Warm water runoff that reaches lakes and ponds slows down the metabolic rate of aquatic animals, which decreases primary productivity best describes how thermal power plants can affect aquatic ecosystem.
Thermal pollution refers to any change in a habitat's natural temperature, and it can take many different forms, from the discharge of cold water into nearby streams to the increased temperatures associated with industrial cooling activities disturbing the aquatic ecosystem. Thermal or nuclear power stations, industrial effluents from steel mills, pulp and paper mills, chemical plants, refineries, as well as sewage effluents, are the main sources of thermal heat pollution. The most important condition for aquatic species' survival is the water's ambient temperature. Because temperature increases limit enzyme activity, aquatic plants have a lower rate of photosynthesis. Thermal pollution causes water bodies to become warmer, which reduces the primary productivity and species diversity of aquatic plants. Fish and other species acclimated to a specific temperature range may therefore be killed by the sudden shift in water temperature when a power plant first starts up or shuts down for maintenance or other reasons.
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Which of the following is true concerning acquired circulating pathologic inhibitors to single coagulation factors?
a. They do not cause bleeding symptoms.
b. They cause the same symptoms in the patient as an inherited deficiency of the same factor.
c. They are often found in patients with von Willebrand disease.
d. They are antibodies to the phospholipid in the coagulation reagents.
Acquired circulating pathologic inhibitors to single coagulation factors are an immune-mediated reaction, meaning they cause the same symptoms in the patient as an inherited deficiency of the same factor. The other options are not true.
What is immune-mediated reaction?A immune-mediated reaction is a type of immune response in which the body's immune system reacts inappropriately to a foreign agent or antigen. It is a form of hypersensitivity reaction in which the immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells, tissues and organs, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. This can occur in response to a variety of different stimuli, ranging from infection to drugs, chemicals, or even food proteins. Symptoms of an immune-mediated reaction can range from mild to severe, depending on the severity of the reaction and the affected area of the body. Treatment options vary depending on the type of immune-mediated reaction. Treatment may include medications to reduce inflammation, regulate the immune system, and reduce symptoms, as well as lifestyle modifications to reduce stress and improve overall health.
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This tutorial will take you step-by-step through the question. Shell coiling of the snail Lymnaea peregra results from a genetic maternal effect. An autosomal allele for a right-handed shell, st, called dextral, is dominant over the allele for a left-handed shell, s, called sinistral. In general, snails are hermaphroditic and reproduce as both males and females. However, a pet snail named Martha is sinistral and reproduces only as a female. Martha and her family are shown in the pedigree. Martha's dad Martha's mom Sinistral o Dextral Martha Dextral o Sinistral Sinistral Sinistral o Sinistral Sinistral Sinistral Dextral Dextral Dextral Step 2: Based on the mother's genotype, determine the phenotype expressed in the progeny. Determine the phenotype of the progeny given a specific maternal genotype. Place the expected phenotype of the progeny next to each genotype of the mother. Mother's genotype Phenotype of progeny Answer Bank sts sinistral dextral SS
In this snail population the right handed coiling which is called dextral (S+) is dominant trait over sinistral (S) the left handed coiling.
What is a dominant and recessive trait?
A dominant trait is a trait that is expressed when a single allele is present in an organism. A recessive trait is a trait that is only expressed when two alleles for that trait are present in the organism. For example, the trait for eye color in humans is determined by two alleles: brown (dominant) and blue (recessive). If an organism has one brown allele and one blue allele, the organism will have brown eyes since the brown allele is dominant. If both alleles are blue, the organism will have blue eyes.
So it means that in the table:
The genotype S+S+ & S+S will show the dominant phenotype dextral as it holds the dominant phenotype (S+), and the SS will show the recessive trait sinistral as the trait S is described as the recessive trait.
Mother's genotype Phenotype of the progeny
S+S+ Dextral
S+S Dextral
SS Sinistral
Therefore, dextral (S+) is dominant trait over sinistral (S) in this snail population.
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which of the following adaptations would you not expect to find in an organism that lives in an aquatic ecosystem?
The best answer among the choices is letter thick layer if blubber.
What is meant by layer ?
