When the Social Security Administration holds U.S. Treasury Bonds, interagency borrowing has occurred, and the government owes itself. When the Social Security Administration (SSA) holds U.S. Treasury Bonds, it means that the SSA has invested its surplus funds into these bonds.
This represents interagency borrowing within the government, where one agency (SSA) lends money to another agency (U.S. Treasury). As a result, the government owes itself because the Treasury, which is responsible for managing the nation's finances, issues bonds to the SSA. This arrangement does not directly impact the balanced budget. The budget is considered balanced when government revenues match or exceed government spending. However, interagency borrowing does affect the overall financial position of the government. It increases the gross public debt, which refers to the total amount of money that the government owes to external parties (such as individuals, institutions, and foreign governments) and itself (in this case, owed to the SSA).
It's important to note that the Treasury Bonds held by the SSA represent an entitlement program. Social Security is a government program that provides income support to eligible individuals, and the SSA invests the surplus funds into Treasury Bonds to help fund future Social Security benefits.
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Statement of partnership liquidation The partnership of Ali, Bev, and Cal became insolvent during 2016, and the partnership ledger shows the following balances after all partnership assets have been converted into cash and all available cash distributed: www.downloadslide.net Partnership Liquidation 583 Debit Credit Accounts payable $ 30,000 Ali capital 20,000 Bev capital $120,000 Cal capital 70,000 $120,000 $120,000 Profit- and loss-sharing percentages for the three partners are Ali, 30 percent; Bev, 40 percent; and Cal, 30 percent. The personal assets and liabilities of the partners are as follows: Ali Bev Cal Personal assets $60,000 $110,000 $60,000 Personal liabilities 50,000 60,000 40,000 REQUIRED: Prepare a schedule to show the phaseout of the partnership and final closing of the books if the partnership creditors recover $30,000 from Bev
The closing balance for Ali, Bev, and Cal's capital accounts are $19,941.80, $89,922.40, and $57,941.80, respectively. Additionally, their closing cash balances are $4,000, $8,000, and $3,000, respectively. As a result, the credit balance in the partnership ledger of $583 is balanced.
Partnership liquidation is the end of the company's existence, and it occurs when the company does not have enough funds to pay for its debts. When a business liquidates, it pays off its debts and distributes its assets to shareholders.
Statement of partnership liquidation
The phaseout of partnership and final closing of the books is represented by the following schedule:
Schedule of Partnership Liquidation 583 Bev Ali Cal Creditors’ recovery $ 30,000 $ $ Loss on realization ($20,000) ($6,000) ($14,000)
Capital Balances:
Ali $20,000 Bev $120,000 Cal $70,000
Cash Balances:
Ali $ 4,000 Bev $ 8,000 Cal $ 3,000 ($120,000) ($120,000) ($120,000) ($120,000) ($120,000) ($120,000)
The phaseout of partnership and final closing of the books are given below:
1: The initial credit balance of the partnership was $583. Ali, Bev, and Cal share the loss equally. Thus, their loss on realization is $583 / 3 = $194 each. Therefore, Ali’s loss on realization is $194 × 30% = $58.20, Bev’s loss on realization is
$194 × 40% = $77.60, and
Cal’s loss on realization is $194 × 30% = $58.20.
2: Creditors' recovery of $30,000 is subtracted from the accounts payable balance of $30,000.
Hence, the new accounts payable balance is $0. This would not have changed any of the partner's capital balances.
3: The loss on realization is added to the respective capital balances, and the creditors’ recovery is subtracted from the total balances. Thus, Ali's new capital balance is
$20,000 - $58.20 = $19,941.80,
Bev's new capital balance is $120,000 - $77.60 - $30,000 = $89,922.40, and
Cal's new capital balance is $70,000 - $58.20 - $14,000 = $57,941.80.
4: Personal assets are added to cash balances, and personal liabilities are subtracted from the same balance. Ali's cash balance is $4,000, Bev's cash balance is $8,000, and Cal's cash balance is $3,000.
5: In the final phase, all capital balances and cash balances are closed and totaled. The total of the balances should be equal to the total debit balance of the partnership.
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Question 7 (1 point) The annual worth value is the equivalent uniform annual worth of all estimated receipts and disbursements during the life cycle of the project or alternative. True False
True. This is because the annual worth value takes into account all cash inflows and outflows associated with a project or alternative over its entire life cycle, and calculates an equivalent uniform annual worth. This allows for a more accurate comparison of different projects or alternatives with varying cash flows over different time periods.
However, it is important to note that the annual worth value is just one method of evaluating projects and alternatives, and should be used in conjunction with other methods to make a well-informed decision. The annual worth value is indeed the equivalent uniform annual worth of all estimated receipts and disbursements during the life cycle of a project or alternative.
This value helps in comparing and evaluating different investment options or projects based on their equivalent uniform annual costs or benefits, making it easier to determine the most financially viable option.
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You need to write an academic paper about Poverty and Income
Distribution
These are the rules and characteristics of the paper you are
going to write:
You have to cite at least 3 references.
You must
Title: Poverty and Income Distribution: An Analysis of Factors and Implications
Poverty and income distribution are crucial topics in the field of economics and social sciences. This academic paper aims to examine the factors contributing to poverty and the patterns of income distribution in society. By analyzing empirical evidence and scholarly research, the paper will shed light on the causes and consequences of poverty, as well as the impact of income inequality on economic growth and social well-being.
To accomplish this, the paper will draw upon a variety of reliable and authoritative sources. Three key references that will be cited include:
Author et al. (Year). Title of Article. Journal of Economics. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of poverty, focusing on factors such as education, employment, social policies, and demographic characteristics.Researcher (Year). Book Title. Publisher. This book offers an in-depth exploration of income distribution patterns and their implications for social justice, economic development, and public policy. It examines different theories and models explaining income inequality and presents empirical evidence from various countries.Organization Report (Year). Title of Report. Publisher. This report provides statistical data and analysis on poverty rates, income disparities, and policy interventions at the national and international levels. It offers insights into the effectiveness of poverty alleviation programs and the role of government policies in promoting equitable income distribution.By integrating the findings from these references, the paper will offer a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between poverty and income distribution. It will provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders interested in addressing poverty and promoting more equitable income distribution in society.
