify buffer capacity.
pH = pKa + log [HCOOH]
4.77 = 3.77 + log [HCOOH]
1 = log [HCOOH]
HCOOH = antilog 1
HCOOH = 10
Therefore, the ratio of HCOONa to HCOOH is 10:1
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The threshold frequency for lithium is 6.00x1014 Hz. If the total energy emitted by a sample of lithium is 8.60 kJ,
a.) Calculate the number of atoms present in the sample?
b.) What is the mass of the sample in gram(s)?
The number of atoms present in the sample is 2.163 x 10²² atoms.
The mass of the sample is 0.25 g.
number of atoms present in the sampleThe number of atoms present in the sample is calculated as follows;
E = nhf
where
n is the number of atoms in the sampleh is Planck's constantf is frequency of the atomE is the total energy emittedn = E/hf
n = (8600) / (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ x 6 x 10¹⁴)
n = 2.163 x 10²² atoms
Mass of the sample6.02 x 10²³ atoms of Lithium = 6.9 g
2.163 x 10²² atoms = ?
= (2.163 x 10²² atoms x 6.9 g) /(6.02 x 10²³ atoms )
= 0.25 g.
Thus, the number of atoms present in the sample is 2.163 x 10²² atoms. The mass of the sample is 0.25 g.
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Polartiy in a sentance
A tiny permanent magnet is always susceptible to demagnetization or having the polarity of the magnet reversed by lightning.
Even a permanent magnet is sensitive to induction, which can cause its polarity to change and become stronger, weaker, or even reversed.
What is polarity so crucial to life?Not just in multicellular creatures but also in individual cells and subcellular structures, polarity enables the development of functional complexity. Polar organisation enables physical relationships between areas with various functions in a way that supports function integration across the entire organism.
The polarity of water causes hydrogen bonds to form when adjacent water molecules are drawn to one another by their opposing charges. Other polar molecules and ions, such as many biomolecules including sugars, nucleic acids, and certain amino acids, are likewise drawn to or attracted by water.
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What is the force used with a centrifuge to rapidly separate the precipitate from the liquid?.
A centrifuge operates on the sedimentation principle, which states that substances divide according to density under the effect of gravitational force (g-force).
Separation methods include density gradient, phase separation, isopycnic, ultrafiltration, and pelleting.
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures. A centrifuge is a gadget that, often powered by an electric engine, rotates an item around a given axis, such as a rotor.
Centrifugation protocols generally specify the relative centrifugal force (rcf) and the magnitude of acceleration in g multiples (g-force).
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A goldsmith melts 12.4 grams of gold to make a ring. The temperature of the gold rises from 26°C to 1064°C, and then the gold melts completely. If gold’s specific heat is 0.1291 joules/gram degree Celsius and its heat of fusion is 63.5 joules/gram, how much energy is gained by the gold?
The gold gains a total of
joules of energy.
When work is done and heat and light are produced, energy is the quantitative quality that is transferred to the body or to the physical system. Energy can be transformed in form but cannot be created or destroyed, according to the rule of conservation of energy.
How much energy is gained by the gold?
"2450 J"
Two heat flows are involved in this issue.
q = heat to melt the gold plus heat to get it to its melting point.
q = q₁ + q₂
q = mcT + mH
The gold is heated by heat (q1)
Putting the values in by using T = T f - T i.
Calculate T = 1064 - 26 and then subtract.
Values should be entered into the q1 formula at T=1038 °C.
Multiplying q1 = 12.4 0.1291 1038.
q₁ = 1662 J
Gold is melted by heat (q2)
Multiplying with q2 = 12.4 63.5.
q₂ = 787.4 J
requisite heat output (q)
Computing q = 1662 + 787.4 and make the addition.
q = 2450 J (to three significant digits)
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What is the charge of an atom with and equal number of protons and electrons
(b) Predict the chemical changes that take place, if any, when (1) chlorine is bubbled into an aqueous solution of sodium astatide; (ii) astatine is added to an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
(1) If chlorine gas is bubbled through an aqueous solution of sodium astatide, the result is elemental iodine and aqueous sodium chloride solution.
