When an industry is a natural monopoly, a. it is characterized by constant returns to scale. b. it is characterized by diseconomies of scale. c. a larger number of firms may lead to a lower average cost.

Answers

Answer 1

When an industry is a natural monopoly, A. it is characterized by constant returns to scale.


What is a natural monopoly?

A natural monopoly arises from high start-up costs or long economies of scale, and barriers to entry.

A natural monopoly is known for these characteristics:

It is naturally occurring.It has extraordinarily large fixed costs.The marginal costs are low.It has powerful economies of scale.Competition is Undesirable.

Thus, when an industry is a natural monopoly, A. it is characterized by constant returns to scale.

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Related Questions

The financial statements of the darlington company report net sales of $500,000 and accounts receivable of $40,000 and $20,000 at the beginning of the year and end of year, respectively. What is the accounts receivable turnover for darlington?.

Answers

The accounts receivable turnover, based on the financial statements for Darlington Company is 16.7x.

What is accounts receivable turnover?

The accounts receivable turnover is the ratio of average accounts receivable for a period and the net credit sales.

The ratio shows the efficiency of collecting cash from credit customers.

Data and Calculations:

Net sales = $500,000

Accounts receivable:

Ending balance = $40,000

Beginning balance = $20,000

Average Accounts Receivable = $30,000 ($40,000 + $20,000)/2

Accounts receivable turnover = Net Sales/Average Accounts Receivable

= 16.7 ($500,000/$30,000)

Thus, the accounts receivable turnover for Darlington Company is 16.7x.

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If an employer in a state with elective workers compensation laws chooses not to be subject to those laws, what does the employer lose?

Answers

Answer:it’s common law defenses against liability suits

Explanation:

Which type of cooperative organization would attract people who needed help preparing their income tax returns?.

Answers

The service cooperative is the  type of cooperative organization would attract people who needed help preparing their income tax returns.

What is a service cooporative?

This is a coorperative or a consumer organization that are engaged in the fulfilling of needs that exists in a society.

Finance , utility and housing coorperaives are examples of this type of cooperative.

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How many 90-day Eurodollar futures contracts should a bank purchase to hedge the roll-over of year, $5 million loan if loan rates and Eurodollar rates have the same volatility

Answers

The number of 90-day Eurodollar Futures Contracts that the bank should purchase to roll-over if the rates have the same volatility is 20 contracts.

How many Eurodollar futures contracts should the bank purchase?

This can be found by the formula:

= (Loan amount x Period per year of loan ) / (Face value of futures contract x Period per year of futures contracts) x 1 because volatility is same

Solving gives:

= (5 million x 1) / (1 million x 3 / 12 months) x 1

= 5 million / 250,000 x 1

= 20 contracts

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Wyalusing Industries has manufactured prefabricated houses for over 20 years. The houses are constructed in sections to be assembled on customers’ lots. Wyalusing expanded into the precut housing market when it acquired Fairmont Company, one of its suppliers. In this market, various types of lumber are precut into the appropriate lengths, banded into packages, and shipped to customers’ lots for assembly. Wyalusing designated the Fairmont Division as an investment center. Wyalusing uses return on investment (ROI) as a performance measure with investment defined as average productive assets. Management bonuses are based in part on ROI. All investments are expected to earn a minimum return of 16 percent before income taxes. Fairmont’s ROI has ranged from 29. 2 to 32. 4 percent since it was acquired. Fairmont had an investment opportunity in 20x1 that had an estimated ROI of 28 percent. Fairmont’s management decided against the investment because it believed the investment would decrease the division’s overall ROI. The 20x1 income statement for Fairmont Division follows. The division’s productive assets were $23,100,000 at the end of 20x1, a 5 percent increase over the balance at the beginning of the year.


Fairmont Division Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 20x1 (in thousands) Sales revenue 22,500 Cost of goods sold 13,900 Gross margin 8,600 Operating Expenses: Administrative 1,800 Selling 4,300 6,100 Income from operations before income taxes 2,500.