This academic paper will critically examine the factors influencing poverty and income distribution. By citing authoritative references and conducting a thorough analysis, it aims to contribute to the existing knowledge on these important social and economic issues. The findings will shed light on effective policy interventions and strategies to combat poverty and promote equitable income distribution for a more just and prosperous society.
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A German importer needs to pay US$1,000,000 to its US supplier in one month’s time. What will be the cost of payment in € by fixing the payment with certainty today? What is the difference from the rate quoted at the spot market?
The spot exchange rate between the Euro and the Sterling Pound is 1.1299-1.1312. The three month Euro deposits interest rate is 5.64% while the three month Sterling Pound interest rate is 4.86%. A Cypriot importer has to pay in three months a total of Stg£250,000 to its UK supplier. What is the expected forward rate to be quoted by his bank and what will be his total cost in Euros?
To determine the cost of payment in Euros for a German importer needing to pay US$1,000,000 to its US supplier in one month, we need to consider the spot exchange rate between the Euro and the US Dollar
To calculate the cost of payment in Euros for the German importer, we need to convert US$1,000,000 to Euros using the spot exchange rate. Let's assume the spot exchange rate is 1.1299-1.1312 Euros per US Dollar. Taking the midpoint of the range, the conversion rate is approximately 1.1306 Euros per US Dollar. Therefore, the cost of payment in Euros would be 1,000,000 US Dollars multiplied by 1.1306, resulting in the cost in Euros.
To calculate the difference from the spot market rate, we need to compare the spot exchange rate with the rate used for the payment in Euros. If the spot exchange rate differs from the rate used for payment, there will be a difference in the cost of payment. The exact difference can be calculated by subtracting the spot exchange rate from the payment rate and multiplying it by the amount being paid in US Dollars.
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Light Up My Life (LUML) Lighting is a manufacturer of low-energy lightbulbs for consumers. They are getting ready to launch their new product, a LED bulb which uses only 10% of the energy of a traditional bulb. Their initial entry will be in the Czech Republic, a market that consists of approximately 4.3 million households. Based on their test market, they anticipate achieving ACV of 69%, awareness of 42%, and a trial rate of 24%. Of those who try the new bulb, results from the test market indicate 49% of those trying it will buy an additional 9 bulbs during the coming year. The bulbs generate a margin of 1.45 Euros each. LUML is planning on spending 630 thousand Euros in marketing expenditures in support of the LED bulb to achieve these goals.
Debbie Boone, the Czech Country Manager for LUML, is considering adding a Point of Purchase (POP) end-aisle display for two of the largest chain stores. She estimates that this will improve the trial rate to 45% overall and the displays and other costs associated with the effort are expected to run approximately 200,000 Euros.
What is the net contribution of the POP end-aisle display? _ Euros
The net contribution of the POP end-aisle display for LUML's LED bulb net contribution of the POP end-aisle display would be approximately 489,369 Euros (689,369 Euros - 200,000 Euros).
In more detail, with the POP end-aisle display, the trial rate is expected to improve from 24% to 45%. Considering the initial market size of 4.3 million households, the increase in trial rate would result in approximately 967,500 households trying the new LED bulb.
Based on the test market results, 49% of those who try the bulb are predicted to purchase an additional 9 bulbs during the year. Therefore, the display would lead to around 474,525 additional bulb sales (967,500 households * 45% trial rate * 49% purchase rate * 9 bulbs).
Each bulb generates a margin of 1.45 Euros, so the increased sales would contribute approximately 689,369 Euros (474,525 bulbs * 1.45 Euros).
Considering the cost of the display and associated expenses, which amounts to 200,000 Euros, the net contribution of the POP end-aisle display would be approximately 489,369 Euros (689,369 Euros - 200,000 Euros).
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Although you are employed full time and earn a good salary, your household expenses keep accumulating. You decide to start a side hustle to generate extra income, and want to do proper research rather than just jumping in. Required Prepare a business plan to discuss with, and convince, your family to create this new venture as a family business, to get their support, and to show each member of the family how they can have a role and duties.
By presenting a well-prepared business plan to my family, I aim to gain their support and demonstrate how each member can contribute with specific roles and duties.
To address our household expenses and create an additional source of income, I propose establishing a family business that leverages our skills, resources, and interests. By involving the entire family, we can not only generate extra income but also strengthen our bond and instill a sense of shared responsibility. To gain their support and illustrate the potential benefits, I will present a well-structured business plan that outlines the purpose, strategies, and expected outcomes of the venture.
The business plan will include a thorough market analysis, identifying potential customers and competitors in our chosen industry. It will highlight the unique selling points of our family business, emphasizing the advantages we have over existing players in the market. Additionally, I will outline the specific roles and duties each family member can undertake based on their individual strengths and interests. This will ensure that everyone feels valued and involved, and it will provide a clear framework for the division of responsibilities.
Furthermore, the plan will include a detailed financial projection, outlining the potential revenue streams and expected expenses. By presenting a realistic assessment of the income we can generate through the family business, I aim to address any concerns about financial viability and demonstrate the potential for growth over time. This will help reassure my family members that the side hustle is a worthwhile endeavor that can have a positive impact on our financial situation.
Overall, by presenting a well-prepared business plan that emphasizes the benefits, involvement, and clear roles for each family member, I aim to gain the support and participation of my family in starting a side hustle as a family business. Through open communication and collaboration, we can work together to achieve our financial goals while strengthening our family ties.
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Economists use the model of aggregate supply and aggregate demand (AS-AD model) to explain short run fluctuations of GDP around its long run trend. iv) Explain why, in the AS-AD model, the long run aggregate supply curve is fixed or vertical. [10 marks] v) List and briefly explain the three reasons why, in the AS-AD model, the aggregate demand curve is downward sloping. [15 marks] vi) What is stagflation? With the aid of a diagram, explain how a decrease in short run aggregate supply results in stagflation. [20 marks] vii) When an economy experiences stagflation, the government may decide to use fiscal policy to shift the aggregate demand (AD) curve. When they do this by increasing government spending, there is a crowding out effect. Explain what this means. [20 marks]
iv) In the AS-AD model, the long-run aggregate supply curve is fixed or vertical because of the assumption that in the long run, output is determined by the factors of production (land, labor, capital, and technology) that are available.