A thin layer of material on top of a surface, or a layer of material that is distinct from the layers on either side: Two coats of paint were applied.A layer of a material or substance is a quantity or portion of it that lies on top of something else or that is sandwiched in between two other objects.the layer is Layering in computer programming is the division of the code into distinct functional parts that interact sequentially and hierarchically, with each layer often having an interface that only connects to the layer above it and the layer below.To learn more about layer refer to
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Explain why it is incorrect to day that the mice changed because they wanted or needs to change?
Answer:
It is incorrect to say that the mice changed because they wanted or needed to change because evolution is not a conscious process driven by the choices or preferences of the organism. Evolution is a natural process which occurs over a long period of time and is driven by the process of natural selection. Natural selection is the process by which organisms with helpful mutations survive and reproduce more successfully than those without those mutations. Through this process, beneficial traits become more common over time and the population of organisms changes.
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biologists analyze a population of wild geese and determine that this particular population has a high level of genetic diversity. wild geese reproduce sexually. which of the following features of meiosis is most responsible for the genetic diversity in the wild geese?
The homologous double-chromatid chromosome pairs cross across and frequently swap chromosomal segments during prophase of meiosis I. In order to produce chromosomes with a diverse genetic makeup, this recombination allows genes from each parent to mix, resulting in genetic diversity.
What is meiosis I?The process by which most eukaryotic organisms—those whose cells have an ordered nucleus—produce sex cells, or the male and female gametes—is called meiosis. Two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent, are typically present in cells. The paired chromosomes are known as homologous, and this chromosome condition is diploid. One copy of each chromosome is found in each of the four haploid granddaughter cells that meiosis creates from a diploid cell. A species' genetic diversity is boosted through the procedure.Two cell generations go through meiosis at once. Each chromosome undergoes a normal cell division process called mitosis during which it is duplicated, resulting in twin sister chromatids on each chromosome. To create the following generation of identical chromosomes, these linked chromatids later split during mitosis. Each daughter cell only obtains one copy of each chromosome, or the haploid number, and each copy contains two chromatids during meiosis I since the chromatids do not separate during this process. The chromatids split apart and are dispersed to each gamete that is produced during meiosis II.To Learn more About meiosis I Refer To:
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Biologists working in Spain say that their discovery of teeming life in a highly acidic
river may not only broaden the search for life, or for evidence of past life, no other
planets but also show that a number of forms of microscopic life can adapt to conditions
that scientists have long thought hostile to all but the hardiest bacteria.
A. show that a number of forms of microscopic life can adapt to conditions that
scientists have long thought hostile to all but the hardiest bacteria
B. may show that a number of forms of microscopic life is capable of adapting to
conditions that scientists have long thought hostile to all bacteria but the hardiest
ones
C. shows a number of forms of microscopic life to be capable to adapt to conditions
that scientists have long thought had been hostile to all but the hardiest bacteria
D. showing that a number of forms of microscopic life is capable of adapting to
conditions that scientists have long thought had been hostile to all but the hardiest
bacteria
E. showing that a number of forms of microscopic life can adapt to conditions that
scientists have long thought hostile to all bacteria but the hardiest
According to Spanish biologists, their discovery of abundant life in a river with high acidity A. may not only broaden the search for life or evidence of past life on other planets but may also demonstrate that a variety of microscopic forms of life can adapt to environments that scientists have long considered hostile to all but the toughest bacteria.
Tropical rain forests or coral reefs, not rivers that are so acidic they have a pH of 2, which is somewhere between vinegar and stomach acid, are typically associated with biological diversity.
However, when an international team of biologists examined the Rio Tinto, a similar river in southwestern Spain, in greater detail, they discovered the following: hundreds of microbes, including one-celled algae, fungi, yeast, amoebas, and others, some of which appear to be unique to that river.
According to the biologists, their findings may broaden the search for life or evidence of life on other planets and demonstrate that a wide range of microscopic life can adapt to conditions that were previously thought to be hostile to all but the toughest bacteria.
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which of the following is the best example of a conditioned reinforcer? * 1 point a cold root beer for mowing the lawn on a hot day pudding for eating all your peas at supper termination of shock after removing one's finger from a live electric wire a spanking for eating cookies before dinner applause for an excellent piano recital
The best example of a conditioned reinforcer is a cold root beer for mowing the lawn on a hot day.
What is conditioned reinforcer?
A conditioned reinforcer is a stimulus that has been associated with a primary reinforcer and is used to increase the probability of a desired behavior. It is used to reinforce a behavior that has been learned through conditioning. Examples of conditioned reinforcers include verbal praise, tokens, and points.
