Acetylcholine serves as the main neurotransmitter for both preganglionic neurons and the neurons of the parasympathetic ganglia.
The parasympathetic nervous system plays a pivotal part in a variety of physiological processes, including pupil dilation in response to light, lacrimal and salivary stashing, beat- to- beat control of heart rate, coordinated gastrointestinal motility and stashing, evacuation of the bladder and rectum, and kickback penile construction. The preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are set up either in the brainstem or in the intermediolateral cell columns at the S2- S4 parts of the holy spinal cord, and they give off labors to parasympathetic ganglia that are positioned either either outside or inside the walls of the target organ. Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter used by preganglionic neurons as well as neurons in the parasympathetic ganglia.
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_____ is a process in which plants take energy from the sun or other light source and convert it into sugar, which can be converted to other food molecules.
Plants use a process called photosynthesis to transform the energy either the sun or another light source into sugar, which can then be transformed into other food molecules.
How does photosynthesis work?The process whereby the plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine into oxygen and sugar-based energy is known as photosynthesis. The sustainability of the vast bulk of life on this planet depends on photosynthesis.
How is photosynthesis so crucial to our survival?On a frequent basis, photosynthesis provides humans with the energy to generate heat, light, & electricity as well as the food they eat. Moreover, as autotrophs contribute to practically all food chains as manufacturers, this mechanism is also crucial for humans.
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The sodium-potassium pump is involved in establishing the resting membrane potential.T/F
True. A resting membrane potential is established by the sodium-potassium pump.
How does a membrane potential get established by the sodium-potassium pump?The Na+/K+ pump converts three internal Na+ ions into two external K+ ions using the energy with one ATP molecule (Glitsch, 2001).As a result, the pumps is electrogenic and hyperpolarizes the membrane potential by extruding 1 net charge every cycle.
What function would the Na +- K+ pumps have in ion flow?The Na+/K+-pump is indeed an active transporter it moves both ions across the nerve cell membrane against concentration gradients using ATP hydrolysis as just an energy source. It performs specialized tasks related to the production of the nerve impulse as well as the upkeep of other active transport.
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what is the function of the aortic semilunar valve
The aortic semilunar valve is a valve that connects the left ventricle to the aorta. This valve is known as a semilunar valve because it is made up of three skin flaps/cusps shaped like half-moons.
The aortic semilunar valve controls blood flow through the left ventricle and into the aorta. The semilunar valve is a "one-way" valve, which means that blood can only flow in one direction (out of the left ventricle and into the aorta). When the left ventricle contracts, the skin flaps of this valve open, allowing blood to flow from the ventricle to the aorta. When the left ventricle does not contract, the semilunar valve closes, preventing blood from flowing backward into the ventricles.
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In what way has the development of cellular phones been characteristic of the modern era.
Cellular phones been characteristic of the modern era as they has made the spread of cultures and ideas easier in todays modern era.
What impact these Cellular phones have on us ?The advent of the cell phone has changed our views and expectations. It is normal for people to call other people from their cell phones to let them know if they will be late for a meeting.
Well now It is no longer necessary to reach consensus on the meeting's schedule and place. To communicate their whereabouts, people can simply call each other on their cell phones.
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What types of lenses do we have in our eyes?
A. Converging (concave)
B. Diverging (convex)
Answer: B. Diverging (convex)
Explanation: your eyes stick out not in
Answer:
B. Diverging ( convex )
Explanation:
Those are the types of lenses that we have
Why is the hypothalamus a major coordinating and control center? It contains autonomic centers and acts as an endocrine orga
The sophisticated control and coordination center is located in your hypothalamus, a structure deep inside your brain.
Its principal responsibility is to keep your body in a constant state of equilibrium known as homeostasis. It accomplishes this by directly influencing your autonomic nervous system or by regulating hormones. The pituitary gland is influenced by a number of releasing and inhibiting hormones from the brain that encourage the synthesis of pituitary hormones. Some of the pituitary hormones influence other glands spread throughout the body, while others have an effect on the target organs directly. The endocrine system, autonomic system, and somatic behavior are all controlled by hypothalamic output. The region below the thalamus has 11 distinct nuclei.
