The electrical change of oxygen ion is -2
An ion is an atom or molecule that has an unequal number of protons and electrons, which results in a net electrical charge. When an oxygen atom gains two electrons, it becomes negatively charged because electrons have a negative charge. This is because the number of negatively charged electrons now exceeds the number of positively charged protons in the nucleus of the atom. Therefore, the electrical charge of the oxygen ion is -2.
The electrical charge of an ion is represented by the symbol "n", which stands for the number of electrons gained or lost by the atom. In this case, the oxygen atom has gained two electrons, so n = -2. This is represented by the formula: O^2-.
In summary, when an oxygen atom gains two electrons, it becomes negatively charged and forms an oxygen ion. The electrical charge of the oxygen ion is represented by the symbol "n" and is equal to -2, which is reflected in the formula O^2-. This means that the oxygen ion has a net charge of -2, which reflects the excess of negatively charged electrons in the ion.
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Why is a scientific theory the most powerful explanation scientists have to offer?
O Many different scientists have added data from their own experiments to build the theory.
OA theory is the same things as a hypothesis.
O Scientific theories are usually the work of a single scientist.
O Technology is used to provide the experimental data for a scientific theory.
The statement "Many different scientists have added data from their own experiments to build the theory" is correct of the question.
What is scientific theory?Scientific theory involves thoroughly examining a specific event or collection of events and developing an intricately detailed conclusion backed up by significant data.
As such, this ultimate level represents our unsurpassed comprehension concerning how nature operates - offering us unparalleled clarity that exceeds any other form of understanding.
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*3.3B The potential at points in a plane is given by V = ax /(x² + y²) ³/² + b/(x²+y²)½ where x and y are the rectangular coordinates of a point, and a and b are constants. Find the components Ex, and Ey, of the electric intensity at any point.
To find the electric field components E(x) and E(y) at any point, we need to take the negative gradient of the potential function V.
Let's first find the partial derivative of potential function V with respect to x:
∂V/∂x = a(3x² - y²)/(x² + y²)^(5/2) - b x/(x² + y²)^(3/2)
Similarly, the partial derivative of V with respect to y is:
∂V/∂y = -2a xy/(x² + y²)^(5/2) - b y/(x² + y²)^(3/2)
Now, we can find the components of the electric field:
Ex = -∂V/∂x = -a(3x² - y²)/(x² + y²)^(5/2) + b x/(x² + y²)^(3/2)
Ey = -∂V/∂y = 2a xy/(x² + y²)^(5/2) + b y/(x² + y²)^(3/2)
Therefore, the components of the electric field at any point (x,y) are:
Ex = -a(3x² - y²)/(x² + y²)^(5/2) + b x/(x² + y²)^(3/2)
Ey = 2a xy/(x² + y²)^(5/2) + b y/(x² + y²)^(3/2)
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1- In the following wave function
=e-5x+iwt
a- Show that if the wave function normalized or not?
b- Find the normalization constant?
(a)Since the integral does not converge to 1, we can conclude that the wave function is not normalized, (b) The normalization constant for the given wave function is A = √10.
In quantum mechanics, the wave function is a mathematical description of the state of a quantum system. It encodes the probability amplitude for a particle or collection of particles to have certain properties, such as position or momentum.
a- To check if the wave function is normalized, we need to calculate the integral of the absolute value squared of the wave function over all space and check if it equals 1. Mathematically, this can be written as:
∫|Ψ(x,t)|^2dx = ∫Ψ*(x,t)Ψ(x,t)dx
where Ψ*(x,t) is the complex conjugate of the wave function.
Substituting the given wave function, we get:
∫|Ψ(x,t)|^2dx = ∫e^(−5x) e^(iwt) e^(5x) e^(−iwt) dx
= ∫1dx
= x
Since the integral does not converge to 1, we can conclude that the wave function is not normalized.
b- To normalize the wave function, we need to find the normalization constant A such that the integral of the absolute value squared of the normalized wave function over all space equals 1. Mathematically, this can be written as:
∫|AΨ(x,t)|^2dx = 1
where Ψ(x,t) is the given wave function.
