The element of the group 17 that is most active non metal is fluorine.
The group 17 of the periodic table contains bromine(Br), iodine(I), Chlorine(Cl) and fluorine(F).
Among all the elements of the group 17. Fluorine is the smallest in size.
Because of the small size of fluorine it has the highest electronegativity in group 17.
This high electronegativity makes it a very active non metal. It provides a very high oxidizing power and low dissociation energy to the fluorine atom.
Also because of the very small size the source of attraction between the nucleus and the electrons is very high in floor in atom.
It reacts readily to form oxides and hydroxides.
So, we can conclude here that fluorine is the most active non metal of group 17.
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Match each term below with its definition or description Stokes shift the ratio of the number of molecules fluorescing to the total number of excited molecules quantum yield a process in which molecules or atoms in an excited state relax to the ground state through the release of a photon self-quenching vibrational relaxation nonradiative relaxation of a molecule from a low energy vibrational level of an excited electronic state to a high energy vibrational level of a lower energy electronic state resonance fluorescence internal conversion observed when excited atoms or molecules emit radiation that is the same wavelength as the radiation used to excite them fluorescence the difference between the wavelength of radiation used to excite an atom or molecule and the wavelength of radiation emitted by the atom or molecule emitted during relaxation occurs when an unexcited analyte atom or molecule absorbs the radiation emitted from an excited analyte atom or molecule occurs as excited atoms or molecules collide with surrounding molecules such as the solvent and lost energy without emission of a photon
The matches are description Stokes shift the ratio of the number of molecules fluorescing to the total number of excited molecules quantum yield.
Stokes shift - The difference between the wavelength of radiation used to excite an atom and the wavelength of radiation emitted by the atom during relaxation.
Quantum Yield - the ratio of the number of molecules fluorescing to the total number of excited molecules.
Self quenching - Occurs when an unexcited analyte atom or molecule absorbs the radiation emitted from an excited analyte atom or molecule.
Vibrational relaxation - Occurs as excited atoms or molecules collide with surrounding molecules such as the solvent and lost energy without the emission of a photon.
Resonance fluorescence - Observed when excited atoms emit radiation that is the same as wavelength as the radiation used to excite them.
Internal conversion - nonradiative relaxation of a molecule from low energy vibration level of excited state to high energy vibration level of lower electronic state.
Fluorescence - A process in which molecules in an excited state relax to the ground state through the release of a photon.
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how does the graph of a system of equations with one solution differe from the graph of a system of equations with infinetly many solutions or no solutions
The assertion claims that the graphs of a subject with an unlimited number of options is a single statement.
The use of equations in chemistry:Reaction equation demonstrate the end results of reactions as well as their formation. They are helpful in predicting reaction products. We can anticipate the outcome of the reaction between magnesium (a metal) and hydrochloric (a acid, of course!) using this method.
How are chemical equations created?In between the formulas of the reactants, a plus (+) symbol is placed. On the right side, the reactions are written in terms on chemical symbols or molecular formulas. The product formulas are separated by a plus (+) symbol.
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Why is Gibbs free energy negative?
A negative Gibbs free energy indicates that there is more free energy in the reactants, or beginning state, than in the products, or end state. Exergonic reactions, which may take place without the supply of energy, are also known as spontaneous reactions.
The reaction is spontaneous at high temperature if both H and S are positive, and spontaneous at low temperature if both H and S are negative. G will always be negative if H is negative and S is positive. In the case of a spontaneous reaction, Gibbs free energy is negative (only). For reactions that are not spontaneous, it can also be advantageous. We can easily anticipate the spontaneity of a reaction using the enthalpy and entropy numbers thanks to the Gibbs equation. In an exothermic process,
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OuICOMES 4. Give the number of core electrons for Cd, A) 44 B) 48 C) 46 D) 45 E) 47 5. Give the number of valence electrons for Cd A) 8 B) 10 C) 12 D) 2 E) 6
Option (c) and option (d) are correct. Number of core electrons for Cd is 46 and valence electrons for Cd is 2.
Core electrons defined as the electrons in an atom that are not valence electrons and do not participate in chemical bonding. The nucleus and the core electrons of an atom form the atomic core. Core electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus.
