The net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when solutions of lead(II) nitrate[Pb(NO3)2 ] and potassium iodide(2KI) are combined is:
Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 I⁻(aq) ⇒ PbI₂(s)
The balanced Molecular equation for the reaction of lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2 ]and Potassium iodide(2KI) is given as ;
Pb(NO3)2 (l) + 2KI (s) → PbI2 (s) + 2KNO3 (l).
Solutions of lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide were combined and formed double displacement reaction. The complete ionic equation is:
Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) + 2 K⁺(aq) + 2 I⁻(aq) ⇒ 2 K⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) + PbI₂(s)
Removing Spectator ions, that appear both in the reactants and in the products. They do not participate in the reaction thats why they do not appear in the net ionic equation.So, The net ionic equation is:
Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 I⁻(aq) ⇒ PbI₂(s)
The net ionic equation for the reaction of lead(II) nitrate[Pb(NO3)2 ] and potassium iodide(2KI) solution is combined:
Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 I⁻(aq) ⇒ PbI₂(s)
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What is the pH of a solution that has the same number of hydrogen ions as hydroxide ions?; What is the pH of a solution that has equal concentrations of both hydrogen ions H +) and hydroxide ions OH -)?; What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion?; At what pH does the hydrogen ion concentration equal the hydroxide ion concentration?
The substance or compound has a pH of 7 when it has the same number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. The pH of pure water, which is 7, is considered to be neutral.
How acidic is a solution with the same quantity of hydrogen ions as hydroxide ions?The hydrogen ion concentration declines and the hydroxide ion concentration rises when pH rises (over 7.0). Both hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are present in equal amounts when the pH is at 7.0.
When a solution has an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions the solution is?Pure water is the substance that contains an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. The quantity of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in pure water is typically comparable to other solvents. Since it is a neutral answer, it has been regarded as being applicable to all situations.
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based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds is soluble in water? baso4 k2so4 pbso4 caso4 ag2so4
According to the solubility criteria, which divide solutes either highly soluble, sparingly soluble, and insoluble depending on how much of a chemical dissolves in a solvent, AgBr is one of these compounds that is
What are the GCSE rules for solubility?The amount of a substance that will dissolve at its greatest mass in such a given solvent volume at a specific temperature is known as its solubility. A high solubility indicates a substance to be particularly soluble. Low solubilities refer to substances that are either insoluble or just very little of them dissolve.
Which four solubility factors are there?The solubility of gases in liquids is significantly influenced by four different parameters. the liquid and gas's and the pressure's relative sizes, temperatures, and chemical reactions. Henry's law states that by increasing pressure, the gas in the liquid will often become more soluble.
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which of the following pairs of substances would you expect to form homogeneous solutions when combined? (a) CCl4 and H2O (b) KCl and H2O (c) Br2 and (d)CCl4
Solutions that are homogeneous have a constant composition and set of characteristics. For instance, a cup of coffee, cologne, cough syrup, a salt- or sugar-water solution, etc.
Since cement, water, and numerous other additives are included in concrete, it serves as an illustration of a heterogeneous mixture. As a result, it is not expected that concrete will have a consistent composition throughout. As a result, choice (a) is correct.
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Why do nonmetals form negative ions?; Do nonmetals tend to gain electrons to form negative ions?; Why do nonmetals tend to gain electrons?; How do nonmetals gain a negative charge?
Due to their increased number of valence electrons and propensity to gain electrons quickly, nonmetals have a propensity to generate negative (- charged) ions. Ionic bonds so typically occur between a metal and a nonmetal.
How do nonmetals gain a negative charge?Nonmetals frequently pick up electrons to create negatively charged ions.
To complete the octet in their valence shell, nonmetals like chlorine, fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen frequently receive electrons from atoms of other elements, especially metals like sodium, calcium, and aluminum. Nonmetals have high electronegativity values as a result of this propensity. Nonmetals create ions with a negative charge by absorbing electrons from other chemical entities (i.e. anions). An exothermic reaction occurs when an electron is added to a neutral nonmetallic atom, releasing some energy in the process.