Substituting the given wave function and the definition of the normalization constant A, we get:
∫|AΨ(x,t)|^2dx = ∫|A|^2 e^(−10x)dx = |A|^2 ∫e^(−10x)dx = |A|^2 * 1/10
For the integral to equal 1, we need |A|^2 * 1/10 = 1, which gives us:
|A|^2 = 10
Taking the positive square root, we get:
|A| = √10
So, the normalization constant for the given wave function is A = √10.
Therefore, The wave function is not normalised since the integral does not converge to 1, and the normalisation constant for the specified wave function is A = √10.
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A common motor is set up with a set of stationary magnets (called stators) and a rotating coil of wire (called a rotor)
In order to made the rotor move, the current through the wires has to keep changing. Which of the following is the best explanation for why this needs to happen?
a. The changing of the current requires a change in the strength of the field, so the motor will rotate faster due to the increased field
b. The changing of the current will cause the magnetic field effect of the stators to reduce over time, thus meaning the magnetic field of the rotor will overtake the stator field and move to compensate it
Selected:c. The changing of the current will force the rotor to move because the electrical current will require a changing coil in order to produce the magnetic fieldThis answer is incorrect.
d. The changing of the current reverses the polarity of the induced magnetic field, thus causing each stator to keep pushing the rotor due to repulsive forces
Answer:
d
Explanation:
reversing the current, reverses the poles of the electromagnet....this keeps the rotor spinning in the stationary mag field
is thermoproteota a unicellular organism
Answer:
Yeah
Explanation:
Thermoproteota is a prokaryote.
Prokaryotes are unicellular
ver-P = W
(Remember these are metric units!)
Work-W = Fd
I. Solve and show your work
a. If a man carries a 44 pound box of books up a flight of stairs and he has a mass of 100
kg himself. How much work is done if the distance up is 10 meters?
*(remember he must lift himself and the box up the stairs)
b. How much power is necessary to do this in only I minute?
The work done to lift a man and a 44-pound box up 10 meters of stairs is 11,772 J, and the power required to do this in 1 minute is 196.2 W.
a. First, we need to convert the units of the weight of the box to kilograms: 44 pounds = 20 kg. The total mass that the man needs to lift up the stairs is therefore 100 kg + 20 kg = 120 kg.
The force required to lift this mass against gravity is given by F = mg, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s^2). So, F = 120 kg x 9.81 m/s^2 = 1177.2 N. The work done is then given by W = Fd, where d is the distance moved (10 meters).
Thus, W = 1177.2 N x 10 m = 11,772 J.
b. To find the power required, we need to divide the work done by the time taken. As the time is given in minutes, we need to convert it to seconds: 1 minute = 60 seconds. Therefore, the power required is P = W/t = 11,772 J / 60 s = 196.2 W.
Therefore, the work done to lift the man and the box up a flight of stairs 10 meters high is 11,772 J, and the power required to do this in only 1 minute is 196.2 W.
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is a thermoproteota a unicellular
Yes, Thermoproteota is a phylum of unicellular microorganisms.
What is a thermoproteota?Thermoproteota is a phylum of unicellular microorganisms that belong to the domain Archaea.
These organisms are known for their ability to survive in extreme environments such as high temperatures, high pressure, and acidic or alkaline conditions.
Members of the Thermoproteota phylum are thermophilic, meaning they thrive in high temperatures ranging from 45-80°C. They can be found in a variety of environments, including hot springs, hydrothermal vents, and geothermal fields.
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A long solenoid (cross-sectional area = 1.4 x 10-6 m2, number of turns per unit length = 3143 turns/m) is bent into a circular shape so it looks like a doughnut. This wire-wound doughnut is called a toroid. Assume that the diameter of the solenoid is small compared to the radius of the toroid, which is 0.073 m. Find the emf induced in the toroid when the current decreases from 2.5 A to 1.1 A in a time of 0.15 s.
The emf induced in the toroid when the current decreases from 2.5 A to 1.1 A in a time of 0.15 s is 220 V.
How to determine EMF?The emf induced in a toroid can be given by the formula:
emf = -N (dΦ/dt)
where N = number of turns in the toroid and dΦ/dt = rate of change of the magnetic flux through the toroid.
To find the magnetic flux through the toroid, use the formula:
Φ = μ0 N I A / (2πr)
where μ0 = permeability of free space, I = current in the toroid, A = cross-sectional area of the toroid, and r = radius of the toroid.
