Primary succession, for instance, might take place following the eruption of volcanoes, such as those on Hawaii's Big Island. As lava flows into the water, rock is produced.
Primary succession: What is it?
Primary succession, the initial phase of ecological recovery after a major disturbance, often occurs in an environment devoid of vegetation and other living things. These habitats frequently lack soil because of natural disturbances like lava flows and retreating glaciers.
Contrarily, secondary succession occurs on substrates that had previously supported vegetation before an ecological disturbance. This occurs when less severe disturbances, including fires, floods, and storms, only entirely destroy the local plant life while leaving the nutrients in the soil available for the swift growth of intermediate community species.
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medial and lateral condyles of the femur. i: posterior surface of calcaneus. a: plantar flexes the foot; assists with flexing leg
The ankle joint can flex in four directions: plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion. Leg muscles are separated into anterior and posterior groups.
What does the foot's plantar flexion entail?The movement of the foot away from the torso in a downward direction is referred to as plantar flexion. Numerous movements, including walking every day, depend on this motion. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, for example, might lessen plantar flexion and make walking more challenging.
What muscle supports the foot's plantar flexion?At the ankle joint, the soleus, gastrocnemius, and plantaris muscles work together to cause plantar flexion. When we tip-toe around them, their movement raises us off the ground.
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A patient has a hemorrhage and loses a large volume of the blood. Which compensatory mechanisms would you expect?.
Vasoconstriction and a decrease in kidney fluid production in the urine are compensatory processes that take place if a patient experiences a haemorrhage and loses a significant amount of blood.
The body responds to volume loss by quickening the heartbeat and contractility, which is followed by the activation of baroreceptors, which in turn causes the sympathetic nervous system and peripheral vasoconstriction. Usually, a narrowing of the pulse pressure is accompanied by a modest rise in diastolic blood pressure.
Blood loss is referred to as bleeding, sometimes known as haemorrhage. It can refer to bleeding that occurs inside the body (internal bleeding) or outside the body (external bleeding). Almost any part of the body can lose blood. When a blood artery or organ is injured, internal bleeding can occur. When there is a rupture in the skin, external bleeding occurs. Traumatic injury, an underlying medical condition, or a combination of both can cause bleeding. Massive blood volume loss is known as hypovolemia, and significant blood loss death is known as exsanguination. Haemostasis, the act of halting or controlling bleeding, is a crucial component of both first aid and surgery.
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What is a neutron? Help lol
Answer:
a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom except that of simple hydrogen.
Explanation:
Neutrons are the particles in an atom that have a neutral charge. They aren't positive like protons. They aren't negative like electrons.
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For mammals living in cold habitats, would smaller or larger species require relatively thicker fur?.
For mammals living in cold habitats, smaller species might require relatively thicker fur.
As they get closer to the poles, the majority of vertebrate animals gain weight. Numerous animal species benefit from being larger in the colder climates found at high latitudes and elevations. Bergmann's Rule, a phenomenon, explains how heavier animals have a smaller surface area to volume ratio, which aids in reducing heat loss.
Many (non-polar) animals are ectotherms, meaning that their internal heat production is so low that they rely on their surroundings to warm them up to a temperature where their body and enzymes can function well enough for an active and functional life. Smaller animals struggle in cold climates because they have a greater relative surface area to lose heat.
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What property of the genetic code makes it possible for base substitution mutations in a protein coding region to have no effect on phenotype?.
The change occurs in the DNA sequence of a non-coding region of the DNA, such as in inter-genic regions (between genes) or within an intron region.
The great majority of base pair modifications (particularly substitutions) have no impact on the phenotype after mutagen treatment. This frequently happens because a mutation in the DNA sequence occurs in a non-coding area of the DNA, such as between genes or inside an intron region. The term "silent mutation" refers to a mutation that, despite affecting a base inside a codon, may not alter the amino acid that it encodes (recall that the genetic code is degenerate; for instance, GCT, GCC, GCA, and GCG all encode alanine). Furthermore, the base substitution might affect an amino acid, but this won't change how the final product works, thus there won't be any phenotypic changes.