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the reaction that converts a saturated dicarboxylic acid into an unsaturated one
Spell out the full name of the enzyme.
To solve such this we must know the concept of organic reaction. Therefore, dehydrogenation is the reaction that is used to converts a saturated dicarboxylic acid into an unsaturated one.
What is chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is a process in which two or more than two molecules collide in right orientation and energy to form a new chemical compound. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved. There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, double displacement reaction.
Dehydrogenation is the reaction that is used to converts a saturated dicarboxylic acid into an unsaturated one. In this process dihydrogen is added to the organic compound in the presence of suitable reagent.
Therefore, dehydrogenation is the reaction that is used to converts a saturated dicarboxylic acid into an unsaturated one.
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is present when a person experiences less effect from the same dose of a substance and needs more and more of it to achieve intoxication. (ap10.2)
When a person takes more of a substance to become intoxicated after taking the same quantity and experiences less of its effects, tolerance is present.
This person may have extraordinarily high drug levels in their blood. Alcohol, painkillers, stimulants, and nicotine are highly tolerable substances. Cannabis and PCP have low tolerance levels. Strong scientific data demonstrates that alcoholism or drug addiction is a chronic brain illness with relapse and recovery possibilities. As a person uses substances more frequently, their brains undergo significant changes that make it harder for them to maintain control over their substance use. Long after substance use has stopped, the brain remains. It is yet unknown how much or how long it might take to reverse these alterations.
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which refers to a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is? ph solubility reactiveness hardness; which solution has the greatest number of hydroxide ions?; which is formed by positive ions from a base and negative ions from an acid?; which product contains a strong base that would most likely completely dissolve in water?; a solution has a ph of 8. which best describes the solution?; which best describes the ph scale?; which is the order of these solutions from strong acid to strong base?; carla is using a fertilizer that contains nitric acid. how is nitric acid classified?
The pH scale determines how acidic or basic water is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality. pH values below 7 indicate acidity, whereas those over 7 suggest a base (a result of a chemical interaction
Examples of chemical reactions and what they are.Reactants engage in a chemical reaction during a chemical reaction, which results in the transformation of reactants into products. for instance Inhaling oxygen causes glucose to react, producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy. This is the process of respiration.
In simple terms, what exactly is a chemical reaction?chemical reaction: a process wherein one or more substances—the reactants—are changed into one or more additional substances—the products. Chemical elements and compounds are both substances.
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Draw the expected major elimination product and identify the mechanism. H3C CH3 CH OH reaction These conditions will under go an O E2
H3C CH3 CH OH reaction These settings will under go an O E2. the expected major elimination product and determine the mechanism. Br CH, OH, H3C CO E1.
What is elimination?
These circumstances will have a reaction. The image below illustrates one of the products created when 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylcyclopentane is heated in ethanol. The nucleophile reaches the electrophilic carbon in an SN2 reaction at an angle of 180 ° to the leaving group. The stability of transition states provides a justification for the increase in E2 reaction rate with increasing alkyl substitution. In the stage of transition. NaOH. CH3. BH2. H. BH2. H2O2. CH3. The principal organic product for each of the following reactions, the anticipated major elimination product, and the process are note concerted addition of B-H across C=C.
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A reaction involving element X occurs
via a second-order reaction at 400 K,
according to the rate law below.
Rate = 0.025 M-¹-min-¹[X]²
What is the value of the rate constant?
k = [ ? ] M-¹ · min-¹
(image below for more context)
The rate constant of the reaction is 0.025 M-¹-min-¹
What is a second order reaction?We know that a second order reaction is the kind of reaction in which the order of reaction depends on two molecules or that the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of a specie raised to power 2.
Given that the general formula for the second order rate law is;
Rate = K[X]^2
K = rate constant
[X] = concentration of X
This can now extrapolated to the reaction that we have here and this is a model that would give us the rate constant.