(2) No chemical change is observed when astatine is added to an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
(1) Aqueous sodium chloride salt is created when chlorine gas and sodium astatide combine in the proper circumstances. An electron is taken from the sodium and given to the chlorine. The electrostatic interaction between the particles makes this reaction more favorable. Large amounts of heat and light are emitted during the process.
So, the result is elemental iodine and aqueous sodium chloride solution.
(2) Astatine is present below iodine in the periodic table in group 7 and it is less reactive than iodine, so no chemical change is observed when astatine is added to an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
Hence, no displacement by astatine takes place.
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What could happen if a person conducts an investigation but doesn't follow the steps of
the scientific method?
The action of investigating something or someone; formal or systematic examination or research.
There are five main steps involved in the scientific method: stating the problem, forming the hypothesis, collecting the data by observing and experimenting, interpreting these data, and drawing conclusions.Define a Question to Investigate. As scientists conduct their research, they make observations and collect data. ...Make Predictions. Based on their research and observations, scientists will often come up with a hypothesis. ...Gather Data. ...Analyze the Data. ...Draw Conclusions.Scientific investigation is a quest to find the answer to a question using the scientific method. In turn, the scientific method is a systematic process that involves using measurable observations to formulate, test or modify a hypothesis. Finally, a hypothesis is a proposed explanation for some observed phenomenon, based on experience or research.Scientific investigation is what people like you and me use to develop better models and explanations for the world around them.
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Which of (a)-(d) is the correct iupac name of the following compound?
a) 2-hydroxybutanoic acid
b) 3-hydroxybutanoic acid
c) 2-hydroxypropanoic acid
d) 1-carboxypropan-2-ol
c) 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is the correct Iupac name compound.
What is an example of an IUPAC name?As a result, the IUPAC name is 2,5,5-trimethyl-2-hexene. In Example (2), the longest chain containing both carbon atoms of the double bond is five. There is a seven-carbon chain, but only one of the double bond carbon atoms is present. As a result, the compound's root name will be pentene. The common name is simply the name we use in everyday life, whereas the IUPAC name is the name that follows the chemistry rules for naming a compound.Typically, a molecular compound is made up of two or more nonmetal elements. By using the stem of the element name plus the suffix -ide, molecular compounds are named with the first element first and then the second element. The number of atoms in a molecule is specified using numerical prefixes.To learn more about IUPAC name refer to
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What do we call the one variable that we change in an experiment?
The independent variable that we change in an experiment.
The correct option C.
What is an independent variable?A variable that is independent is precisely what it seems like. It is an independent variable that has no bearing on the other factors you are trying to evaluate. For example, age may be an independent variable. Time is a popular independent variable since it is undisturbed by any dependant environmental influences.
Why is an independent variable important?You can have independent or dependent variables. Other variables have an impact on the value of independent variables, while dependent variables have an impact on the value of independent variables. A hypothesis identifies an anticipated connection between two variables.
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The complete question is -
What do you call the one variable that is changed in an experiment?
A. experimental variable
B. controlled variable
C. independent variable
D. dependent variable
2. Question I don’t understand on this one buttt
Answer:
1st question is B
Explanation:
metal is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Consider the process of diluting 1.6 m sulfuric acid (h2so4) solution to prepare 1.5 l of a 0.10 m h2so4 solution.
93 ml of sulphuric acid is to be added to prepare a 1.5 L solution of sulphuric acid.
The concentration of sulfuric acid is C1.
[tex]C_{1} = 1.6 \: mol/g[/tex]
The volume of the solution after dilution is V2.
[tex]V _{2} = 1.5 \: litres[/tex]
The concentration of solution after dilutions is C2.