Substituting the given values:
Φ = (4π x 10⁻⁷ T m/A) x (3143 turns/m) x (2.5 A) x (1.4 x 10⁻⁶ m²) / (2π x 0.073 m) = 0.0105 Wb
The rate of change of magnetic flux can be found by taking the derivative of the magnetic flux with respect to time:
dΦ/dt = -ΔΦ / Δt = -(0.0105 Wb) / (0.15 s) = -0.070 T/s
Finally, substitute the values into the formula for emf:
emf = -N (dΦ/dt) = -(3143 turns/m) x (-0.070 T/s) = 220 V
Therefore, the emf induced in the toroid when the current decreases from 2.5 A to 1.1 A in a time of 0.15 s is 220 V.
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a 0.028 m cubed tank contains 0.082 kg of Nitrogen gas (N2) at a pressure of 2.89 atm. Find the temperature of the gas in degrees Celcius. Take the atomic weight of nitrogen to be N2 = 28 g/mol
Answer: 63.6 degrees Celsius
Explanation:
Use the ideal gas law: PV = nRT (P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is universal gas constant, T is temperature)
Rearrange the equation to isolate T: T = PV/nR
0.082 kg = 82 g
82/28 = 2.929 mol
Convert atm to Pa (pascals): 2.89*101325 = 292829.25 Pa
Now R can be used because we have the appropriate units.
T = PV/nR = (292829.25*0.028)/(2.929*8.314) = 336.749 K (Kelvin)
Convert K to Celsius: 336.749 - 273.15 = 63.6 degrees Celsius
The current i through R1 in the circuit diagram below is 40 mA.
a. What is the current through R2, R3, and R4?
b. What is the potential difference between A and B?
a) The current through R₂, R₃ and R₄ is 8/3 mA, 4/3 mA, and 40 mA respectively
The resistor with resistance R₄ is connected in series with the resistor R₁, thus the current through them is the same and 40 mA.
The parallel combination of R₂ and R₃ is connected in series with R₁ thus the current through the parallel combination is 40mA
Resistance in parallel = 5 * 10 / 5 + 10 = 10/3
Current = 40 mA
Voltage = IR according to Ohm's Law
V = 10/3 * 40
= 40/3 mV
Since voltage drop is equal in parallel combination,
40/3 = I * 10
I = 4/3 mA (R₃)
40/3 = I * 5
I = 8/3 mA (R₂)
b) The potential difference between A and B is 11.83 V
[tex]V_{AB[/tex] = 1.5 - iR
= 1.5 - 10/3 * 40
= 1.5 - 40/3
= 1.5 - 13.33
= 11.83 V
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Express the following decimals as powers of ten with one figure before the decimal point: 0.5 0.001 04 0.084 0.000 36
To express the decimals as powers of ten, the answer will be a) 5 ×10-¹, b) 1.04×10-³, c) 8.4 ×10-², d) 3.6×10-⁴.
A decimal is a number with a whole and a component of fraction. Decimal numbers, which are in between integers, are used to express the numerical value of whole and partially whole quantities.
As with multiplying decimals (see Decimal Multiplication), count the base number's decimal places before multiplying by a decimal. Add the exponent to that number after that. The total number of decimal places in the response will be this.
Therefore, the answer will be
a) 0.5 = 5 ×10-¹
b) 0.001 04 = 1.04×10-³
c) 0.084 = 8.4 ×10-²
d) 0.000 36 = 3.6×10-⁴
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The distance between an object and its image formed by a diverging lens is
8.0 cm. The focal length of the lens is -3.0 cm. Find the image and object
distances.
Answer:
Image distance: object distance + focal length or, 8.0 + 3.0 so 11.0cm
Object distance: image distance - focal length or 11.0 - 3.0 so 8.0cm
Particle is thrown in upward direction with initial velocity of 60m/s. Find average speed & average velocity after 10 seconds. Take g= 10 ms-2
The particle's average speed after 10 seconds is 110 m/s, and its average velocity is zero.
When a particle is thrown upwards, its initial velocity is in the upward direction and its acceleration is in the downward direction due to gravity. The acceleration due to gravity is approximately 10 m/s² near the surface of the Earth. Therefore, the particle's velocity decreases at a rate of 10 m/s² until it reaches its highest point, where its velocity is zero. After that, the particle's velocity becomes negative and it starts to fall back to the ground.