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What are the 3 most important body systems?.
Answer:
Circulatory, Digestive & Respiratory.
Explanation:
circulatory system:
The circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products, like carbon dioxide.
respiratory system:
The cells in our bodies need oxygen to stay alive. Carbon dioxide is made in our bodies as cells do their jobs. The lungs and respiratory system allow oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also letting the body get rid of carbon dioxide in the air breathed out.
Digestive system:
Digestion is important for breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. Food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients before the blood absorbs them and carries them to cells throughout the body.
Why do alleles from linked genes assort independently, if crossing over DOES occur?
a. They are transmitted together (on the same chromosome), instead of being transmitted independently of each other.
b. They end up on different chromosomes, so are then transmitted independently of each other.
c. Crossing over is random, so the closer genes are on the chromosome, the less likely crossing over is to occur.
d. They are involved in the same traits, so are transmitted together.
Since gene crossing over is a random process, it is less likely to happen when genes are near together on a chromosome. The right response in this case is option C.
Crossing over occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This process can cause alleles of linked genes to assort independently because it can move the alleles to different chromosomes.
However, the closer two genes are on a chromosome, the less likely it is for a crossover to occur between them, resulting in an increased linkage between these genes. This is why genes that are located closer together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together more often than genes that are farther apart.
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has an anticodon on one end and an amino acid on the other end?
An anticodon is a trinucleotide sequence that is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and is found at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule.
What contains both an anticodon and an amino acid?
The amino acids that tRNAs deliver to the mRNA are delivered in a specific order. This order is established by an attraction between a codon, which is a three-nucleotide sequence on the mRNA, and an anticodon, which is a complementary triplet of nucleotides on the tRNA.
What possess an anticodone and carries an amino acid?
Each tRNA contains the anticodon for a specific mRNA codon and carries the amino acid corresponding to that codon to the ribosomes during translation.
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Identify all the statements that describe the benefits of microbes from a human perspective. Check All That Apply
1-Nitrogen gas is not accessible for use by most organisms without the help of some microbes.
2- It has been hypothesized that since some microbes are photosynthetic and therefore release oxygen into the environment, today's oxygen levels are a direct result of their presence on earth.
3-Microbes can cause disease.
4-Microbes degrade/recycle metabolic wastes from other living organisms.
Microbes degrade/recycle metabolic wastes from other living organisms.
What is microbe ?Microbes aid in food digestion, aid in nutrient absorption, and compete with pathogenic bacteria in the intestines. They create proteins and vitamins that human genes are incapable of producing. They also help the immune system fight infections and disorders across the entire human body by preventing the formation of dangerous skin germs.
Microorganisms, often known as microbes, are minute organisms that can be either single cells or colonies of cells.
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Which layer of earth's atmosphere is most strongly affected by conditions on the sun's surface?.
The thermosphere layer of the earth is most affected by conditions on the surface of the sun.
What layer of the atmosphere is the sun's greatest influence on?
The thermosphere is a region where temperatures once more increase with height and is situated above the mesopause. The intense UV and X-ray radiation from the sun has been absorbed, causing this increase in temperature.
Which atmospheric layer is most impacted by the weather?
Troposphere. This region, which is frequently referred to as the lower atmosphere, is where most weather occurs. The troposphere extends from the surface of the Earth to a height of 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km).
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where is the crater from the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs
Answer:
it's Chicxulub crater
Explanation:
good luck hope it helps
in the process of neurotransmission, the action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released from the ______________ into the _______________.
In the process of neurotransmission, the action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released from the synaptic vesicles into the synapse.
Neurotransmission is an essential process in biology, allowing the communication between neurons in the brain and body.
In this process, action potentials cause neurotransmitters to be released from synaptic vesicles into the synapse, where the neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the postsynaptic cell.
This binding triggers a response in the postsynaptic cell, either excitatory or inhibitory.
This neurotransmission process is the basis of communication in the nervous system, and is an essential part of how our bodies and brains work.
Neurotransmission is the process by which information is passed from one neuron to another. In this process, an action potential is generated, triggering the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles into the synapse.