Core electrons = total number of electrons - valence electrons
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell or energy level of an atom
Valence electrons = electrons in outer shell
Electronic configuration of Cd = [Kr] 5s2 4d10
The highest principal number is 5 which have 2 electrons . Therefore valence electrons is 2.
Core electrons for Cd = 48 - 2 = 46
so, the number of valence electrons for cd is 2.
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Draw Lewis structures and MO diagrams for CN+, CN, and CN-. According to the Lewis model, which species is most stable? According to MO theory, which species is most stable? Do the two theories agree?
Yes, the two theories agree at a point, according to MO theory CN- is most stable species among these three.
Molecular Orbital (MO Theory) is often utilized to explain the bonding in molecules that Valence Bond Theory is unable to. These are substances that often involve some sort of resonance. A link may be a hybrid, not single or double, according to resonance. Valence bond theory only describes the bonding of single, double, or triple bonds. This section doesn't explain resonance bonding. The Molecular Orbital Theory's Rules:
First rule: When two atoms combine, they always contribute the same number of atomic orbitals, hence the number of molecular orbitals formed is always equal to that.
Second principle: Antibonding molecule orbitals have greater energies than bonding molecular orbitals, which have lower energies than the parent orbitals.
Third principle: The molecule's electrons are assigned to orbitals ranging in energy from the lowest to the highest in turn.
Fourth principle: When the atomic orbitals have similar energies, they can combine to produce molecular orbitals most efficiently.
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which compound in the following pair is the stronger acid? select the single best answer.
From the list, the FIRST option, is much more acidic, Since Cl are reppealing, pair is the stronger acid
Let's first define acid: Acids and Bases of Bronsted Lowery, Let's define the terms "Bronsted Lowry acid/base" first. Anything that will donate H+ (protons) to a solution and lowers pH is considered a Bronsted Lowry acid (i.e HCl) Any species that accepts H+ (protons) in solution and raises pH (NH3 accepts H+ to produce NH4+) is referred to as a Bronsted Lowry base. Commonly, acid/bases are displayed in the left (reactants), when we scribe the goods: When the B.L. acid contributes its H+ proton (HCl to Cl-), a base known as a Bronsted Lowery conjugate is created. The acid produced when a base accepts its H+ proton, such as NH4+, is known as a Bronsted Lowery conjugate acid. The right (product) side is normally where conjugate bases and acids are displayed.For this case the only acidic proton is that of OH group Then we need plenty of negative species , such as Cl near the OH to favour donation of H+ the long chain will maintain far away the electronegativity so avoid long chains
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What does VSEPR stand for?
VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory.
\What is VSEPR theory?
Gillespie summarizes the rules of VSEPR theory as follows:
A non-binding domain is larger than a single binding domain. They are more widely distributed than single binding domains and occupy more space in the valence shell. This makes sense, because lonely couples are only affected by one positive core, not two.The size of the single bond domain in the valence shell of the central atom decreases with increasing electronegativity of the ligand.Although it is often convenient to think of double and triple bonds as consisting of one σ or two π bonds, respectively, or two or three curved single bonds, the electron pair domain model Now it's easier to think of the double bond as: Two-electron-pair domains and triple bonds as three-electron-pair domains in which individual electron pairs are indistinguishable. These binding domains increase in size from single to double to triple bonds.Therefore, VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory.
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in the upper atmosphere, ozone (o3) gas absorbs ultraviolet radiation forming dioxygen (o2), which then reacts with transient atomic oxygen to reform ozone. this equilibrium reaction, which protects the inhabitants of earth from a constant barrage of high-energy and ionizing ultraviolet radiation, can essentially written as:
The ozone in the atmosphere significantly absorbs solar ultraviolet light, notably the dangerous, high-energy UV-a and UV-b rays.
How is UV radiation absorbed by the ozone layer?Ozone is created when atomic oxygen (O) recombines with molecular oxygen (O3). The UVB band's short wavelengths are absorbed by ozone, which prevents organic molecule photochemical reactions. Ozone is broken down into molecular oxygen by reactive chlorine (Cl) generated from CFCs, which does not absorb UVB rays.