Therefore, The best example of a conditioned reinforcer is a cold root beer for mowing the lawn on a hot day.
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provide reasoning to explain how mutant 1 can grow on treatment i medium but cannot grow on treatment iii medium.
Mutant 1 can use methionine when it is present in the medium, but it cannot synthesize methionine.
A mutant is an organism or a new genetic character that arises or results from an instance of mutation, which is generally an alteration of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome or chromosome.
It is a characteristic that would not be found in a specimen naturally. A virus with a change in its nucleotide sequence whose genome is in the nuclear genome is also referred to as a mutant.
The natural occurrence of genetic mutations is essential to the evolution process. The study of mutants is an important part of biology; by understanding the effect of a gene mutation, it is possible to determine the normal function of that gene.
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select the appropriate theme of biology: fungi are decomposers that breakdown waste and the remains of dead organisms, changing complex molecules into simple nutrients making nutrients available for plants to take up from the soil.
The theme of biology that best applies to the statement "fungi are decomposers that break down waste and the remains of dead organisms, changing complex molecules into simple nutrients making available for plants to take up from the soil is ecology.
Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment, including how living things interact with one another and with nonliving components of their surroundings. In this context, fungi play an important role in the ecosystem by breaking down organic matter, recycling nutrients, and maintaining the balance of nutrient cycling. In this way, they contribute to the maintenance of soil fertility and the overall health of the ecosystem.
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Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs. Not all tiles will be used.
The image shows how ocean water becomes acidic. Match the letters with the labels to describe the process.
A
acid precipitation
acidic water
condensation of chemicals in the atmosphere
A
B
B
D
417
sulfur dioxide
marine life
It works like this to match letters to their processes, A: Sulphur dioxide, B: The atmospheric condensation, C: Acidic precipitation, D: acid water
What is the atmosphere?
An atmosphere is any of the various layers of gases that are present in a planet or other celestial body.
The image that follows fully illustrates how acid rain works in the atmosphere. In light of this, a brief discussion of the technique for matching letters to their processes was made above.
The atmosphere of Earth is what creates all the clouds you see in the sky, the wind that blows through the leaves of the trees or the flag in your school yard, and even the sunlight that you feel on your face.
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You notice that one of your coworkers is disposing of contaminated materials in the regular trash. You have seen her throw away her gloves, blood-soaked gauze, and tubes of blood in the trash receptacle that is used for paper products and other regular waste. Discuss what possible effects this coworker's actions have on other employees and explain how the employee should have disposed of the contaminated materials.
Answer: Disposing of contaminated waste along with regular trash, such as paper products, is a health hazard and can have severe consequences in the workplace.
Explanation: Biomedical waste such as contaminated gloves, blood-soaked gauze, and tubes of blood are usually incinerated and never disposed of along with regular trash. If a coworker does so, other employees will be exposed to the risk of being infected by multiple microorganisms that are present in the contaminated materials. Contact with infectious waste can also result in the spread of life-threatening viral diseases as well.
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What is the diffrence between someone who is homozygous for a trait and someone who is heterozygous for a trait?
Which technology resulted from engineers observing the structure of a cheetah's back legs?
A. Improved prosthetic limbs
B. More efficient solar cells
C. Hook-and-loop fasteners
D. Faster high-speed trains
Answer: A. Improved prosthetic limbs.
Explanation: Cheetahs are known for their grace and speed. Engineers studying the structure and mechanics of a cheetah's back legs were able to gain insights into how the cheetah achieves its incredible speed and agility. By understanding the unique design and function of the cheetah's legs, engineers were able to apply this knowledge to the development of improved prosthetic limbs.
Cheetahs have long, flexible legs with a large range of motion, allowing them to generate powerful and efficient strides. Engineers observed the cheetah's leg structure, including the way the bones, tendons, and muscles work together, to design prosthetic limbs that mimic the natural movement and efficiency of a cheetah's legs.
These improved prosthetic limbs can provide individuals with enhanced mobility and functionality, allowing them to move more naturally and comfortably. By studying the cheetah's back legs, engineers were able to make advancements in prosthetic technology, improving the quality of life for individuals who use prosthetic limbs
which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (co2) from one molecule of pyruvate?
Acetyl CoA is the intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO₂) from one molecule of pyruvate.
