The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule is the nucleotide known in biochemistry as the "molecular currency" of intracellular energy transfer; that is, ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids.
What is ATP molecule?ATP is able to power cellular processes by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule (a process called phosphorylation). This transfer is carried out by special enzymes that couple the release of energy from ATP to cellular activities that require energy.
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate, or ATP, is the principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells. It is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell and can be compared to storing money in a bank.
ATP contains energy in the chemical bonds between its phosphate groups.
ATP consists of adenosine – composed of an adenine ring and a ribose sugar – and three phosphate groups (triphosphate). The phosphoryl groups, starting with the group closest to the ribose, are referred to as the alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) phosphates.
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what can you infer about autonomic nervous system?
Autonomic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system that involves involuntary physiological processes.
It contains three anatomically distinct divisions - sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) contain both afferent and efferent fibers that provide sensory input and motor output, respectively, to the central nervous system. Generally, the SNS and PNS motor pathways consist of a two-neuron series: a preganglionic neuron with a cell body in the CNS and a postganglionic neuron with a cell body in the periphery that innervates target tissues.
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive, web-like structure that is capable of functioning independently of the remainder of the nervous system. It contains over 100 million neurons of over 15 morphologies, greater than the sum of all other peripheral ganglia, and is chiefly responsible for the regulation of digestive processes.
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What cycle of matter does a hyena interact with the most
Hyenas interact with the water cycle of the ecosystem the most, as they need water for survival and for drinking purposes, and every organism that takes something from nature contributes.
What is the significance of the hyena?They are significant to the ecosystem as they maintain it by maintaining predator-prey relationships, they are also of great interest to the scientific community, where they are studied for their body mechanics, but they should be preserved as their population is going down.
Hence, hyenas interact with the water cycle of the ecosystem the most, as they need water for survival and for drinking purposes, and every organism that takes something from nature contributes.
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s it ever possible for an offspring to be born with blood type o if one of their parents was homozygous recessive for o and the other was homozygous for blood type a or b?
Yes, Thus there is a chance of one child with O blood group 1 out of 4.
What is meant by blood group?
The four main blood types (groups) are A, B, AB, and O. The genes you inherited from your parents define your blood type.There are a total of 8 blood types, each of which can be either RhD positive or RhD negative.One of the uncommon blood types is B negative (B -ve), which makes up 1.5% of the population.AB negative, or AB -ve, which makes up 0.6% of the population.AB positive (AB +ve), which affects 3.4% of the population as a whole.Only 1% of our donors have AB negative, the rarest of the eight major blood types. Despite being uncommon, there is little demand for AB negative blood, and donors are easy to come by.To learn more about blood group refer to
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which of the following could cause high blood pressure? (3 points) kidney malfunction that causes abnormally high blood volume kidney malfunction that causes abnormally low blood volume relaxed smooth muscles of vessels that causes abnormally high blood volume constricted smooth muscles of vessels that causes abnormally low blood volume
kidney malfunction that causes abnormally high blood volume causes high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force that flowing blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels (BP).
The heart's work of pumping blood through the circulatory system is primarily responsible for this pressure. The pressure in the major arteries is meant when the word "blood pressure" is used without qualifier. The ratio of diastolic pressure, or the lowest pressure experienced between two heartbeats, to systolic pressure, or the highest pressure experienced during one heartbeat, is frequently used to calculate blood pressure. Millimeters of mercury (mmHg) are used to measure the elevation above the adjacent atmospheric pressure.
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Drag the vocabulary terms onto this concept map about the components of an atom.A. Protons; B. Neutrons; C. Electrons; D. +1; E. Nucleus; F. -1; G. Atomic number; H. Mass number.
Protons, neutrons, and electrons make up the three components of the atom according to our present paradigm. Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no net charge. Each of these components has an associated charge.
An atom with six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons has an atomic number of six. This is so because the number of protons in an atom's nucleus equals the atom's atomic number. An atom of carbon would have an atomic number of six.