What processes are involved in the stratospheric ozone layer destruction?Cl + O3 and ClO + O are the two fundamental reactions that make up the cycle. Overall, Cycle 1 produces two oxygen molecules from one ozone molecule and one oxygen atom.
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a copper pot at room temperature is filled with room-temperature water. imagine a process whereby the water spontaneously freezes and the pot becomes hot. why is such a process impossible?
With water that is also at room temperature, a copper pot is filled. Imagine a scenario in which the pot gets hot and the water freezes on its own. This would be a violation of the second rule of thermodynamics.
The group of physical parameters that constitute thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium includes temperature, energy, and entropy. These parameters are defined by the rules of thermodynamics. In addition, the laws use other thermodynamic process characteristics, such as thermodynamic work and heat, and they form correlations between them. They present empirical data that serves as a foundation for ruling out the existence of particular phenomena, such perpetual motion. They are crucial fundamental rules of physics that are applicable to other natural sciences and are used in thermodynamics in addition to being used there.
The first law, the second law, and the third law have historically been recognized as the three fundamental laws of thermodynamics.
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When methanol dissolves in water; intermolecular forces (IMFs) are formed between the solute and solvent molecules H~ TTH H_0-H methanol (CH3OH) water (HzO) Which intermolecular force below properly identifies the predominant IMF between the methanol molecules and the water molecules in the solution? dispersion interaction dipole-dipole interaction hydrogen bonding ion-dipole interaction ion-ion interaction
1.answer --->In methanol and water hydrogen bonding is present. 2.answer------>level of liquid in left arm is increases. Because solvent flows towards solution through semipermeable membrane during osmosis. 3.answer---->order of reaction with respect to [NO ] is 2, When methanol dissolves in water; intermolecular forces (IMFs) are formed between the solute and solvent molecules H~ TTH H_0-H methanol (CH3OH) water (HzO)
Methanol, the most basic form of alcohol (CH3OH), serves as the chemical basis for countless items used in daily life, such as paints, plastics, automobile components, and building supplies. In addition, methanol is a clean energy source that powers fuel cells, boilers, ships, vehicles, trucks, buses, and cook stoves. Methanol is a highly toxic substance. For a youngster, even 2 tablespoons (30 milliliters) can be fatal. Adults can die from drinking as little as 2 to 8 ounces (60 to 240 milliliters). Despite medical intervention, blindness is frequently permanent.
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a silver (ag) electrode in a solution of agnog is set up on the anode side of a voltaic cell. it's attached to the cathode side by a salt bridge and a voltmeter. which metal must be formed on the cathode side in order to produce a positive voltage? o zn o ai o na o cu o au
(Au) must be formed on the cathode side in order to produce a positive voltage.
Redox reactions include a change in the oxidation state of both the substrate. When electrons are lost or the oxidation state increases, it is called oxidation; when they are gained or the oxidation state decreases, it is called reduction.
A chemical process called oxidation occurs. As a result of atoms as well as groups of atoms losing electrons, it is described as a process. The addition or loss of oxygen as well as hydrogen in a chemical species would be another method to describe oxidation.
At anode oxidation occur, so Ag in oxidized at anode
Ag → Ag + 1e E°oxi = -0.80v
Xn⁺ + ne → Xn(s) E°red = x
E°cell = E°oxi + E°red
= -0.80 + x
So, x > 0.80 v
Here, Positive voltage x > 0.80 v, Which is only positive in case of Au (E°red = + 1.50 v)
So Last option E is the correct one.
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what reagents are needed to convert (s)-3-methyl-3-phenylpentaoic acid to (s)-3-methyl-3-phenylpetanamine
1. SOCl2/pyridine
2. NH3
3. LiAlH4
4. H2O
SOCl2/pyridine is added to (S)-3-methyl-3-phenylpentanoic acid first in order to convert it to (5)-3-methyl-3-phenylpentanamine.
The carbonyl carbon is then reduced to an alkane by adding NH3 after which LiAlH4 is added. The mechanism is finished by the addition of water, which causes the product to form.