The removal of one carbon atom from one molecule of pyruvate results in the formation of which of the following molecules, which enters the citric acid cycle?A molecule of carbon dioxide will be removed from pyruvate in the mitochondria, resulting in a two-carbon acetyl group that will be taken up by a carrier substance called coenzyme A (CoA), which is created from vitamin B5. Acetyl CoA is the resultant substance.
The two pyruvate molecules lose their carboxyl groups (the removed carbon molecules are released as CO₂) and combine with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA after glycolysis but before the citric acid cycle.
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in photosynthesis, light energy is used to split water molecules and pump hydrogen ions into the inner thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. which of the following statements best explains the purpose for creating a high concentration of ions inside the inner membrane?
The ATP synthase uses this proton gradient to generate a proton-motive force, which it then uses to manufacture ATP.
The two successive steps of light-dependent reaction and light-independent reaction make up the photosynthesis process. During photophosphorylation, where cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase collaborate to make ATP, the H+ ion (Proton) gradient is formed. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane by pumping H+ ions from the stroma to the lumen using electrons created by PS 2. The ATP synthase uses this proton gradient to generate a proton-motive force, which it then uses to manufacture ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f harnesses the energy of PS2 and PS1 electrons to produce ATP while limiting NADPH synthesis.
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Describe the three layers of tissue in arteries and veins. Then explain how the structure of arteries and veins relates to their functions.
The three layers of tissue in arteries and veins are Tunica adventitia, Tunica media and Tunica intima.
The arteries role is to carry the oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body and the role of veins is to carry deoxygenated blood from the various parts of the body to the heart.
The outermost layer of the arteries and veins is tunica adventitia, its role is to expand and contract and maintains the blood pressure, it also plays a role in protection.
The middle layer called tunica media and is made up of elastin and muscle fibres.
inner most is called as tunica intima, it has valves which help blood move in a particular direction.
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"Any genetic difference among individuals that is present in multiple individuals in a population" is the definition of a(n):
Any genetic difference among individuals that is present in multiple individuals in a population" is the definition of a(n): polymorphism.
Polymorphism in biology is the presence of two or more obviously different morphs or forms, sometimes known as alternative phenotypes, in a species' population. To be categorized as such, morphs must share the same environment and be members of a panmictic population (one with random mating).
Simply said, polymorphism occurs when there are two or more possible traits on a gene. For example, there are several different traits for a jaguar's skin coloration; it might be pale or black.
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humans are designed to breathe through the mouth when possible, which filters the air on the way into the lungs.
False that humans are designed to breathe through the mouth when possible, which filters the air on the way into the lungs.
What is the main breathing organ of body ?Lungs. your lungs are sponge-like organs. Every time you breathe they filter oxygen from the air through tiny vessels into the blood. It is then carried to the heart to be pumped round your body.
Air enters the respiratory system through the nose or the mouth, then travels down a pathway to the lungs. In the nostrils, air gets warmed and moistened. Tiny hairs in the nose called cilia filter out dust and other particles
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essential question: how do materials move into and out of the cell through a membrane? 1. pre-lab questions: (respond in complete sentences
Materials move into and out of the cell through a cell membrane by the process of diffusion.
Plasma membrane is a selectively permeable membrane which allows only a few substances to move in and out of it. The most direct transfer techniques use passive membranes. Natural processes like passive transport take place without the cell using energy to move. Chemicals move passively from a location of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a process called diffusion. A concentration gradient is a difference in the concentration of one substance throughout a physical region. If molecules are passes against the concentration gradient, it happens through active transport. Ions, glucose, and amino acids move through the membrane via active transport in opposition to the concentration gradient. It requires ATP, the chemical component of cellular energy. The membrane's protein molecules serve as channels via which molecules can move.
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11 Which function does not occur in the kidneys? A breakdown of alcohol B C D removal of excess salts from the blood removal of excess water from the blood removal of urea from the blood
The correct answer is A: Breakdown of alcohol.
The kidneys primary function is to filter blood and remove waste products, such as urea, and excess water and salts, which are then excreted as urine. The breakdown of alcohol is done by the liver and not the kidneys.
The kidneys are a pair of organs located in the back of the abdomen that play a vital role in maintaining the overall health of the body. The main function of the kidneys is to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood and convert them into urine.
This process is known as filtration. The kidneys also regulate the levels of electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium and calcium in the blood, and control the balance of acid and base in the body.