[tex]C_{2} = 0.10 \: mol/ \: l[/tex]
Let the volume of sulfuric acid be V1.
The volume of the sulphuric acid is,
[tex]V _{1}C_{1} = C_{2}V _{2}[/tex]
[tex]V _{1} = \frac{C_{2} \times V _{2}}{C_{1} }[/tex]
[tex] = \frac{1.5 \times 0.10}{1.6} [/tex]
= 0.093 litres
The volume of the sulphuric acid is 0.093 litres.
The volume of the sulphuric acid in millilitres is,
1 L = 1000 ml
[tex]0.093 \: l = 0.093 \times 1000[/tex]
= 93 ml
The volume of sulphuric acid is 93 ml.
Therefore, for preparing a 1.5-litre solution of sulphuric acid, 93 ml of sulphuric acid is to be added.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP ILL RATE U 5 STARS
According to the given statement the WHMIS symbols and safety and precautions when handling compressed gas:
Compressed gas symbols would be visible on the gas container.Make sure the storage temperature does not go above 52°C (125°F).Move cylinders using handcarts or other cylinder-moving machines.What exactly are WHMIS symbols?Consumer Goods. The Workplace Hazardous Materials Management System (WHMIS) assists in identifying the dangers of items such as chemicals and infectious agents.
Why do we use WHMIS symbols?WHMIS labels are crucial because workplaces require a defined means of identifying hazardous products. The WHMIS system allocates responsibility for classifying any potential hazards to both suppliers and employers.
Safety and precautions when handling compressed gas?Make sure the storage temperature doesn't really exceed 52°C (125°F). Compressed gas cylinders should be stored, handled, and used upright. Never roll, drag, or drop cylinders or allow them to collide. Handcarts or other cylinder-moving equipment should be used.
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How much mno2 should be added to excess hcl to obtain 275 ml of chlorine gas at 5.0c and 650 mmhg?
The amount of manganese oxide that should be added is 0.869 moles.
The balanced equation of the reaction is,
[tex]MnO _{2} (s) + 4HCl → MnCl _{2}(aq) + 2 H _{2} O + Cl _{2}(g)[/tex]
The volume of hydrochloric acid that has to be obtained is V.
V = 275 ml
The temperature is T.
T = 5° C = (273+ 5) K = 278 K
The pressure is P.
P = 650 mm of Hg = 0.85 atm
The gas constant is R.
R = 0.0821 L atm/ K mol
The number of moles of chlorine gas that will be produced is,
PV = nRT
[tex] n = \frac{ PV}{ RT }[/tex]
[tex] n = \frac{0.85 \times 0.275}{0.0821 \times 278} [/tex]
n = 0.01 moles
The 0.01 moles of chlorine gas will be produced.
The amount of manganese oxide that should be added to hydrochloric acid to produce 275 ml of fluorine gas is,
[tex]0.01 \: mol \: of \: Cl× \frac{ 1 mmol \: of \: MnO }{mol \: of \: Cl } = 0.01 \: moles \: of \: MnO _{2} \: needed.
[/tex]
[tex]0.01 \: mol \: of \: MnO _{2} = \frac{86.9}{ mol \: of \: MnO _{ 2}}=0.869 \: moles
[/tex]
Therefore, the amount of manganese oxide that should be added to hydrochloric acid to produce 275 ml of fluorine gas is 0.869 moles.
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Something done to test a hypothesis that produces new observations is called a(n)?observation measurement theory natural law experiment
Something done to test a hypothesis that produces new observations is called an experiment.
If you want to test a hypothesis, you need to do an experiment. This is where you take your idea and test it out in the real world. By doing this, you can see what happens and gather new observations.
Experiments are a key part of the scientific process. They help us to understand how the world works and can prove or disprove hypotheses. Without experiments, we would be stuck in our own heads, never knowing for sure if our ideas were correct.
