Lichens are examples of pioneer species, thus the correct answer is option (A). Lichens.
In an area that was not previously inhabited by any living species, a primary succession takes place. For instance, a glacier that is melting or a place that has recently seen volcanic activity. The first species to settle in an area and create conditions that will allow other species to survive is known as the pioneer species. An illustration of a pioneer species in primary succession is a lichen. Acids that are released by the lichens break down the rocks, causing the soil particles to wither. Plant growth is aided by the production and agglomeration of soil particles.
The proper answer is:
Which of the following are pioneer species?
A) lichens
B) aspen trees
C) zebra mussels
D) beavers
E) wolves and mountain lions
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The many steps of glycolysis all exist in a state of dynamic equilibrium between reactant and product concentrations. Which of the following actions does NOT affect the equilibrium position of a reaction?
A. Adding or subtracting heat
B. Adding or removing a catalyst
C. Increasing or decreasing concentrations of reactants
D. Increasing or decreasing volumes of reactants
Adding or removing a catalyst does not affect the equilibrium position of a reaction
Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH and water. The process takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell and does not require oxygen. It occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms
Glycolysis is divided into 3 stages:
Stage 1 (Priming stage)
Stage 2 (Splitting stage)
Stage 3 (Oxidoreduction-phosphorylation stage)
Energy Balance Sheet for glycolysis
The scheme of glycolysis was given by Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas. Hence it is also known as the EMP pathway
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in the sentences with the appropriate words character displacement The survive together. One species will be driven to local extinction states that two species with overlapping niches cannot resource partitioning In order for complete exclusion from an area to be avoided can occur whereby similar sympatric species evolve slightly different ecological niches allopatric If the evolution of different niches is the result of morphological changes, then etitive exclusion hypothe has occurred sympatric The evolution of morphological differences between two species should be greater when they arethan when they are due to selective pressures t diversify niches in the face of competition. predator avoidance hypothesis
Two species compete with one another for the same scarce resource in niche. The ecological role that a species plays is essentially determined by the environment, resources, and interactions that it requires.
Numerous ecological communities' dynamics are impacted by predator avoidance behavior, which occurs when prey restrict foraging activity when predator dangers are present. Predator avoidance behavior is still not generally taken into account in the theory, despite the theory's growing recognition of the role predation plays in coexistence. Predation generally has a detrimental impact on the diversification of prey through reduced population sizes, reduced disruptive selection, and the exclusion of prey from certain niche spaces.
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at the genetic level, biological evolution is: at the genetic level, biological evolution is: natural selection. a population change over time. a change in fitness over time. a change in allele frequencies over time. an increase in fitness over time.
At the genetic level, biological evolution is a change in allele frequencies over time.
What is biological evolution?
In populations of organisms, biological evolution is the change in hereditary features through successive generations. Adaptation is a crucial evolutionary process in which natural selection modifies variance in the fitness of characteristics and species to make them better suited for survival in particular ecological settings. Therefore, understanding the mechanics of evolution requires understanding how developmental changes are mediated.
Model organisms are used frequently to study biological processes. A model organism is a species that is thoroughly researched in the lab with the hope that the findings will be applicable to various biological processes.
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In a pond, tadpoles eat algae and fish eat the tadpoles. Above the pond, grasshoppers eatgrass, and, at night, are preyed upon by bats. Other bats eat the fish that eat the tadpoles. Inthis community, the algae are:A) primary producersB) primary consumersC) secondary consumersD) tertiatry consumersE) decomposers
In a pond, tadpoles eat algae and fish eat the tadpoles. Above the pond, grasshoppers eatgrass, and, at night, are preyed upon by bats. Other bats eat the fish that eat the tadpole,Inthis community,B) primary consumers
The plants are the producers.primary consumers or Herbivores are the main consumers because they solely consume plants. Carnivores and omnivores are secondary consumers.Tadpoles are, in my opinion, this community's main consumers. An ecological community is made up of all the populations of every species that can be found in a particular area. Herbivores that eat plants, which are the primary producers of all the energy in an ecosystem, are the principal consumers. Tadpoles are the main consumers in this scenario because they consume the major producer, which is algae.