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Part A Cathodic protection of iron involves using another more reactive metal as a sacrificial anode. Classify each of the following metals by whether they would or would not act as a sacrificial anode to iron. Drag each item to the appropriate bin. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Ag Mg Cu Pb Sn Zn Au Will act as sacrificial anode for iron Will not act as sacrificial anode for iron Submit Part B An old iron beam was coated with an unknown metal. There is a crack on the coating and it is observed that the iron is rusting at the fracture. The beam is in a structure that experiences high stress, resulting in frequent fractures to the coating. What was the old metal coating likely made of and what metal you would use to repair the fractures to avoid further corrosion? Drag each label to the appropriate target. View Available Hint(s) ResetHelp gold aluminum tin 1. The old coating was likely made of . 2. would be a good choice for repairing the fracture.
The material that act as sacrificial anode for iron Mg , Zn. that cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron Ag, Cu ,Pb, Sn, Au.
A Cathodic protection of iron involves using another more reactive metal as a sacrificial anode.
a) Ag = it cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the iron is above than the Ag. it is less reactive.
b) Mg = it can acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the Ag is above than the iron. it is more reactive.
c) Cu = it cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the iron is above than the cu. it is less reactive.
d) Pb = it cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the iron is above than the cu. it is less reactive.
e) Sn = it cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the Ag is above than the iron. it is more reactive.
d) Zn = it can acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the iron is above than the Ag. it is less reactive.
e) Au = it cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the Ag is above than the iron. it is more reactive.
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Write down an 2 examples of a single displacement reaction.
Explain the importance or uses of these chemical reactions in everyday activities of people. (PROVIDE MORE THAN ONCE SENTENCE)
Example:
Single replacement- 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2
Potassium hydroxide is used in making soap, as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries and in electroplating, lithography, and paint and varnish removers. Medically, potassium hydroxide (KOH) is widely used in the wet mount preparation of various clinical specimens for microscopic visualization of fungi and fungal elements in skin, hair, nails, and even vaginal secretions
Example:
Single displacement- Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
This reaction is commonly used in the purification of copper, as the zinc ions in the reaction are less reactive than copper and will not dissolve in the sulfuric acid solution. The resulting copper can be easily separated from the zinc sulfate solution by electrolysis.
Single displacement- Al + CuCl2 → AlCl3 + Cu
This reaction is used in the production of aluminum chloride, which is a common starting material for the synthesis of a variety of compounds used in pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other industrial applications. The aluminum chloride produced in this reaction can also be used as a catalyst in the production of polymers and in the refining of petroleum products.
What is the frequency of
an ultraviolet wave whose
length is 350 nm?
A. 8.6 x 105 Hz
B. 8.6 x 10¹4 Hz
C. 1.2 x 10 Hz
D. 1.2 x 10-¹5 Hz
The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is related to its wavelength by the following equation:
frequency (f) = speed of light (c) / wavelength (λ)
Since the speed of light is approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet wave in question is 350 nm, or 3.50 x 10^-7 m, we can plug these values into the equation to find the frequency:
f = 3 x 10^8 m/s / 3.50 x 10^-7 m
This simplifies to:
f = 8.57 x 10^14 Hz
Therefore, the correct answer is 8.6 x 10^14 Hz, letter B.
aqueous sodium bromide reacts with chlorine gas to produce aqueous sodium chloride and liquid bromine
Chlorine gas and aqueous sodium bromide react to generate liquid bromine and aqueous sodium chloride.
What happens when chlorine and sodium bromide interact?Chlorine (in the form of a gas or dissolved in water) replaces bromine when added to sodium bromide solution. Chlorine replaces bromine in sodium bromide because it is more reactive than bromine. The solution darkens. The displaced bromine is responsible for this brown color.
Several compounds are created when bromine and chlorine combine. Bromide and hydrogen chloride are produced when bromine and chlorine combine. Bromine reacts with chlorine to form chlorides like hypochlorite and chlorite. These reactions can also happen spontaneously and are used in industrial operations.
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Describe how you will apply this new knowledge of the dangers of sun exposure to your daily life.
Among electromagnetic waves, UV rays are most dangerous because exposure to these radiation cause serious problems in living organism. Therefore, the UV radiations from sun is very harmful.
