The Thomas theorem states that if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. This means that people's subjective perceptions of a situation can have a significant impact on how they respond to it.
However, this can make problems harder to solve because it requires looking at a problem from all possible angles, which takes time. In some cases, this can lead to overanalysis and an inability to reach a clear solution. Additionally, the Thomas theorem can be problematic when it comes to identifying issues in minority groups. Because the focus is on the majority's perception of the situation, it can be difficult to uncover the experiences and perspectives of minority groups. This can lead to a lack of understanding and ineffective solutions.
Furthermore, the Thomas theorem can be limiting in terms of the proposed solutions to a problem. The focus is on how people perceive the situation, rather than the underlying social issues that may be contributing to the problem. This means that proposed solutions may not address the root causes of the issue.
Finally, the Thomas theorem can mask important social issues by focusing on less significant problems. Because the focus is on people's perceptions, less attention may be given to structural inequalities and systemic issues that may be at play. This can lead to a lack of progress in addressing social issues.
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although there are many kinds of small groups, your textbook focuses on communication in a
The textbook focuses on communication in a task-oriented small group, which is a group of people who come together to accomplish a specific goal or complete a particular task.
Members of a task-oriented group share a common purpose, and their interactions and communication are focused on achieving that purpose. This type of group can be found in a variety of contexts, including workplaces, classrooms, and volunteer organizations. Communication is a critical component of task-oriented groups, as members must collaborate and share information to achieve their goals.
The textbook focuses on this type of group because it is a common and important context for understanding how communication works in real-world settings.
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According to the irrigation head troubleshooting video, What part of a sprinkler head IS functioning when the upper communication tube is removed, the bottom of the communication valve opened, and the sprinkler head actively sprays water?
In the irrigation head troubleshooting video, when the upper communication tube is removed, the bottom of the communication valve is opened.
The sprinkler head actively sprays water, it indicates that the sprinkler head itself is functioning properly. The upper communication tube allows water to flow into the sprinkler head, while the bottom of the communication valve controls the flow of water out of the sprinkler head.
By removing the upper tube and opening the valve, water can directly flow into the sprinkler head and be sprayed out, demonstrating that the internal mechanisms of the sprinkler head, including the nozzle and rotor, are working correctly.
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mary feels that she is liked by her closest friends and family members. she also feels encouraged by them. this is likely to
Mary feels that she is liked and encouraged by her closest friends and family members is likely to have a positive impact on her overall well-being and self-esteem. When we feel that we are accepted and valued by those closest to us, it can contribute to our sense of belonging and connectedness.
This sense of social support can help to buffer against the adverse effects of stress and adversity, and may also facilitate positive coping strategies in difficult situations. Additionally, feeling encouraged by others can help to foster a sense of confidence and motivation. When we receive positive feedback and support from others, it can help us to feel more capable and competent and may encourage us to pursue our goals and aspirations.
This can be especially important during transition or uncertainty, when we may be unsure of ourselves or our abilities. Overall, Mary's perception that she is liked and encouraged by her closest friends and family members will likely positively influence her mental and emotional well-being. By providing her with a sense of social support, connection, and encouragement, these relationships may help to promote her overall happiness, confidence, and resilience.
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Which of the following is NOT a way in which humor functions relative to death?
A. Raises consciousness
B. Encourages togetherness
C. Discourages empathy
D. Defuses anxiety
Answer:C. Discourages empathy
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James is a proactive information gatherer and a forward thinking manager. James is said to be a. A. Problem solver b. problem avoider c. problem seeker.
The description of James as a proactive information gatherer and a forward-thinking manager suggests that he actively seeks out information and plans ahead to prevent problems from occurring.
However, the fact that he is described as a problem solver implies that he is also skilled at addressing and resolving issues that do arise. This combination of proactive planning and effective problem-solving abilities makes James a valuable asset in any organization.
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american walter freeman ""improved"" the procedure developed by egas moniz by developing the:
American Walter Freeman improved the procedure developed by Egas Moniz by developing the transorbital lobotomy technique, which involved accessing the brain through the eye sockets instead of drilling holes in the skull.
The transorbital lobotomy technique was faster and less invasive than Moniz's original procedure, but also had more severe side effects and fell out of favor in the 1950s and 1960s.