Required:

1. Calculate the following perofrmance measures for 20x1 for the Fairmont Division.


a. Return on Investment (ROI)

b. Residual Income


2. Would the management of Fairmont Division have been more likely to accept the investment opportunity it had in 20X1 if residual income were used as a performance measure instead of ROI? Explain your answer

Answers

1. The performance measures for 20x1 for the Fairmont Division are as follows:

a. Return on Investent (ROI) is 11.09%.

b. Residual Income is ($1,108,000).

What is a performance measure?

A performance measure is a technique that measures outcomes or results, enabling management, lenders, and investors to gauge the effectiveness and efficiency of their investments.

A performance measure may be applied to the following resources:

Human resourcesEmployee timeFundingInvestments.

Data and Calculations:

Required minimum return = 16% before taxes

Ending productive assets = $23,100,000

Beginning productive assets = $22,000,000 ($23,100,000/1.05)

Average productive assets = $22,550,000 ($23,100,000 + $22,000,000)/2

Return on Investment = Income from operations before income taxes/Average productive assets x 100

= $2,500/$22,550 x 100

= 11.09%

Residual Income = Income before taxes - Cost of Capital or (Average productive assets x Minimum Required Returns)

= $2,500,000- ($22,550,000 x 16%)

= $2,500,000 - $3,608,000

= ($1,108,000)

Thus, while the Return on Investment (ROI) is 11.09%, the Residual Income is ($1,108,000).

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The type of software that has qualities of both hardware and software is.

Answers

Answer:

Firmware shares qualities of both hardware and software in that it is software that hasbeen permanently embedded in hardware and typically cannot be copied or changed or evenreplaced.

Explain one reason why gentrification occurs in the united states and canada.

Answers

The main reason why gentrification occurs in the USA is because of the wealth gap between the poor and the rich.

What is Gentrification?

This refers to the process where a particular neighborhood is changed through the sudden influx of more wealthy residents..

Hence, it can be inferred that gentrification is popular in the United States of America based on the fact that the main reason why gentrification occurs in the USA is because of the wealth gap between the poor and the rich.

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When comparing the direct write-off method and the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts, the entry to reinstate a previously written off accounts under the allowance method would include:

Answers

The entry to reinstate a previously written off accounts would include: debiting accounts receivable; crediting to Bad Debt Expense .

What is account receivable?

Account receivable can be defined as the money a company is expected to receive from their client for the service they rendered to the client .

The appropriate  journal entry to reinstate a previously written off accounts is

Debit Accounts receivable

Credit Bad Debt Expense

Therefore the entry to reinstate a previously written off accounts would include: debiting accounts receivable; crediting to Bad Debt Expense.

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A market that has no barriers to entry and many small firms selling products that are slightly different from one another is best described as:

Answers

If the market has small firms selling products that are slightly different from one another this is called: monopolistic competition.

What is monopolistic competition?

Monopolistic competition can be defined as a form of competitive market which has different manufacturers selling products or goods and service that are not similar or that are a little bit different from each other.

In this type of market many producers can sell their products reason being that their is no any form of limitation or barriers to entry the market.

Inconclusion if the market that has no barriers to entry and many small firms selling products this is called:monopolistic competition.

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Socket Electronics creates a new, high-end laptop. It researches the highest possible price consumers would be willing to pay for the computer due to its premium graphics and top-of-the-line performance. The company decides to list it at $4,000. The pricing strategy Socket Electronics is using is

Answers

The pricing strategy Socket Electronics is using is premium pricing.

What is a pricing strategy?

A pricing strategy is a model of establishing the best price for a product or service so that the company can:

Maximize profits and shareholder valueSatisfy consumer and market demand.

Premium pricing is one of the pricing strategies that a company can adopt, including

Price skimmingDynamic pricingEconomy pricingBundle pricingValue-based pricingMarket penetration pricing.

Thus, the pricing strategy Socket Electronics is using is premium pricing.

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Carrie made an initial investment of $50,000.the final value of her investment was $55,500.what was the roi?

Answers

Answer:

sorry i am not good with this subject i want to help but i cant sorry

Explanation:

Which three sources supply the majority of commercial energy in the world today?.