To find the particle's average speed after 10 seconds, we need to calculate the total distance traveled by the particle in 10 seconds. The formula to calculate the distance traveled by a particle under constant acceleration is:
distance = initial velocity * time + (1/2) * acceleration * time²
Substituting the given values, we get:
distance = 60 m/s * 10 s + (1/2) * 10 m/s² * (10 s)²
distance = 600 m + 500 m
distance = 1100 m
Therefore, the average speed of the particle after 10 seconds is:
average speed = total distance / total time
average speed = 1100 m / 10 s
average speed = 110 m/s
To find the particle's average velocity after 10 seconds, we need to calculate the displacement of the particle in 10 seconds. Displacement is the change in position of the particle, which is equal to the difference between its final and initial positions. Since the particle is thrown upwards and then falls back to the ground, its displacement after 10 seconds is zero. Therefore, the average velocity of the particle after 10 seconds is also zero.
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500000000 in standard form
Answer:
5.0 x 10^8
Explanation:
because u moved it 8 times to it places
A home marker uses the following kitchen appliances for 10hrs each day for a month of 30 days
A- The energy consumption of each appliance in kilowatt-hours for the month. is 14.4 kWh
B- The total energy consumption of all appliances in kilowatt-hours for the month. is 466.8 kWh
C-The cost of electricity for the month:
Cost of electricity = 466.8 kWh * $0.12/kWh = $56.02
1. The energy consumption of each appliance in kilowatt-hours for the month:
- Refrigerator: (120 W * 0.9) / 1000 * 10 hours/day * 30 days = 32.4 kWh
- Electric stove: (2000 W * 0.7) / 1000 * 10 hours/day * 30 days = 420 kWh
- Microwave oven: (800 W * 0.6) / 1000 * 10 hours/day * 30 days = 14.4 kWh
2. The total energy consumption of all appliances in kilowatt-hours for the month:
Total energy consumption = 32.4 kWh + 420 kWh + 14.4 kWh = 466.8 kWh
3. The cost of electricity for the month:
Cost of electricity = 466.8 kWh * $0.12/kWh = $56.02
Therefore, the total energy consumption of all appliances for the month is 466.8 kilowatt-hours, and the cost of electricity for the month is $56.02.
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NOTE the complete question is
A home owner uses the following kitchen appliances for 10 hours each day for a month of 30 days:
- Refrigerator, which has a power rating of 120 watts and an efficiency of 90%
- Electric stove, which has a power rating of 2000 watts and an efficiency of 70%
- Microwave oven, which has a power rating of 800 watts and an efficiency of 60%
Assuming that the cost of electricity is $0.12 per kilowatt-hour, calculate the following:
1. The energy consumption of each appliance in kilowatt-hours for the month.
2. The total energy consumption of all appliances in kilowatt-hours for the month.
3. The cost of electricity for the month.
Note: To calculate the energy consumption of an appliance in kilowatt-hours, multiply its power rating in kilowatts by the number of hours it is used per day and the number of days in the month. To calculate the total energy consumption of all appliances, sum up the energy consumption of each appliance. To calculate the cost of electricity, multiply the total energy consumption in kilowatt-hours by the cost per kilowatt-hour.
Upward force=442N, applied force=32N, applied force is applied through 2 meters whats the height?
The height to which the object is lifted is 0.14 meters.The problem seems to involve the concept of work, potential energy, and equilibrium.
The upward force of 442N must be balanced by the downward force of the object's weight to maintain equilibrium. Assuming the object is stationary, we can equate the upward force to the weight of the object:
442N = weight of the object
Weight = m * g, where m is the mass of the object and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8m/s^2).
So, 442N = m * 9.8m/s^2
Solving for m, we get m = 45.10 kg.
Now, the work done by the applied force of 32N over a distance of 2m is given by W = F * d = 32N * 2m = 64 J (Joules).
As the object is lifted, its potential energy increases by the amount of work done on it. This potential energy is given by the formula:
Potential energy = m * g * h
where h is the height to which the object is lifted.
Equating the work done on the object to the increase in its potential energy, we get:
64 J = 45.10 kg * 9.8m/s^2 * h
Solving for h, we get h = 0.14 m (rounded to two decimal places).