Walter Freeman, an American neurologist, is known for popularizing the prefrontal lobotomy, a surgical procedure that was initially developed by the Portuguese physician Egas Moniz in 1935. However, Freeman modified the procedure to make it faster and simpler, which led to its widespread use in the United States in the 1940s and 1950s.
Freeman's modification involved using a specialized tool called an "ice pick" to sever the connections between the prefrontal cortex and the rest of the brain, rather than making a large incision in the skull. He also performed the procedure on an outpatient basis, which made it more accessible to a wider range of patients.
However, it is worth noting that the prefrontal lobotomy has since been largely discredited as a treatment for mental illness, as it often had serious side effects and did not consistently improve symptoms.
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In a persuasive message, what is the next task after you finish stating the need? a.) gaining attention b.) offering a solution c.) giving a call to action
In a persuasive message, the next task after stating the need is typically offering a solution (option b). The typical sequence in a persuasive message involves stating the need, offering a solution, and then giving a call to action. By following this progression, the message is structured to capture attention, provide a solution, and motivate the recipient to take the desired action.
After identifying and clearly stating the need or problem, it is important to provide a solution that addresses the identified need. Presenting a well-thought-out solution helps to build credibility, demonstrate expertise, and provide the recipient with a potential resolution to the problem at hand.
By offering a solution, you provide relevant information, suggestions, or recommendations that can effectively address the need or problem previously mentioned. This helps to capture the attention and interest of the audience by presenting a way to fulfill their needs or alleviate their concerns.
Once the solution has been presented, it is then appropriate to move on to giving a call to action (option c). A call to action prompts the recipient to take a specific action, such as making a purchase, signing up for a service, attending an event, or supporting a cause. It is the step that encourages the recipient to act upon the information provided and engage with the proposed solution.
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An industry characterized by irregular patterns of stability, rapid technological change, high uncertainty and global competition can be described as:
a) Hypercompetitive
b) Hyperactive
c) Atypical
d) Co-optetive
An industry characterized by irregular patterns of stability, rapid technological change, high uncertainty and global competition is co-optetive. Therefore, the correct option is (d) Co-optetive.
An industry that is characterized by irregular patterns of stability, rapid technological change, high uncertainty and global competition can be described as co-optetive.
This term refers to a situation where competitors in an industry cooperate on some aspects of their business while competing fiercely on others.
This dynamic is often seen in industries that are undergoing rapid technological change, where companies are forced to work together to develop new technologies and standards, while at the same time fiercely competing for market share.
The co-optetive industry is one where companies need to be flexible and adaptable to survive, as the rapid pace of technological change means that new competitors can emerge at any time, disrupting the market and changing the rules of the game.
Companies in this industry need to be willing to take risks and invest heavily in R&D in order to stay ahead of the curve, while also being prepared to collaborate and share knowledge with their competitors when it makes sense to do so.
Therefore, the correct option is (d) Co-optetive.
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prior to starting each maneuver, pilots should
Prior to starting each maneuver, pilots should conduct a thorough pre-flight check to ensure that all systems are functioning properly and that there are no potential safety hazards.
They should also review the flight plan and any weather or airspace restrictions.
During the maneuver, pilots should maintain situational awareness and be prepared to make adjustments as necessary.
This includes monitoring instruments, communicating with air traffic control, and scanning for other aircraft or obstacles.
After the maneuver is complete, pilots should evaluate their performance and identify areas for improvement. By following these protocols, pilots can help ensure a safe and successful flight.
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about what percentage of american men experience a somatic symptom disorder in a given year
It is estimated that around 10-12% of American men experience a somatic symptom disorder in a given year. Somatic symptom disorder, also known as somatoform disorder, is a mental health condition in which a person experiences physical symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical condition.
These symptoms can range from pain and fatigue to gastrointestinal problems and neurological symptoms. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, somatic symptom disorder is more common in women than in men, but it still affects a significant number of men. Research suggests that men may be less likely to seek help for their symptoms, which could contribute to underreporting of the condition in this population. While estimates vary, it is generally believed that around 10-12% of American men experience a somatic symptom disorder in a given year. It is important for individuals experiencing unexplained physical symptoms to seek medical and mental health evaluations in order to determine the underlying causes and receive appropriate treatment.