While the short-run supply curve is upward sloping, the long-run supply curve is vertical since, in the long run, the economy will have adjusted to the changes in prices and wages.
v) The aggregate demand curve is downward sloping in the AS-AD model because of the following three reasons:i) The real wealth effect: When the price level falls, the purchasing power of households increases, allowing them to buy more goods and services.
ii) The interest rate effect: A fall in the price level will result in a decrease in interest rates, which will increase investment spending and consumption.
iii) The foreign trade effect: When prices fall, exports increase and imports decrease, causing an increase in net exports.
vi) Stagflation refers to a situation in which there is both high inflation and high unemployment. A decrease in short-run aggregate supply results in stagflation because it leads to an increase in both the price level and unemployment. The diagram below explains how a decrease in short-run aggregate supply results in stagflation.
vii) When the government uses fiscal policy to shift the aggregate demand curve by increasing government spending, there is a crowding-out effect. This means that an increase in government spending will cause interest rates to rise, which will lead to a decrease in investment spending. As a result, the increase in government spending may have less of an impact on the economy than intended. This crowding-out effect can also occur when the government increases its borrowing.
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Tesla's manager is not satisfied with the RO that the division achieved this year. What can he do to improve the return on investment? Multiple Choice Increase investment in assets and keep net income
To improve ROI for Tesla's division, the manager should focus on enhancing operational efficiency, increasing sales and revenue, controlling costs, optimizing pricing, investing in R&D, maximizing asset utilization, seeking strategic partnerships, and fostering employee development and engagement.
To improve the return on investment (ROI) for Tesla's division, the manager can implement various strategies that focus on maximizing profitability and optimizing the utilization of assets. While increasing investment in assets and keeping net income are potential options, there are other key considerations that can be explored to enhance ROI.
Enhancing Operational Efficiency: The manager can focus on improving operational efficiency by streamlining processes, reducing waste, and optimizing resource allocation. This can be achieved through lean management practices, automation, and continuous improvement initiatives. By maximizing productivity and minimizing costs, the division can generate higher returns on the invested capital.
Increasing Sales and Revenue: To improve ROI, the manager can focus on expanding market share and increasing sales revenue. This can be achieved through effective marketing strategies, product innovation, and expanding distribution channels. By capturing a larger market share and increasing sales volume, the division can generate higher returns on the invested capital.
Cost Control and Expense Management: The manager should closely monitor and control costs to improve profitability. This includes managing variable and fixed costs, negotiating favorable terms with suppliers, and implementing cost-saving measures. By controlling expenses, the division can increase net income and ultimately improve ROI.
Pricing Optimization: The manager can assess pricing strategies to ensure they align with market demand and maximize profitability. By analyzing customer behavior, competitor pricing, and cost structures, the manager can determine optimal price points that maximize revenue and profitability. Effective pricing strategies can positively impact ROI by increasing margins.
R&D and Innovation: Investing in research and development (R&D) can lead to product innovation and differentiation, allowing the division to gain a competitive advantage. By introducing new and improved products, Tesla can attract more customers and potentially command higher prices, resulting in increased sales revenue and improved ROI.
Asset Utilization: The manager should evaluate the division's asset utilization and identify opportunities to optimize their use. This includes assessing production capacity, inventory management, and asset turnover ratios. By maximizing the efficient use of assets, such as manufacturing facilities and equipment, the division can increase productivity and generate higher returns on the invested capital.
Strategic Partnerships and Collaborations: The manager can explore strategic partnerships and collaborations with other companies in the industry. This can provide access to new markets, technologies, or distribution networks, which can lead to increased sales and improved ROI.
Employee Development and Engagement: Investing in employee development and fostering a positive work culture can improve productivity and efficiency. Engaged and motivated employees are more likely to contribute innovative ideas, drive performance, and improve overall divisional ROI.
In conclusion, to improve ROI for Tesla's division, the manager should focus on enhancing operational efficiency, increasing sales and revenue, controlling costs, optimizing pricing, investing in R&D, maximizing asset utilization, seeking strategic partnerships, and fostering employee development and engagement. By implementing these strategies, the division can achieve higher profitability and ultimately improve its return on investment.
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Given the following data on a hardware item stocked by Andreas Wieland's paint store in Copenhagen, should the quantity discount be taken? D = 8,820 units; S = $15; H = $6; P = $2 Discount price = $1.
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model is applied to decide whether or not to take a quantity discount. Given the following data on a hardware item stocked by Andreas Wieland's paint store in Copenhagen, the discount should be taken if the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) exceeds the discount quantity of 8820 units.
Formula to calculate the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)EOQ = √((2DS)/(H))where D is the annual demand, S is the cost of ordering, H is the holding cost, P is the price of the item EOQ = √((2DS)/(H))= √((2 × 8820 × $15)/($6))= √(2646000/6)= √441000= 663.33 units The discount price is only available if orders of 8820 units or more are placed. Therefore, the discount should be taken if EOQ exceeds the discount quantity of 8820 units, which it does not. So, the quantity discount should not be taken.
H is the holding cost, P is the price of the item EOQ = √((2DS)/(H))= √((2 × 8820 × $15)/($6))= √(2646000/6)= √441000= 663.33 units The discount price is only available if orders of 8820 units or more are placed. Therefore, the discount should be taken if EOQ exceeds the discount quantity of 8820 units, which it does not. So, the quantity discount should not be taken. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model is applied to decide whether or not to take a quantity discount. Given the following data on a hardware item stocked by Andreas Wieland's paint store in Copenhagen, the discount should be taken if the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) exceeds the discount quantity of 8820 units.
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Assume a proposed project under consideration by the James River Co. requires $28,900 in fixed assets. The firm plans to ignore bonus depreciation and instead apply straight-line depreciation to zero over the asset's 6-year life. An aftertax salvage value of $5,400 is expected. The project will produce an annual operating cash flow of $7,300 and will require net working capital of $500 initially plus an additional $500 in Year 3. Net working capital will be restored to its original level when the project ends at the end of Year 6. The tax rate is 21 percent and the required rate of return is 14 percent. What is the net present value of this project?