Even when the mutant allele is homozygous, a mutation can sometimes result in the full loss of function of a gene without altering the phenotypic. Environmental factors may be to blame for the lack of phenotypic change; while the loss of that gene product might not be noticeable in one environment, it might be in another. As an alternative, genetic redundancy—the encoding of similarly functioning genes at more than one location in the genome—could be to blame for the absence of a phenotype. As a result, the absence of one gene is made up for by another. It is vital to keep in mind that genes with redundant activities cannot be easily discovered by mutant screening, which is a significant restriction of mutational analysis.
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when this cell completes m phase (mitosis and cytokinesis), will the two daughter cells have identical genetic information?
After mitosis, the daughter cells won't have the same genetic makeup. Sister chromatids typically share the same genetic material.
One of the sister chromatids on the lower chromosome in the picture, however, is lacking gene h, which means that part of the data is missing.
Two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original cell and have 2N chromosomes are produced as a result of mitosis.
During mitosis, daughter cells are produced that are genetically identical to their parent cells. The cell divides its chromosomes into equal portions after copying or "replicating" them in order to provide each daughter cell with a full set.
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which of the following shows a correct flow of electrons through the electron transport chain: complex ii --> nadh --> q --> cyt. c --> complex iii --> complex iv nadh --> complex i --> complex ii --> complex iii --> q nadh --> complex i --> q --> complex iii --> cyt. c --> complex iv nadh --> complex i --> cyt. c --> q --> complex iii --> complex iv
The correct flow of electrons through the electron transport chain is given below:
NADH --> complex I --> q --> complex iii --> cyt. c --> complex iv; option C.
What is the electron transport chain?The electron transport chain, ETC, also known as oxidative phosphorylation refers to the chain of reaction in which electrons are transported from the electron carriers NADH and FADH₂ to the final electron acceptor oxygen.
The energy of the electron transport is used to synthesize ATP for the energy requirements of the cells.
The electron transport chain takes place in the mitochondria and consists of four protein complexes namely;
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Wheter you are albino or not is decided by single gene with two alleles. the normal allele a is dominant to the albino allele a. demissie is albino but seble is not. they are expecting a baby. we know exactly what is demissie's alleles are what are they and how do you know?
We know demissie's alleles are cytosine bases.
According to the definition of an allele given in the top textbooks on genetics and evolution, an allele is a different arrangement of the same nucleotides in the same location on a long DNA molecule. In population genetics, the ABO gene-phenotype for almost every living person is a mix of simply these six alleles.
The majority of observed alleles have little to no impact on how the gene product they code for functions. However, occasionally distinct alleles might produce distinct phenotypic features that can be observed, such as differing coloring.
A hereditary disorder called albinism causes a reduction in melanin synthesis. Skin that has albinism is extremely sensitive to sunlight and light.
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Use the following scenario to answer the question.
Tim goes over to his friend Joe's house. He arrives and Joe has ice cream sundaes for their snack. Tim
knows this is not going to be good, because of what happens after he eats dairy. He feels sick and will
have smelly gas to follow shortly after. Tim doesn't want to tell his friend Joe that he is lactose intolerant.
He saw how good this sundae spread looked and all the work his friend put into making it. He decides to
take a chance and eat the ice cream.
Which of the following statements is not a qualitative observation about the scenario?
OA. Tim gets sickly after eating ice cream.
OB. It only takes 5 minutes for Tim to start feeling sick.
OC. Tim ate the ice cream knowing it would make him sick.
OD. Joe created an ice cream sundae spread for snack time.
Answer:d
Explanation:
What is the name of the structure labeled "D"?Integral Protein
1.)Glycolipid
2.)Peripheral Protein
3.)Cholesterol
4.) Integral protein
The name of the structure labeled "D" in the attached image is an Integral Protein because it passes all the cell membrane on both sides (Option 4).
What is an integral membrane protein?An integral membrane protein is any protein located on the cell membrane that can be found on both surfaces of this membrane, thereby this protein is in contact with both the extracellular medium and the cytoplasm of the cell.
A well known example of an integral membrane protein is a channel protein such as aquaporins that allow the passage of water molecules across the cell membrane.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that an integral membrane protein is any protein in a biological membrane such as the cell membrane that can pass through the integrity of this barrier and play different roles such as transport of molecules in the cell.
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If a pink snapdragon is self-fertilized, the offspring are red, pink, or white. What type of inheritance pattern does flower color exhibit in this example?.
