Engineering College

when a table is in _____, all non-key columns depend on the _____ and no other columns.

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Answer 1

When a table is in the first normal form, all non-key columns depend on the primary key and no other columns. First normal form (1NF) is a property of a relation in a relational database.

A relation is in the first normal form when it contains no repeating groups of data, and each column stores only atomic values (i.e., indivisible).For a table to be in 1NF, the following conditions must be satisfied:

Each row of data should be unique:

No duplicate rows should exist in the table.No repeating groups:

Each column should have atomic values. A column must not contain multivalued attributes (repeating groups of data).Each column should have a unique name:

Each column in the table must have a unique name. Each column must be identified by a unique name, and every row in the table must have a value for each column.A unique identifier:

Every table in a relational database must have a primary key, which uniquely identifies each row. A primary key must be unique and not null (empty).A relation is said to be in the first normal form when all of its attributes are atomic or indivisible and it does not contain any repeating groups of data. Additionally, a relation in first normal form should have a unique identifier, known as a primary key.

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Related Questions

The opcode of MOV AX, BX is AX or BX. Select one: True False

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The opcode of the instruction MOV AX, BX is neither AX nor BX, but rather the binary code 10001011. This instruction moves the contents of register BX into register AX in the x86 assembly language.

This can be explained as follows:Opcode is the hexadecimal value of the operation code (op code) used to specify the instruction to be executed in a computer's central processing unit (CPU).It tells the processor what to do with the operands of the instruction (such as AX, BX in this case). The opcode is used to assemble machine code, which the CPU can then execute. In general, opcodes are used to specify operations that can be performed by a processor, such as moving data between registers (MOV), adding numbers (ADD), and comparing data (CMP).The opcode of MOV AX, BX is a two-byte instruction in which the first byte specifies the opcode (8B in hexadecimal) and the second byte specifies the registers involved in the instruction (C3 in hexadecimal). The instruction is encoded as follows: 8B C3. Hence, we can say that the answer is false.

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Suppose you are given a set of jobs J1, ..., Jm to perform. Each job Ji will pay you some amount of money Pi (not all jobs give the same payment). Each job J; additionally has a deadline di, and if the job is not complete before its deadline, you will not receive any of the payment for that particular job. Assume that the timeline starts at time 0. Each job takes one unit of time to perform.

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To maximize earnings, prioritize jobs based on their payment and deadline.

When given a set of jobs with different payments and deadlines, it is crucial to prioritize effectively in order to maximize earnings. The main objective is to complete as many jobs as possible before their respective deadlines to receive payment. To achieve this, a two-step approach can be followed.

First, sort the jobs based on their payment amount in descending order. This ensures that higher-paying jobs are given priority. By focusing on higher-paying jobs, the potential for greater earnings is maximized.

Second, within the set of jobs with the same payment, sort them based on their deadline in ascending order. This means that jobs with earlier deadlines will be prioritized over those with later deadlines. By completing jobs before their deadlines, the risk of losing payment for any particular job is minimized.

Following these two steps allows for a systematic approach to prioritize and complete the given jobs in a manner that optimizes earnings. By focusing on high-paying jobs and ensuring timely completion, one can increase the overall payout and minimize potential losses.

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Discuss about linear-phase response and nonlinear-phase response.

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A non-linear phase filter produces distortion in the signal because it has a non-linear frequency response. To maintain signal fidelity, non-linear phase filters are not ideal.

A linear-phase filter is a filter whose impulse response has the same symmetry about its midpoint as a sinc function. Linear-phase filters' characteristic feature is that they possess the same delay for all frequencies.

In the time domain, the filter's impulse response can be symmetrical or anti-symmetrical around its midpoint. A linear-phase filter, on the other hand, has a linear relationship between phase shift and frequency and no ripple. This implies that the signal's amplitude remains the same.

Linear phase filters can be useful in signal processing, particularly in digital signal processing applications.Non-linear phase responseIn DSP, a non-linear phase response is the opposite of a linear phase response.

As the frequency changes, it causes a constant delay across the input signal. These types of filters are used when phase distortions are required or for creating effects such as phasing, flanging, and chorus. Non-linear phase responses can produce more pleasing effects, but they cannot be used when the signal needs to be accurately preserved.

The group delay and phase delay in non-linear phase filters are frequency-dependent. The phase response of a non-linear phase filter can be minimum-phase or maximum-phase.

A non-linear phase filter produces distortion in the signal because it has a non-linear frequency response. When the phase of a signal changes due to frequency changes, distortion occurs in the signal. For instance, in audio systems, non-linear phase filters might produce unwanted echoes, uneven stereo sound, or phase cancellation.

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a diesel engine has a state before compression of100 kpa, 280 k, and a peak pressure of 5000 kpa, a maximum temperature of 2200 k. find the volumetric compression ratio and the t

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The volumetric compression ratio of the diesel engine is 20:1.

What is the volumetric compression ratio of a diesel engine with an initial pressure of 100 kPa and a peak pressure of 5000 kPa?

To calculate the volumetric compression ratio, we need to compare the initial and final volumes of the engine's cylinder. The volumetric compression ratio (r) is given by:

r = (V₁ / V₂)

where V₁ is the initial volume (before compression) and V₂ is the final volume (at peak pressure).

Given that the initial pressure (P₁) is 100 kPa and the peak pressure (P₂) is 5000 kPa, we can use the ideal gas law to relate the pressures and volumes:

(P₁ * V₁) / T₁ = (P₂ * V₂) / T₂

where T₁ and T₂ are the initial and final temperatures respectively. Since we are not given the initial and final volumes, we cannot solve for the exact compression ratio. However, we are given the peak pressure (P₂) and the maximum temperature (T₂). We can assume that the initial temperature (T₁) is constant, and given the pressure and temperature values, we can calculate the volumetric compression ratio as:

r = (P₂ * V₂) / (P₁ * V₁) = (5000 kPa * V₂) / (100 kPa * V₁) = 20:1

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Software engineering aims to improve software productivity (P) and quality (Q) while reducing software costs (C) and time to market (T). What are the THREE tracks of software life-cycle activities and how the activities improve software PQCT?

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The three tracks differ in terms of their purposes, activities, stakeholders, and output. Software engineering aims to improve software productivity (P) and quality (Q) while reducing software costs (C) and time to market (T).

The software life-cycle is the sequence of activities and phases that a software product goes through from inception to retirement. It contains three tracks, including development, maintenance, and support.

The three tracks differ in terms of their purposes, activities, stakeholders, and output. The development track includes activities that are concerned with creating new software, starting from the conception of an idea through to the release of the software.

The maintenance track includes activities that are focused on enhancing the software's features and correcting defects or bugs that appear in the software during its operational period. The support track is concerned with activities that ensure the software's availability and performance during its operational life cycle.

These activities help to improve software productivity, quality, and costs in several ways. Firstly, they help to identify software requirements more precisely, thus reducing the likelihood of delivering software that does not meet the users' needs.Secondly, the activities help to improve software quality by identifying and correcting errors and defects more quickly and efficiently.

This, in turn, reduces the costs of correcting defects and enhances the software's reliability and maintainability.Thirdly, software life-cycle activities help to reduce the time to market by enabling software developers to produce software products more quickly and efficiently. They achieve this by reducing the time and effort required to complete each phase of the software development process, thus improving software productivity and efficiency.

Software engineering aims to improve software productivity (P) and quality (Q) while reducing software costs (C) and time to market (T). The three tracks of software life-cycle activities are:Development: It includes activities that are concerned with creating new software, starting from the conception of an idea through to the release of the software.

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