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Sequencing results can determine SNPs in cancer cells or provide evidence for large-scale mutations. You sequenced a tumor genome and a healthy tissue genome, then aligned your sequences with a reference genome. ((Given))
The blank region indicated by the arrow means that there are more reads in cancer cells compared to healthy cells. True or False?
False
The results of sequencing can identify SNPs in cancer cells or show evidence of widespread mutations. FALSE
The blank area denoted by the arrow indicates that cancer cells have more readings than healthy cells
Then, they may determine whether a specific SNP pattern in any region of DNA is related to cancer. Researchers will examine the DNA of many patients (referred to as "cases") who have a certain type of cancer and compare their SNP patterns to those of healthy controls (referred to as "controls").
If a large enough sample size is sequenced, population sequence data can be used for SNP detection even in the absence of precise base quality values. Using sequencing data from the Illumina GA, we have shown the effectiveness of population SNP calling.
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Which teeth do you use for piercing and tearing write the number of these teeth
Answer:
Canines Your four canines
Explanation:
Canines Your four canines (fangs) are the next type of teeth to develop. These are your sharpest teeth and are used for ripping and tearing food apart.
Which substance(s) produced in one part of a plant affect(s) another part?
a. herbicides
b. enzymes
c. oxygen and nitrogen
d. hormones
The early growth stage of a plant embryo is called
a. germination.
b. dormancy
. c. fertilization.
d. pollination.
The gametophytes of gymnosperms live inside reproductive structures called
a. cones.
b. angiosperms.
c. flowers.
d. embryos.
Which of the following statements is true about bryophytes?
a. They have specialized tissues that conduct water
. b. They are a group of plants made up of
algae and mosses.
c. They are not highly dependent on water
. d. They draw up water by osmosis.
The outer covering of a plant consists of
a. meristematic tissue.
b. dermal tissue.
c. ground tissue.
d. vascular tissue
option D is correct
The early growth stage of a plant embryo is called germination.Option A is correct.
The gametophytes of gymnosperms live inside reproductive structures called cones.Option A is correct.
The following statements is true about bryophytes is that they are a group of plants made up of algae and mosses.Option B is correct.
The outer covering of a plant consists of dermal tissue.
Option b is correct.
What is germination?Germination is described as the process of seeds, beginning to grow into plants through early development of roots, shoots, and leaves.
Germination sometimes occurs early in the development process; the mangrove (Rhizophora) embryo develops within the ovule, pushing out a swollen rudimentary root through the still-attached flower.
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What type of reproductive isolation is
occurring between the two owl species?
A. temporal isolation this is the answer
B. gametic isolation
C. photosynthetic isolation
Answer: The answer is A
Explanation: Temporal means "isolated in time" and occurs whenever two species reproduce at different times during the year yet live in the same location. This can lead to unsuccessful mating.
Temporal isolation also occurs amongst carefully associated animal species.
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What is the false belief that there is a relationship between physical traits and certain behavioral traits such as intelligence and morality?a. Biological determinismb. Monogenismc. Homeostasisd. Polygenisme. Eugenics
The fallacious notion that there is a connection between certain behavioral attributes, such as intelligence and morality and physical characteristics is known as biological determinism.
The biological determinism theory holds that the majority of physical and mental traits of an individual are predetermined at conception by hereditary variables that are passed from parent to child.
The notion that all human behavior is intrinsic and predetermined by DNA is known as biological determinism. Evidence for biological determinism can be found in studies of the human genome. For instance, studies have discovered that the gene IGF2r may play a role in intellect.
According to the biological determinism theory, most decisions people make are influenced by their parents' genetic composition. It is also known as biologism, bio-determinism, and genetic determinism.
Option A is the right response, so that is what it is.
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increased blood glucose levels immediately following a meal will cause the pancreas to insulin secretion, but as blood glucose levels drop between meals, the pancreas will insulin secretion.
increased blood glucose levels immediately following a meal will cause the pancreas to increase insulin secretion, but as blood glucose levels drop between meals, the pancreas will decrease insulin secretion.