A. Protons; B. Neutrons; C. Electrons; D. +1; E. Nucleus; F. -1; G. Atomic number; H. Mass number.
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Cenozo
0102004
mbrion
-66.4-mass extinction-
141-first flowering plants
195-birds evolve from reptiles
230- first dinosaurs and mammals
-245-
200-mass extinction
reptiles appear
first insects
3:40
360-
370- amphibians appear
420-plants colonize land
-540-
700- simple multicellular organisms evolve
2,100 oldest eukaryotic fossils
In each of the layers
of rock, different
fossils can be found
according to major
extinction events.
Comparing fossils at
various depths, one
can compare fossil
records
Relative dating has been defined as the dating method by which the geologically occurred past events are arranged in a sequential order.
What is carbon dating?Carbon dating is the method that enables the geologist to determine the age of the rocks by comparing past events.The amphibians that appeared first, just about 370 million years back.
The elephants that first appeared just about 60-55 million years back, in the Cenozoic era and the dinosaurs existed in the Mesozoic era up to about 65-70 million years back. So, it is clear that elephants appeared after dinosaurs.
Therefore, Relative dating has been defined as the dating method by which the geologically occurred past events are arranged in a sequential order.
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evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approxi- mately equal numbers of males and females. why should this be so? two main kinds of answers have been offered. one is couched in terms of advantage to population. it
According to one theory, the sex ratio will change to maximize the number of encounters between people of the opposing sex. This issue is fundamentally one of "group selection."
In most plants and animals having distinct sexes, the development of sex ratios has resulted in roughly equal numbers of males and females. The sex ratio at birth, the disparity in mortality rates between the sexes at various ages, and gains and losses due to migration all affect the population sex ratio. This "genetic" argument assumes that genes can affect the proportion of male and female offspring that an individual carrying the genes produces. The sex ratio that increases a person's chance of having as many offspring as possible will be preferred.
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in which of the following reactions does water act as a nucleophile? a. glucose polymerization to form starch. b. hydrogen bonding between two nucleotide bases. c. the formation of a peptide from two amino acids. d. the conversion of maltose to glucose.
c. The formation of a peptide from two amino acids in nucleophile. A peptide bond is a type of chemical connection created by fusing the carboxyl groups of two different amino acids.
In essence, a peptide bond is a covalent chemical link of the amide type. This bond connects the C1 of one alpha-amino acid and the N2 of another, linking the two alpha-amino acids in succession. A peptide or protein chain contains this nucleophile connection. Water (H2O) molecules are released when this bond is being formed. A peptide bond is typically a covalent link (CO-NH bond), and because the water molecule is removed, the process is referred to as dehydration. Typically, this action mainly takes place between amino groups. A peptide is a brief polymer made up of amino acid monomers joined together by amide bonds.
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What happens to nutrients and matter in a biogeochemical cycle?
Matters/Materials pass through trophic levels and elements are recycled between ecosystems using biogeochemical cycles. Normally, as nutrients move through the ecosystem, the compounds they form are transformed.
Unlike energy, the matter is recycled in ecosystems. Decomposers release nutrients as they decompose dead organisms. Plants absorb nutrients through their roots. When the primary consumer eats the plant, the nutrients are passed on. Biogeochemical cycles also called nutrient cycles, describe the movement of chemical elements through various media such as air, soil, rocks, water, and organisms. Biogeochemical cycles which keeps essential elements available to plants and other organisms. The term biogeochemical cycling refers to the movement of nutrients such as carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus between biological and geological systems (abiotic elements). Nutrient cycling is therefore called biogeochemical cycling.
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Please help
How does the second line of defense in the immune system fight staphylococcus
I WILL MARK BRIANLIST JUST HELPPPPP
Answer:
THROUGH T CELL ACTIVATION AND B CELL PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES
MARK AS BRAINLIEST
as a group, living things must be able to do all of the following except
(a) make adjustments to nonliving factors around them
(b) maintain a steady internal environment
(c) respond to other organisms
(d) pass an identical genetic code to their offspring for many generations.
Living things do all of the following except make adjustment to non living factors around them
Make adjustment to non living factors around them ?Homeostasis, or the preservation of internal conditions, interacting with other organisms, and heredity, or the transmission of genetic information across generations, are traits shared by all living creatures, including both plants and animals.
However, while they can have an impact on non-living things surrounding them, organisms have no ability to change them.
