Which of the following best explains the relationship between structures X and Y?

Answer:

Since wet is12 and dry is 16

You take 16-12=4

Answer:

(a) Hexadecane

(b) A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.

(c) Ammonia contains nitrogen and hydrogen, which are both nonmetals. So nitrogen forms three covalent bonds with the three hydrogen present. Each hydrogen atom has two electrons (stable state corresponding to K-shell) while the nitrogen atom gets a full, stable octet.

Just the atoms that make up a molecule are shown using the empirical formula.

What exactly is an empirical formula?

In contrast to theory or belief, empirical research develops knowledge from actual experience based on observable and quantifiable phenomena.

An empirical formula is a chemical formula for a compound that only specifies the ratios of the elements present in the compound and not the exact number or arrangement of atoms.

Simply displaying the atoms that make up a molecule using the empirical formula is typical. This is useful if you want to recognize the elements you're working with quickly. When determining how many atoms of each element are present, the molecular formula is useful.

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The periodic law states that elements that have similar properties appear is true.

What is periodic law ?

Observations collected by scientists in the 19th century served as the foundation for periodic law. The contributions of Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer in particular revealed trends in the characteristics of the elements. In 1869, they independently put forth the idea of periodic law.

What is elements ?

A crucial component of a whole. a simple substance that cannot be divided into smaller components or transformed into another substance is referred to as in chemistry. Atoms, which are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, are the building blocks of an element. One element has a fixed number of protons in each of its atoms.

Therefore, periodic law states that elements that have similar properties appear is true.

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The melting point will be lower than expected.

In general, while using the sample this can result in causing longer melting time altering the melting point range for the sample. It results because of the rapid heating of the apparatus. Hence, difference between the observed melting point and the true melting point will increase.

Hence, when a Compounds melt over a wide range are pretended to be relatively impure. Besides melting over a wide range, adulterated solids also melt at a temperature lower than that for the pure compound. Melting point is also known as an intensive property of matter. Intensive properties doesn't depend on the quantity of the substance present.

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Answer:The reaction of zinc oxide with carbon monoxide forms the product zinc metal and carbon dioxide. Zinc oxide is reduced to metallic zinc and carbon monoxide is oxidized to carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

The temperature of the exiting liquid will be equal to the temperature at the inlet, since the process is isentropic.

To estimate the work required to compress the saturated water vapor up to P = 10 bar and T = 4000C, you can use the ideal gas law.

The equation is PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature. Since the ideal gas law is based on the assumption that the gas behaves as an ideal gas, the temperature must remain constant while the volume is changing.

Thus, the work done is equal to the area under the PV curve, which can be calculated using the equation W = -nRT ln (V2/V1).

For the second part, the pump is operating isentropically, meaning that the entropy of the system does not change. The work done is equal to the change in enthalpy, which can be calculated using the equation W = h2 - h1. The enthalpies of the liquid water can be looked up in a thermodynamic property table.

The temperature of the exiting liquid will be equal to the temperature at the inlet, since the process is isentropic.

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AgNO₃ solution is used to test the rinse water after the BaSO₄precipitate has been transferred to the filter paper. This is done to check if ions such as chloride ions are still present in the filtrate or not.

Two drops of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution are added to the filtrate to wash the barium sulfate precipitate. This is done to determine whether or not ions like chloride ions are still present in the filtrate.

White precipitate shows that the precipitate is still contaminated with chloride ions. If there are chloride ions in the filtrate, the appearance will be foggy. If there is still some cloudiness after three washings, repeat the process.

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125 J is the kinetic energy of a 10 kg object moving with a speed of 5 m/s.

Weight of the object(m) = 10 kg

speed of the object (v) = 5 [tex]\frac{m}{s}[/tex]

kinetic energy formula = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] m[tex]v^{2}[/tex]

∴ K.E = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] (10) [tex](5)^{2}[/tex]

         = 125 J

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has while in motion. An object can only be accelerated by the application of a force. Applying force requires effort on our part. Energy is transmitted to the object once the work is accomplished, at which point it moves at a new, constant speed. Kinetic energy is a type of energy present in moving particles or objects. When work, which entails the transfer of energy, is done on an object by applying a net force, that object acquires kinetic energy.