In the process of digestion, insulin is secreted by the pancreas so that the sugar can be degraded and the sugar levels in the blood can be brought to normal.
When a person has recently had a meal, then the glucose levels in the blood will rise due to glucose. Hence, the pancreas will secrete more insulin to bring the sugar levels to normal.
When it has been hours after a person has taken a meal, the sugar levels in the blood decrease. Due to this, the secretion of insulin by the pancreas is decreased in order to maintain blood sugar levels.
The question will correctly be written as:
Fill In The Blank
Increased blood glucose levels immediately following a meal will cause the pancreas to ______ insulin secretion, but as blood glucose levels drop between meals, the pancreas will _______ insulin secretion
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Question ( point) See page 927 During phagocytosis, the cytoplasmic membrane of the phagocyte flows around, and then engulfs, the bacterium, producing an intracellular phagosome. Subsequent phagosome-lysosome fusion results in both oxygen-independent and oxygen-dependent killing pathways. 1st attempt See Hint Sort the descriptions as they apply to either oxygen-independent or axygen-dependent killing pathways. Descriptions (8 items) (Drag and drop into the appropriate area below) No more items Killing Mechanisms Oxygen-Independent Oxygen-Dependent Sequestering of iron away from the microbe Involve hydrogen peroxide Activated through Toll-like Incude receptors Involve free radicals Involve superoxide ion Involve NADPH oxidase Include defensins
For this query, the following options are available:
They are "slippery" to phagocytes due to their capsules, which also inhibit the merger of the lysosome and phagosome.
c) They destroy the phagocyte by causing the lysosomes to release their contents into it.
Their capsules make them "slippery" to phagocytes, which is the right response. Because of the polysaccharide nature, the components of the S. pneumoniae bacterial surface are highly slippery and resist phagocyte engulfment. Other than this, the S. pneumoniae capsule does have an anti-phagocytic effect.Injury in complex animals leads to a process known as margination. Blood capillaries enlarge and white blood cells (phagocytes and leukocytes) cling to the endothelial cells of blood vessels during the early stages of inflammation at the site of the injury.
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How long would it take sound waves traveling through air that is 68°F to travel 1,372 meters? Use an equation to solve the problem.
The time taken by the sound waves traveling through the air will be 2.87 seconds.
What is Algebra?Algebra is the study of abstract symbols, while logic is the manipulation of all those ideas.
The air that is 68°F to travel 1,372 meters.
68°F = 293.15 K
The velocity of air is given as,
v = 331.3 × √[1 + (T / 273.15)]
v = 331.3 × √[1 + (293.15 / 273.15)]
v = 477.028 m/s
Then the time taken is given as,
t = d/v
t = 1372 / 477.028
t = 2.87 seconds
The time taken by the sound waves traveling through the air will be 2.87 seconds.
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All of the following are involved in the generation of an allergic response EXCEPTwhich one?A) allergenB) IgEC) IgGD) mast cells and basophilsE) histamine
The generation of an allergic response to Immunoglobulin.
Allergic reactions are beside-the-point responses of the immune system to a usually innocent substance. typically, allergies motivate sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, a runny nose, itchy skin, and rash. a few allergies, known as anaphylactic reactions.
When your body is hypersensitive to certain stimuli, its bad reaction may be categorized into four distinct styles of allergy: anaphylactic, cytotoxic, immunocomplex, or cellular-mediated. everyone is prompted in unique ways and this may happen otherwise in everybody.
It starts off evolved when you come into contact with a trigger that you inhale, swallow, or get for your pores and skin. In response, your frame starts to make a protein called IgE, which grabs onto the allergen. Then histamine and other chemicals get released into the blood. That causes the signs and symptoms you be aware of.
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what catalyzes dna synthesis? view available hint(s)for part a what catalyzes dna synthesis? replication fork dna polymerase dntps primer
The catalyzes dna synthesis majority of first-strand cDNA synthesis procedures involve a PCR step that produces second-strand cDNA.