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project, we need to calculate the present value (PV) of the project's cash flows and compare it to the initial investment. The formula for NPV is:
NPV = PV of Cash Flows - Initial Investment
Let's calculate the PV of the cash flows:
Year 0:
Initial Investment = -$28,900 (outflow)
Years 1-6:
Operating Cash Flow = $7,300 (inflow)
Year 6:
Salvage Value = $5,400 (inflow)
Net Working Capital:
Year 0: -$500 (outflow)
Year 3: -$500 (outflow)
Year 6: +$500 (inflow)
Using a required rate of return of 14% and a tax rate of 21%, we can calculate the PV of the cash flows using the following formula:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
Where CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the time period.
Calculating the PV of the cash flows:
Year 0:
PV of Initial Investment = -$28,900 / (1 + 0.14)^0 = -$28,900
Years 1-6:
PV of Operating Cash Flow = $7,300 / (1 + 0.14)^1 + $7,300 / (1 + 0.14)^2 + $7,300 / (1 + 0.14)^3 + $7,300 / (1 + 0.14)^4 + $7,300 / (1 + 0.14)^5 + $7,300 / (1 + 0.14)^6 = $35,254.27
Year 6:
PV of Salvage Value = $5,400 / (1 + 0.14)^6 = $2,357.94
Net Working Capital:
PV of Net Working Capital = -$500 / (1 + 0.14)^0 + -$500 / (1 + 0.14)^3 + $500 / (1 + 0.14)^6 = -$1,089.50
Now, we can calculate the NPV:
NPV = PV of Cash Flows - Initial Investment
= ($35,254.27 + $2,357.94 - $1,089.50) - $28,900
= $8,622.71 - $28,900
= -$20,277.29
The net present value (NPV) of this project is -$20,277.29. Since the NPV is negative, it indicates that the project is expected to generate a return lower than the required rate of return of 14%. Therefore, based on NPV analysis, the project may not be considered favorable for investment.
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[tex]-$28,900 / (1 + 14%)^0 = -$28,900[/tex]
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
I. An investor who pays no tax would be more likely to accept the view that high dividends increase stock values rather than the view that low dividends increase stock values.
II. corporation announces a large increase in its annual dividend, but its stock price declines. This could result from bird-in-the-hand theory.
III. Assume that the tax on dividends and the tax on capital gains is the same. All else equal, a prudent investor would prefer dividends because a dollar today is always worth more than a dollar to be received in the future.
IV. If John owns 5% of XYZ corporation before its 2 for 1 stock split, John will own 5% of XYZ corporation after the stock split as well
Among the given statements, statement II is TRUE. The other statements (I, III, and IV) are FALSE.
I. This statement is FALSE. An investor who pays no tax would not be more likely to accept the view that high dividends increase stock values. The perception of how dividends affect stock values is not solely determined by tax considerations but also by factors like the investor's risk preferences and market expectations.
II. This statement is TRUE. According to the bird-in-the-hand theory, investors value dividends more than potential capital gains. A large increase in annual dividends, which indicates higher current income, may not necessarily lead to an increase in stock price if investors value immediate cash flows (dividends) more than future capital gains.
III. This statement is FALSE. It is not universally true that a prudent investor would prefer dividends over capital gains. The preference depends on various factors, including the investor's investment objectives, time horizon, and tax considerations. Different investors may have different preferences regarding the timing and nature of cash flows.
IV. This statement is FALSE. In a 2-for-1 stock split, the number of shares owned by an investor doubles, but the ownership percentage remains the same. Therefore, if John owns 5% of XYZ corporation before the stock split, he would still own 5% of the corporation after the stock split.
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The correct answer is given. I need you to show me the steps and formulas that will give me the answer. I do not want a written explanation of how to answer this, I need you to show me step by step. If you were the one that answered this the last time I posted it, please do not answer this again.Consider an advertising monopolist that faces a market demand function P(Q,B) = 690 -0.5Q+B0.5 and has the separable cost fun
: Consider an advertising monopolist that faces a market demand function P(Q,B) = 690 -0.5Q+B0.5 and has the separable cost function C(Q,B) = 15Q+ B, where Q is the units of production and B is the units of advertising. The units of advertising have been scaled so that they have a constant cost of $1 per unit. The profit function is: (Q,B) = (690 – 0.5Q + B0.5) Q - 15Q-B. What is the profit-maximizing units of advertising, B? A. 637875.0 B. 227812.5 C. 592312.5 D. 410062.5 E. 455625.0
The profit-maximizing units of advertising, B is 592312.5 units.
Profit function is given by:(Q,B) = (690 – 0.5Q + B0.5)Q - 15Q - B
It is required to determine the profit-maximizing units of advertising,
Therefore, we need to maximize the profit function with respect to B, for which we take the first order condition.
The first order condition (FOC) for profit maximization is given by the following expression:∂(Q,B)/∂B = 0∂/∂B[(690 – 0.5Q + B0.5)Q - 15Q - B] = 0
Differentiating the profit function with respect to B yields:(690 – 0.5Q + B0.5)Q - 15Q - 1 = 0
Expanding the first term and solving for Q, we obtain:Q = [15 + (1/B0.5)](690/1.5) = 6900/3B0.5 + 150
This expression for Q can now be substituted back into the profit function to obtain an expression for the profit as a function of B:
Profit = (690 – 0.5[6900/3B0.5 + 150] + B0.5)[6900/3B0.5 + 150] - 15[6900/3B0.5 + 150] - B
The derivative of this expression with respect to B is
Profit' = -3450/B1.5 + 345/(B0.5)[(2B0.5 + 150)(690 - 0.5[6900/3B0.5 + 150] + B0.5) - 15(2B0.5 + 150) - 1] = 0
Simplifying this expression, we obtain:(2B0.5 + 150)(345/B0.5) = 690 - 0.5[6900/3B0.5 + 150] + B0.5 + 15(2B0.5 + 150)
Solving for B, we obtain:B = 592312.5 (rounded off to the nearest unit).
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national insurance company has 200,000 shares authorized, 161,000 shares issued, and 40,000 shares of treasury stock. the number of shares outstanding is:
In the given statement, national insurance company has 121,000 shares outstanding.
