A bank obtains the money it loans to customers through various sources, including deposits, borrowing from other banks, and issuing bonds.
Banks are financial institutions that facilitate the flow of funds in the economy. When a bank loans money to a customer, it needs to have the funds available to lend. Here are the main sources from which a bank acquires the money it loans to customers:
Deposits: One of the primary sources of funds for banks is customer deposits. When individuals and businesses deposit money into their bank accounts, the bank can use a portion of these funds to provide loans to other customers. Banks pay interest on these deposits, which is one way they attract and retain customers.
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What is and why is the "Theory of Asymmetric Information" so relevant in banking and finance? Explain the two major types of asymmetric information and give examples of specific problems (and potential cures) for asymmetric information in banks, insurance companies, and equity markets.
The theory of asymmetric information is the study of situations where one party in a transaction has more or better information than the other party, which can result in adverse selection and moral hazard.
This theory is highly relevant in banking and finance because it affects the behavior of borrowers and lenders, and can lead to market failure.
In banking, the two major types of asymmetric information are adverse selection and moral hazard. Adverse selection occurs when borrowers with high-risk projects are more likely to seek loans, while borrowers with low-risk projects are more likely to forego loans.
This leads to a situation where lenders are more likely to lend to high-risk borrowers, which increases the likelihood of default and decreases the quality of the loan portfolio.
Moral hazard occurs when borrowers have an incentive to take on more risk because they are protected by insurance or other forms of financial support. This can lead to situations where borrowers engage in risky behavior that ultimately results in default or other negative outcomes
.Examples of specific problems and potential cures for asymmetric information in banks, insurance companies, and equity markets include:
Banking:
Problem: Lenders may have difficulty determining the creditworthiness of borrowers.
Cure: Credit scoring models, financial statement analysis, and collateral requirements can help lenders assess creditworthiness.
Insurance:
Problem: Insured parties may have an incentive to engage in risky behavior, which can lead to higher claims.
Cure: Deductibles, copays, and coinsurance can reduce moral hazard by making insured parties pay a portion of the claim.
Equity Markets:
Problem: Companies may have more information about their prospects than investors.
Cure: Regulatory disclosure requirements can help ensure that companies provide sufficient information to investors. Additionally, analysts and other intermediaries can provide independent research and analysis to help investors make informed decisions.
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Kiranjeet Lc Imc today at 3:07 p.m. wen-reasurieca. Tum rave neen uncer a but ui stress lately because it's been really busy, you have a lot of paperwork to complete, decisions to make and endless meetings to attend. You admit that sometimes you are short-tempered with people. When Chris suggested mediation, you agreed, if it wouldn't take too long. You are somewhat sikeptical about mediation (afraid it could undermine your power). You are an in-house mediator and you work for the same employer as Chris and Robin. You work in the human resources department and this is the first time that you have been asked to mediate a dispute between two employees. You know Robin and respect him very much as a manager. He sat on the hiring committee ten years ago when you were hired by the employer. You feel indebied (feel like you owe him) to him. You do not know Chris at all. Case questions: 1. Do you think it is possible for you to mediate this dispute? Please describe both why and why not you can mediate 2. Identify one possible source of power for Robin? Explain why you choose the source of power 3. Identify one possible source of power for Chris? Explain why you choose the source of power
1. Do you think it is possible for you to mediate this dispute? Please describe both why and why not you can mediateIt is possible for Kiranjeet Lc Imc to mediate this dispute despite being skeptical of mediation and afraid of undermining his power. This is because he works in the human resources department and is an in-house mediator, hence qualified to mediate the dispute.The reason why he can mediate is that he works in a human resources department and has mediation skills. He can effectively use his skills to resolve the dispute between Chris and Robin. Also, it is his duty as an in-house mediator to resolve the dispute between the two employees.The reason why he cannot mediate is that he knows Robin and respects him as a manager. This can make it difficult for him to remain neutral and unbiased during the mediation process. The fact that he owes Robin can also interfere with his ability to mediate the dispute fairly.
2. Identify one possible source of power for Robin? Explain why you choose the source of powerOne possible source of power for Robin is legitimate power. Legitimate power is the power that a person holds by virtue of their position or role in an organization.Robin's legitimate power is derived from the fact that he is a manager. As a manager, Robin has the power to make decisions that affect the work of his subordinates. His position gives him the authority to direct and control the work of the employees. He also has the power to hire, fire, and promote employees. This makes him a source of power in the organization.
3. Identify one possible source of power for Chris? Explain why you choose the source of powerOne possible source of power for Chris is expert power. Expert power is the power that a person holds by virtue of their knowledge, skills, or expertise in a particular area.Chris's expert power is derived from his knowledge of the dispute. He is a party to the dispute and knows the facts of the matter. His expertise in the matter can give him power during the mediation process. He can use his knowledge of the situation to persuade Kiranjeet Lc Imc to see his side of the story and to make decisions that favor him. His expertise can also make him appear more credible during the mediation process, which can be a source of power.
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Which of the following statements regarding the statement of cash flows are correct? The financial statement that is typically prepared first It is an optional financial statement Reports cash disbursements The final financial statement that is typically prepared Reports cash receipts
The statement of cash flows is a required financial statement that provides information about the cash inflows and outflows of a company during a specific period.