This holds true whether the goal is to synthesize a conventional cDNA library, map transcripts, or measure the abundance of a particular cDNA. There are many ways to execute PCR, and these methods frequently use primer pairs and well-designed catalyzes dna synthesis primers. A thorough description of these methods is better placed under the heading of "RT-PCR," which is the topic of as the permutations are numerous and extensive, and the tactics are, to put it mildly, diverse.
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"Which of the following are associated with the life cycle of a fern? Select all that apply.
the sporophyte is the dominant stage
germination of spores forms the sporophyte
the gametophyte attaches to the ground with rhizoids
the sperm swims to the egg to form the spores
the sporophyte grows from a gametophyte
sporangia form on the underside of the sporophyt"
The options that are associated with the lifecycle of the fern are:
germination of spores forms the sporophytesporangia form on the underside of the sporophyt"the sporophyte is the dominant stageWhat is the life cycle of the fern?The sporophyte generation is represented by the prominent stage of the life cycle, which is the plant that is known as a fern. The stage of the life cycle between the production of spores through meiosis and fertilization and zygote formation is known as the gametophyte generation.
The sporophyte plant, which undergoes meiosis to create haploid spores, is the main phase of a fern's life cycle when it is in the diploid stage. A gametophyte plant is created when the spores come together to form one. The haploid phase is present in a gametophyte plant.
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this___ both excited and inhabits the activities of the thalamus to control and adjust muscle tone.
The nucleus both excited and inhabits the activities of the thalamus to control and adjust muscle tone of globus pallidus.
In the dorsal region of the diencephalon, there is a substantial mass of gray matter called the thalamus (a division of the forebrain). The cerebral cortex receives nerve fibers released from the thalamus that go in all directions, enabling hub-like information exchanges. It transmits sensory and motor data to the cerebral cortex, where it regulates a variety of processes including awareness, sleep, and alertness. The thalamus is a paired gray matter structure that is superior to the midbrain in the forebrain and is located close to the center of the brain. Its nerve cells extend in all directions to the cerebral cortex. The interthalamic adhesion, a flattened gray band that makes up the upper portion of the lateral wall of the third ventricle, connects the medial side of the thalamus to the comparable surface of the opposing thalamus. The medial and lateral geniculate nuclei, the pulvinar, and the lateral nuclei of the thalamus are located in the lateral section of the brain, which is the phylogenetically youngest region of the thalamus (neothalamus).
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Determining relationships between alleles
You decide to conduct a genetic analysis of these mutant lines by crossing each with a pure wild-type line. The numbers in the F2 indicate the number of progeny in each phenotypic class.
From these results, determine the relationship between the mutant allele and its corresponding wild-type allele in each line.
Label each mutant line with the best statement from the list below. Labels may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Codominance. The dominance in which the two alleles or traits of the genotypes (of both homozygotes) are displayed simultaneously in offspring is referred to as codominance (phenotype). In cross-breeding, neither a dominant nor a recessive allele exists.
How do genes and alleles relate to one another?A gene is a segment of DNA or RNA that controls a certain trait. Genes are subject to mutation and can exist in two or more distinct forms; an allele is one of these forms.
Is the ABO blood types' manner of inheritance indicative of dominance? Is there codominance or regression?Inheritance of the ABO blood type is autosomal dominant. The O allele is recessive and the codominant alleles are A and B.
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what is the founder effect; what is genetic drift; bottleneck effect; genetic drift vs gene flow; what causes genetic drift; population bottleneck; genetic drift example; genetic bottleneck
Alleles alter frequency within a population owing to random sampling in genetic drift. As a result, no modifications are produced.
The transmission of alleles or gametes from one group to another distinguishes gene flow from genetic drift. When a population migrates or becomes geographically isolated, this occurs.
When a population is drastically reduced in number due to a natural disaster (bottleneck effect), or when a small group breaks off from the main population to establish a colony, genetic drift can have serious consequences (founder effect).
The sort of event that produces founder events and population bottlenecks is what distinguishes them.
A founder event happens when a small number of people is isolated from the rest of the population, but a bottleneck effect happens when the majority of the population is annihilated.
For small populations, genetic drift can result in significant genetic variety loss. A population bottleneck occurs when the size of a population is decreased for at least one generation.