Answers

Answer:

Coal, oil, and natural gas

Explanation:

Trends among category killers such as Staples for office supplies and Best Buy for electronics include price matching and ________ to compete with online retailers.

Answers

Price matching and Shipping directly are trends office supplies and Best Buy offers, which can compete with ratailers online who sells similar products.

What is marketing?

Marketing refers to the process of getting people interested in a company's product or service. It is a process a company undertakes to promote the buying or selling of a product or service.

The essence is to create awareness of the product to potential buyers so that they can purchase the products.

Hence, trends among category killers such as Staples for office supplies and Best Buy for electronics include price matching and Shipping directly from any store rather than just warehouses

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what's the date today???​

Answers

Answer:

April 18th, 2022? (Is that what you mean???)

Explanation:

I hope this helps! :)

april 18th 2022 ( i have no idea if thats what you meant?)

In a marketing communications mix, ________ refers to any short-term incentive that encourages the purchase or sale of a product or service.

Answers

Answer:

Sales Promotion

Explanation:

Source: Trust me bro

You borrow money on a self liquidating installment loan (equal payments at the end of each year, each payment is part principal part interest)
Loan amount $989,000
Interest Rate 11. 7%
Life 48 years
Date of Loan January 1, 2021
1. What is the annual payment (round to the nearest $)?
2. What are the total interest payments (round to the nearest $)?
3. After 28 payments have been made, what percentage of the total interest has been paid (round to the nearest percentage point)?
4. After 28 payments have been made, what percentage of the total principal has been paid (round to the nearest percentage point)
5. What is the annual payment (round to the nearest $)?
6. What are the total interest payments (round to the nearest $)?
After 28 payments have been made, what percentage of the total interest has been paid (round to the nearest percentage point)?
8. After 28 payments have been made, what percentage of the total principal has been paid (round to the nearest percentage point)?

Answers

The percentage of total interest paid after 28 payments is 69%, and the percentage of total principal paid after 28 payments is 10%.

Calculations of a Loan Annual Payment and Total Interest Payments

Note: Only questions 1 to 4 are relevant as questions 6 to8 are just repetitions of questions 1 to 4 respectively.

Also Note: See the attached photo for the loan amortization schedule for the self-liquidating installment loan.

From the attached photo, we can answer the questions as follows:

1. Annual payment = $116,287

2. Total interest payments = Total of interest = $4,592,780

3. Percentage of total interest paid after 28 payments = Cumulative interest payment at Year 28 /  Total interest payments = $3,152,232 / $4,592,780 = 0.69, or 69%

4. Percentage of total principal paid after 28 payments = Cumulative annual principal at Year 28 / Total principal payments = $103,806 / $989,000 = 0.10, or 10%

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A sound accounting framework allows for all of the following benefits except: Review Later Identical items being reported on the financial statements of different companies Increased reliability and relevance of financial statements Uniform comparisons between companies Consistency in financial reporting across industries

Answers

A sound accounting framework doesn't allows Identical items to be reported on the financial statements of different companies.

What is accounting framework?

An accounting framework serves as a published set of criteria that help in measuring , recognizing the information appearing in an entity's financial statements.

Conclusively, accounting framework doesn't support Identical items to be reported on financial statements of different companies.

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How does your new budget help you to meet your long-term goal of saving for college?

Answers

Answer:

You may reach your long-term goals quicker by putting your cash into a savings account or certificate of deposit with a high interest rate, or by investing, especially if you don’t plan to use this money for at least five years — say you’re starting a college fund for your newborn. That way you’ll allow time to build up a positive return.

Explanation:

What year does apple aim to achieve net zero carbon impact?.

Answers

Answer:

Apple aims to achieve a zero-carbon footprint by 2030

Explanation:

Standards that represent levels of operation that can be attained with reasonable effort are called.

Answers

Answer:

normal standards

Standards that represent levels of operation that can be attained with reasonable effort; sometimes called normal standards.

resources are what in quantity​

Answers

resource may be defined as base quantity .

Harassment is to torment or bother continually?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is True

Explanation:

Harrasment is when you bother someone nonstop on something they dont like or something mean.