What is electromagnetic wave?Electromagnetic wave is a wave which contain two component one is electric component and other is magnetic component. The electric and magnetic component are perpendicular to each other. There are so many wave that comes under electromagnetic wave like infrared wave , radio wave.
There is a relation between energy of wave. frequency of wave, and wavelength of wave
Mathematically,
E=hc/λ
where,
E = energy of electromagnetic wave
h is planks constant having value 6.67×10⁻³⁴js
c is speed of light that is 3×10⁸m/s
λ is the wavelength of electromagnetic wave
Sunlight contains UV radiations which are very harmful for the life on earth. These radiations causes skin cancer.
Therefore, the UV radiations from sun is very harmful.
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foods we eat contain carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids that provide chemical energy. this chemical energy is eventually turned into
Foods that we eat contains carbohydrates, proteins and lipids that provide chemical energy. This chemical energy is eventually turned into thermal energy, kinetic energy and other forms of chemical energy.
The major constituents of food are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. These serve as the fuel for the proper functioning of the body. The breakdown of these molecules inside our body by the process of digestion and transportation into the bloodstream helps in transforming the chemical energy stored in foods to kinetic, thermal and other forms of energy.
As a result of this transformation, human beings feel warm, can move and can perform their day-to-day activities.
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Allow the system to reach thermal equilibrium (constant temperature). Use the concentration values to determine K. Now go to the thermal properties, change the temperature and click on the thermally isolated system option. Determine the new k at the new temperature. From the new K at the new temperature, determine if the system is endothermic or exothermic. Record your data in the table below: Temperature Observations [Co(H2O).2) [CoCl4) K Endothermic or Exothermic Reaction? : Show all your calculations for K below.
The reaction is exndthermic as there's the
An endothermic response is any chemical response that absorbs warmness from its environment.
The absorbed power gives the activation power for the response to occur. A hallmark of this form of response is that it feels cold.
The generic cost for water’s regular boiling factor is 373.2 K (100.0 °C), and so this calculation is in affordable agreement. And so, announcing a procedure is spontaneous at “high” or “low” temperatures method the temperature is above or below, respectively, that temperature at which ΔG for the procedure is zero.
As cited earlier, this situation describes a gadget at equilibrium.Combustion procedures are exothermic (ΔH < 0> 0). The response is consequently spontaneous (ΔG < 0>).
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for the following molecule, the hydrogens having the largest chemical shift are labelled (a, b, c, or d?) Cl-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3a- b- c- d-
The strongest chemical shift will occur in the hydrogens nearest to the chlorine (furthest to the left in the spectrum). Thus in this question a labelled hydrogen will have a chemical shift.
Chemical shift is defined as the difference between the signal from the reference molecule and the resonant frequency of the spinning protons. One of the most significant characteristics that can be used to determine molecular structure is nuclear magnetic resonance chemical change.
Different chemical shifts are primarily brought on by two factors: (a) deshielding brought on by reduced electron density (due to electronegative atoms), and (b) anisotropy (due to bonds). The signals are split into (n+1) lines due to coupling, which is caused by the presence of "n" other equivalent H atoms nearby.
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Which of the following statements about the difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds is true?
a. An ionic bond is stronger.
b. Electron sharing is more equal in the covalent bond.
c. An ionic bond occurs more often in aqueous solutions.
d. An ionic bond occurs only in acids.
e. A covalent bond occurs only in nonpolar molecules.
Two atoms share pairs of electrons to form lent bonds, which bind the Ionic bond refers to the bond that exists between these two ions.
What distinguishes an ionic link from a covalent bond?An atom can participate in covalent and ionic bonds, which are the two main types of bonds. By sharing electrons, two or more atoms can form covalent bonds. When two or more ions come together, their opposing charges hold them together to form ionic bonds.
Which bond is stronger and what distinguishes covalent from ionic bonds?Ionic bonds are typically far more powerful than covalent bonds. The complete transfer of electrons between the elements creates a stable molecule with ionic bonds.