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A positive charge of 2.5 μC is placed in an electric field. The electric potential at point A, located 3.0 cm away from the charge, is 120 V. What is the electric potential at point B, located 6.0 cm away from the charge on the opposite side?
The answer is "the electric potential at point B is 3750 V".
To calculate electric potential (V) at a point in an electric field due to a point charge:
V = k Q / r
Where, k is Coulomb's constant (k = 9 x [tex]10^9[/tex] N [tex]m^2[/tex] / [tex]C^2[/tex]).
Q is the charge in Coulombs.
r is the distance between the point charge and the point where potential is being calculated, in meters.
Using the values given, calculate the electric potential at point A:
[tex]V_A[/tex] = (9 x [tex]10^9[/tex] N [tex]m^2[/tex] / [tex]C^2[/tex]) x (2.5 x [tex]10^{-6 }[/tex] C) / (0.03 m)
[tex]V_A[/tex]= 7500 V
[tex]V_B[/tex] = (9 x [tex]10^9[/tex] N [tex]m^2[/tex] / [tex]C^2[/tex]) x (2.5 x [tex]10^{-6 }[/tex] C) / (0.06 m)
[tex]V_B[/tex] = 3750 V
So, the electric potential at point B is 3750 V.
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an aluminum kettle contains water at 30.4 degrees Celsius. When the water is heated to 85.2 degrees Celsius, the volume of the kettle expands by 7.04 times 10 to the power of negative 6 meters cubed. Determine the volume of the kettle at 33.6 degrees Celsius? Take aluminum = 2.38 times 10 to the power of negative 5 (C degrees) to the power of negative 1
The volume of the kettle at 33.6 degrees Celsius is 5.96 × 10⁻⁶ cubic meters.
How to determine volume?Use the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum to calculate the increase in volume of the kettle. The formula for volume expansion is:
ΔV = V₀αΔT
where:
ΔV = change in volume
V₀ = initial volume
α = coefficient of thermal expansion
ΔT = change in temperature
Rearrange the formula to solve for the initial volume:
V₀ = ΔV / (αΔT)
First, calculate the change in temperature and the change in volume:
ΔT = 85.2°C - 30.4°C = 54.8°C
ΔV = 7.04 × 10⁻⁶ m³
Next, let's plug in the values:
V₀ = ΔV / (αΔT)
V₀ = 7.04 × 10⁻⁶ m³ / (2.38 × 10⁻⁵ (°C)⁻¹ × 54.8°C)
V₀ = 5.96 × 10⁻⁶ m³
Now use the coefficient of thermal expansion to find the change in volume when the temperature changes from 30.4°C to 33.6°C:
ΔT = 33.6°C - 30.4°C = 3.2°C
ΔV = V₀αΔT
ΔV = 5.96 × 10⁻⁶ m³ × 2.38 × 10⁻⁵ (°C)⁻¹ × 3.2°C
ΔV = 4.53 × 10⁻¹⁰ m³
Finally, find the volume of the kettle at 33.6°C:
V = V₀ + ΔV
V = 5.96 × 10⁻⁶ m³ + 4.53 × 10⁻¹⁰ m³
V = 5.96 × 10⁻⁶ m³ (to three significant figures)
Therefore, the volume of the kettle at 33.6 degrees Celsius is 5.96 × 10⁻⁶ cubic meters.
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with a partner, discuss how friction affects moving parts on a bicycle. What parts are designed to increase friction? What parts reduce friction? Include suggestions for reducing or increasing friction to properly maintain a bicycle.
Answer:
Friction plays a crucial role in the operation of a bicycle, both in terms of its performance and maintenance. Here are some ways that friction affects moving parts on a bicycle and ways to reduce or increase friction:
Friction in the chain: The chain is one of the most critical components of a bicycle, and friction can cause significant wear and tear on it. Lubricating the chain regularly can help reduce friction and prolong its lifespan.
Friction in the brakes: The brake pads are designed to increase friction on the wheel rims to slow the bike down or bring it to a stop. Over time, the brake pads wear down, reducing their effectiveness. Replacing the pads regularly can help ensure the brakes work correctly.
Friction in the bearings: Bearings help reduce friction and keep the wheels spinning smoothly. However, if they are not adequately lubricated or are worn out, they can create significant friction. Keeping the bearings clean and lubricated is essential for reducing friction and ensuring the bike runs smoothly.