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the attitude of "we're all in this together" reflects the quality of:
The attitude of "we're all in this together" reflects the quality of unity and empathy.
It is a quality that is essential in fostering a supportive and collaborative environment, especially in times of crisis. When we adopt this attitude, we acknowledge that we are all facing similar challenges and that we need to work together to overcome them. This attitude promotes a sense of belongingness, trust, and mutual respect, which ultimately leads to better outcomes.
In addition, the attitude of "we're all in this together" also reflects a positive and solution-focused mindset. Rather than dwelling on individual problems or challenges, we focus on finding collective solutions and supporting each other in achieving them. This attitude can help to boost morale, increase motivation, and inspire creative thinking, which are all important qualities in achieving success.
Overall, the attitude of "we're all in this together" is a powerful reflection of the quality of unity, empathy, and positivity. It can help to bring people together, build stronger relationships, and ultimately lead to better outcomes for everyone involved.
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which type of love involves an intense state of wanting to bond with another person?
The type of love that involves an intense state of wanting to bond with another person is known as attachment love. This type of love is characterized by a strong desire for closeness, security, and emotional connection with another person.
It is often seen in long-term relationships where partners feel a deep sense of commitment and devotion to each other. Attachment love is driven by a need for intimacy and a desire to create a strong emotional bond with another person. Overall, attachment love is a complex and multifaceted experience that can bring great joy and fulfillment to our lives.
The type of love that involves an intense state of wanting to bond with another person is called "passionate love." Passionate love is characterized by strong emotions, physical attraction, and a desire for deep emotional and physical connection with the other person. This type of love often develops quickly and can create a sense of euphoria and excitement. However, it is important to note that passionate love can evolve into other forms of love, such as companionate love, which is characterized by a deep emotional bond, trust, and commitment.
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What is the pathophysiology of the S3 heart sound?
The early-diastolic fast distension of the left ventricle, which is attended by rapid ventricular filling and a sudden slowdown of the atrioventricular blood flow, is the primary cause of the third heart sound.
A third heart sound after the age of 40 is often abnormal and is associated with ventricular malfunction or volume overload. Any condition that results in ventricular dysfunction may be considered, such as acute valve regurgitation, ischemic heart disease, dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, cor pulmonale, or cor pulmonale.
Children and young adults typically exhibit the third heart sound, which is a sign of a flexible ventricle capable of rapid expansion during early diastole. The S3 sound, on the other hand, is frequently a symptom of sickness when it is detected in a middle-aged or older adult.
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.In the group development process, the group carries out its primary work during this process.
A) storming
B) forming
C) norming
D) performing
The correct answer is D) performing. During the performing stage of group development, the group is focused on achieving its goals and carrying out its primary work.
This stage is characterized by high levels of productivity, collaboration, and cooperation among group members. However, before reaching this stage, the group must go through several other stages, including forming, storming, and norming. During the forming stage, group members get to know each other and establish goals and objectives for the group. In the storming stage, conflicts and disagreements may arise as members express their opinions and vie for power and control. Finally, during the norming stage, the group begins to establish norms and rules for behavior, and members start to work together more effectively.
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Which of the following statements has NOT been raised as a criticism of Baumrind's research? A. Her studies focus on correlations.
B. Her studies are artificial, because she adheres strictly to the experimental model.
C. It is impossible to know whether children were, in fact, consistently raised in a particular style.
D. Baumrind did not consider innate factors, such as children's temperament.
The following statements have not been raised as a criticism of Baumrind's research Baumrind did not consider innate factors, such as a child's temperament. The correct option is D.
Neglectful parenting was not one of the original Baumrind parenting philosophies, but it was included in the paradigm in 1983 by Stanford University psychology professor Eleanor Maccoby and her colleague John Martin. Parents who engage in neglectful parenting fail to meet their child's needs or put any obligations on them. Because of their focus on the United States, the Baumrind parenting styles may not accurately represent parents in other cultures.
Thus, the ideal selection is option D.
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75 year old patient with longstanding hypertension takes an ace inhibitor and a thiazide diuretic daily. he has developed dyspnea on exertion and peripheral edema
75 year old patient with longstanding hypertension takes an ace inhibitor and a thiazide diuretic daily which caused him adverse effects and led to develope dyspnea on exertion and periperal edema. The patient's symptoms of dyspnea on exertion and peripheral edema could be suggestive of congestive heart failure, which may result from longstanding hypertension.