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What relationship can you state about mass and # of half lives? State 3 other relationships that can be identified in the half-life simulation. Be specific.
how is the bond between two atoms discussed in this section similar to a spring between two students?
Answer:
The spring between two students means that your are connected to each other and friends don't lie.
Explanation:
element m reacts with oxygen to form an oxide with the formula m2o. when m2o is dissolved in 10) water, the resulting solution is basic. element m could be . a) bromine b) oxygen c) nitrogen d) carbon e) calcium
The element could be Nitrogen.
Here given Element M react with oxygen to form M₂O.
The oxidation no of oxygen is -2. Hence to balance there is two metal. So the oxidation no of M should be +1
Here the M₂O is formed by only nitrogen.
So the compound will be N₂O.
SO when N₂O react with water then it will produce an anion (N₂O⁻ ). This N₂O⁻ dissociates with nitrogen gas and O⁻ ion.
This anion then produce OH⁻ ion when react with water.
So the solution becomes basic.
Hence the element could be Nitrogen.
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which statement is true about coordination compounds? group of answer choices the metal ion donates a pair of electrons to the ligand. the metal ion acts as a lewis base. co2 is a coordination compound. the sharing of the electrons donated by the ligand forms a coordinate covalent bond to the metal. metal oxide salts are coordination compounds.
Option 3; The sharing of the electrons donated by the ligand forms a coordinate covalent bond to the metal
Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in a covalent bond. The two atomic nuclei are simultaneously attracting these electrons. When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place to form ions, a covalent bond is created. Bonding electrons are collectively referred to as the electrons that are present in the region between the two nuclei. The hydrogen molecule is the simplest substance with a covalent connection. The linked pair is the "glue" that keeps the atoms in molecular units. Two hydrogen atoms with one electron in each's 1s orbital are the building blocks of the compound. The two electrons in the covalent link are shared by both hydrogen atoms, and each one gains an electron configuration like that of helium.
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which of the following molecules would be polar? group of answer choices sco pcl5 ccl4 bcl3 co2
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is polar in nature and the electronegativity difference between sulfur and oxygen atoms makes it a polar molecule.
Why is SO2 a polar covalent?Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO2 and it is a toxic gas that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches.
SO2 has a bent shape due to the presence of unbonded electrons on the sulfur and oxygen atoms.
Solid sulfur dioxide is a polar molecular solid because net dipole moment is non zero and constituent particles are molecules and the electronegativity of sulfur is 2.5 and that of oxygen is 3.5.
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Rutherford's gold foil experiment determined that neutrons are in the nucleus_ B) electrons have a negative charge. C) most of the space in an atom is empty except for a concentrated area called the nucleus: D) protons and neutrons have about the same mass: E) neutrons have no charge.
c)Rutherford's gold foil experiment determined that neutrons are in the nucleus most of the space in an atom is empty except for a concentrated area called the nucleus.
Rutherford's gold foil experiment was one of the most important experiments in the history of atomic physics. In this experiment, he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles. The alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil, which indicated that most of the atom was an empty space. However, some of the alpha particles were deflected at sharp angles, which indicated that there was a concentrated area in the atom, which he called the nucleus.
This experiment also showed that the nucleus was made up of protons and neutrons and that the protons had a positive charge and the electrons had a negative charge. The experiment also showed that protons and neutrons had about the same mass and that neutrons had no charge. From this experiment, Rutherford was able to conclude that the nucleus of an atom was made up of protons and neutrons and that the neutrons were in the nucleus.
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ow do you draw a Lewis Structure for SiCl_2Br_2?
Lewis Structure for SiCl₂Br₂
What is a Lewis structure?A Lewis Structure is a greatly condensed illustration of a molecule's valence shell electrons. It is used to display how the electrons are positioned around particular molecules' atoms. When two atoms are bonded together, electrons are depicted as "dots" or as a line. The octet rule and formal charges must be satisfied if the "optimal" electron configuration is to be achieved.
why is Lewis structure important?When used in conjunction with hybrid orbitals, Lewis structures can also be helpful in predicting molecular geometry.
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ACL tender point location
We have ACL tender points in front of and behind our knee.These are located in the medial and lateral quadrants of the superior popliteal cavity.