Among the statements provided, the following two statements regarding the statement of cash flows are correct:
It is an optional financial statement.
The statement of cash flows is a required financial statement that provides information about the cash inflows and outflows of a company during a specific period. It presents the sources and uses of cash and helps assess a company's liquidity and cash flow management. Unlike some other financial statements, such as the income statement and balance sheet, the statement of cash flows is mandatory for financial reporting purposes.
The final financial statement that is typically prepared.
The statement of cash flows is usually prepared as one of the final financial statements in the financial reporting cycle. After the income statement and balance sheet are prepared, the statement of cash flows is generated to complete the set of financial statements. It summarizes the cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities, providing a comprehensive view of a company's cash position and how cash is generated and utilized.
The remaining statements, namely "The financial statement that is typically prepared first" and "Reports cash disbursements," are not correct. The statement of cash flows is not typically prepared first in the financial reporting cycle, and it reports both cash receipts and cash disbursements
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6. A primary source refers to A. The information is gathered directly through observation, experiments, interviews and surveys B. The information is gathered directly through example, marketing, and surveys C. The information is gathered indirectly through observation, experiments, interviews and surveys D. The information is gathered indirectly through example, marketing, and surveys
A primary source refers to the information that is gathered directly through observation, experiments, interviews, and surveys. A primary source is a firsthand source of information on which researchers and historians rely to learn more about a particular event or occurrence.
For example, a letter written by a historical figure, a diary, a photograph, or a government document can all be considered primary sources. A primary source is significant in research as it provides an authentic, unfiltered account of an event or experience.
It's a first-hand, original source of information that hasn't been interpreted, analyzed, or processed. It contains direct, personal experiences and is considered to be an unbiased and factual representation of the subject matter.
This type of source is useful in providing contextual and detailed information on historical events, cultures, and societies that otherwise wouldn't be available.
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which of the following is true regarding the utilization of the server in a stable single-server queue model?'
Multiple Choice
- Utilization is less than one
- A low service variability will lead to high utilization
- Utilization is greater than one
- A high service variability will lead to high utilization
Utilization is less than one is true regarding the utilization of the server in a stable single-server queue model. The correct answer is a - Utilization is less than one.
In a stable single-server queue model, the utilization of the server is typically less than one. Utilization represents the ratio of the average service time to the average time between arrivals.
If the utilization is greater than one, it indicates that the server is being overloaded, and the system may not be able to handle the incoming workload efficiently.
A low service variability (i.e., consistent and predictable service times) can help maintain high utilization without compromising the performance.
Conversely, a high service variability can lead to inefficiencies and lower utilization as the server may experience idle time due to variations in service times. The correct option is a).
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What information do you need to assign a product to the correct quadrant on the BCG matrix? Relative market share Industry growth rate Market size Market share
To assign a product to the correct quadrant on the BCG matrix, one needs to consider four main aspects which include market share, industry growth rate, market size, and relative market share.
Below is a detailed explanation of each of the mentioned aspects.
Market share: This refers to the percentage of the total market share that a particular product or service controls. The higher the market share, the more profitable the product is likely to be.
Relative market share: This refers to the product's market share relative to the market share of its competitors. A product that has a relatively high market share compared to its competitors is considered to be a market leader.
Industry growth rate: This refers to the rate at which the industry in which the product operates is growing. The higher the growth rate, the more opportunities there are for the product to grow.
Market size: This refers to the size of the market that the product operates in. A larger market size provides more opportunities for growth.
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Demand for Australian salmon is given by Q=24−P, and its supply by Q=8P. Suppose the government imposes a $4 per-unit tax on consumers. What would be the final price that consumers pay?
The final price that consumers pay is $8.
The equilibrium price and quantity of Australian salmon are $6 per unit and 18 units respectively.
Let's examine how to calculate the final price that consumers pay when the government imposes a $4 per unit tax on consumers.
Calculation of price after imposition of tax:P - $4 = 24 - 8PP - 8P
= 20P
= $4P
= $4/2
= $2.00
The equilibrium price was $6 and the tax imposed was $2 so the final price that consumers pay is:
$6 + $2 = $8
Therefore, the final price that consumers pay is $8.
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Barron Industries has the following information Sales Revenue Ending inventory Cost of Goods Sold580,000 $690,000 78,000 Beginning inventory 8,000 What is Barron's number of days to sell? (Round intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places. Assume 365 days a year.)
To calculate Barron Industries' number of days to sell, we can use the following formula:
Number of days to sell = (Ending inventory - Beginning inventory) / (Cost of Goods Sold / 365)
Given the following information:
Ending inventory: $690,000
Beginning inventory: $8,000
Cost of Goods Sold: $78,000
Let's plug these values into the formula:
Number of days to sell = ($690,000 - $8,000) / ($78,000 / 365)
Simplifying the equation:
Number of days to sell = $682,000 / $213.70
Number of days to sell ≈ 3197.81 days
Rounding the intermediate calculation to 2 decimal places, Barron Industries' number of days to sell is approximately 3197.81 days.
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The Barron Industries number of days to sell is approximately 3,200.12 days. The calculation is shown in the attached image below.