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taking logarithms and antilogarithms is necessary to solve many chemistry problems. for practice, complete the following table, where is a number.
N = 7.35 ln in row 1; N Equals ln(7.35) = 1.995 logarithmic N = log(7.35) (7.35) To solve many chemical problems, logarithms and antilogarithms must be used.
Antilogarithms: How are they solved?The bases of logarithm and antilog are both 2.7183. Logarithms and antilogarithms with bases of 10 need be multiplied by 2.303 to create natural logarithms and antilogarithms.
How are the antilogarithm and log calculated?For both numbers, the base must be the same. Log b x y = p - q (= log b x - log b y is the outcome of taking logs on both sides. The inverse function of the difference in the two numbers' logarithms is what is used to divide them.
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A beam is being designed to work immersed in a heated fluid. The beam has to be strong enough to support a load and also be rigid enough so it does not deflect too much. Corrosion resistance is important, so the beam will be electroplated. Heat transfer characteristics are desired for heat dissipation. Five alternative materials have been suggested from which the choice will be made. a) Malleable C.I. ASTM 220 b) Gray C.I. ASTM A48 c) Steel ASTM A36 d) Al2024 T4
e) Al6061 T6
Five attributes have been identified, which are: a) Ultimate Strength Su (MPa)
b) Elastic Modulus E (GPa) c) Corrosion Resistance 3 =Good,2= Fair, 1=Poor. d) Heat Transfer Ability K(W/m⋅K)
e) Cost Dollars per Kg. Properties estimated for these five materials are as shown in Table 16. Determine the best material if supporting the weight (strength) is the number one priority followed by rigidity. Cost is more important than the heat transfer. Corrosion resistance is important but the cast iron and steel beams will be electroplated.
The use of ASTM B152 plate be in compliance with that ASME Code for process piping since it wouldn't bear the required heat transfer rate.
What steel type and ASTM designation is preferred for W-shapes?The correct answer is option A, that is ASTM E-119 test.They are Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials which have been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.It states that the performance of walls, columns, floors, and other building members under fire exposure conditions is an item of great importance in securing constructions that are safe, and that are not a menace to neighboring structures nor to the public.To control this it is necessary that the fire-resistive properties of materials and assemblies are measured and specified according to a standard expressed in terms that are applicable to a wide variety of materials, situations, and conditions of exposure.Such a standard is found in the ASTM E-119 test.To learn more about ASTM designation refer to:
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What element has 15 protons and neutrons?; What is the name and symbol of an element that contains 15 protons?; What is the symbol for an atom containing 20 protons and 20 neutrons?; What element usually has 20 neutrons?
Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15, and it has 15 protons and neutrons. The atom of calcium has 20 neutrons and is represented by the symbol Ca.
A stable subatomic particle known as a protons has the symbol p, H+, or 1H+ having a positive electric charge of +1 e elementary charge. It has a mass that is 1,836 times greater than that of an electron and slightly less than that of a neutron (the proton–electron mass ratio). Nucleons are a collective term for protons and neutrons, each of which have masses of roughly one atomic mass unit (particles present in atomic nuclei).
Each atom's nucleus contains one or more protons. They supply the primary electric force that attracts and holds the atomic electrons together. The defining characteristic of an element, known as the atomic number, is the number of protons in the nucleus (represented by the symbol Z).
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Why do chemical reactions occur at all?; What occurs during all chemical changes?; What causes a chemical change?; Do chemical changes occur everywhere?
When atoms establish or break chemical bonds, chemical processes take place. When bonds between molecules or atoms are created, disrupted, or both, chemical changes result.
Which four chemical substances are they?Covalent bonds hold together molecules, ionic bonds hold together ions, metallic bonds hold together intermetallic compounds, and coordinate covalent bonds hold coordination complexes together.
What constitutes a chemical?Each molecule with just an analytical grade is deemed to be a chemistry. So a chemical always has the same "stuff," to put it another way. Natural substances like water include certain compounds.