What is organisms?An organism is a living being with unique qualities like the capacity to develop, reproduce, preserve homeostasis, react to stimuli, and digest food. Based on attributes including size, shape, and complexity, organisms can be divided into various groupings. Among the various types of life are bacteria, fungus, plants, and mammals. From high mountains to deep oceans, organisms can be found in a variety of habitats, and they are essential to preserving the ecosystem's equilibrium on Earth. Over time, organisms have evolved to better fit their surroundings and endure harsh situations. Organismal biology or organismic biology refers to the study of organisms.
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explain what the survival benefits may be of having some of the trait variations. choose 2 to 3 traits to discuss and explain how the different variations can be beneficial
Two traits that can provide survival benefits are color vision and intelligence. A creature can conceal itself from predators and prey by using different colorations or patterns to help it fit in with its surroundings.
Describe how the various versions can be useful?Coat Color: Different coat colors can be beneficial to animals depending on their environment. For instance, animals with lighter coats may have an advantage in cold environments as their color blends in with the snow and helps them to avoid predators.In warmer areas, darker colors may be more advantageous as they absorb more heat and provide better camouflage.Body Size: Animals with larger bodies may be better able to fend off predators due to their size, while smaller animals can be more agile and are able to hide in small spaces.Additionally, larger animals have a greater capacity to store fat reserves which can be beneficial during times of food scarcity.Intelligence: Intelligent animals may have an advantage when it comes to outsmarting predators, or when searching for food.They are also better able to pass on what they have learned to their offspring, which can help increase their chances of survival.Color vision can be beneficial to survival in a variety of ways. Animals with trichromatic vision (having three types of cones) are better able to detect subtle differences in hue, saturation, and brightness, allowing them to more easily distinguish edible fruits and vegetables from poisonous ones. Furthermore, animals with trichromatic vision are also better able to spot predators and other threats in their environment.For instance, a polar bear's white fur helps it blend in with the arctic environment's snow and ice, whereas a tiger's orange and black stripes help it blend in with the long grasses of its forest habitat.Body type: In certain situations, different body types can be advantageous for survival. Smaller animals, for instance, can travel more swiftly and readily through dense forests or small tunnels, whereas larger creatures can better protect themselves from predators.Metabolic adaptations: Differential metabolisms enable organisms to endure in various environments. A rapid metabolism, for instance, enables some species to swiftly turn food into energy, which is advantageous for animals that must catch prey or flee from predators. Other species, which are advantageous to creatures that live in situations with few resources, have low metabolic rates that enable them to go for extended periods without food.These are only a few instances; there are several other characteristic changes that can help creatures survive in various ways.
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if, in this model, the worm absorbs a sufficient amount of oxygen, are there any reasons why natural selection may prevent worms from growing arbitrarily large? explain.
Natural selection may prevent worms from growing arbitrarily large because Darwin’s theory of natural selection had three essential ingredients: variation, inheritance, and selection.
Only those who survive and reproduce will give rise to new variation, and survival and reproduction are determined by interactions with the environment. Given differences in fitness, “sieving” will tend to be non-random.
Given “limitless” variation, prevailing or recurring circumstances can make for accumulation of useful structure. This dependence on environment is what makes for claims about the powers of natural selection (force). An important underlying assumption is that a particular structure is not equally close to any other structure from a developmental point of view.
A mutation yielding an individual of the trait type Tn might be more probable with a Tn-1-parent than with a Tn-2-parent.v So, if the environment is such that Tn-1 replaces Tn-2, this increases the probability of a mutation producing Tn.
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What does disruptive selection cause?
Disruptive selection is an evolutionary mechanism that separates populations. Organisms with intermediate qualities will breed less as a result of disruptive selection.
While organisms with extreme traits would reproduce more. As a result, the alleles for the extreme features become more common.
As established in laboratory selection experiments, disruptive selection increases the variation of quantitative traits, owing to the accumulation of linkage disequilibrium among trait loci.
Disruptive selection enhanced phenotypic variance in the two form traits but did not affect phenotypic variation in wing size. Fluctuating and stabilizing selection reduced phenotypic variation in all characteristics consistently.
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regarding neurons, which of the following statements is false? question 31 options: a) when neurons form vast networks, they produce intelligence and consciousness. b) no two neurons are exactly alike, but most have four basic parts. c) neurons carry information from the senses to the brain and also activate muscles and glands. d) the axons are the tree-root like parts of neurons that are specially designed to receive the messages from other neurons.