National insurance company has 121,000 shares outstanding. Explanation: Shares outstanding refer to the shares of a corporation that have been sold and are owned by shareholders. These shares are held by shareholders and are not available for trading. The number of outstanding shares is calculated by subtracting treasury shares from issued shares. The issued shares include both outstanding shares and treasury stock. National insurance company has 200,000 shares authorized, 161,000 shares issued, and 40,000 shares of treasury stock. Therefore, the number of outstanding shares is calculated by subtracting the number of treasury stock from the number of issued shares. Outstanding shares = Issued shares - Treasury stock Outstanding shares = 161,000 - 40,000Outstanding shares = 121,000.
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how would a shift from a tight credit policy to a relaxed policy be likely to affect a firm’s cash budget?
A shift from a tight credit policy to a relaxed policy can have a significant impact on a firm's cash budget. This shift would allow customers to purchase goods or services on credit more easily, which would lead to an increase in sales and revenue.
However, it would also lead to an increase in accounts receivable, which would put pressure on the firm's cash flow. Customers who are granted credit may take longer to pay their bills, which can cause delays in the cash receipts cycle. This delay can cause a mismatch between the inflow of cash from sales and the outflow of cash to suppliers, employees, and other expenses, leading to cash flow problems.
In the short run, a relaxed credit policy may lead to a cash shortfall, which could be addressed by borrowing or cutting expenses. In the long run, the shift could be beneficial if the firm is able to maintain its increased sales and revenue while managing its accounts receivable effectively.
Overall, the shift from a tight credit policy to a relaxed policy requires careful consideration and monitoring of its impact on the firm's cash budget. It is important to keep track of cash flow projections and adjust the credit policy as needed to ensure that the firm remains financially stable.
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a T. XYZ corporation has a marketing division, a manufacturing division, and an R&D division. Separate divisions each handle HRM, accounting, and distribution responsibilities. XYZ's structure can be best described as -type structure. a O regional O product hybrid O functional O network
Functional structure is a type of organizational structure in which people are grouped by the functions they perform within an organization.
In this type of structure, separate departments are created to deal with specific tasks or activities. Each department or function will have a head who reports directly to the CEO. Each department will be divided into different sub-departments depending on the needs of the organization, and each sub-department will have a team leader who reports to the department head. The main answer is: functional, The structure of XYZ corporation can be best described as functional type structure.
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How would each of the following affect the market supply curve for tobacco plant in North Carolina? Show your answers graphically and briefly explain the rationale behind the shift.
a. A drought sweeps theough the state
b. There is a hike in the price of fertilizer
c. A new and improved crop rotation technique is discovered.
d. The government withdraws current tax breaks from tobacco farmers.
Market Supply Curve:
The market supply curve is the total supply of all producers in the industry. It depicts the relationship between the quantity of a commodity supplied and the market price of the commodity.
A. A drought sweeps through the stateThe effect of drought on tobacco farming would be a decrease in supply because a drought would result in the decrease in the amount of tobacco available for sale in market.
B. There is a hike in the price of fertilizerIf there is a hike in the price of fertilizer, the cost of producing tobacco will increase because fertilizer is an essential ingredient in growing tobacco.
C. A new and improved crop rotation technique is discovered.A new and improved crop rotation technique would lead to an increase in supply.
D. The cost of production will increase because tobacco farmers would have to pay more taxes. This will lead to a decrease in supply and a shift of the supply curve to the left side.
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(0.5 points) When a union leader speaks out against a government program, they woning in which of the following? A. union organizing B. social unionism C. unfair labour practices D. grievance procedur
When a union leader speaks out against a government program, they are engaging in social unionism.
Social unionism refers to the involvement of unions in broader social and political issues beyond the traditional scope of workplace-related concerns. It involves union leaders advocating for their members and the broader working class on issues such as government policies, social justice, economic inequality, and public welfare.
By speaking out against a government program, a union leader is expressing their opinion and taking a stance on a matter that goes beyond immediate workplace-related grievances or concerns. They are leveraging their position and influence to address larger societal issues and advocate for the interests and rights of union members and workers in general.
It is important to note that while union leaders may speak out against government programs, this does not necessarily imply that the government program in question involves unfair labor practices or a specific grievance procedure. The focus is on addressing broader social and political issues from a union perspective.
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when wal-mart orders extra batteries because a hurricane is traveling toward houston, this type of inventory is typically called:
When Wal-Mart orders extra batteries because a hurricane is traveling toward Houston, this type of inventory is typically called emergency inventory.
When Wal-Mart orders extra batteries because a hurricane is traveling toward Houston, this type of inventory is typically called emergency inventory. The emergency inventory is a type of safety stock that is required to meet any sudden increase in demand or to manage any risk that might occur due to any natural disaster or emergencies. In simple terms, it is an extra amount of inventory that a company keeps in stock to meet unanticipated demand or handle unforeseen risks such as a natural disaster like a hurricane. The safety stock, or emergency inventory, is stock that is kept to ensure that the unexpected changes in demand can be managed. The inventory includes goods or supplies that may be required to help to deal with any potential emergency situations such as natural disasters or accidents.The safety stock is an essential component of inventory management. A company must make sure that it has enough inventory to ensure that it can respond quickly to any changes in demand. For example, when Wal-Mart orders extra batteries because a hurricane is traveling toward Houston, the emergency inventory is kept as a buffer to manage the unforeseen demand for batteries.The safety stock is not limited to batteries or other emergency supplies. It is used in every industry where demand forecasting and planning are required. The amount of safety stock maintained depends on various factors, such as the cost of holding inventory, the frequency of demand fluctuations, and the lead time required to procure the stock.The safety stock should not be seen as an alternative to proper planning. Companies should ensure that they are prepared for any potential risks by developing robust risk management plans and business continuity plans.
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BluRay Inc: decided to sell DemandTV Ltd., a subsidiary, on September 30, 2021. There is a formal plan to dispose of the business component, and the sale qualifies for discontinued operations treatment. Pertinent data on the operations of Demand TV are as follows: loss from operations from beginning of year to September 30, $1.9 million (net of tax of $700,000); loss from operations from September 30 to end of 2021, $700,000 (net of tax of $250,000); estimated loss on disposal of net assets to December 31, 2021 (net of tax of $50,000), $150,000. The year end is December 31. BluRay prepares financial statements in accordance with IFRS. Required: A. What is the net income/loss from discontinued operations reported in 2021?
the net income/loss from discontinued operations reported in 2021 for BluRay Inc. is a loss of $1,750,000.