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___ moles of soap are formed per mole of glycerol in a complete saponification reaction which results in a charged product, the salt of a fatty acid because of ___.1. Three; the low pH of the solution in which the reaction takes place2. One; the basic solution in which the reaction takes place3. Three; the basic solution in which the reaction takes place4. One; the low pH of the solution in which the reaction takes place
Alcohol and soap are created when an ester reacts with an inorganic base during saponification. Typically, it happens when triglycerides react with potassium or sodium hydroxide (lye) to create soap, which is a mixture of glycerol and fatty acid salt.
In a process called saponification, which creates long-chain fatty acid salts and glycerol as a byproduct rather than water and salt as in an acid/base reaction. Alkaline hydrolysis of esters is the term for it.
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Which 2 elements will most likely form an ionic bond?; Which two elements will most likely form an ionic bond Click on the periodic table icon to view these elements Krypto?; Which elements will form an ionic bond with magnesium?; Which elements tend to form ionic bonds?
Questions and answers about ionic bonds
The ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Which two elements are most likely to form an ionic bond?The ionic bond is more likely to form between two elements with the same amount of charge but in opposite directions.
What elements will form an ionic bond with magnesium?The magnesium ion has two positive charges (+2), therefore, among the elements that ideally form an ionic bond with it are those that have a double negative charge (-2), for example, oxygen, thus forming rust of magnesium.
What elements tend to form ionic bonds?Metals and non-metals, because the former are elements with low ionization energy and the latter have high electronegativity and electron affinity.
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of the atoms below,___is the least electronegative. options: a) si b) f c) ca d) cl e) rb
Of the atoms that are given, Rubidium is least electronegative among the other 5 options, hence option e) rb is the correct option.
Electronegativite nature is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. As we move from left to right in a period electronegativity increases as we move from metals to non metals.The electronegativity of an atom changes depending on the hybridization of the orbital employed in bonding.
Compared to electrons in p orbitals, s orbital electrons are retained more firmly. As a result, when the hybrid orbital has more s character, a bond to an atom that uses a spx hybrid orbital for bonding will be more strongly polarized to that atom. In organic chemistry, different functional groups rather than specific atoms are more frequently related with electronegativity.
It is common to use the terms group electronegativity and substituent electronegativity interchangeably. The inductive effect and the resonance effect, which are referred to as σ- and π-electronegativities, respectively, are typically distinguished from one another.
Hence, option e) rb is correct option here.
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which of the following statements correctly describe different types of mixtures? select all that apply. a) A heterogeneous mixture contains two or more different phases, b) A colloid is a type of solution, c) Differences in particle size account for the main differences between solutions and colloids. d) The phases of a heterogeneous mixture are always visibly distinct. e)The composition of any mixture is variable
These claims provide the clearest definition of the type of mixture in the statement;
A) Heterogeneous mixtures often contain two or more unique components.
D) In a heterogeneous combination, individual components may always be identified.
E) Any mixture's composition can change.
-NO, the fundamental distinctions between solutions and colloids are not caused by variations in particle size.
-The consistency of the mixture's particles makes the biggest difference.
-A heterogeneous solution called a colloidal solution has particles in it that are between the size of those in a real solution and those in a suspension solution.
Mixture:- A mixture is a material that results from the interaction of two or more substances without undergoing any chemical transformation.
Mixtures can roughly be divided into two types, these are Homogeneous Mixture and Heterogeneous Mixture
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What are two characteristics are associated with metals?; What are the characteristics of metals with very low ionization energies?; Would metals have high or low ionization energy?; Why do metals have low ionization energy?
The two characteristics associated with metals are that they are malleable and ductile.
Metals with very low ionizing energies are easier to remove electrons from.
Due to their large size and their valence shell electronic configuration, alkali metal easily loses its electron to attain noble gas configuration. Therefore, the ionization enthalpy of alkali metal is low.
What is ionization enthalpy?