The type of inheritance pattern flower color exhibited in this example is incomplete domination (Intermediate).
What is meant by incomplete dominance?
Incomplete dominance or partial dominance is gene expression in offspring based on phenotypic observations that mediate from crosses of parents with different and contrasting characters.
Why intermediate traits can appear in an individual?
An intermediate trait occurs when both heirs are equally strong. The two inheritors of nature are neither closed nor covered. On the other hand, the parents will cover each other because they are just as strong. Offspring with intermediate traits will carry the same combination of traits from both parents.
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Explain how bones are classified by shape
please hurry BRAINLIEST!!!!
The various ways in which bones are classified by shape include the following below:
LongShortFlatIrregularWhat is a Bone?This is referred to as the living tissue which make up the skeleton and it provides the structural integrity of the individual. Bones are also involved in the movement of various parts of the body and produces red blood cells through the marrow.
There are different types of bones according to their shape and an example is the short bone such as carpals and tarsals. The long bones consists of examples such as tibia and femur while flat bones are those found in the skull region such as sutures etc. Irregular bones are cancellous tissue which are enclosed in the thin layer of compact bone and examples include vertebrae etc.
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when the air is hot and humid, it is more difficult for the body to regulate its temperature, primarily because the rate of
The body has a harder time controlling its temperature when the air is hot and humid, mostly because the rate of evaporation is slowed down by the high temperatures.
Rate of evaporation is defined as the rate at which a substance vaporizes (or evaporates), i.e., turns from a liquid to a vapour when compared to another substance whose rate of evaporation is known. This amount indicates a ratio, hence it has no units.
The hotness of matter or radiation is expressed by the physical quantity known as temperature.
Three different temperature scales exist. The first, like the SI scale, is based on the average translational kinetic energy of each freely moving microscopic particle.
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a portion of dna that encodes a specific protein is called a(n) multiple choice gene. chromosome. kinetochore. chromatid. centromere.
Gene is the portion of DNA that encodes for a specific protein.
What is a gene?
The term "gene" can be interpreted in a number of ways. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to form a functional RNA, whereas the Mendelian gene is the fundamental unit of inheritance. Protein-coding genes and noncoding genes are the two categories of molecular genes.
Gene is basically responsible for the inheritance of a particular character, the character expressed in an individual with the help of the protein responsible for that particular character. DNA has a nucleotide sequence in which collectively triplets are called codon which is mainly responsible for the protein-coding.
Hence, a gene ( codon in the form of a triplet ) that codes a specific protein.
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Help please Match the correct term with the corresponding definition or description.
The illustration below shows the solution. To read the text, enlarge the image.
2. Identify the products in this reaction: 6H₂O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 602
A. 6H₂O and 6CO2
B. 6CO2 and C6H12O6
D. C6H12O6 and 602
C. 6H₂O, C6H12O6, and 602
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Everything on the left side of the arrow are reactants, and everything on the right side of the arrow are products.
The products in this reaction are: B. 6CO2 and C6H12O6. The reactants are: A. 6H₂O and 6CO2
What is photosynthesis?The chemical equation 6H2O + 6CO2 --> C6H12O6 + 602 represents the process of photosynthesis, which occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. In this process, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are converted into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2).
The reactants are the substances that are present at the beginning of the reaction and are used up during the process. In this reaction, the reactants are 6 molecules of water (H2O) and 6 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2). These are represented on the left-hand side of the equation, before the arrow.
The products are the substances that are formed during the reaction and are present at the end of the process. In this reaction, the products are 1 molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) and 6 molecules of oxygen (O2). These are represented on the right-hand side of the equation, after the arrow.
So, option B, 6CO2 and C6H12O6, correctly identifies the products of this reaction. Option A, 6H2O and 6CO2, correctly identifies the reactants. Option D, C6H12O6 and 602, incorrectly identifies oxygen as a product and omits carbon dioxide and water as reactants.
Option C, 6H2O, C6H12O6, and 602, includes the reactants and one of the products, but incorrectly identifies oxygen as a reactant instead of a product.
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In humans, height and skin color have continuous variation in the population because of __________.