What are ACL tender points?
Trigger points in the thigh muscles can cause pain in the thighs and knees. The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body. The muscles that power the femur, quadriceps, hamstrings, and iliopsoas are also the largest and strongest muscles in the body. These thigh muscles connect the femur to the lower leg bones, the tibia and fibula, at the knee joint. Quadriceps trigger points are the most common cause of trigger point knee pain.
Healthy muscle fibers neither contract nor stretch at rest. Muscle fibers move closer together when contracted and move apart when stretched. In muscles that cause trigger point pain, the fibers are knotted and in constant contraction. The fibers around these knots are stretched by excessive tension, causing the muscle fibers to tighten.
Therefore, We have ACL tender points in front of and behind our knee. These are located in the medial and lateral quadrants of the superior popliteal cavity.
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The complete question is:
Where are ACL tender point located?
what volume of carbon dioxide, measured at 25 °c and 741 torr, can be obtained by the reaction of 50.0 g of caco3 with 750 ml of 2.00m hcl solution? CaCO3(s) + HCL(aq) => CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O (unbalanced)
a. 11.2 L
b. 12.5 L
c. 18.8 L
d. 9.4 L
e. 6.25 L
The volume of the carbon dioxide that is produced in the reaction is 12.5 L. Option B
What is the volume of carbon dioxide?We know that a chemical reaction is said to occur when there is a combination of one or more reactants. We have to first obtain the limiting reactant in this case.
Number of moles of calcium carbonate = 50.0 g/100 g/mol
= 0.5 moles
Number of moles of HCl = 750/1000 * 2 = 1.5 moles
If 1 moles of carbonate reacts with 2 moles of HCl
0.5 moles of carbonate reacts with 0.5 moles * 2 moles/1
= 1 mole
The limiting reactant is the carbonate
If 2 moles of carbonate produces 1 moles of carbon dioxide
0.5 moles of carbonate produces 0.5 * 1/2
= 0.5 moles of carbon dioxide
Using PV =nRT
P = pressure
V = volume
n = Number of moles
R = gas constant
T = temperature
V = nRT/P
V = 0.5 * 0.082 * 298/0.975
V = 12.5 L
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use the mo diagram given to find the bond order and predict whether h2- exists.
Using the molecular orbital diagram as shown in the image attached to this answer, the hydrogen molecule anion can exist.
What is a molecular orbital diagram?We define the molecular orbital diagram as the diagram that shows the way that the atoms of the elements are able to interact to form molecules. We know that the molecules are said to be formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals. The number of atomic orbitals that were combined is equal to the number of molecular orbitals that can be produced by the reaction.
Now we know that the two electrons of the hydrogen molecue woud be found in a bonding molecular orbital. As such, the added electron would have to go into an anti bonding molecular orbital. The bond order of the hydrogen molecule anion is then obtained as;
1/2( 2 - 1) = 0.5
The bond order is above zero thus the specie is able to exist.
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an element of atomic number 88 decays radioactively to an element of atomic number 82.
Three alpha particles are emitted when radium-88 decay into an element having atomic number 82.
The element with an atomic number 88 is Radium i.e., a radioactive element. The decay from atomic number 88 to atomic number 82 involves a loss of 6 protons.
For losing 6 protons, three alpha particles are used as one alpha particle has two protons which mean that decay via three alpha particles will result in the loss of 6 protons.
Thus, six protons are lost when radium-88 decay into an element with atomic number 82.
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pof3 lewis structure
The shape of POF3 Lewis structure is tetrahedral.
Each atom is represented by its chemical symbol in Lewis structures, along with its location within the molecule. Atoms connected by bonds are separated by lines (pairs of dots can be used instead of lines). In addition to the atoms, extra electrons that form lone pairs are shown as pairs of dots.
Hydrogen (H) can only form bonds in which two electrons are shared, whereas main group elements of the second period and beyond often react by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons until they have reached a valence shell electron configuration with a full octet of electrons.
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what is the REDUCED mass of H2 and N2 using Ma*Mb/Ma+Mb
The reduced mass of H2 and N2 is 1.86g.