ACE inhibitors and thiazide diuretics are commonly used to treat hypertension, but they can also cause fluid retention and contribute to the development of heart failure. The patient needs to see their healthcare provider as soon as possible to evaluate their symptoms and determine the appropriate treatment plan.
The healthcare provider may adjust the patient's medication regimen, order additional tests, or refer the patient to a specialist for further evaluation. In some cases, the patient may need to be hospitalized for treatment and monitoring. The patient needs to follow up with their healthcare provider regularly to ensure that their hypertension is being managed effectively and that any adverse effects from their medications are being addressed.
The complete question should be :-
Is it true or false that a : 75 year old patient with longstanding hypertension takes an ace inhibitor and a thiazide diuretic daily. he has developed dyspnea on exertion and peripheral edema".
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The most widely used and researched empirically keyed self- report personality test is the Multiple Choice ⢠Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory--Revised (NEO- PI-R). 0 Rorschach inkblot test (RIBT). 0 Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). 0 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).
The most widely used and researched empirically keyed self-report personality test is the Multiple Choice Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R).
This test was developed by Paul T. Costa Jr. and Robert R. McCrae and is based on the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. The NEO-PI-R assesses the Big Five personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. It is a comprehensive test with 240 items, making it one of the most extensively researched personality tests.
The test has been shown to have good validity and reliability in predicting behaviour and outcomes. The Rorschach inkblot test (RIBT) and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are projective tests that rely on subjective interpretation, making their results less reliable than the NEO-PI-R. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a clinical test used to diagnose mental health disorders and is not designed to measure personality traits. Overall, the NEO-PI-R is considered the most reliable and valid personality test available.
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what are the 3 parts of the soul in plato’s theory of the psuchê?
In Plato's theory of the psuch, the soul is divided into three parts: the rational part (logistikon), the spirited part (thymoeides), and the appetitive part (epithymetikon).
1. Rational part: This part is responsible for logical thinking, reasoning, and decision-making. It is associated with the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom.
2. Spirited part: This part governs emotions, particularly those related to ambition, pride, and honor. It helps to maintain balance and harmony between the other two parts of the soul.
3. Appetitive part: This part deals with basic desires, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual drive. It seeks immediate satisfaction and is often guided by pleasure-seeking impulses.
In Plato's theory, a well-balanced soul is one in which the rational part governs the spirited and appetitive parts, allowing an individual to make wise decisions and live a virtuous life.
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from the perspective of activists and candidates, the basic purpose of political parties is to
From the perspective of activists and candidates, the basic purpose of political parties is to organize and mobilize voters around a shared set of values and policy goals.
Political parties serve as a means of bringing people together who share a common vision for society and providing them with a platform to advocate for that vision. Parties offer activists and candidates a way to amplify their voices and gain support for their ideas through a network of volunteers, donors, and voters.
They also help to build coalitions across diverse groups and interests, allowing activists and candidates to form alliances and work together towards a common goal. Ultimately, political parties provide a framework for organizing and shaping political discourse, providing a channel for citizens to engage in the democratic process and have their voices heard.
In this way, they play a critical role in shaping the direction of society and determining the policies that will affect people's lives.
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while it is important to apply a system-blame approach to social problems, why is depending entirely on this approach a problem? sometimes people really are the problem. it fails to consider the role of social policy. it disregards key demographics, like race and gender. it means a society without systems would have no problems.
While a system-blame approach is important when addressing social problems, depending solely on it can be problematic. This approach emphasizes the importance of looking beyond the individual level and instead focuses on the structures and policies that shape people's experiences.
However, solely blaming the system disregards the role of individuals and social policy in perpetuating inequalities.
Sometimes people truly are the problem, and it is important to hold individuals accountable for their actions. At the same time, it is necessary to recognize that these actions are often shaped by larger societal factors such as poverty, lack of education, and discrimination. By only blaming the system, we risk overlooking the role of individuals in perpetuating these inequalities.
Additionally, the system-blame approach can disregard key demographics like race and gender. It is crucial to recognize how different groups are impacted by social problems and how their experiences may differ. Ignoring these differences can lead to the perpetuation of systemic inequalities and further marginalize these groups.