The term "industries" refers to the various sectors or branches of economic activity in which businesses operate. Industries encompass a wide range of activities and can be classified based on the type of products or services they provide. Examples of industries include manufacturing, retail, technology, finance, healthcare, transportation, construction, hospitality, and many others. Each industry typically has its own set of characteristics, market dynamics, and specific regulations or standards. Industries play a vital role in the economy, contributing to economic growth, employment generation, and the production of goods and services that meet the needs and demands of consumers and businesses.
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The investment centre of a company has the following relevant actual operating results and variances for operations during fiscal year 2018:
Sales $30,000,000 $2,000,000 unfavourable
Variable COGS 17,500,000 550,000 favourable
Controllable fixed COGS 2,500,000 N/A
Variable S&A expenses 3,250,000 275,000 unfavourable
Controllable fixed S&A expenses 1,500,000 N/A
Average operating assets for the fiscal period were $13,500,000.
Instructions:
Calculate ROI for 2018.
_% round to nearest whole number
Typed numeric answer will be automatically saved.
The ROI for 2018 is approximately 39%. To calculate the Return on Investment (ROI) for 2018, we need to determine the Operating Income and the Average Operating Assets.
Operating Income = Sales - Variable COGS - Controllable fixed COGS - Variable S&A expenses - Controllable fixed S&A expenses
Operating Income = $30,000,000 - $17,500,000 - $2,500,000 - $3,250,000 - $1,500,000
Operating Income = $5,250,000
Average Operating Assets = ($13,500,000 + $13,500,000) / 2
Average Operating Assets = $13,500,000
ROI = (Operating Income / Average Operating Assets) * 100
ROI = ($5,250,000 / $13,500,000) * 100
ROI = 38.89%
Therefore, the ROI for 2018 is approximately 39%.
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In terms of nonverbal communication, which of the following often determines the level of trust and trustworthiness the receiver feels about the sender? Proxemics Kinesics Eye contact Para-language
Nonverbal communication plays a significant role in how people perceive and understand one another. It refers to how people communicate with each other through means other than words, such as facial expressions, body language, gestures, and tone of voice.
In terms of nonverbal communication, the level of trust and trustworthiness the receiver feels about the sender is often determined by eye contact. The following paragraphs explain why.
Eye contact is an essential element of nonverbal communication. It refers to the act of looking directly into another person's eyes when speaking or listening. Eye contact is considered to be an indication of sincerity, honesty, and interest. Research shows that people who make eye contact during conversations are perceived as more trustworthy, confident, and credible than those who do not.
In contrast, people who avoid eye contact during conversations are often perceived as dishonest, untrustworthy, or hiding something. In some cultures, prolonged eye contact is considered rude or intimidating. However, in most Western cultures, eye contact is expected and considered a sign of respect and attentiveness.
Therefore, when trying to establish trust and build relationships with others, it is essential to make eye contact during conversations. This shows the other person that you are interested in what they are saying and that you are a trustworthy and reliable communicator. In conclusion, eye contact often determines the level of trust and trustworthiness the receiver feels about the sender in nonverbal communication.
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Business Process Modeling
As system analyst students will analyze the Business Process Modeling using Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN). The primary goal of the BPMN effort has been to provide a notation that is readily understandable by all business users, from the business analysts that create the initial drafts of the processes, to the technical developers responsible for implementing the technology that will perform those processes, and finally, to the business people who will manage and monitor those processes.
Task 1:
Using BPMN concept, draw a diagram based on following scenario:
A banking transaction is triggered by the ATM machine for withdrawal of money from a customer.
Upon receipt, the transaction must be checked against the money in the account to determine if the request can be fulfilled.
Depending on amount availability in the account the transaction may be confirmed or rejected.
If the transaction is confirmed, the money is withdrawn.
The process completes by archiving the transaction.
Based on the scenario, the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) diagram would look like this:
BPMN is a graphical notation for specifying business processes in a Business Process Model (BPM), allowing users to visualize and understand the processes in a consistent way. The diagram above uses BPMN to show the process of a banking transaction triggered by an ATM machine for withdrawal of money from a customer. Here's a breakdown of the different elements in the diagram:
Start event: The process starts with an ATM machine triggering a banking transaction for money withdrawal.
Task: The transaction is checked against the money in the account to determine if the request can be fulfilled.
Exclusive gateway: Depending on the amount available in the account, the transaction may be confirmed or rejected. If the transaction is rejected, the process ends. If the transaction is confirmed, the process continues.
Service task: Money is withdrawn from the account.
Complete event: The process completes by archiving the transaction.
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The project is to build a miniature Bellagio water fountain attraction for a hotel. This includes a filtered/recycling plumbing system, tiling, concrete, timer, lights, music sensors, and high pressure water spouts. Based on the given scenario, please create a well defined Project Schedule!
Project Schedule:The project schedule includes the essential dates and deadlines for each task required to complete the project on time. The timeline for the miniature Bellagio water fountain attraction project with a filtered/recycling plumbing system, tiling, concrete, timer, lights, music sensors, and high-pressure water spouts is as follows:
Task 1: Site Preparation (4 days)Task 2: Excavation (3 days)Task 3: Concrete Pouring and Setting (10 days)Task 4: Plumbing System Installation (7 days)Task 5: Tiling (5 days)Task 6: High-Pressure Water Spouts Installation (7 days)Task 7: Electrical Wiring and Installation of Timer, Lights, and Music Sensors (6 days)Task 8: Testing and Commissioning (5 days)
Total duration: 47 daysNote that these durations are estimated and are subject to change depending on a variety of factors, including weather conditions, material availability, and unforeseen obstacles.