The kidneys also play a role in regulating blood pressure by producing a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells and help to conserve oxygen in the body.
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The Complete question is:
11 Which function does not occur in the kidneys?
A. breakdown of alcohol
B. removal of excess salts from the blood
C. removal of excess water from the blood
D. removal of urea from the blood
The stirrup is a part of the
a. outer ear
b. middle ear
c. inner ear
d. cochlea
The loudness of a sound depends on
a. frequency
b. intensity
c. overtones
d. timbre
The blending of fundamental tone and overtones produces a sound's
a. intensity
b. pitch
c. timbre
d. loudness
What geographic region is not on the map but is located between the sahel and the congo basin and can be described as having fertile grasslands, farmland, and plenty of wildlife that you would find on safari tours?
Savanna
Great rift valley
Sahara
Coastal areas
stomata are pores on the surfaces of the leaves and stems of plants that regulate gas exchange between the plants and the atmosphere. researchers found that the stomata density on the leaves of a species of plant change as the concentration of co2 in the atmosphere changes. when grown at 350 ppm co2 the plant has an average density of 300 stomata per mm2, but when grown at 400 ppm co2 the plant has an average density of 250 stomata per mm2. which of the following best describes how the ratio of the density of stomata (stomata per mm2) per co2 concentration (ppm co2) changes as the co2 concentration increases?
The ratio decreases from 0.86 to 0.63, because fewer stomata are needed at higher CO2 concentrations.
The ratio of 300 stomata per mm2 to 350 ppm CO2 is 0.86, and the ratio of 250 stomata per mm2 to 400 ppm CO2 is 0.63. This reflects that fewer stomata are needed as the concentration of CO2 increases.
what is stomata?
Stomata are cell structures in epidermis of tree leaves and needles that are involved in the exchange of carbon dioxide and water between plants and the atmosphere.
Stomata are tiny pores through which plants breathe. Stomata are found on the upper and lower sides of leaves, on flower petals, on stems, on roots.
Stomata are epithelial cell structures found in tree leaves and needles that help promote plant growth and exchange carbon dioxide and water with surrounding environment.
It helps in removing water from leaves. - It takes carbon dioxide and gives out oxygen during the process of photosynthesis. - It helps in regulating water movement through transpiration. Stomata facilitates gaseous exchange.
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This parasite was recovered in a veterinary stool sample. Which of the following human parasites does it most closely resemble.Please select the single best answerTrichinella spiralis encysted larvaAscaris lumbricoides eggEnterobius vermicularis eggTrichuris trichiura egg
The following human parasites does it most closely resemble, single best answer is Trichuris trichiura egg
What is Trichuris Trichiura egg?
An estimated 604-795 million people in world are infected with whipworm. Whipworm, hookworm, and Ascaris are known as soil-transmitted helminths Together, they account for major burden of disease worldwide.
Adult males of Trichuris trichiura are 30-45 millimeters long, with coiled posterior end. Adult females are 35-50 millimeters with straight posterior end. Both sexes have a long, whip-like anterior end. Adults reside in the large intestine, cecum and appendix of host.
The standard method for diagnosing presence of whipworm is by microscopically identifying whipworm eggs in the stool sample. Because eggs may be difficult to find in light infections, concentration procedure is recommended.
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all reasons that archaea are of interest to scientists.
Multiple select question.
Archaea share features with bacteria and eukaryotes.
Some archaea produce toxins that can kill livestock.
Some archaea live in extreme environments.
Some archaea produce methane, a greenhouse gas.
Many archaea cause disease in agricultural crops.
The reasons why scientist have an area of interest in archaea is, Archaea share features with bacteria and eukaryotes, Some archaea live in extreme environments and some archaea produce methane, a greenhouse gas.
Archaea has genes which are both similar to bacteria and eukaryotes, but it is said that is more similar to eukaryotes.
archaea cell membrane are made up of different molecules, which help them thrive in extreme temperatures, their cell membrane is composed of ether linkages with branched isoprene chains.
Methanogens is a group under archaea, which produces methane gas.
There is also a class of halobacterium, which can survive in great amount of NACL (salty ) area.
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In echinoderms, the water vascular system is a system of closed, fluid filled tubes and ducts that connect to tube feet which act like suction cups.
The water vascular system is the main organ system used by echinoderms to move, feed, and respire. The water vascular system is also used to aid in respiration, as water is taken in, filtered, and then expelled from the body.