To determine the net income/loss from discontinued operations reported in 2021 for BluRay Inc., we need to calculate the total of the loss from operations and the estimated loss on disposal of net assets.
Loss from operations from the beginning of the year to September 30: $1.9 million (net of tax of $700,000)
Loss from operations from September 30 to the end of 2021: $700,000 (net of tax of $250,000)
Estimated loss on disposal of net assets to December 31, 2021: $150,000 (net of tax of $50,000)
Net income/loss from discontinued operations reported in 2021:
= (Loss from operations from the beginning of the year to September 30) + (Loss from operations from September 30 to the end of 2021) + (Estimated loss on disposal of net assets to December 31, 2021)
= ($1.9 million - $700,000) + ($700,000 - $250,000) + ($150,000 - $50,000)
= $1.2 million + $450,000 + $100,000
= $1,750,000
Therefore, the net income/loss from discontinued operations reported in 2021 for BluRay Inc. is a loss of $1,750,000.
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The unique cost(s) associated with the level production strategy is(are): A. Hiring and Firing cost B. Inventory cost C. Production cost D. Transportation cost
Inventory cost (B) is the special expense connected with the level production strategy.
No matter how the demand changes over time, the level production strategy seeks to maintain a constant output rate. In order for the inventory to remain constant with this technique, products must be produced at a consistent rate. As a result, inventory cost (B) is the main expense related to the level production plan.
Costs associated with hiring and firing employees (A) are not specific to the level production strategy but are more pertinent to plans that entail modifying the workforce in response to changing levels of demand. The goal of the level production strategy is to maintain a constant pace of production while minimizing the frequency of hiring and firing.
Any production strategy, including the level production plan, is subject to the general cost known as "production cost" (C). It includes costs for labour and raw materials.
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Units arrive at a center at a rate of 20/hour. Service time is 2.4 minutes per unit for an employee and all employees work separately. If each employee costs 20/hour and it costs $30 for every hour a unit is in the center, how many employees should be hired to minimize costs?
The rate at which units arrive at the center = 20/hourService time per unit = 2.4 minutes = 2.4/60 = 0.04 hoursThe cost of each employee = $20/hourThe cost of every unit being in the center = $30/hourWe need to find out the number of employees should be hired to minimize costs.
To find the minimum number of employees required, we need to use the following formula:Total cost = Cost of employees + Cost of units being in the centerCost of employees = No. of employees × time for each unit to be processed × Cost per employeeCost of units being in the center = No. of units × Cost of units being in the center /hourLet "x" be the number of employees required to minimize the cost. Therefore, the cost of employees will be = x × 0.04 × $20 = $0.8x.Now, we need to calculate the cost of units being in the center.
Now, the average waiting time for each unit would be (using Little's Law):Number of units in the system = Arrival rate × time spent in the systemTherefore, if there are "n" units in the system at any given time, then,20 × time spent in the system = n.As per the Little's law, the average number of units in the system (L) is equal to the arrival rate multiplied by the average time spent in the system. That is:L = Arrival rate × average time spent in the systemL = 20 × (0.04 + waiting time)Now, the cost of each unit being in the system is $30/hour. the total cost formula:Total cost = $0.8x + ($24 + $600 × waiting time)Therefore, the total cost can be considered as a function of "waiting time" and is given by the formula:Total cost = $0.8x + ($24 + $600 × waiting time)Now, we need to find the waiting time that would result in the minimum total cost.Therefore, the minimum total cost would be:Total cost = $0.8 × 10 + ($24 + $600 × 10) = $6088.Long answer.
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The Gateway Company’s physical inventory at 12/31 was $10,000.
In addition, two in-transit items existed:
A $350 item purchased from a vendor; FOB Shipping
A $200 item sold to a customer; FOB Shipp
It seems that the information provided is incomplete. Could you please provide
the missing information regarding the in-transit items? Specifically, we need to know the FOB terms (FOB Shipping Point or FOB Destination) for both the purchase and sale transactions. Additionally, if there is any other relevant information regarding the in-transit items, please provide that as well. This will help in determining the appropriate treatment for these items in the context of Gateway Company's physical inventory.
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McCabe Corporation issued $560,000 of 7% 10-year bonds. The bonds are dated and sold on January 1, 20X1. Interest payment dates are January 1 and July 1. The bonds are issued for $521,724 to yield the market interest rate of 8%. Using the effective-interest method, what is the amount of interest expense that McCabe Corporation will record on July 1, 20X1, the first semiannual interest payment date? (All amounts rounded to the nearest dollar.) A. $39,200 # B. $20,869 C. $22,400 D. $19,600
The amount of interest expense that McCabe Corporation will record on July 1, 20X1, the first semiannual interest payment date, using the effective-interest method is $19,600.
The effective-interest method is a procedure for calculating the interest expense of a bond issued at a discount or a premium over its face value. This technique is based on the market interest rate at the time the bond is sold, which is used to calculate the bond's present value. It is also known as the interest method.The given details are:Bond face value (FV) = $560,000Annual coupon rate (CR) = 7%Semi-annual coupon payment (PM) = (7% x 560,000) / 2 = $19,600Issue price = $521,724Market interest rate (YTM) = 8%The effective-interest rate is the market interest rate applied to the bond's carrying value to determine interest expense. It is the interest rate that is used to calculate the bond's present value at the time it is sold.Effective-Interest rate formula:Effective-interest rate = (1 + (YTM / m))m – 1where m = number of coupon periods per yearEffective-interest rate = (1 + (8%/2))^2 – 1 = 8.16%Calculation of Interest Expense on July 1, 20X1:Interest Expense = carrying value x effective-interest rate x 6/12 (since semiannual periods)Carrying value on July 1, 20X1 = Issue price + (interest accrued from January 1, 20X1 to July 1, 20X1)Carrying value on July 1, 20X1 = $521,724 + $19,600 = $541,324Interest Expense = $541,324 x 8.16% x 6/12Interest Expense = $19,600Hence, the amount of interest expense that McCabe Corporation will record on July 1, 20X1, the first semiannual interest payment date, using the effective-interest method is $19,600.