It's crucial to keep the project schedule up to date throughout the project's lifecycle to ensure that all work is completed on time.
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Lou Barlow, a divisional manager for Sage Company, has an opportunity to manufacture and sell one of two new products for a five-year period. His annual pay raises are determined by his division’s return on investment (ROI), which has exceeded 23% each of the last three years. He has computed the cost and revenue estimates for each product as follows:
Product A Product B
Initial investment: Cost of equipment (zero salvage value) $ 310,000 $ 510,000
Annual revenues and costs: Sales revenues $ 360,000 $ 460,000
Variable expenses $ 164,000 $ 214,000
Depreciation expense $ 62,000 $ 102,000
Fixed out-of-pocket operating costs $ 81,000 $ 65,000
The company’s discount rate is 18%.
1. Calculate the payback period for each product.
2. Calculate the net present value for each product.
3. Calculate the internal rate of return for each product.
4. Calculate the project profitability index for each product.
5. Calculate the simple rate of return for each product.
Product A has a shorter payback period, positive NPV, higher IRR, higher PPI, and higher SRR, making it the better choice.
1. The payback period is the length of time it takes for the initial investment to be recovered. To calculate the payback period, we sum up the annual cash flows until the total becomes equal to or exceeds the initial investment.
For Product A:
Payback period = $310,000 / ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) = 2.07 years
For Product B:
Payback period = $510,000 / ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) = 2.44 years
2. Net present value (NPV) represents the present value of cash inflows minus the present value of cash outflows. We calculate the NPV by discounting each cash flow at the company's discount rate and then summing them up.
For Product A:
NPV = ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / (1 + 0.18) + ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / (1 + 0.18)^2 + ... - $310,000 = $32,504.59
For Product B:
NPV = ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / (1 + 0.18) + ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / (1 + 0.18)^2 + ... - $510,000 = -$72,746.84
3. The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate that makes the NPV of a project equal to zero. It represents the project's rate of return.
For Product A:
IRR = 31.19%
For Product B:
IRR = 15.47%
4. The project profitability index (PPI) is calculated by dividing the present value of cash inflows by the present value of cash outflows.
For Product A:
PPI = ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / $310,000 = 1.10
For Product B:
PPI = ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / $510,000 = 0.95
5. The simple rate of return (SRR) is calculated by dividing the average annual net cash inflow by the initial investment and expressing it as a percentage.
For Product A:
SRR = (($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / 5) / $310,000 = 6.87%
For Product B:
SRR = (($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / 5) / $510,000 = 5.32%
Overall, based on these calculations, Product A has a shorter payback period, positive NPV, higher IRR, higher PPI, and higher SRR compared to Product B. Therefore, Product A appears to be the more favorable option.
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a party who wishes to obtain personal jurisdiction over an individual who resides in her/her own state. is the meaning of?
The phrase "personal jurisdiction" refers to a court's authority to make decisions and enforce its rulings over a particular individual.
In this context, it means that a party wants the court to have the power to hear and decide a case involving an individual who resides in the same state as the party seeking jurisdiction.
Typically, personal jurisdiction is easier to establish when the defendant is located within the court's jurisdiction. The party seeking personal jurisdiction over the individual may need to demonstrate that the individual has sufficient contacts or connections with the state, such as owning property or conducting business there, in order for the court to assert authority over them.
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Developing a Policy and Program for Workplace Violence
Outline the elements that should be included in a violence policy and program.
Clear definition, anonymous reporting, thorough investigation, communication strategy, training programs, regular review and updating to ensure a safe workplace.
The following essential components should be present in any complete policy or program on workplace violence. First, a clear definition of workplace violence, emphasizing zero tolerance for it and its effects. Second, a reporting system that enables staff members to anonymously report occurrences without worrying about reprisals. Third, a rigorous investigation process to deal with reported occurrences quickly and fairly. Fourth, a communication strategy to educate staff members about the policy, the reporting process, and the support resources that are accessible. Fifth, provisions for training program that inform staff members on spotting and avoiding violence, resolving conflicts, and taking personal safety precautions. The policy and program will also be committed to routine review and updating to ensure that it continues to maintain a safe workplace.
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labor costs for multinational corporations can vary as currency values shift a) true b) false
True. Currency exchange rates play a significant role in determining the cost competitiveness of labor for multinational corporations operating across different countries.
Labor costs for multinational corporations can indeed vary as currency values shift. Currency fluctuations can affect the relative value of wages and salaries in different countries. If the currency of a country where a multinational corporation operates weakens against the currency of its home country, it can reduce labor costs in the foreign country when converted back to the home currency. Conversely, if the foreign currency strengthens, labor costs in the foreign country may increase.
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How would IFRS being principle-based rather than rule-based affect financial ratio comparison involving American and EU companies? Do you think that American and European managers would differ in their likelihood of engaging earnings management? Why?
IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) is a set of principles that govern the preparation and presentation of financial statements.
IFRS has replaced most local accounting standards, such as GAAP in the US and has been adopted in many countries around the world including in the EU. The IFRS being principle-based instead of rule-based would affect financial ratio comparison involving American and EU companies in the following ways:As IFRS is principle-based, it would allow companies to have more flexibility in interpreting accounting principles.
Companies could report financial results that may not align with other companies in the same industry, making it difficult for financial ratio comparisons. For instance, the interpretation of revenue recognition criteria could be different. Some companies may recognize revenue as soon as a sale is made, while others may wait until the goods are delivered and accepted by the buyer.
This could lead to different ratios, such as profitability ratios, which could make the comparison of American and EU companies challenging.
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A philosophy that invoives everyone in an organization in a continual effort to improve quality and achieve customer saticfaction 1508000 TQM Kaizen improvement Seven Sigmma DPSA
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a philosophy that involves everyone in an organization in a continual effort to improve quality and achieve customer satisfaction.
This philosophy has been widely adopted across many industries due to its proven effectiveness. TQM is based on the principles of continuous improvement, customer focus, teamwork, and leadership.In the TQM philosophy, the focus is on continuous improvement. This means that the organization is always striving to improve its products, processes, and services.
To achieve this, all employees are encouraged to identify problems and suggest solutions. These suggestions are then reviewed and implemented where appropriate.Customer focus is another important aspect of TQM. The organization needs to understand the needs and wants of its customers and strive to meet or exceed their expectations.
This requires a deep understanding of the customer's needs, wants, and expectations. TQM also emphasizes teamwork. All employees are encouraged to work together to achieve the goals of the organization. This requires effective communication and collaboration.Leadership is also critical to the success of TQM.
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In time, other cities began competing with Hollywood for filming locations. Compared to the US, they offered favorable tax treatments, lower costs, and well-trained film crews. Productions could seek out the lowest cost location, rather than merely building expensive sets in the home studio. So, even though the films themselves remained "American," cost consciousness was a growing factor. (Total: 6 points)
Q.1 What kind of global strategy did Hollywood use to respond to these pressures and opportunities? Q.2 What are the characteristics of such a strategy? Q.3 What are the benefits and risks of such a strategy?
1. Hollywood used the strategy of global production in response to the pressure and opportunities that arose from other cities competing with Hollywood for filming locations.
2. Global production strategy was characterized by a strategic decision to move film production to foreign countries to maintain competitiveness.
3. The benefits of this strategy are that it reduces costs associated with film production and helps companies remain competitive while the risks are that it may affect quality and consistency in film production. The film industry was an exclusive business for the United States of America, particularly Hollywood.
Also, Hollywood maintained its dominance by producing high-quality movies that audiences enjoyed watching and invested in their stars, offering them new contracts, and making sure that they keep their fans happy. This strategy was characterized by outsourcing to different countries that offer better tax treatments, lower costs, and well-trained film crews.
In addition, Hollywood could produce its films in any language, which made it easy for them to market films worldwide. The benefits of this strategy are that it reduces costs associated with film production, and it helps companies remain competitive. Outsourcing enables film companies to save money on labor costs, allowing them to produce more movies and television shows at a lower cost.
The risks of this strategy are that it may affect quality and consistency in film production. In addition, the language and cultural barriers in foreign countries may cause delays and other complications during filming, which may lead to production delays and budget overruns.
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which of the following is true about an open-end mutual fund? multiple choice question. shares are issued and redeemed by the investment company at the request of investors. it needs no professional management. a fixed number of shares are issued at the launch of the fund. the shares are bought and sold on a major stock exchange.
The true statement about an open-end mutual fund is that shares are issued and redeemed by the investment company at the request of investors.
An open-end mutual fund is a type of investment fund that is continuously open to new investors. In an open-end mutual fund, shares are issued and redeemed by the investment company at the request of investors. This means that investors can buy shares in the fund directly from the investment company and also sell their shares back to the company when they want to exit the investment. These shares are then bought and sold on a major stock exchange, just like stocks.Therefore, the statement that shares are issued and redeemed by the investment company at the request of investors is the true statement about an open-end mutual fund. This liquidity is an important advantage for investors who may need to access their funds quickly.
When it comes to open-end mutual funds, there are several characteristics that set them apart from other types of investment funds. The true statement about an open-end mutual fund is that shares are issued and redeemed by the investment company at the request of investors.Unlike closed-end mutual funds, which have a fixed number of shares issued at the launch of the fund, open-end mutual funds do not have a fixed number of shares. Instead, the investment company continuously creates new shares or cancels existing shares based on the demand from investors.
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Explain the best methods to recognize employees through project
incentive programs.
Project incentive programs are a way to motivate employees to achieve better results. Project incentive programs are beneficial in motivating and encouraging employees to do their best work. There are several ways in which employees can be recognized through project incentive programs.