Friction in the tires: The tire pressure and the surface of the road can affect the level of friction between the tires and the ground. If the tire pressure is too low or too high, it can cause uneven wear on the tire and reduce traction. It is essential to keep the tires inflated to the recommended pressure for optimal performance.
Friction in the pedals: The pedals are where the rider applies force to move the bike forward. If the pedals are not lubricated, they can create friction and reduce the rider's efficiency. Regularly cleaning and lubricating the pedals can help reduce friction and increase the rider's power.
In summary, maintaining a bicycle involves reducing friction in some areas and increasing it in others. Regular cleaning, lubrication, and replacement of worn-out parts can help keep a bicycle running smoothly and safely
Explanation:
What is the period of vibration of a wave of wavelength 0.5m moving in a speed of 6.0m/s
Answer:
Therefore, the period of vibration for a wave with a wavelength of 0.5 m moving at a speed of 6.0 m/s is approximately 0.0833 seconds.
Explanation:
To find the period of vibration, we can use the formula:
period = wavelength / speed
Given:
Wavelength (λ) = 0.5 m
Speed (v) = 6.0 m/s
Substituting the values into the formula:
period = 0.5 m / 6.0 m/s
Calculating the value:
period ≈ 0.0833 seconds
A body moves in a circular path of radius r with speed v under the effect of a centripetal force F if it's speed increases to √2v while moving in the same circular path, the centripetal force affecting it has to be...?
The centripetal force affecting the body has to be doubled.
1. The centripetal force acting on a body moving in a circular path of radius r with speed v is given by F = mv²/r, where m is the mass of the body.
2. If the speed of the body increases to √2v while moving in the same circular path, the new centripetal force acting on the body can be calculated as follows:
F' = m(√2v)²/r = 2mv²/r
3. Comparing the new centripetal force F' with the initial centripetal force F, we get:
F' = 2F
4. As a result, the centripetal force acting on the body must be twice in order for the body to proceed in the same circular direction at 2v.
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Redo Example 5,assuming that there is no upward lift on the plane generated by its wings. without such lift , the guideline shapes downward due to the weight of the plane. for purposes of significant figures, use 2.42 kg for the mass of the plane , 18.5m for the length of the guideline , and 19.6 and 39.2 m/s for he speeds.
The tension in the guideline are 151.8 N when the model airplane is flying in a circle at a constant speed of 19.6 m/s. When the speed is increased to 39.2 m/s, the tension in the guideline increases to 283.8 N.
How to determine tension?In Example 5, the model airplane was flying in a circle at a constant speed. The tension in the guideline was equal to the centripetal force, which was given by the equation:
Fc = mv²/r
where m = mass of the airplane, v = speed, and r = radius of the circle.
In this case, there is no upward lift on the plane, so the tension in the guideline is equal to the weight of the plane, which is given by the equation:
W = mg
where m = mass of the plane and g = acceleration due to gravity.
Set these two equations equal to each other to find an expression for the tension in the guideline:
mv²/r = mg
Solving for T:
T= mv²/r + mg
For the given values, calculate the tension in the guideline as follows:
T = (2.42 kg)(19.6 m/s)²/(18.5 m) + (2.42 kg)(9.8 m/s²)
T = 128.1 N + 23.7 N
T = 151.8 N
Therefore, the tension in the guideline is 151.8 N when the model airplane is flying in a circle at a constant speed of 19.6 m/s. When the speed is increased to 39.2 m/s, the tension in the guideline increases to 283.8 N.
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Complete question:
Redo Example 5,assuming that there is no upward lift on the plane generated by its wings. without such lift , the guideline shapes downward due to the weight of the plane. for purposes of significant figures, use 2.42 kg for the mass of the plane , 18.5m for the length of the guideline , and 19.6 and 39.2 m/s for he speeds.
The model airplane in Figure 5.6 has a mass of 0.90 kg and moves at a constant speed on a circle that is parallel to the ground. The path of the airplane and its guideline lie in the same horizontal plane, because the weight of the plane is balanced by the lift generated by its wings. Find the tension in the guideline (length = 17 m) for speeds of 19 and 38 m/s.