Finally, relying solely on the system-blame approach suggests that in a society without systems, there would be no problems. This is simply not true as social problems can arise from individual actions and interactions. It is important to consider both systemic and individual factors when addressing social problems.
In conclusion, while the system-blame approach is important, it is necessary to also consider the role of individuals and social policy in perpetuating social problems. Ignoring key demographics can also lead to further marginalization. Therefore, a balanced approach is necessary to effectively address social problems.
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A nurse is teaching a client who has chemotherapy-induced anemia and a prescription for epoetin alpha. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following findings as an adverse effect of epoetin alpha?
(a) Hypertension
(b) Leukocytosis
(c) Bone pain
(d) neutropenia
(a) Hypertension
Epoetin alpha is a medication used to treat anemia by stimulating the production of red blood cells. However, a potential adverse effect of this medication is hypertension or high blood pressure. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to report any signs or symptoms of hypertension such as headache, dizziness, or chest pain.
The other options (b) leukocytosis, (c) bone pain, and (d) neutropenia are not commonly associated with epoetin alpha therapy. It is important for the nurse to educate the client about the possible adverse effects of the medication and to encourage the client to report any concerning symptoms to their healthcare provider.
Therefore, option a) is the correct answer.
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most people think of class as a ladder, but sociologists conceptualize social class as
Most people tend to view social class as a ladder, with each rung representing a different level of status or achievement. However, sociologists have a more complex understanding of social class.
They view it as a multidimensional concept that is determined by a combination of factors, including income, education, occupation, and cultural capital. Sociologists also recognize that social class is not a fixed category, but rather a fluid and dynamic system that is shaped by social and economic forces. Furthermore, they acknowledge that social class intersects with other forms of identity, such as race, gender, and sexuality, to create unique experiences of inequality and oppression. Overall, sociologists provide a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of social class that goes beyond the simplistic notion of a ladder.
Hi! Sociologists conceptualize social class not just as a ladder, but as a complex system with multiple dimensions. Instead of simply seeing it as a ladder with a linear progression, sociologists consider factors such as income, education, occupation, and social networks. This holistic approach allows them to better understand the nuances of social stratification and mobility within a society. In this way, they can identify various barriers and opportunities for individuals belonging to different social classes, and develop a more comprehensive understanding of social inequality.
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what is one of the most significant items of scientific evidence for global climate change?
One of the most significant items of scientific evidence for global climate change is the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and contributes to global warming.
Since the Industrial Revolution, humans have been burning fossil fuels and releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels has been directly measured through ice cores, which provide a record of atmospheric conditions going back hundreds of thousands of years.
Additionally, measurements from weather balloons and satellites have shown a consistent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past several decades.
These data sets show a clear correlation between human activities and the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is a major contributor to global climate change.
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how much data can a blu ray hold
A Blu-ray disc can typically hold up to 25 GB of data on a single-layer disc and up to 50 GB on a dual-layer disc.
A blu ray disc can hold up to 25 GB of data for a single-layer disc and up to 50 GB for a dual-layer disc. However, there are also blu ray discs with even higher capacities, such as the BDXL disc which can hold up to 100 GB of data for a triple-layer disc and up to 128 GB for a quadruple-layer disc. It's important to note that the actual amount of data that can be stored on a blu ray disc may vary depending on the file format and compression used. Overall, blu ray discs are a great option for high-capacity storage and high-quality video playback.
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what is the best group dynamic for an ems situation? codependent dependent independent interdependent
In an EMS (Emergency Medical Services) situation, the best group dynamic is interdependent.
This means that all members of the team work together collaboratively and depend on each other's expertise and skills to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient. EMS teams typically consist of paramedics, EMTs, and other healthcare professionals, all of whom have unique roles and responsibilities. In an interdependent group dynamic, each member understands their role, communicates effectively with their team members, and supports each other throughout the entire process. This approach allows for the seamless integration of individual strengths and creates a cohesive and effective team. A codependent dynamic may result in an over-reliance on one or two individuals, while a dependent dynamic may hinder the team's ability to function effectively without constant supervision. An independent dynamic may work in some situations, but in an EMS situation where time is of the essence and multiple tasks need to be performed simultaneously, interdependence is the most effective approach.