Answer:
polygenic inheritance
Answer:polygenic inheritance
Explanation:Human features like height, eye color, and hair color come in lots of slightly different forms because they are controlled by many genes, each of which contributes some amount to the overall phenotype.
When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the middle of the bilayer. The best explanation for this is that _____.
When a membrane surface is frozen, any hydrophilic interactions between the two surfaces are lost.
How does a cell membrane solidify?Enzymatic proteins within a solidifying membrane may become inactive because their activity depends on their ability to move laterally within the membrane. This happens when a membrane's permeability changes due to the process of solidification.
The bilayer splits in half when a membrane is frozen, separating the two layers.Amphipathic. The bilayer of phospholipids that makes up a membrane splits in half when it is frozen, creating a fracture. A freeze-fractured membrane can be seen in an electron micrograph with the following bumps on its fractured surface: fundamental proteins.
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what physical concepts, known in the time of lord halley, helped formulate the single cell circulation model and the conception of the hadley cell?
The physical concepts which assisted the formulation of the single cell circulation model and the conceptualization of the Hadley cell are convection as well as pressure gradient force.
Hadley cell is created when warm air surrounding the equator lifts upwards, moves towards the direction of poles and sinks above the subtropics, thereby returning towards the equator. Convection is the process of heat exchange which involves the movement of molecules in a gas or liquid.
The single cell circulation model was developed by George Hadley in the year 1735 to explain the movement of air from the equator as well as around the Earth.
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The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine in dna. What combination of molecules could repair such damage?.
Hypoxanthine, a rare base, is produced by the spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine and is found next to thymine in DNA. DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, and adenylyl cyclase are the components that together might repair such damage.
DNA synthesis is a complicated procedure that has the potential for repair. DNA repair pathways are used to make the repair in order to fix the DNA damage. The majority of the repair procedure involves removing the damaged and substituting fresh sequences. The enzyme that can separate DNA into segments is called nuclease. After removing the unusual base-pair hypoxanthine from the DNA segment, DNA polymerase can be used to lengthen the sequence. Thus, this type of DNA damage can be repaired by the trio of nuclease, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase. Between the DNA segments, nicks can be joined by DNA ligase.
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The new york marathon returns to full capacity this year for the first time since 2019. How many runners were allowed to participate a year ago because of the pandemic?.
The 26.2-mile course took more than 50,000 participants through all five boroughs.
How long does it take to complete the NYC Marathon?Following the conclusion of the last wave start, sweep buses will travel the marathon course at a speed of 6 1/2 hours, or 15 minutes per mile. Any participant who wants to drop out can take one of these buses to the post-finish area. The city streets will reopen to traffic once the sweep buses have passed.
How many runners complete a full marathon?The percentage of Americans who have finished a marathon, according to Run Repeat, is about 0.05%. About 1.1 million runners complete a marathon each year all across the world. That is roughly 0.01% of the entire world's population.
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discuss how the larger energies needed for the movement of larger animals would relate to metabolic rates.
Animals get larger energies from meals. Given the identical speed, a bigger animal could have greater kinetic power, and consequently desires a bigger metabolic fee to greater quick convert meals power into kinetic energy.
Bigger animals have decrease metabolic rates (B). The want for such version stems from easy geometry. As frame extent will increase, floor place will increase greater slowly. So an elephant radiates and loses much less power according to gram than a mouse and consequently calls for much less alternative power according to gram. Metabolic fee is carefully associated with frame size (frame mass), however while mass will increase, metabolic fee normally will increase much less.
Just as a small mobileular has greater floor place relative to its extent than a huge mobileular, so a small animal has greater frame floor relative to its extent of metabolizing tissue. Metabolic fee may be measured maximum at once because the fee of warmth power launched from an animal's frame, a technique known as calorimetry. The elements influencing the basal fee of metabolism (BMR) in 639 species of mammals encompass frame mass, meals habits, climate, habitat, substrate, a restrict to islands or highlands, use of torpor, and form of reproduction.
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one way to create genetic diversity is through the random distribution of chromosomes into daughter cells during the meiotic stage of .
One way to create genetic diversity is through the random distribution of chromosomes into daughter cells during the meiotic stage of Anaphase I .