Most objects emit infrared energy How do humans recognize this? Their skins senses it as warmth their vision becomes clearer they see light emitted from the object they expy Goose bumps on this skin
Humans detect infrared radiation released by things using a variety of senses. The ultimate response is that people recognise it by feeling warmth on their skin, having sharper vision, seeing light radiated by the item, and having goosebumps.
1. Skin detects warmth: Objects that produce infrared radiation also emit heat. The temperature sensors in the skin sense this heat energy, allowing people to experience warmth.
2. Improved vision: Infrared radiation may pass through some things like fog or smoke. Because infrared radiation bounces off things and reaches the eyeballs, people can see more clearly in low-light circumstances.
3. Light emitted by the object: When subjected to infrared radiation, certain items emit visible light. Certain types of security cameras, for example, detect movement using infrared radiation and can generate visible light as a result.
4. Goosebumps: Goosebumps are a natural reaction to temperature fluctuations or emotional stimulation.
When people are chilly or terrified, the muscles in their skin contract, causing the hair follicles to rise up and provide a "goosebump" sensation.
This reaction can also occur when the skin senses infrared light in order to regulate body temperature.
Overall, these sensory reactions enable people to perceive and respond to infrared radiation released by objects in their surroundings.
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take the density of copper as 9g/cm3 find the mass of 5cm3
The mass of 5 cm³ of copper is 45 grams. This means that if we had a block of copper with a volume of 5 cm³, it would weigh 45 grams.
The density of copper is given as 9 g/cm³, which means that for every cubic centimeter (cm³) of copper, there is a mass of 9 grams (g). To find the mass of 5 cm³ of copper, we can use the following formula:
mass = density x volume
where mass is the mass of the object in grams, density is the density of the material in grams per cubic centimeter, and volume is the volume of the object in cubic centimeters.
Plugging in the values we have, we get:
mass = 9 g/cm³ x 5 cm³
mass = 45 g
Therefore, the mass of 5 cm³ of copper is 45 grams. This means that if we had a block of copper with a volume of 5 cm³, it would weigh 45 grams.
It is important to note that the density of a material is an important physical property that relates its mass to its volume, and is often used in calculations involving materials and objects of different shapes and sizes.
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How long will it take a charged 80 μF ca- pacitor to lose 20 % of its initial energy when it is allowed to discharge through a 45Ω resistor?
It takes approximately 0.00000144/45 = [tex]3.2\times 10^{-8}[/tex] seconds, or 32 nanoseconds, for the capacitor to lose 20% of its initial energy when it discharges through a 45Ω resistor.
To determine how long it takes a charged capacitor to lose 20% of its initial energy when it discharges through a resistor, we need to use the formula for the energy stored in a capacitor, which is given by:
[tex]E = (1/2)CV^2[/tex]
where E is the energy in joules, C is the capacitance in farads, and V is the voltage across the capacitor in volts. The energy stored in a capacitor is proportional to the square of the voltage across it.
When the capacitor discharges through a resistor, the voltage across it decreases over time, and the energy stored in the capacitor is converted into heat energy in the resistor. The rate at which the energy is dissipated is given by:
[tex]P = IV = V^2/R[/tex]
where P is the power in watts, I is the current in amperes, and R is the resistance in ohms.
Using the above equations, we can determine the time it takes for the capacitor to lose 20% of its initial energy as follows:
First, calculate the initial energy stored in the capacitor:
[tex]Ei = (1/2)(80\times 10^{-6})(V^2)[/tex]
Next, calculate the final energy stored in the capacitor when it has lost 20% of its initial energy:
Ef = 0.8Ei
Using the equation for power, we can find the current in the circuit:
[tex]P = IV = V^2/R[/tex]
I = V/R
We can use the formula for the rate of change of energy to find the time taken to lose 20% of the initial energy:
dE/dt [tex]= -P = -(V^2/R)[/tex]
dt/dE = [tex]-R/(V^2)[/tex]
t = -R/(V^2) * ∫ (Ei-Ef) dE
Substituting the values from steps 1-4, we can solve for the time taken:
t = -45/([tex]V^2[/tex]) * ∫ (0.8(1/2)([tex]80\times 10^{-6}[/tex])(V^2) - 0) dE
t = -45/([tex]V^2[/tex]) * [0.8(1/2)([tex]80\times 10^{-6}[/tex])V^2]
t = 0.00000144/R seconds
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Which is an isotope?