These are: Recognition of Individual Achievements: Recognition of individual achievements is one of the most popular methods of recognizing employees through project incentive programs. By recognizing employees for their individual achievements, managers can demonstrate that they value their contributions and effort. Rewarding High-Performance: Rewarding high-performing employees is another method of recognizing employees through project incentive programs. Employees who achieve high performance levels are recognized for their efforts and rewarded accordingly. This could be in the form of a bonus, an increase in pay, or a promotion. Incentivizing Team Success: Another way of recognizing employees through project incentive programs is to incentivize team success. This approach encourages employees to work collaboratively to achieve project goals. If the team achieves its goals, each member is rewarded. This approach is particularly effective for team projects. Giving Non-Financial Rewards: Non-financial rewards can be another method of recognizing employees through project incentive programs. Non-financial rewards such as recognition, praise, and acknowledgement can be powerful motivators. These types of rewards show employees that their contributions are valued and appreciated.
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Ignoring issues of the Statue of Frauds, is there a contract for the sake of Vinny's Celica? a) Yes, between Vinny's and Oscar for $4,000 now and $1,000 in a month. b) Yes, between Vinny's and Oscar for $5,000 cash since that was the first offer accepted. c) Yes, between Vinny and Maria for $5,500 since Maria gave the highest offer. d) Yes, between Vinny and Oscar, if Oscar is willing to pay $5,500.
There is a contract for the sale of Vinny's Celica between Vinny and Oscar for $5,000 cash since that was the first offer accepted.
Is there a valid contract for the sale of Vinny's Celica?The key elements of a contract are present in this situation: an offer, an acceptance, and consideration. Vinny made an offer to sell the Celica for $5,000 cash, and Oscar accepted this offer.
The fact that it was the first offer accepted further strengthens the case for a valid contract. but it is important to note that issues related to the Statute of Frauds, which requires certain contracts to be in writing have been ignored in this analysis.
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Lo Bookstore located in Kuala Lumpur. The business' financial year onds on 30 June 2021. Below are the details of Chill Cafe inventory records. Calculate the dosing inventory using First in, First Out method Select one a. PMis,000 b. R110,000 c. सM13,125 d. PM10,500
The dosing inventory of Chill Cafe inventory records located in Kuala Lumpur using the First in, First Out method is RM13,125.Option C is the correct answer.
What is the FIFO method? FIFO stands for "first-in, first-out," which means that the oldest inventory is listed first and sold first. In other words, the FIFO method assumes that the newest inventory is not sold until all of the older inventory is gone, according to Investopedia.
Steps to solve the problem: The first step is to figure out the cost of the inventory that was sold. Using the formula, you can calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS):COGS = BI + P - EI
Where: COGS: Cost of goods sold BI: Beginning inventory P: Purchases EI: Ending inventory The next step is to calculate the value of the ending inventory.
The calculation of COGS has already been done and it equals to RM134,375. Then, use the below formula to find out the value of EI:EI = BI + P - COGS
Where: EI: Ending inventory BI: Beginning inventory P: Purchases COGS: Cost of goods sold Substitute the given values: EI = RM42,500 + RM105,000 - RM134,375EI = RM13,125
Therefore, the dosing inventory using First in, First Out method of Chill Cafe inventory records located in Kuala Lumpur is RM13,125.
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join nodes in an activity diagram are used to bring concurrent or parallel flows together back into a single flow.true or false?
Join nodes in an activity diagram are used to bring concurrent or parallel flows together back into a single flow. This statement is true.
Activity diagrams are a type of flowchart that is used to represent the movement and flow of control within a system or process.
The purpose of activity diagrams is to provide a visual representation of the steps, actions, and decisions that are involved in completing a particular task or activity.
Join nodes are used to bring concurrent or parallel flows together back into a single flow.
When the flow of control in an activity diagram splits into multiple parallel or concurrent flows, it is necessary to bring them back together at some point in the process.
The join node is used for this purpose.
It represents the point at which the various flows come back together and continue as a single flow.
This allows for the representation of complex processes that involve multiple concurrent actions or steps.
Thus, join nodes play a crucial role in activity diagrams as they ensure that all the different paths of the flow join back together to complete the process.
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A contract for the sale of a good priced at \( \$ 350 \) must be in writing to be legally enforceable. True False
A contract for the sale of a good priced at $350 must be in writing to be legally enforceable. True False. The statement, "A contract for the sale of a good priced at $350 must be in writing to be legally enforceable" is partially true. Contracts are often verbal, and these are legally binding agreements between two or more parties;
hence, they are enforceable. However, contracts that are required by law to be in writing include the following:
A contract for the sale of goods priced at $500 or more must be in writing to be legally enforceable. However, the contract for the sale of goods priced at less than $500, including the $350 in question, could be verbal and legally enforceable.
It should be noted that the Statute of Frauds, which was first passed in England in 1677 and later adopted by many US states, sets forth the kinds of contracts that must be in writing to be legally enforceable. The goal of the statute is to avoid fraudulent contracts, particularly oral ones, by requiring that they be in writing for certain types of transactions.
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Assume you are considering buying some identical fountain pens and you have all the information that you needed to find your optimal quantity demanded from these fountain pens. Which of the following should guarantees you are reaching to the optimal quantity demanded from these fountain pens? (Think Carefully).
Question 19 options:
Your marginal benefit is at least equal to the marginal cost, if not smaller than the marginal cost.
Your marginal benefit is at least greater than the marginal cost, if not equal to the marginal cost.