Ionization enthalpy is the minimal quantity of electricity required to get rid of the maximum loosely sure electron from an isolated gaseous atom so to transform it into gaseous cation is known as ionisation enthalpy.It's far measured in gadgets of electron volts (eV) in step with atom or kilo calorie in line with mole or kilo joules consistent with mole.thing affecting I.E includes the pressure of appeal between electrons and the nucleus, and the force of repulsion among electrons.To know more about ionization enthalpy, click the link given below:
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Al(s)→Al3+(aq)+3e−
Zn2+(aq)+2e−→Zn(s)
The half-reactions for the oxidation-reduction reaction between Al(s) and Zn2+(aq) are represented above. Based on the half-reactions, what is the coefficient for Al(s) if the equation for the oxidation-reduction reaction is balanced with the smallest whole-number coefficients?
2
To calculate the atoms of an element in a given molecule, we need to multiply stoichiometry by the number that is written on the foot of that element. Therefore, coefficient of Al in balanced equation is 2.
What is Balanced equation?Balanced equation is the one in which the total number of atoms of a species on reactant side is equal to the total number of atoms on product side. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved. There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, displacement reaction.
The other characteristic of balanced reaction is that physical state should be written with each compound or molecule on reactant and product side. Physical state should be written in brackets. s means solid, l means liquid, g means gas.
Al(s)→Al³⁺(aq)+3e⁻ × 2
Zn²⁺(aq)+2e⁻−→Zn(s) × 3
adding the two equations we get balanced equation as
2Al+3Zn²⁺→ 2Al³⁺ + 3Zn(s)
The coefficient of Al in balanced equation is 2.
Therefore, coefficient of Al in balanced equation is 2.
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Consider a container of volume 5.0dm3 that is dividedinto two compartments of equal size. In the left compartment thereis nitrogen at 1.0 atm and 25oC; in the rightcompartment there is hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure.Calculate teh entropy and Gibbs energy of mixing when the partitionis removed. Assumed that the gases are perfect.
Gibbs energy of mixing when the partitionis removed is +0.47JK⁻¹.
Entropy is a measure of disorder in a system. It is also the number of possible ways that particles and their energy can be distributed in a system.
Gibbs free energy, denoted G, combines enthalpy and entropy into a single value. The change in free energy, ΔG, is equal to the sum of the enthalpy plus the product of the temperature and entropy of the system
ΔG= nRT (x, ln x, +x In x}[518] x=x=0.5, n= pv/ RT
=(-1.0)x(1.013×10' Pa)x(2.0×10' m')x(In 2) = 1.4 *10^2 = -0.14JK⁻¹
ΔS=-nR(x, Inx+x, Inx) [5.19] -0.14k = +0.47 JK
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The town of Natrium, West Virginia, derives its name from the sodium produced in the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride(NaCl) mined from ancient salt deposits. The number of kilowatt-hours of electricity required to produce 5.50kg of metallic sodium from the electrolysis of molten NaCl(s) is_________when the applied emf is 5.00V
The town of Natrium, West Virginia, derives its name from the sodium produced in the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride(NaCl) mined from ancient salt deposits. The number of kilowatt-hours of electricity required to produce 5.50kg of metallic sodium from the electrolysis of molten NaCl(s) is 4.58 kWh when the applied emf is 5.00V
The reaction equation is given as:
Na⁺ +e⁻ ⇒ Na
So moles of Na equals moles of electrons used
So the number of moles of sodium can be calculated as:
number of moles = mass ÷ molar mass
Moles = 5500 g ÷ 23 g/mol (1 kg = 1000 g)
Number of moles = 239.13 moles
Q = n × F; where F represents the Faraday constant
Q = 239.13 moles × 96500 C
Q = 23,976,045 mol C
The relationship between electrical energy and Q is
E = Q x V
Now we can substitute the given value into the above formula and calculate the current value as follows:
E = 23,976,045 × 5 .50
E = 126,918,248 J
As 1 J = 2.77 × 10⁻⁷ kWh
For this reason;
126,918,248 J ÷ 2.77 × 10⁻⁷ kWh =4.58 kWh
From this we can conclude that 4.58 kWh of power is required to produce 5.50 kg of metallic sodium from the electrolysis of molten NaCl(s).
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