Answer: B.
Explanation:
An isotope is a variation of the same element with a different number of neutrons in its nucleus. The only thing that changes is the top component, which is the total number of protons and neutrons. The bottom component remains the same (the number of protons).
Write a hypothesis about how the mass of the cylinder affects the temperature of the water. Use the "if . . . then . . . because . . .” format and be sure to answer the lesson question: "How is potential energy converted to thermal energy in a system?”
Hypothesis, If the mass of the cylinder increases, then the temperature of the water will also increase because an increase in mass leads to greater potential energy, which is converted to thermal energy in the system.
According to the principle of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. In this case, potential energy from the mass of the cylinder can be converted into thermal energy in the system. When the cylinder is lifted and submerged in the water, it possesses gravitational potential energy due to its elevated position.
As the cylinder is released and descends into the water, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, causing the water molecules to move and collide with higher energy. These collisions generate heat and increase the overall temperature of the water. By increasing the mass of the cylinder, more potential energy is stored.
As a result, there is a greater amount of energy available to be converted into thermal energy when the cylinder is released into the water. Thus, the temperature of the water is expected to increase as the mass of the cylinder increases.
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A 2,300 kg car accelerates from 23 m/s to 52 m/s in 11 seconds. What was the force that caused the acceleration?
Answer:
6,063.63637 kg m/s²
Explanation:
First you have to find the acceleration
a = velocity changes / time changes
(a stands for acceleration)
so we have 52-23 = 29 m/s
we know acceleration took 11 seconds so the time changes = 11 seconds
a= 29 / 11 = 2.63636364 m / s²
and we know
F = m × a
( F stands for force and m stands for mass)
so we have 2300kg × 2.63636364 m/s = 6,063.63637 kg m/s² or 6,063.63637 Newton
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A capacitor of 0.75 F is charged to a voltage of 16 V. What is the magnitude of the charge on
each plate of the capacitor?
The magnitude of the charge on each plate of the capacitor is 12 ×10⁻⁶c
The capacity of the capacitor = 0.75F
Voltage = 16V
F = 0.75×10⁻⁶
A two-terminal electrical device known as a capacitor is capable of storing energy in the form of an electric charge. It is made up of two electrical wires that are spaced apart by a certain amount. A vacuum may be used to fill the space between the conductors.
Using the formula to determine the charge -
Q = CV
Where,
Q = Charge on each plate of the capacitor
C = Capacity of the capacitor
V = The potential difference across plates of the capacitor
Substituting the values -
Q = 0.75 × 10⁻⁶ x 16
Q = 12 x 10⁻⁶
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A 0.980-kg block slides on a frictionless, horizontal surface with a speed of 1.32 m/s.
The block encounters an unstretched spring with a force constant of 245 N/m. How far is the spring
compressed before the block comes to rest?
The spring is compressed by 0.122 m before the block comes to rest.
When the block encounters the spring, it will begin to compress the spring due to the force exerted by the spring on the block. This force will cause the block to decelerate and eventually come to a stop when all its kinetic energy has been converted into potential energy stored in the compressed spring.
We can use the conservation of energy principle to determine the compression distance of the spring.
The initial kinetic energy of the block is given by:
[tex]KE_i = (1/2) * m * v^2 = (1/2) * 0.980 kg * (1.32 m/s)^2 = 0.852 J[/tex]
This energy will be converted into potential energy stored in the compressed spring when the block comes to a stop. The potential energy stored in the spring is given by:
[tex]PE_s = (1/2) * k * x^2[/tex]
where k is the force constant of the spring and x is the compression distance of the spring.
Setting the initial kinetic energy equal to the potential energy stored in the spring, we have:
[tex]KE_i = PE_s[/tex]
0.852 J = (1/2) * 245 N/m * x^2
Solving for x, we get:
[tex]x = \sqrt{( (2 * 0.852 J) / (245 N/m) ) } = 0.122 m[/tex]
Therefore, the spring is compressed by 0.122 m before the block comes to rest.
It's important to note that this calculation assumes that the mass of the spring is negligible compared to the mass of the block, and that the spring is ideal with no damping or other losses of energy. In reality, there may be some losses due to friction or other factors, which would result in a smaller compression distance.
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