-Justin

what are the branches of business studies​

Answers

Answer:

Essential branches of business are : Accounting. Finance. Business Administration and Management. Marketing. International Business. Business Communications. Real Estate. Human Resources Management.

Explanation:

Business Studies is a vast field comprising over two dozen branches. Business studies may be considered a single branch, but it comprises many aspects.

Business studies has its roots spread over business, management, and economics. Various branches like accountancy, finance, marketing, organizational studies, human resource management, and operations are the pillars of business studies. The academic perception of business studies is business teaching. It is prevalent in countries like South Korea, Canada, Hong Kong, etc.

Majors are available in many subjects. Under the wide spectrum of business studies, majors are common in human resources, economics, finance, etc.

#SPJ6

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Marketing is the activities, sets of institutions, and processes that add blank______ for customers.

Answers

Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers.

What is marketing?

Marketing can be defined as the process of creating product awareness about a product so as to attract potentials customers.

Marketing is important as it help to increase sales which is why most companies tend to often employee a marketing manager that will help in markerting the company products.

Inconclusion Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings.

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Use the calculator to complete the following
conjectures about determinants
Matrix Calculator
Change A
Change
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If any row of a matrix contains all zeroes the
determinant is equal to
DONE
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Operation
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Result
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Intro

Answers

Answer:

0

0

0

1

Explanation: ur welcome

the first person that answers ill give u 50 brainlist points, brainlist to, stars, and a heart

Answers

Hi and I am cool
And thx

When the government runs a budget deficit, we would expect to see that:.

Answers

Answer:

We will expect to see the government spending more of the money than it is bring to the table/bringing in the money, and in this situation the national savings will be decreasing, and when they do lower, the investments/primary stores will also be decreasing. And if this happen the lowering investments leads to lower long-term economic growth.

Explanation

The _____ environment includes the people and groups with whom an organization interacts.

Answers

The answer to your question is “specific” have a great day.

The general environment includes the people and groups with whom an organization.

What do you understand about the environment?

The environment can be defined as a total of all the living and non-living elements and their effects that influence human life. While all living or biotic elements are animals, plants, forests, fisheries, and birds, non-living or abiotic elements include water, land, sunlight, rocks, and air.

The functions of an Environment are: (1) Supplies resources: The environment offers resources for production, It includes both renewable and non-renewable resources. Examples: Wood for furniture, soil, land, etc. (2) Sustains life: The environment includes the sun, soil, water, and air, which are essential for human life, It sustains life by providing genetics and biodiversity. (3) Assimilates waste: Production and consumption activities generate waste, This occurs mostly in the form of garbage. The environment helps in getting rid of garbage.

(4) Enhances the quality of life: The environment enhances the quality of life,  Human beings enjoy the beauty of nature which includes rivers, mountains, deserts, etc. These add to the quality of life.

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#SPJ7

What is the missing amount in this physical flow of units? Work in process, August 1 9,000 tons Units started in August ? Units completed during August 19,000 Work in process, August 31 2,000 tons Group of answer choices 12,000 tons 10,000 tons 30,000 tons 8,000 tons None of these answers is correct.

Answers

Based on the beginning and ending Work in Process and the units completed, the Units started in August must be 12,000 tons.

What amount of units were started in August?

This can be found by the formula:

= Units completed during August + Work in process Agust 31 - Work in process August 1

Solving gives:

= 19,000 + 2,000 - 9,000

= 21,000 - 9,000

= 12,000 tons

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Which scenario is not a violation of your rights as a debtor?
A. A debt collector calls you every hour between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m.
B. A debt collector contacts you at work at 3 p.m.
O C. A debt collector calls you at home at 10 p.m.
D. A debt collector calls you at home at 5:30 a.m.

Answers

A scenario that does not describe your rights being violated as a debtor is A. A debt collector calls you every hour between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m.

What are debt collectors allowed to do?

Debt collectors are allowed to call you during the daytime from 8 am to 3 pm.

They cannot however call you before 8 am or after 9 pm without your consent as these would be very inconvienient hours. Also, they can't call you at work.

In conclusion, option A is correct.

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