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A scientist has some purple-flowered peas plants. She wants to find out if the pea plants are homozygous for the purple flower color. What cross will be best to find out if the purple flowered peas are homozygous?
The best cross to find out if the purple-flowered peas are homozygous is a monohybrid cross. In a monohybrid cross, the scientist would cross the purple-flowered pea plant with another pea plant that has a different flower color (such as white), and observe the phenotype (observable characteristics) of the offspring.
If the purple-flowered pea plant is homozygous for the purple flower color (PP), all of the offspring will also have purple flowers. However, if the purple-flowered pea plant is heterozygous (Pp) for the purple flower color, some of the offspring will have white flowers. This is because the offspring will inherit one allele (version) of the gene for flower color from each parent. If the purple-flowered parent is homozygous, it will pass on a purple allele in each case; if it is heterozygous, it will pass on either a purple or white allele.
By observing the flower color of the offspring, the scientist can determine whether the parent plant is homozygous or heterozygous for the purple flower color allele. If all the offspring have purple flowers, the parent plant is homozygous. If some of the offspring have white flowers, the parent plant is heterozygous.
Answer:
As we know, purple flowered peas plants are a dominate traits.
The purple flowered pea plants that the scientist has might be heterozygous(Pp) or homozygous (PP).
The best cross to find out what alleles those purple flowered peas are carrying, is to cross it with heterozygous purple flowered pea plant...
we have:
Heterozygous purple-flowered peas crossed with unknown alleles for purple-flowered peas.
Pp X P_Now, we have two options
a) Pp X Pp
Results will be :
PP, 2Pp, pp3=purple-flowered peas
1= white- flowered peas
(75% purple and 25% white)
b) Pp X PPResults will be :
2PP, 2Pp
4 = purple-flowered peas
(100% purple)
Now,
If all the results were purple-flowered peas then the plants she has are homozygous
And if some of the results were white-flowered peas then the plants she has are heterozygous
What is the importance of the study of cell division in the field of medicine What other fields of science is cell division important?.
All living things depend on cell division for growth, repair, and reproduction, hence it is a crucial process all living things. Damaged cells are renewed as a result of this process. the creation of new cells from existing ones.
For you to grow and for your wounds to heal, cells must divide. Cells must also stop dividing at the appropriate time. Cancer can result from a cell's inability to stop dividing when it should, which is a condition known as cell division failure. Some cells, like skin cells, divide often.
Some cells in growing organisms perish or sustain damage, necessitating replacement. Some single-celled creatures exclusively reproduce by a specific sort of mitosis. Cell division in multicellular organisms increases the overall number of cells, allowing for individual growth and change.
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in 2-3 sentences, describe how the bird population changed over the 5 years of feeding and reproducing.
The bird population may have changed over the 5 years of feeding and reproducing ide to an environmental constraint that led to the increase of adaptive alleles in the new environmental conditions.
What are adaptive alleles?Adaptive alleles can be defined as gene variants that are present in the original population and they can increase their frequency in presence of a new environmental condition and or factors.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that adaptive alleles can dramatically increase the frequency in a population in response to changes in the environmental conditions.
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Which of the following typically increases genetic diversity in a population?
a. Genetic drift occurs only in small populations.
b. Inbreeding increases genetic diversity.
c. Gene flow can introduce new alleles into a population.
which observation suggests that eukaryotes may share a more recent common ancestor with bacteria than with archaea?
Many yeast metabolism-related genes resemble bacterial genes more so than archaeal genes, which is a discovery that shows eukaryotes and bacteria may have had a more recent common ancestor.
The majority of the genes in eukaryotic genomes come from bacteria. 56% of eukaryotic genes are on average from bacteria, 53% come from eukaryotes without plastids, and 61% come from photosynthetic eukaryotic lineages, where the cyanobacterial ancestor of plastids contributed more genes to the eukaryotic lineage. In order to adapt to the nutrient-rich environment of the cells they infect, intracellular parasites go through a process of reductive evolution in which they give up bacterial genes involved in metabolic functions. The human parasite Encephalitozoon intestinalis, which has 86% genes of archaeal and 14% of bacterial origin, exhibits the most dramatic adaptive gene loss.