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ashley lives in a remote area of a native american reservation, where there is no access to the internet. in order to apply for jobs or do schoolwork online, she has to catch a ride to the nearest town, which is nearly two hours away. this is an example of group of answer choices homophily. virtual racism. virtual empowerment. the digital divide.
The scenario mentioned in the question about Ashley who lives in a remote area of a Native American reservation and has no access to the internet and thus, has to travel to the nearest town to do her work is an example of the digital divide. Option d is correct.
The term "digital divide" refers to the gap between people who have access to modern technologies such as computers and the internet and those who do not. This divide is more prominent in rural areas and among lower-income households.
The lack of access to technology can lead to limited educational opportunities, reduced job prospects, and an inability to participate in the global economy. The digital divide can further exacerbate the existing social and economic disparities, leading to a disadvantage for those who are not connected to the internet.
Therefore, d is correct.
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what might you expect to find when you compare the success rates of those with an internal versus external locus of control undergoing a stop-smoking treatment?question 40 options:those with an internal locus of control will do better.those with an internal locus of control will do better if allowed to feel they control the treatment.those with an internal locus of control will do better if they believe the therapist can do something to control their smoking for them.those with an external locus of control will do better.
The expected thing to find after comparing the success rates of those with an internal vs external locus of control undergoing is those with an internal locus of control will do better if allowed to feel they control the treatment, option C.
The degree to which a person believes they have control over the outcome of events in their lives as opposed to outside forces (beyond their influence) is known as locus of control. Since its creation in 1954 by Julian B. Rotter, the idea has been incorporated into personality psychology. The idea of a person's "locus" (plural "loci," Latin for "place" or "location") can be internal (belief that one has control over one's own life) or external (belief that life is determined by forces outside of the person's control, or that chance or fate determines their existence).
When getting test results, for instance, persons with an internal locus of control prefer to compliment or criticise themselves and their talents. persons with an internal locus of control feel that events in their lives are mostly the product of their own efforts. People who have a strong external locus of control frequently compliment or criticise external elements like the instructor or the test's difficulty.
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Complete question:
What might you expect to find when you compare the success rates of those with an internal vs external locus of control undergoing a stop- smoking treatment
A. Those with an internal locus of control will do better
B. Those with an external locus of control will do better
C. Those with an internal locus of control will do better if allowed to feel they control the treatment
D. Those with an internal locus of control will do better if they believe the therapist can do something to control their smoking for them
when philosophers explore ethical dilemmas, like whether killing someone is equivalent to letting someone die, what branch of ethics is this? descriptive ethics. metaethics. normative ethics. applied ethics.
The branch of ethics that explores ethical dilemmas like whether killing someone is equivalent to letting someone die is normative ethics. Normative ethics is concerned with establishing moral standards and principles that guide human behavior.
It aims to determine what actions are right or wrong, good or bad, just or unjust, and so on. In this case, philosophers are trying to determine whether killing someone and letting someone die are morally equivalent actions.
normative ethics is not just concerned with establishing moral standards but also with defending them and providing reasons for them. It also aims to apply these moral principles to real-world situations and actions. Therefore, when philosophers explore ethical dilemmas like the one mentioned, they are engaging in normative ethics by trying to establish moral principles that determine whether an action is right or wrong. They are also trying to apply these principles to determine whether killing someone and letting someone die are morally equivalent actions. This involves examining different ethical theories and arguments to arrive at a sound moral judgment.
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a word i know, six letters it contains, remove one letter, and twelve remains. what am i?
Answer: 'dozens'
wow a joke :)
when alexander wendt argues that "anarchy is what states make of it," what does he mean?
Alexander Wendt is a political scientist who argues that anarchy is not just a structural characteristic of the international system, but is instead socially constructed by states. In other words, anarchy is what states make of it.
This means that how states behave and interact with one another determines the nature of the international system. For example, if states view each other as hostile and competitive, this will lead to a more conflict-prone international system. On the other hand, if states view each other as cooperative and interdependent, this will lead to a more peaceful international system.
Wendt's argument is based on the idea that international relations are not solely determined by material factors such as military power or economic resources. Instead, the beliefs, norms, and identities of states play a crucial role in shaping the international system. In this sense, anarchy is not a fixed and unchanging feature of the international system, but is instead open to interpretation and subject to change over time.
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