Because they are polarised and have discrete morphological regions with different types of receptors, neurons vary from the majority of other cells found throughout the body.
Synapse is a neural junction rather than a component of a neuron. The area between neurons acts as the site of electrical impulse transmission. Because they are polarised and have discrete morphological regions with different types of receptors, neurons vary from the majority of other cells found throughout the body. They are understood to be the spaces between neurons. Despite the enormous variety and billions of neurons, they may be divided into three fundamental kinds based on how they function: relay neurons, which have long dendrites and short axons, and motor neurons, which have short dendrites and long axons (short dendrites and short or long axons). Electrical excitability (mainly across the plasmalemma), secretion (primarily vesicular & peptides extruding channel dependent), molecular synthesis (largely proteins), and growth and plasticity are the four basic functional characteristics of neurons. It has at least one nucleus.
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The soil of the Arctic freezes completely during the winter. During the
summer, a little bit of the top soil turns soft. Arctic plants have special
structures in order to survive in this soil. Based on this information, what
structure of arctic plants is most likely different from other plants?
A. roots
B. stems
C. leaves
D.flowers
small-bodied endotherms thermoregulate more efficiently than large-bodied endotherms because they can circulate body heat more rapidly. group of answer choices true false
The greater the organism's basal metabolic rate is likely to be among endotherms, animals that use body heat to maintain a constant internal temperature.
Across many species, there is a consistent link between mass and metabolic rate that even has a set mathematical equation. In comparison to larger endothermic creatures, smaller ones have a larger surface area per unit mass. Because they lose heat more quickly than larger animals, smaller animals need more energy to maintain a constant body temperature. The majority of the heat required by endotherms is produced internally. They improve metabolic heat generation in cold weather to maintain a consistent body temperature.
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Which nucleotide will base-pair with the enol form of 5-bromouracil? Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine
Guanine
Answer:
The nucleotide that will base-pair with the enol form of 5-bromouracil is thymine. Enol forms of nucleotides are produced when the phosphate group at the 5' position of the nucleotide is removed, and thymine is the only nucleotide that can base-pair with this form of 5-bromouracil.
Which of the following glands can be observed on the ventral surface of the sheep brain? View Available Hint(s) Pineal gland Olfactory bulb Pituitary gland Mammillary body
Pituitary gland can be observed on the ventral surface of the sheep brain.
What is the pituitary gland?Through the hormones it produces, the pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, controls and regulates a variety of biological processes, including: Growth and sexual/reproductive development and function. When one or more of the pituitary hormones are insufficient, this condition is known as hypopituitarism. Your body's regular processes, like development, blood pressure, or reproduction, may be impacted by these hormone deficits. The specific hormone or hormones you are missing will usually affect your symptoms. The pituitary gland is referred to as the endocrine system's master gland.This is due to the fact that it regulates numerous other hormone glands within the body.To learn more about pituitary gland, refer:
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What are 5 environmental factors that influence the growth of organisms?
Environmental factors such as temperature, light, water, nutrients and pollution can have a direct impact on the growth and survival of organisms.
The temperature of the environment can affect the rate of metabolic reactions in organisms, which can influence their growth and development. Light is essential for environmental factor photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert energy from the sun into chemical energy. The environmental factor intensity, duration and wavelength of light can affect the rate of photosynthesis and the growth of plants. Water is essential for the survival and growth of most organisms. Nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are essential for the growth of organisms. Pollution can have a negative impact on the growth of organisms. environmental factor, These factors can vary from place to place and can change over time, influencing the population dynamics and ecosystem function.
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if ants in particular were extermely rare in the region and therfore worthy of special preservation efforts how would that affect you choice of site to conserve
If ants, in particular, were extremely rare in the region and therefore worthy of special preservation efforts, then it would be important to select a site for conservation that is known to be a habitat for the specific ant species that is being protected. This would ensure that the preservation efforts are targeted at the right location and have the greatest chance of success.