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The complete question is:
Which observation suggests that eukaryotes may share a more recent common ancestor with bacteria than with archaea?
Many genes that affect metabolism in yeast are more similar to bacterial than archaeal genes.Bacteria have circular chromosomes.Bacteria are unicellular.Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.Bacteria do not have a nuclear envelope.Archaeal membranes contain branched isoprene chains.which characteristic is a strength of epidemiological studies?
The characteristic strength of epidemiological studies are that it can narrow down the list of possible causes and raise questions to pursue through other types of studies.
Epidemiological studies refers to the research based study which helps in identification and distribution of specific diseases in a given population. Epidemiology involves collection of data, and a systematic study through which relations and its effect are set. The population is selected through survey and no random sampling is done. It is important to know about the disease and the kind of population taken in the study before actually performing any research/ experiment. The major disadvantage of this study is lack of control on the variables whose effect or value may change with the changing environment.
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the repeated pattern of growth and division in cells is called
Eukaryotic cells go through a cycle of repeated growth and division known as the cell cycle. There are three phases to this cycle: G1, S, G2. Cell division takes place in the final two phases.
What exactly is cell division and growth?Mitosis is an essential life process. A cell divides into two identical daughter cells during mitosis, during which it duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes. Certain genes carefully regulate the stages of mitosis because of the importance of this process.
Which stage of the cell cycle—interphase mitosis or cytokinesis—takes the longest?The longest phase of the cell cycle is called interphase. Before entering mitosis, the cell grows and copies its DNA during this phase. Chromosomes will align, split, and form new daughter cells during mitosis. Since interphase occurs in between mitotic (M) phases, the prefix inter- means between.
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Who studied inheritance of traits in pea plants?.
Gregor Mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants.
Mendel created three laws of inheritance that characterised the transfer of genetic features through pea plant breeding before anybody knew what genes were. Peas are readily cultivated in great quantities, and their reproduction may be controlled. Peas also have male and female reproductive organs, allowing them to self-pollinate in addition to cross-pollinate. Mendel is regarded as the father of genetics because to his seminal work on heredity in pea plants 150 years ago. Mendel launched a series of experiments just at monastery in 1856 to discover how features are handed down through the generations. It was considered at the time that the qualities of the parents were merged together in their offspring.
Mendel examined pea inheritance (Pisum sativum). He picked peas because they had previously been used in comparable trials, they are easy to cultivate, and they can be seeded every year. Pea blooms have both male and female components, known as stamen & stigma, and self-pollinate. Self-pollination occurs even before flowers open, resulting in offspring from a single plant.
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How will the offspring be affected if one of the gametes carry an impaired number of haploid chromosomes?.
The offspring will suffer if one of the gametes or one of the parents has an abnormally low number of haploid chromosomes. This may result in a number of different genetic problems.
Trisomy occurs when a gamete with two copies of a chromosome fuses with a normal gamete during fertilization; monosomy occurs when a gamete with no copies of a chromosome fuses with a normal gamete during fertilization. In both humans and other animals, autosomal monosomy usually results in death.
Normally, the gamete or zygote will be discarded. It will either die shortly after birth or be susceptible to various genetic changes if it survives the gestation period. In sexually reproducing animals, the gametes have half as many chromosomes as the parents do.
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what sublevels are filled in the transition elements
As stated before, transition metals are also called the d block because they fill up the d sub levels.
what is transition elements?
Transition elements (also known as transition metals) are elements that have partially filled d orbitals. IUPAC defines transition elements as an element having a d subshell that is partially filled with electrons, or an element that has the ability to form stable cations with an incompletely filled d orbital.Transition metals are found in the periodic table between the s-block and p-block elements. Thus, they are called d-block elements. Transition metals are unstable metals that display transitional behavior between s and p block elements, thus their name.Some of the most important and useful transition metals have very low crustal abundances—e.g., tungsten, platinum, gold, and silver. Four of the regular transition metals were known to the ancients: iron (ferrum), copper (cuprum), silver (argentum), and gold (aurum).To learn more about elements refers to:
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fungal organisms morphologically consistent with candida spp.