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polar molecules cannot easily pass through the cell membrane, but hydrophobic molecules can easily pass through the membrane. the two molecules shown in the diagram both have effects that include raising blood pressure. comparing two molecules, which statement is true?
Ephedrine can be easily pass with the cell membrane more than the epinephrine. Option (A) is Correct.
In reaction to stress, the adrenal medulla releases the hormone epinephrine, which is mediated via sympathetic fibers. Because the gland sits atop the kidney, the word "epinephrine" derives from the Greek words "epi," which means "above," and "nephros," which means kidney. Due to the name of its gland, epinephrine is also known as adrenaline.
For this reason, epinephrine and norepinephrine receptors are often referred to as adrenergic receptors. Based on how the adrenergic receptors responded to epinephrine, norepinephrine, and the adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, Ahlquist classified the adrenergic receptors as either or in 1948. Compared to the receptors, the receptors react to significantly lower amounts of epinephrine or norepinephrine. While epinephrine and norepinephrine affect 1 receptors in roughly similar amounts, 2 receptors are more responsive to epinephrine. Phenoxybenzamine and propanolol both inhibit the receptors.
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Correct Question :
10.cdks called: mitosis a. they will break apart: b. they will work on the that build the spindle.
Mitosis-promoting factors, also known as CDKs, include the nucleus and microtubules. In response toto different extracellular and intracellular signals, it modify transcription and play significant roles in cell division.
What transpires to CDK following mitosis?The cell cycle culminates with the separation of the sister chromatids during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition after M-Cdk has triggered the intricate rearrangements that take place in early mitosis.
What alter proteins do CDKs make?A class of versatile enzymes known as CDKs can alter a variety of protein substrates necessary for cell cycle development. Phosphate groups from ATP are specifically transferred by CDKs to certain lengths of amino acids in the substrates to phosphorylate them.
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Which worm has the thinnest body, when measured dorsoventrally (back to belly)? The thickest? Which worm has the shortest body, when measured anteroposteriorly {head to tail)? The longest?
Roundworms have the thinnest body when measured dorsoventrally.
Earthworms have the shortest body when measured anteroposteriorly {head to tail).
What are roundworms?Roundworms are parasitic worms that belong to the phylum Nematoda. Roundworms are usually animal parasites but also include the plant-parasitic nematodes known as eelworms.
Roundworms are bilaterally symmetrical and usually have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limbs, and no eyes.
Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida. They have externally segmented as well as internally segmented bodies. They are very important soi organisms whose activities help to improve soil fertility.
Measurements of the body plan of the worms are either dorsoventral that is from the back to the belly or anteroposteriorly that is from the head to the tail.
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Match the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
organism
biotic
ecology
ecosystem
abiotic
community
population
is the study of interactions between organisms and their ervironment.
factors are nonliving factors that make up an environment.
factors are living factors that make up an environment.
A(n is an individual living thing, such as a plant, an animal, or a bacterium.
A(n) is a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area.
A(n) consists of all of the organisms that live in the same area at the same time.
A(n) consists of all of the abiotic and biotic factors in an area.
The answers include the following below:
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.Abiotic factors are nonliving factors that make up an environment.Biotic factors are living factors that make up an environment.An organism is an individual living thing, such as a plant, an animal, or a bacterium.A community is a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area.A population consists of all of the organisms that live in the same area at the same time.An ecosystem consists of all of the abiotic and biotic factors in an area.What is a Population?This is referred to as the total number of organisms which are present in an area at the same time.
This can be calculated by using quadrants or a head count depending on the type of organism.
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while studying an emerging population of seals, you're asked to determine if the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium. given the below data determine the chi square and whether the population is in h-w equilibrium. choose the closest numerical answer for the chi-square value and either yes or no regarding whether the population is in hwe. aa - 45 aa - 35 aa - 20
The answer is no while studying an emerging population of seals when determining if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
The Hardy-Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or rule, states that in the absence of any additional evolutionary pressures, allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain stable from generation to generation. A few of these factors are the founder effect, inbreeding and outbreeding depression, mate choice, assortative mating, natural selection, sexual selection, mutation, gene flow, meiotic drive, and genetic hitchhiking.