When choosing a site for conservation, it is important to consider the specific needs and habitat requirements of the species that is being protected. For example, if the ant species in question is known to inhabit a specific type of ecosystem, such as a forest or a desert, then the conservation site should ideally be located in that type of ecosystem. Also, it is important to consider factors such as the presence of food sources, nesting sites, and potential threats such as habitat destruction or pesticide use in the area. By selecting a site that meets the needs of the species, conservation efforts will have a greater chance of success.
The answer is based on general knowledge, as no context is given.
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a region of the chromosome where two chromatids are attached to one another.
Centromere is the region of the chromosome where two chromatids are attached to one another.
Each chromosome is composed of two identical copies called sister chromatids, which are joined at a specific point called the centromere. The centromere is a region of the chromosome that is responsible for the separation of the sister chromatids during cell division. At the beginning of mitosis and meiosis, the chromatids are replicated and joined together, and the centromere serves as the point of attachment that keeps the chromatids together. During cell division, spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores located at the centromeres and pull the sister chromatids apart towards opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
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A substance that’s been genetically engineered into transgenic rice has the potential to treat cancer
One substance that has been genetically engineered into transgenic rice has the potential to treat cancer. This substance, known as a rice-based therapeutic protein, has been found to have anti-tumor properties, making it a potential treatment for cancer.
The process of genetically engineering a crop like rice to produce a therapeutic protein involves introducing a gene that codes for the protein into the plant's genome. This is done using a technique called recombinant DNA technology, which allows scientists to precisely control the location and expression of the gene within the plant. Once the gene is inserted, the plant is able to produce the protein, which can then be harvested and used as a treatment.
One of the benefits of using transgenic rice as a source of therapeutic proteins is that it is a highly efficient and cost-effective method of production. Rice is a staple crop that is grown in many parts of the world, and it is relatively easy to grow and harvest. Additionally, the cost of producing transgenic rice is significantly lower than that of traditional methods of protein production, such as using bacteria or animal cells.
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what color would gram positive bacteria be if safranin was primary stain and crystl violate was counterstain
The bacterium will appear violet or purple under a microscope if it is Gram positive because it will hold onto the main stain, crystal violet, and not absorb the secondary stain, safranin.
What does primary stain mean?A chemical employed in differential staining's initial phase is called a primary stain. The entire microorganism being tested has its cells coloured by this reagent. Following the use of the decolorizing agent, the main stain may be washed away or retained by the cells, resulting in various microorganism classifications.
What exactly do primary stain and counter stain mean?The main stain is the initial reagent. All cells receive its colour as part of its activity. A mordant, or second stain, is used to intensify the initial stain's colour. the right way around.
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which terms are used when discussing pharmacokinetics? select all that apply. steady state polymorphism onset and duration bioavailability therapeutic window receptor interactions
For pharmacokinetics we use the acronym ABCD, standing for administration, bioavailability, clearance and distribution.
which terms are used when discussing pharmacokinetics?
The four components of Pharmacokinetics are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. This refers to distribution. The other three components of Pharmacokinetics are absorption, metabolism, and excretion.This is closely related to but distinctly different from pharmacodynamics, which examines the drug's effect on the body more closely. The four main parameters generally examined by this field include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).There are four main components of pharmacokinetics: liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (LADME). These are used to explain the various characteristics of different drugs in the body.To learn more about receptor refers to:
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you suggest to use a eukaryotic microorganism for a genetic experiment in lab but your classmate thinks is better to use bacteria. why is your classmate correct?
My classmate is correct because Utilizing bacteria for genetic and biochemical research is advantageous for every one of the aforementioned reasons. Compared to animals and plants, bacteria lack complexity.
Bioremediators include fungi, bacteria, and archaea. The use of bioremediation, a biotechnological procedure involving microorganisms, to eliminate the dangers posed by numerous pollutants through biodegradation.
The genetic makeup of some bacteria has been extensively studied. The life cycles of bacteria can be extremely brief. Compared to animals and plants, bacteria lack complexity.
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scids (severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disorder where a genetic mutation inhibits the production and functioning of t-cells. t-cells are special types of white blood cells that play a role in the body's immune response. a possible symptom of scids would be an increase in the
An increased propensity for infections such as ear infections, pneumonia or bronchitis, oral thrush, and diarrhoea are among the common signs and symptoms. Children with SCID do not grow or acquire weight in accordance with expectations because of recurring infections (failure to thrive).