Your marginal benefit is at least equal to the marginal cost, if not greater than the marginal cost.
Your marginal benefit is at least smaller than the marginal cost, if not equal to the marginal cost.
Your marginal benefit is at least equal to the marginal cost, if not greater than the marginal cost.
To ensure that you are reaching the optimal quantity demanded from the identical fountain pens, you should consider the relationship between your marginal benefit and marginal cost.
1. Understand marginal benefit (MB) and marginal cost (MC):
- Marginal benefit refers to the additional benefit or satisfaction you gain from consuming one additional unit of the fountain pen.
- Marginal cost, on the other hand, represents the additional cost incurred when purchasing one more fountain pen.
2. Evaluate the relationship between MB and MC:
- If your marginal benefit is equal to the marginal cost (MB = MC), it indicates that the satisfaction or benefit you derive from each additional pen is exactly equal to the cost incurred. This suggests an optimal quantity demanded.
- If your marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost (MB > MC), it implies that the satisfaction gained from each additional pen exceeds the cost. In this case, you should continue purchasing more pens until the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost to reach the optimal quantity demanded.
- If your marginal benefit is smaller than the marginal cost (MB < MC), it means that the cost outweighs the satisfaction obtained from each additional pen. To reach the optimal quantity demanded, you should decrease the number of pens purchased until the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost.
3. Optimal Quantity Demanded:
- The condition that guarantees reaching the optimal quantity demanded is when your marginal benefit is at least equal to the marginal cost (MB >= MC). However, it can also be greater than the marginal cost (MB > MC). In both cases, you are maximizing your satisfaction or benefit given the associated costs.
Therefore, to ensure that you are reaching the optimal quantity demanded from the identical fountain pens, your marginal benefit should be at least equal to the marginal cost, if not greater than the marginal cost.
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(a) Read the following case and answer the questions that follow. Five years after the launch of economic reforms designed to transform Russia’s lumbering state-directed economy into a modern market system, Russia was experiencing unprecedented capital flight. In 1996 some $22.3 billion left the country, most of it illegally. In contrast, a mere $2.2 billion in foreign investment flowed into the country. According to data from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, between 1989 and 1996 foreigners invested just $5.3 billion in Russia, compared to foreign investment of about $11.5 billion in much smaller former Communist state, Hungary. One reason for this is that Russia consistently tops the charts as the riskiest investment destination tracked by the Economist Intelligence Unit. The risks include a complex tax code that is always changing and randomly enforced, often at the expense of foreign companies. Weak and untested property and contract safeguards, endless regulations often enforced by bureaucrats, and a playing field made uneven by trading and tax favors granted by the Russian government to Russian companies are also frequently cited as contributing to the high risks associated with investment in Russia. Russia’s privatization laws have also tended to discriminate against foreign investors. Most privatization schemes in Russia favor incumbent management and/or local companies. For an example, a "shares for loans" scheme in 1995 saw a dozen large companies sold for a fraction of their market value to several large Moscow banks. Foreign investors were not given an opportunity to bid on these assets. Similarly, the privatization of several large-scale companies has been the majority of stock sold to incumbent managers and employees for a fraction of the price the stock could fetch on the open market. The failure of the Russian government to capitalize on the sale of state-owned assets is self-defeating given that the country is in desperate need to capital resources to upgrade its crumbling infrastructure, which is suffering from years of neglect and mismanagement under communism. The Russian oil and gas industry is and example. Russia has the largest oil and gas reserves in the world, but it is finding it difficult to get these reserves out of the ground and to the international market. Russian oil output plummeted after the collapse of the Soviet Union, from 569 million tons in 1988 to 305 million tons in 1996. The problems include leaking pipeline, aging oil wells, a lack of new drilling, and conflict between the various states of the former Soviet Union as to who actually owns much of the oil and gas infrastructure. According to estimates by the World Bank, Russia needs to spend between $40 billion and $50 billion per year just to maintain oil and gas production at current levels. Boosting production back to the levels achieved in the 1980s could require investments of $80 billion to $100 billion per year-money that Russia does not have. In an attempt to reverse this slide, in November 1997 the government of Boris Yeltsin announced that Russia’s oil and gas industries would be open to foreign investment. The decree signed by Yeltsin allowed foreign investors to buy 100 percent of Russian oil companies. Within days, Royal Dutch/Shell had teamed up with Gazprom, Russia’s giant gas monopoly, to bid for Rosneft, the last big state-owned oil group to be privatized. This was quickly followed by a deal under which British Petroleum announced that it would purchase 10 percent of another Russian company, Sidanco, giving it a stake in a huge oil field near the Chinese border. The benefits that flow to Russia from such investments could be substantial. In a report prepared for the Russian parliament, Western oil companies said foreign development of just six identified oil and gas fields could create more than 550,000 jobs and earn about $450 billion over their operating lives. However, before they are prepared to make further large-scale investments, many Western companies say they need stronger legal and tax guarantees. Their preferred method of operation would be to sign internationally recognizable production sharing agreement, which leave the ownership of natural resources with the state, but allow foreign developers a defined share of future revenues. Although the Russian government has tried to enact such legislation, the Communist-dominated parliament has resisted any attempt to pass such laws.
each for Q1 and Q 2
1. Identify:
(a) The positive and negative implications to the country of Russia and its people by opening up their oilfields to foreign investment.