What is vascular system?
The vascular system is a network of vessels and organs that circulates blood throughout the body. It is made up of the heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries. The heart pumps the blood, which is composed of red blood cells and dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and hormones. Veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. Capillaries are small vessels that connect the veins and arteries and allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the body's cells.
The system is made up of a network of canals and sacs that are filled with water, and the pressure of this water is used to extend and retract the tube feet. The tube feet are used to attach the animal to substrates and to move food particles towards the mouth.
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As the human population grows, people are using more resources. If this trend continues, which of these would you expect to be a limiting factor for the human population?
A. Pollution in the environment will decrease as industrialization continues
B. overuse of soil will reduce the nitrogen it contains, limiting its fertility
C. The amount of clean water will be increased through new technologies
D. new soil will be created as land is cleared for housing and farms.
Option B -Overuse of soil will reduce the nitrogen it contains, limiting its fertility this would expect to be a limiting factor for the human population.
Generally speaking, our use of natural resources rises as the human population grows. Generally speaking, our use of natural resources rises as the human population grows. More people use more resources like freshwater, land, clothes, etc. According to latest estimates, the increase of the global population has slowed during the last ten years. Environmentalists are nevertheless worried about the effects of global population growth despite this trend, primarily because: A small developing nation with very low rates of immigration and emigration is experiencing a demographic shift.
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the diagram shows patches of habitat that are either colonized (red dots) or not colonized (green dots). which conclusion can be drawn from the data? exam 2 patch group of answer choices patches that are very close to another occupied patch or that have large areas are most likely to be colonized. patches that have the largest area and are farthest away from another occupied patch are most likely to be colonized. patches that have the smallest area and are closest to another occupied patch are most likely to be colonized. patches with the smallest area are most likely to be colonized; the distance to the nearest occupied patch does not affect colonization rates.
The correct option is C .Patches that are very close to another occupied patch or that have large areas are most likely to be colonized.
How the patches are look like in the diagram?
The most probable patches to be colonized are those that are close to other occupied patches or have sizable expanses.
The distance to the nearest occupied patch does not appear to affect colonization rates. This can be inferred from the fact that red dots are present throughout the diagram, rather than being concentrated in one area.
The size of the patch may play a role in colonization rates, as there are several large red dots indicating that larger patches are more likely to be colonized.
It is not possible to draw a conclusion about the relationship between patch size and colonization rates based on this data.
And more data would be needed to determine any correlation between patch size and colonization rates.
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you and 19 friends build a raft, sail to a deserted island, and start a new population, totally isolated from the world. Two of your friends carry (that is, are heterozygous for) the recessive cf allele, which in homozygotes causes cystic fibrosis A. Assuming that the frequency of this allele does not change as the population grows, what wil be the instance of cystic fibrosis on your island? B. Cystic fibrosis births on the island is how many times greater than the original mainland. The frequency of births on the mainland is .059%.
Answer:
A. Assuming that the frequency of the recessive cf allele does not change as the population grows, the instance of cystic fibrosis on the island would be relatively low. The allele is recessive, meaning that it only causes the disease when present in a homozygous state (i.e. two copies, one from each parent). Since only two of your friends carry the allele, the probability of any two of your friends having children with cystic fibrosis would be (2/20)*(1/19) = 1/190 or 0.52%.
B. Cystic fibrosis births on the island would be 0.52% / 0.059% = 8.8 times greater than the original mainland. However, it's important to note that the population is small and it may be not possible to predict the exact frequency of cystic fibrosis based on the frequency of the allele in such a small group of people.
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write the number of offspring plants with each phenotype in the offspring phenotype columns. also, make sure you have run enough trials that you can both determine the genotype of each parent plant and produce yellow and white-flowered plants.
As a result, with this cross, you would anticipate that three of the four (75%) progeny will have purple flowers and one of the four (25%) would have white flowers.
The genotypes of the offspring of this hybrid can be used to predict the proportions of phenotype. Offspring with either the BB or Bb genotype will have the purple-flower phenotype because B is dominant to b. The white-flower phenotype can only be inherited through the bb genotype.The white-flower phenotype can only be inherited through the bb genotype. Mendel obtained the same percentages in his initial experiment.For instance, the genotype Yy was present in the F1 yellow plants that inherited a Y allele from their yellow parent and a y allele from their green parent.
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