So, if you have a hypothesis that you want to test, get out there and do an experiment! See what happens and learn something new.
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How does brown bear interact with geosphere
Answer: The brown bear spreads berry and plant seeds in its scat.
Explanation:
What is the main limitation of flame tests
Answer:Flame tests are used to help identify substances used in murders
Explanation:
How many constitutional isomers are possible if propane is dichlorinated?
1 2 3 4 5
The correct answer of this question is 4.
If propane is dichlorinated, the resulting structural/constitutional isomers are the positional ismoers having different IUPAC names.
The resulting possible isomers are:-
1-1, dichloro propane
1-2, dichloro propane
2-2, dichloro propane
1-3, dichloro propane
Thus, we have 4possible constitutional isomers of dichlorinated propane.
Structural isomers or constitutional isomers are also known as constitutional isomers as they have same molecular formula but different in their structure or have different structural formula.
Structural isomers are further divided into five types:-
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Which metric unit of length or distance is most comparable in scale to each of the following english system units for making measurements?
a. an inch
b. a yard
c. a mile
The metric unit of length or distance is most comparable in scale to each of the following English system units for making measurements of a yard.
What metric measurements of length or distance are used?The most widely used units of distance in the metric measurement system are millimeters, centimeters, meters, and kilometers.
The metric system is a way to measure things.
It is employed in calculations and research all around the world. Here are some instances of measurements made with the metric system;
The unit used to measure lengths and distances is the meter.
In daily life, we use this unit to measure things like the length of a piece of clothing, the distance from school to home, the weight of chocolates, etc.
Eg: 250 grams of potato chips, as an illustration. The unit of weight used here is the gram.
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Ceramics materials such as Al2O3 typically contain anions and cations positioned to optimize electrostatic attraction and minimize repulsion. We generally expect that?
Ionic bonding is found in many ceramic structures such as NaCl, MgO, and Al2O3. Atoms have, unlike electrical charges, making them ions, which create an electrostatic attraction between atoms. This causes bonding between atoms.
The ions pack into a regular arrangement. The nature of the ceramic depends on the size of the ion charges and the size of the ions.
For example, the structure shown left is the rock salt structure, such as that for NaCl.
Covalent bonding is found in many ceramic structures such as SiC, BN, and diamond. The atoms in these ceramics are arranged so that each pair of nearest neighbor atoms forms a chemical bond by sharing a pair of electrons.
The high energy of covalent bonds makes these ceramics very stable with regard to chemical and thermal changes.
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Which factor(s) will affect the rate of diffusion of a gas? (select all that apply)
The factors that will affect the rate of diffusion of gas are as follows:
The membrane's thicknessThe membrane's surface areaThe diffusion coefficient of the gas in the substance of the membraneThe difference in the gas's partial pressure between the membrane's two sides.The density of the gas.What is the Rate of Diffusion?The random movement of particles during the net migration of material from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is known as diffusion in a gas. Every particle in a particular gas keeps striking other particles. The particles bounce off the edge of their container and each other more frequently in areas of the gas with higher particle densities than they do in areas with lower densities. The speed at which these process proceeds is referred to as the rate of diffusion. The rate of diffusion for a gas is inversely related to the square root of the gas density.To learn more about the Rate of Diffusion, refer to:
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A 15.33 gram sample of copper is heated in the presence of excess oxygen. a metal oxide is formed with a mass of 19.20 g. determine the empirical formula of the metal oxide.
The empirical formula will become CuO.
The formula of a specific chemical compound in its most basic form is known as an empirical formula. It's a condensed whole number ratio of the atoms in a formula.
Mass of copper = 15.33g
Mass of oxygen= 19.20g-15.33g = 3.87g
Calculations:
Moles of copper= 15.33 /63.54
Moles of copper =0.24
Moles of oxygen= 3.87 / 16
Moles of oxygen = 0.24
The number of moles of copper and oxygen are same. Hence, the empirical formula will become CuO.
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