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what is the present value of the annual interest payments on a 20-year, $1,000 par value bond with a 5 percent coupon paid annually, if the yield on similar bonds is 10 percent?
The present value of the annual interest payments on a 20-year, $1,000 par value bond with a 5 percent coupon paid annually can be calculated using the present value formula. The formula is:
PV = C / (1 + r)^t
where PV is the present value of the interest payments, C is the coupon payment ($50 in this case), r is the yield on similar bonds (10% in this case), and t is the number of years until the bond matures (20 years in this case).
So, the present value of the annual interest payments would be:
PV = $50 / (1 + 0.1)^1 + $50 / (1 + 0.1)^2 + ... + $50 / (1 + 0.1)^20
Calculating this equation yields a present value of approximately $360.
Therefore, the present value of the annual interest payments on this bond is $360 if the yield on similar bonds is 10 percent.
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Movie Manager
Julia Sanchez is the manager of Stanford's traditional Sunday Flicks. Each Sunday a film
has two showings. The admission price is deliberately set at a very low $2. A maximum
of 500 tickets is sold for each showing. The rental of the auditorium is $220 and labor is
$290, including $60 for Sanchez. Sanchez must pay the film distributor a guarantee,
ranging from $200 to $600 or 50% of gross admission receipts, whichever is higher.
Before and during the show, refreshments are sold; these sales average 12% of gross
admission receipts and yield a contribution margin of 40%.
1. On June 3, Sanchez played Forrest Gump. The film grossed $1,500. The guarantee to
the distributor was $500, or 50% of gross admission receipts, whichever is higher.
What operating income was produced for the Students' Association, which sponsored
the showings?
2. Recompute the results if the film grossed $900.
3. The "four-wall" concept is increasingly being adopted by movie producers. In this
plan, the movie's producer pays a fixed rental to the theater owner for, say, a week's
showing of a movie. As a theater owner, how would you evaluate a "four-wall" offer?
Movie Manager Julia Sanchez is the manager of Stanford's traditional Sunday Flicks. Each Sunday a film has two showings.
Operating income produced for the Students' Association: $548. ($1,048 revenue - $500 distributor guarantee)
Explanation: The Students' Association earned $1,048 in revenue from admissions and refreshment sales. After deducting the $500 distributor guarantee, the operating income amounted to $548.
Operating income produced for the Students' Association: $448. ($1,048 revenue - $600 distributor guarantee)
Explanation: If b the Students' Association earned $1,048 in revenue. With a higher distributor guarantee of $600, the operating income decreased to $448.
Evaluation of "four-wall" offer depends on the fixed rental amount, covering expenses, potential audience, and revenue sources.
Explanation: Assessing the fixed rental amount is crucial to ensure it covers costs like auditorium rental and labor. Additionally, considering the movie's audience potential and revenue from ticket sales and refreshments helps determine the viability of a "four-wall" offer. Other factors like the movie's popularity and market conditions should also be taken into account for a comprehensive evaluation.
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A barbeque is listed for $614.29 less 34%, 12%, 8%. (a) What is the net price? (b) What is the total amount of discount allowed? (c) What is the exact single rate of discount that was allowed? ACCOR (a) The net price is $ (Round the final answer to the nearest cent as needed. Round all intermediate values to six decimal places as needed.) (b) The total amount of discount allowed is $. (Round the final answer to the nearest cent as needed. Round all intermediate values to six decimal places as needed.) (c) The single rate of discount that was allowed is%. (Round the final answer to two decimal places as needed. Round all intermediate values to six decimal places as needed.)
The single rate of discount that was allowed is 73.74%.
The given barbeque is listed for $614.29, and it is less 34%, 12%, 8%. We have to find the net price, total amount of discount allowed and the exact single rate of discount that was allowed. Calculation: Let's start with finding the discount rate:D = 34% + 12% + 8%D = 54% = 0.54
The amount of discount allowed is calculated by multiplying the discount rate by the listed price of the barbeque.A = D × L = 0.54 × 614.29A = 331.20 + 73.71 + 49.14A = 453.05 Therefore, the total amount of discount allowed is $453.05. Now, the net price can be calculated by subtracting the total discount amount from the listed price of the barbeque.Net price = L - ANet price = 614.29 - 453.05Net price = 161.24
The net price is $161.24. The exact single rate of discount that was allowed can be calculated as follows:Discount rate = (Total discount amount / Listed price) × 100%Discount rate = (453.05 / 614.29) × 100%Discount rate = 73.74%Therefore, the single rate of discount that was allowed is 73.74%.
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CASE NO#1- SINGLE STEP INCOME STATEMENT, MULTIPLE STEP INCOME STATEMENT AND BALANCE SHEET (EXTRACTS) Lulu Inc. is an multinational retail company that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount depart
Lulu Inc. prepares a single-step income statement, and multiple-step income statement, and extracts them from the balance sheet to report its financial performance and position as a multinational retail company.
(a) Single Step Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2021:
-------------------------------------------------------
Revenue:
Sales OMR 1,050,000
Interest revenue OMR 2,500
-------------------------------------------------------
Total Revenue OMR 1,052,500
Expenses:
Cost of goods sold OMR 415,000
Advertising expenses OMR 60,000
Sales salary expenses OMR 31,000
Purchase returns OMR 10,000
Depreciation expenses: Office equipment OMR 27,000
Office supplies expenses OMR 15,000
Insurance expenses OMR 10,000
Interest expenses OMR 3,300
Freight outwards OMR 9,000
Rent (administrative office) OMR 28,800
Utilities (selling expenses) OMR 4,400
Loss on lawsuit OMR 2,100
Depreciation expenses: Delivery Truck OMR 2,900
Loss on sale of property OMR 2,100
Electricity Expenses for administrative office OMR 10,600
-------------------------------------------------------
Total Expenses OMR 614,300
Net Income (Revenue - Expenses) OMR 438,200
-------------------------------------------------------
(b) Multiple Step Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2021:
-------------------------------------------------------
Revenue:
Sales OMR 1,050,000
Sales discounts OMR 50,000
Sales returns and allowances OMR 10,000
-------------------------------------------------------
Net Sales OMR 990,000
Other Revenues:
Interest revenue OMR 2,500
-------------------------------------------------------
Total RevenueOMR 992,500
Expenses:
Cost of goods sold OMR 415,000
Advertising expenses OMR 60,000
Sales salary expenses OMR 31,000
Purchase returns OMR 10,000
Depreciation expenses: Office equipment OMR 27,000
Office supplies expenses OMR 15,000
Insurance expenses OMR 10,000
Interest expenses OMR 3,300
Freight outwards OMR 9,000
Rent (administrative office) OMR 28,800
Utilities (selling expenses) OMR 4,400
Loss on lawsuit OMR 2,100
Depreciation expenses: Delivery Truck OMR 2,900
Loss on sale of property OMR 2,100
Electricity Expenses for administrative office OMR 10,600
-------------------------------------------------------
Total Expenses OMR 641,300
Net Income (Net Sales - Total Expenses) OMR 351,200
-------------------------------------------------------
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The complete question is: CASE NO#1- SINGLE STEP INCOME STATEMENT, MULTIPLE STEP INCOME STATEMENT, AND BALANCE SHEET (EXTRACTS)
Lulu Inc. is a multinational retail company that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores, headquartered in the Sultanate of Oman. The company provides the following data for the year ended, December 31, 2021.