What does SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mean?Several different genes involved in the growth and operation of infection-fighting immune cells are mutated in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) disorder category of uncommon diseases. At birth, SCID babies seem to be in good health, yet they are prone to developing serious illnesses.
How many SCID patients survive?Infections commonly claim the lives of infants with SCID within the first two years of life if they are not treated. The chances of survival are very good with an early bone marrow transplant, regular follow-up, and timely treatment for infections.
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TRUE/FALSE. Scientists long believed that two nerve clusters in the human hypothalamus, called suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNs), were what controlled our circadian rhythms. Those rhythms are the biological cycles that recur approximately every 24 hours in synchronization with the cycle of sunlight and darkness caused by Earth`s rotation. Studies have demonstrated that in some animals, the SCNs control daily fluctuations in blood pressure,
It is true that SCNs play a critical but not exclusive role in regulating circadian rhythms.
What is circadian rhythms?A circadian rhythm, also known as a circadian cycle, is a natural, internal mechanism that governs the sleep-wake cycle and occurs about once every 24 hours. It can refer to any activity that starts within an organism and responds to its surroundings. SCNs serve an important but not only function in controlling circadian rhythms. The normal 24-hour cycle of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that the body goes through. Circadian rhythms are mostly influenced by light and darkness and are controlled by a tiny portion of the brain in the center.
Here,
It is true that SCNs serve an important but not only function in controlling circadian rhythms.
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you are studying nest building in two bird species. species a builds a long hanging nest while species b builds a short nest that sits on top of tree branches. you interbreed the birds in the lab and then examine the nests that the offspring produce. qtl analysis showed that whether a nest is built to hang or sit is affected by one genetic locus. the length of the nest is also determined by the same genetic locus. what can you infer about the evolution of this behavior? group of answer choices it is a complex behavior that evolved out of a combination of two simpler behaviors. it is a complex behavior where different aspects of the behavior are affected by the same set of genetic instructions. it is a simple behavior that evolved out of a combination of even simpler behaviors. it is a learned behavior without a genetic component.
It is a complex behaviour where various aspects of the behaviour are influenced by the same set of genetic instructions, making option A the correct response.
The reproductive implications must be taken into account when analysing complex behaviours such as nest building for a bird that has never seen a nest. I'll consider the case in which the male bird constructs the nest on his own in the explanation that follows (this is not always the case). The act of building a nest is closely related to reproduction. Through resource acquisition, it shows a male bird's parental qualities to a potential female mate. Additionally, nest building enables a relativistic comparison of prospective partners to the female. A female can evaluate several different nests and decide which one contains the best potential mates.
It is well known that genetics encodes an organism's physical development. The manner in which the systems within the physical organism receive, process, and react to external signals determines the behaviours of that organism in the future (stimuli). Due to the aforementioned affordances offered by the stick's physical characteristics, a bird may be able to distinguish between branches on a tree and sticks it has played with. It will eventually bring a stick up to the tree for whatever reason. This action's justification is arbitrary because it could be justified in a wide variety of ways, some of which might be interesting and others of which might be "bird-brained.
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Which of the following statements about nucleosomes are correct? Choose all that apply. a. Degradation of linker DNA yields DNA fragments of about 200 bp. b. The histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 make up the nucleosome octamer that binds DNA. c. Most histones are small (less than 150 amino acid residues), basic proteins rich in Lys and kg.
d. Partial enzymatic digestion of chromatin results in DNA fragments of about 125 bp. e. DNA binding to histones has the same effect as positive supercoiling.
The core nucleosome performs a fundamental regulatory role, apart from the histone “tails,” which modulate gene activity(e).
What function do nucleosomes and histones play?As a result, the nucleosome not only acts as a generic gene repressor, but also as a repressor of all transcription (genic, intragenic, and intergenic). Apart from the histone “tails,” which control gene activity, the core nucleosome plays a critical regulatory role. Each nucleosome is made up of an octamer core comprising histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 (or additional histone variations in certain situations) and a DNA segment that wraps around the histone core.
The nucleosome is a basic repetition of chromatin made up of 147bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer made up of one H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers. Histones undergo post-translational modification.
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