What is reduced mass?In Newtonian mechanics' two-body problem, the reduced mass is the "effective" inertial mass. It is a quantity that makes it possible to solve the two-body problem as if it were a one-body problem. However, the mass that determines gravitational pull is not lowered. It is denoted by μ.
It is given by equation:
1 / μ = 1 / m1 + 1 / m2
μ = [tex]\frac{m1 * m2}{m1 + m2}[/tex]
According to the question,
Molar mass of H2 = 2
Molar mass of N2 = 28
Substituting the values in equation:
μ = [tex]\frac{2 * 28}{2 + 28}[/tex]
μ = [tex]1.86 g[/tex]
The reduced mass of H2 and N2 is 1.86g.
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Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is a strong electrolyte. What species are present in Na2SO4(aq)?
In the actual acquia solution, Na2SO4 contains water molecules, sodium sulphate ions, and sulfate ions (aq).
Where can one find Na2SO4?Natural brines and crystalline deposits that can be found in Texas and California are used to manufacture natural sodium sulfate. Additionally, it is a component of salt lakes like the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Recovered as a by-product of several manufacturing processes is synthetic sodium sulfate.
Is nacl or Na2SO4 a powerful electrolyte?Water molecules surround the cations and anions in the solution. Strong electrolytes include sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. Each ion of that type is surrounded by a number of water molecules, as indicated by the "(aq)" after the ion.
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16. This Volcano has magma that is[viscous, can have pyroclastic flows
and is composed of layers of ash, lava and rock. What type of volcano is
this?
Answer: Based on the description provided, it sounds like the volcano in question is a stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano.
Explanation:
Stratovolcanoes are characterized by having viscous magma that can produce pyroclastic flows (flows of hot ash, gas, and rock) and are made up of layers of ash, lava, and rock. Stratovolcanoes are often cone-shaped and can be quite tall. They are formed through the accumulation of material ejected during eruptions, and they are typically found along plate boundaries where tectonic plates are converging. Some well-known examples of stratovolcanoes include Mount St. Helens, Mount Fuji, and Mount Vesuvius.
The energy that an object has due to its motion is called, a. gravitational potential energy. b. elastic potential energy. c. kinetic energy. d. thermal energy.
Kinetic energy is the form of energy that a moving body possesses. When kinetic energy is released into motion by gravity or any other force, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
Energy is omnipresent. However, we are aware that energy cannot be created or destroyed according to the rule of conservation of energy. However, we are aware that energy can only be transformed from one type of energy to another.
Energy is the definition of the ability to perform work of any kind. Mass and energy are inversely related. This is apparent from the Mass-Energy Equivalence.
E=mc2
It's stated that a body at rest has potential energy. In contrast, when an object is moving, it possesses kinetic energy.
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Pls help
#8: In at least three sentences, describe how the chocolate/wax is like the tectonic plates
on the surface of the Earth. Use the following terms in your answer: tectonic plates,
convection currents, mantle and density. 3 pts
Explanation:
The chocolate or wax in the activity can be compared to the tectonic plates on the surface of the Earth. Just like the tectonic plates, the chocolate or wax is made up of different layers that move and interact with each other. The movement of the tectonic plates is driven by convection currents in the mantle, which is the layer of the Earth beneath the crust. These convection currents are caused by differences in density between the hot, less dense material near the core of the Earth and the cooler, more dense material near the surface. Similarly, the movement of the chocolate or wax is driven by the heat from the flame, which causes the less dense, melted chocolate or wax to rise and the more dense, solid chocolate or wax to sink.
calculate the molarity of a kcl solution made by dissolving 28.4 g of kcl in a total volume of 500. ml.
Molarity of a KCL solution made by dissolving 28.4 g of KCL in a total volume of 500 ml is calculated as 0.7619 M KCL.
What is known as molarity?Mole is a unit of measurement used for chemical substance. Molarity is also known as the molar concentration of solution. It is the technique of calculating the amount of substance that a particular chemical solution contains.
As we know that the molar mass of KCl is 74.55 g/mol.
Hence, molarity = 28.4 g * 1 mol KCl /74.55 g * 1/500 mL * 1000 mL/1 L
Now, molarity = 0.7619 M KCl.
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