(Please find attached)
You are required to: (a) Draw up a Single Step Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2021
(b) Draw up a Multiple Step Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2021
Assume a monopolist with marginal costs of 4 and no fixed cost seils to two different groups of by
When a monopolist with marginal costs of 4 and no fixed cost sells to two different groups of buyers, he/she will try to maximize the profit. Hence, the monopolist will try to achieve a price discrimination strategy. The monopolist will sell the good to different groups at different prices depending on the group's willingness to pay.
This is possible when:
1. The monopolist has market power over two groups of consumers who have different elasticities of demand.
2. The monopolist can prevent the consumers from reselling the good from one market to the other.
3. The monopolist can identify the consumer groups and impose a different price on each group.
Hence, to achieve price discrimination, the monopolist must be able to separate the two groups of buyers and charge a different price to each group. Therefore, the monopolist will first identify the groups of consumers. For example, if he/she is selling laptops, the two groups can be students and professionals. The monopolist will then charge a higher price to the group of consumers with a lower price elasticity of demand, i.e. those who are willing to pay more. In this case, professionals are willing to pay more than students, so they will be charged a higher price. On the other hand, students will be charged a lower price.
The monopolist can now sell more units of the good in the market with lower demand (students) at a lower price and fewer units in the market with higher demand (professionals) at a higher price. This way, he/she can maximize profit. Hence, the monopolist will charge a higher price to the group with the lower elasticity of demand (professionals) and a lower price to the group with the higher elasticity of demand (students). Therefore, we can say that when a monopolist with marginal costs of 4 and no fixed cost sells to two different groups of buyers, he/she will try to achieve price discrimination by charging different prices to each group depending on their willingness to pay. The monopolist will charge a higher price to the group with the lower elasticity of demand and a lower price to the group with the higher elasticity of demand.
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An analyst has estimated how a particular stock's return will vary depending on what will happen to the economy:
State of the Economy Probability of State Occurring Stock's Expected Return if this State Occurs
Recession 0.10 -60%
Below Average 0.20 -10%
Average 0.40 15%
Above Average 0.20 40%
Boom 0.10 90% What is the coefficient of variation on the company's stock?
The coefficient of variation on the company's stock is approximately 247.
the coefficient of variation measures the relative risk or volatility of an investment compared to its expected return. it is calculated as the standard deviation divided by the expected return, expressed as a percentage.
to calculate the coefficient of variation on the company's stock, we need to determine the standard deviation of the stock's returns and its expected return.
the expected return is calculated by multiplying each state's probability by its corresponding expected return and summing the results:
expected return = (0.10 * -60%) + (0.20 * -10%) + (0.40 * 15%) + (0.20 * 40%) + (0.10 * 90%)expected return = -6% - 2% + 6% + 8% + 9%
expected return = 15%
next, we calculate the variance of the stock's returns by subtracting the expected return from each state's return, squaring the differences, multiplying them by their respective probabilities, and summing the results:
variance = (0.10 * (-60% - 15%)²) + (0.20 * (-10% - 15%)²) + (0.40 * (15% - 15%)²) + (0.20 * (40% - 15%)²) + (0.10 * (90% - 15%)²)variance = (0.10 * (-75%)²) + (0.20 * (-25%)²) + (0.40 * 0²) + (0.20 * 25%)² + (0.10 * 75%)²
variance = (0.10 * 56.25%) + (0.20 * 6.25%) + (0.40 * 0) + (0.20 * 6.25%) + (0.10 * 56.25%)variance = 5.625% + 1.25% + 0 + 1.25% + 5.625%
variance = 13.75%
the standard deviation is the square root of the variance:
standard deviation = √13.75%standard deviation = 37.07%
finally, we can calculate the coefficient of variation by dividing the standard deviation by the expected return and multiplying by 100%:
coefficient of variation = (37.07% / 15%) * 100%
coefficient of variation = 247.13% 13%.
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Which of the following explains why redistribution occurs during inflation? (4 marks) a) Rising prices fail to signal desirable changes in the mix of output. b) Because all prices do not change at the same rate, people buy different combinations of goods and services and own different combinations of wealth. c) Relative prices remain unchanged. d) All loans are indexed to inflation.
Because all prices do not change at the same rate, people buy different combinations of goods and services and own different combinations of wealth.
During inflation, the general price level of goods and services increases, but not all prices increase at the same rate. Some prices may rise faster than others, leading to changes in consumer behavior. As a result, people buy different combinations of goods and services, and own different combinations of wealth. This can lead to redistribution from some groups to others, as those who own assets that increase in value with inflation (such as real estate) benefit, while those on fixed incomes or holding cash in savings lose out.
Option a) is incorrect because rising prices can signal desirable changes in the mix of output. Higher prices can signal increased demand for certain goods and services, which can incentivize producers to increase production, leading to economic growth.
Option c) is incorrect because relative prices can change during inflation, depending on how much each price increases.
Option d) is incorrect because not all loans are indexed to inflation, so borrowers may be negatively impacted by inflation if they have to pay back more in nominal terms than they borrowed.
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