(b) The positive and negative implications to foreign companies from investing in Russian oilfields.
2. Which are risks related to Scanning , apply all of them to the case , which one is most important risk and why? Suggest strategies to negate the risk
word count should be 800
(a) Positive implications of opening up Russia's oilfields to foreign investment:Foreign investment in Russia's oil and gas industry will lead to the creation of new jobs and the generation of revenue, which will benefit Russia's economy.
According to a report by Western oil firms to the Russian parliament, foreign development of just six identified oil and gas fields could create over 550,000 jobs and earn around $450 billion over their operating lives.
Negative implications of opening up Russia's oilfields to foreign investment:Many Western companies believe they need stronger legal and tax guarantees before making further large-scale investments. Russia has a complex and frequently changing tax code, which is randomly enforced, often at the expense of foreign firms.
Weak and untested property and contract safeguards, endless regulations enforced by bureaucrats, and an uneven playing field made by trading and tax favors granted by the Russian government to Russian companies are all factors that contribute to the high risks associated with investing in Russia.
Russia's privatization laws have also tended to discriminate against foreign investors. Most privatization schemes in Russia favor incumbent management and/or local companies. Foreign investors were not given the opportunity to bid on several significant companies sold for a fraction of their market value to various large Moscow banks under the "shares for loans" scheme in 1995. Similarly, many large-scale firms' privatization has been conducted by selling the bulk of stock to incumbent managers and employees at a fraction of the price that the stock could fetch on the open market.
(b) Positive implications of investing in Russian oilfields by foreign firms:Investing in Russia's oil and gas sector will provide foreign firms with an opportunity to generate profits. Royal Dutch/Shell teamed up with Gazprom, Russia's giant gas monopoly, to bid for Rosneft, the last big state-owned oil group to be privatized.
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If a price change causes total revenue to change in the opposite direction, demand is elastic inelastic perfect inelastic unitary elastic Question 17 (1 point) Compared to coffee, we would expect the cross elasticity of demand for tea to be negative, but positive for cream. tea to be positive, but negative for cream. both tea and cream to be positive. both tea and cream to be negative.
Compared to coffee, we would expect the cross elasticity of demand for tea to be positive, but negative for cream.
The cross elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of one good to a change in the price of another good. In this case, we are comparing the cross elasticity of demand for tea and cream with respect to coffee.
If the cross elasticity of demand for tea is positive, it means that an increase in the price of coffee would lead to an increase in the quantity demanded of tea. This suggests that tea and coffee are substitutes, and when the price of coffee goes up, consumers switch to tea as a cheaper alternative.
On the other hand, if the cross elasticity of demand for cream is negative, it means that an increase in the price of coffee would lead to a decrease in the quantity demanded of cream. This implies that cream and coffee are complements, and when the price of coffee rises, consumers are less likely to purchase cream to accompany their coffee.
Therefore, based on the information given, we would expect the cross elasticity of demand for tea to be positive (indicating a substitute relationship with coffee) and the cross elasticity of demand for cream to be negative (indicating a complement relationship with coffee).
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Which of the following is not included in the balance of the financial account of Canada? Select one: a. a purchase of Airbus stock by Bombardier cross out b. a purchase of Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan stock by a firm in China cross out c. a purchase of Canadian manufacturing plant by Toyota cross out d. a purchase of a German brewery by the Canadian company, Moosehead cross out e. a purchase of German financial services by Scotia Bank
Option (e) is the correct answer.The purchase of German financial services by Scotia Bank is not included in the balance of the financial account of Canada.
Financial account: This is a component of the balance of payments that records the acquisition and disposal of financial assets by the residents of a country and the rest of the world. Purchases of financial assets, such as stocks and bonds, by foreigners in Canada, or of Canadian assets by foreigners, are documented in the financial account of Canada.
The balance of payments is a document that tracks all financial transactions between a country and the rest of the world. It records all economic transactions made between a country's residents and those of other countries, including the exchange of money, goods, and services.
In terms of the financial account, it records the acquisition and disposal of financial assets by the residents of a country and the rest of the world. Purchases of financial assets, such as stocks and bonds, by foreigners in Canada, or of Canadian assets by foreigners, are documented in the financial account of Canada.
However, the purchase of German financial services by Scotia Bank is not included in the balance of the financial account of Canada because it involves the acquisition of a service rather than a financial asset. Therefore, option (e) is the correct answer.
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If a company's product are closely related, sales of one brand may ________ , or take away sales, from the other brand.
If a company's products are closely related, sales of one brand may cannibalize, or take away sales, from the other brand.
cannibalize - Cannibalization refers to the phenomenon where sales of one product or brand negatively impact the sales of another product or brand within the same company. It occurs when customers choose to purchase one product instead of another that serves a similar purpose or targets the same market segment.
When products are closely related and offer similar features or benefits, customers may opt for one brand over another, resulting in a loss of sales for the affected brand. This internal competition can occur when companies introduce new products that compete with existing ones or when they have multiple brands targeting the same customer base.
Cannibalization can have implications for a company's overall revenue and market share, requiring strategic planning to minimize its negative effects and maximize overall sales and profitability.
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