The hyphae are the vegetative form of filamentous fungi, which possess a thread-like structure. fungal organisms morphologically consistent with candida spp. refers to the infection.
There is a morphological consistency between the commensal lactobacillary flora, which includes species that are suppliers of candida organisms, and the fungi. According to the results of the repeat cotest, there is a derangement of species that are morphologically consistent with tumor-causing fungi. At the time of initial presentation, other risk factors are minimal. Instances of other non-neoplastic findings that are not prescribed Organisms Fungal organisms having plug-in flora-conforming morphology. the Vol. JMSCR Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research. Candida is effectively not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Thrush is a yeast infection that is always present and is not person-transmitted.
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How are ultraviolet light and the ozone layer connected?
a. Ultraviolet light destroys the ozone layer
b. Ultraviolet light and ozone are not connected
c. Ultraviolet light reactions rebuild the ozone layer
d. ultraviolet light disrupts cloud formation - limiting the ozone layer
Option a. Ultraviolet light destroys the ozone layer describes the connection of ultraviolet light and the ozone layer
Ultraviolet (UV) light is a type of electromagnetic radiation that exists in the spectrum of light between visible light and X-rays. The ozone layer is a region of the Earth's stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) molecules, which protects the Earth's surface from the harmful effects of UV radiation.
When UV light reaches the ozone layer, it can cause the ozone molecules to break apart, resulting in a decrease in the overall amount of ozone in the atmosphere. This process is known as ozone depletion. The destruction of ozone is caused by UV-B light and man-made chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that release chlorine and bromine atoms that are highly reactive to ozone.
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T or F A plant does not need its seed once it has leaves
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Which of the following lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
Answer:
C. observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment/observation, conclusion
Explanation:
The interaction of which two systems provides the molecules needed for the metabolic activity that takes place at ribosomes?.
Digestive and circulatory are the two systems provides the molecules needed for the metabolic activity that takes place at ribosomes.
What are Ribosomes?A ribosome is a sophisticated molecular engine found inside living cells that synthesises proteins from amino acids, also known as translation. All live cells undertake protein synthesis, which is one of their fundamental functions.
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes, which are specialised cell organelles. Ribosomes are essential for the creation of proteins in every live cell.
The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that this cell organelle binds to carries information that is decoded by the mRNA's nucleotide sequence. They enter the ribosome at the acceptor site and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) that contain amino acids. Once it is attached, it continues to add amino acids to the tRNA's expanding protein chain.
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What is the name of the process that converts RNA into amino acids chains and then proteins?.
A protein is created through the process of translation from the data included in a messenger RNA molecule (mRNA). Then the so-called start codon of the mRNA sequence attaches to a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule carrying the amino acid methionine.
As DNA cannot leave the nucleus, the mRNA messenger carries the DNA code dictating the amino acid sequence to the protein synthesis machinery (ribosomes). Transcription is the process of creating mRNA that carries the DNA's message. The translation is the process of creating protein molecules with an amino acid sequence that matches the coding found in mRNA. The information in the messenger RNA is read and then the respective amino acid sequence is synthesized which forms the final protein product.
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What are the characteristics of a visceral reflex? Select all that apply.
-Voluntary
-Automatic
-Stereotyped
-Conscious
-Unconscious
-Unpredictable
Unconscious, Stereotyped and Automatic are the characteristics of a visceral reflex. reflex can be from birth or it may come in between.
Both visceral and somatic reflexes are possible. In visceral responses, internal organs like the heart, blood vessels, or GI tract structures respond glandurally or non-skeletally. For the purpose of eliciting their behaviours, they use neurons in the autonomic nervous system. The section on the autonomic nervous system has covered visceral reflexes in further detail. Somatic reflexes, on the other hand, entail motor reactions from the skeletal muscles that are not conscious. These reflexes accomplish so by using a few of the same lower motor neurons (alpha motor neurons) that are responsible for controlling skeletal muscle during conscious movement. Given how quickly they work, somatic reflexes make sense in that they frequently serve to keep us safe from harm.
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