Meiosis, also includes independent assortment of homologous chromosomes that plays an important role in genetic diversity. Meiosis is a process in which a single cell divides two times to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
Independent assortment of chromosomes is the random distribution of one chromosome of homologous chromosomal pair to each daughter cell during anaphase I.
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The measurement of speed and direction of an object
Answer: Velocity
Explanation:
What does the difference in distribution tell you about the cells in the treated sample?.
The difference in distribution tell you about the cells in the treated sample, is that the treated cancer cells are arrested at the G1 phase.
They give the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks. Additionally, cells have the ability to replicate themselves and contain the body's genetic material. Each component of a cell has a different purpose.
There are two different types of cells: prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but still have a nucleoid area, and eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus. Eukaryotes can either be single-celled or multicellular, in contrast to prokaryotes, which are single-celled organisms.
The parasitic bacteria Mycoplasma gallicepticum, which inhabits the respiratory, genital, and urinary systems of primates, is thought to be the tiniest known creature capable of autonomous development and reproduction. Mycoplasma is the name of the cell used in the study. It has a 0.0001 mm diameter.
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Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the atp formed during glycolysis?.
100% of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis.
Glucose is a process of metabolism which converts glucose into pyruvic acid.
This process released free energy which
help in formation of ATP and less the mount of NADH.This process completes in ten sequences which are catalyzed by enzyme. It is an anaerobic process which does not require oxygen.Substrate-level phosphorylation is the direct transfer of phosphate group to ADP to form ATP. It accounts of 100% of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis. Glycolysis is the metabolism of glucose into two pyruvate molecules, with the net generation of two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic reaction, and in low oxygen conditions is the cell’s sole source of ATP.
Thus, the percentage of ATP formed is
100%.
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Which part of the brain contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the thalamus?.
The diencephalon is the part of the brain that contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the thalamus.
The diencephalon is located between the cerebrum and the brainstem and is responsible for a variety of functions including:
-Regulation of the body's internal environment
-Homeostasis
-Control of hunger and thirst
-Regulation of body temperature
-Control of wakefulness and sleep
-Emotional regulation
The epithalamus is a small region of the brain that is responsible for the secretion of the hormone melatonin. The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain that is responsible for a variety of functions including:
-Regulation of the endocrine system
-Control of the autonomic nervous system
-Regulation of body temperature
-Control of hunger and thirst
-Control of wakefulness and sleep
-Emotional regulation
The thalamus is a large region of the brain that is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
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during the plateau phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells, which ion(s) is/are crossing the membrane
During the plateau phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells both Ca2+ and K+.
Slow Calcium Channels are responsible for the Plateau Phase, because they allow very long time-scale influx of positive ions that balances the low efflux of potassium. The voltage-gated K+ channels are slower to open than usual, often not opening much until the end of the plateau.
Calcium ions account for the plateau phase during cardiomyocytes action potential. Prolonged opening of the slow calcium-sodium channels allows calcium ions to enter the fiber, That accounts for the plateau portion of the action potential.
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How would you predict that doubling the atmospheric co2 concentration would affect c3 plants?.
C3 plants would grow more quickly, whereas C4 plants would only be slightly impacted.
What effects does a rise in CO2 have on C3 plants?Because higher [CO2] results in lower transpiration rates and higher CO2 absorption rates in plants, it has been hypothesized that this will boost water use efficiency (WUE) in C3 species.
What effects does rising CO2 have on C3 and C4 plants?The findings demonstrated that plants' chlorophyll content increased when CO2 concentration increased, particularly in C3 plants when they were intercropped with C4 plants. When CO2 levels were elevated, C3 plants had far heavier roots, stems, and leaves than C4 plants did.
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what would happen if the normal circulation or resorption of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were blocked?
If the normal circulation or reabsorption of CSF were blocked, CSF production would continue in the choroid plexus of each ventricle, but the fluid would remain there, causing the ventricles to swell, also known as hydrocephalus.
Cerebrospinal Fluid is the fluid present in the tissues that surround the brain and spinal cord. It is clear and colorless in appearance. The role of the fluid is to cushion the organs and therefore protect them from any injury as well as provide nutrients to the organs.
Choroid plexus is a wide network of blood capillaries present in the brain. The CSF is produced in these capillaries. It can be found in the ventricles of the brain.
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