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In which situation would be genetically identical to the parent Being advantage for an organism?; What is an organism that is genetically identical to its parent?; What type of reproduction when involve two parents and produces offspring that are genetically unique *?; What is the most likely advantage of asexual reproduction cloning offspring from one parent )?
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical kids to a single parent. Two parents contribute genetic information to make distinct children through sexual reproduction.
Because both sexual and asexual reproduction have advantages and downsides, some species do both!
There is just one parent in asexual reproduction. The children are clones of both the parent and each other. Asexual reproduction has several advantages, including the ability to rapidly increase the population when conditions are favorable.
Organisms produced by sexual reproduction have a higher survival rate than organisms produced by asexual reproduction because organisms have variation that is adapted to different environments. They are less susceptible to various diseases.
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Filamentous viruses are classified in part by the pattern of capsid monomers, which form a ____________ tube around the genome
Filamentous viruses are classified by the pattern of capsid monomers, which forms a helical tube around the genome.
A gene is the fundamental and purposeful unit of heredity. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules directed as proteins. but, many genes do now not code for proteins.
Our genes incorporate instructions that inform your cells to make molecules referred to as proteins. Proteins perform various features to keep us healthy. Every gene includes commands that determine your functions, together with eye color, and height.
In human beings, genes vary in length from a few hundred DNA bases to extra than 2 million bases.
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mutation in mitochondrial dna causes which syndrome; what is the result of crossing over; what is crossing over in mitosis; crossing over occurs between; mechanism of crossing over; significance of crossing over; crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis; mitochondrial mutation inheritance
Answer:
Hybrids.
Explanation:
During crossing over, part of one chromosome is exchanged with another. The result is a hybrid chromosome with a unique pattern of genetic material.
Scientists studying rock layers classify the top layer as the most recent, followed by older layers that are uncovered as they dig
deeper. Which law explains this method of relative dating?
A. law of geologic continuity
B. law of lateral continuity
C. law of superposition
D. law of universal position
Answer: C
Explanation:
Which explains why it is important to eat a healthy meal before an afternoon of playing sports?; Which is a product of the cellular respiration reaction glucose carbon dioxide blood cells?; What are water and carbon dioxide in the cellular respiration reaction?; What are water and carbon dioxide in the cellular respiration reaction ?
Food provides the carbon dioxide that is a product of cellular respiration.
The pregame meal is important to eat a healthy meal:
Starches and grains — Good options are bread, cereal, crackers, rice, potatoes and pasta.Fruit — Fresh is best, but frozen, canned or dry is OK too.Milk/yogurt — Fat-free or low-fat milk and yogurt are best.Cellular respiration can occur both aerobically (using oxygen), or anaerobically (without oxygen).During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen, forming ATP that can be used by the cell. Carbon dioxide and water are created as byproducts.The overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration is:In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen react to form ATP. Water and carbon dioxide are released as byproducts.In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen react to form ATP. Water and carbon dioxide are released as byproducts.The three stages of aerobic cellular respiration are glycolysis (an anaerobic process), the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.Hence, Food provides the carbon dioxide that is a product of cellular respiration.
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The molecules listed below all participate in the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Select the answer that represents the order of their involvement in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
I. NAD+
II. Coenzyme A (CoA-SH)
III. Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)
IV. Lipoate (lipoamide)
V. FAD
III. Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP), IV. Lipoate (lipoamide), II. Coenzyme A (CoA-SH), V. FAD, I. NAD+
What 5 processes does pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyze?The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex processes require five coenzymes: lipoic acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, coenzyme A, and thiamine pyrophosphate.
What are the three different types of reactions that enzymes can catalyze?Groups can be transferred from one molecule to another with the help of transferases. Hydrolases use water to dissolve a substrate (hydrolysis). Transfer of e-atoms between molecules during oxidation-reduction is carried out by oxidoreductase.
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What is the best evidence to prove that Irene was heterozygous for hemophilia?
Answer:
Alice carried the recessive allele.
Explanation:
Alice carried the recessive allele is the best evidence to prove that Irene was heterozygous for hemophilia.