Kinetic energy is the term for the energy present in an object in motion.

Arguably the most important property of kinetic energy is its ability to do work.

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This can be achieved by bubbling carbon dioxide through a sodium oxide solution, followed by the addition of water to cause the crystals to precipitate.

In order to make sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3), sodium oxide (Na2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water can be combined (H2O). Following is the reaction:

NaHCO3 is produced when Na2O, CO2, and water are combined.

Carbon dioxide and sodium oxide must first be mixed in a reaction vessel in order to prepare a sample of sodium hydrogen carbonate crystals. The two reactants can be dispersed uniformly by stirring this mixture to help with that.

Then, after cooling the liquid until sodium hydrogen carbonate crystals form, the vessel should be heated until the reaction is finished. In order to use the crystals again, the reaction vessel can then be opened.

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When testing the unknown solution (D. 31) with ammonium carbonate, the solution will react with the ammonium carbonate to form a white precipitate.

This indicates that the unknown solution contains an alkali or alkaline earth metal, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, strontium, or barium.

To identify the element present in the unknown solution, you can use a flame test or a solution reaction test. For the flame test, a small portion of the unknown solution is placed in a flame and the emitted light will be characteristic of the element present.

For the solution reaction test, a small portion of the unknown solution is mixed with a known solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and the reaction is observed. If a precipitate is formed, it indicates that the element present in the unknown solution is the same as the element present in the known solution. By comparing the observations from these tests with the observations in Procedure A. 1 and A. 2, you can identify the element present in the unknown solution.

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There are 1.5055 x10²⁴  molecules in 2. 5 mol of H₂O

To determine the total number of atoms or molecules in a sample, multiply the amount of moles by the Avogadro constant. The formula is as follows:

number of molecule= moles x avogadro's number

One mole of material has 6.022x10²³ atoms, and various gases in equal amounts that are measured at the same pressure and temperature each have the same number of molecules.

number of molecule= moles x avogadro's number

number of molecule= 2. 5 mol x  6.022x10²³

number of molecule= 1.5055 x10²⁴

Therefore, there are 1.5055 x10²⁴ molecules in 2. 5 mol of H₂O

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50 % is the yeild of reaction, expressed in percentage terms, if 4 grams of hydrogen and extra oxygen produce 18 grams of water

The reaction involving the process is:

[tex]2H_2+O_2- > 2H_2O[/tex]

so the number of moles of water is same as the number of moles of hydrogen given that oxygen is in excess so hydrogen is limiting reagent

number of moles of hydrogen = given mass/ molar mass

=> 4 /2

=>2

number of moles of water = given mass / molar mass

=> 18/18

=>1

so the 1 mole of  water is formed by 2 moles of hydrogen so the percentage yeild is given as:

[tex]\frac{moles of water}{moles of hydrogen}[/tex] *100

=> 1/2 *100

=> 50

so the yeild of the reaction is 50%

A limiting reagent is a reactant that entirely consumes itself before any other reactants are used up in a chemical reaction, hence restricting the amount of product that may be created. It can be found by comparing the proportions of each component in the reaction and its stoichiometry. Once the limiting reagent has been determined, the amount of product that can be generated can be computed using the reaction's stoichiometry.

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At the edge of the exosphere earths gravity is about  halfway to the Moon___

Exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere. It extends from the top of the thermosphere to 6,200 miles (10,000 km ) above the earth. In this layer atoms and molecules escape into space and satellites orbit the earth.

characteristics of the exosphere are :

Therefore, Exosphere starts at a distance of 311 to 621 miles from the earth's surface and ends approximately at 6200 miles away from the earth's surface.

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Caustic soda is the following substances has the highest pH value.

A solution's acidity or alkalinity can be determined by its pH. On a scale from 0 to 14, where 7 representing neutral, it is measured. A solution with a pH less than 7 is considered acidic, while a solution with a pH greater than 7 is considered basic or alkaline. Sources have a pH above 7, while acids get a pH below 7. A pH of 0 is strongly acidic, while a pH of 14 is strongly basic. The pH of a solution can be affected by adding acids or bases.

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Answer: The answer is A) 190

Explanation:

1.902 - 1.43 = 0.472

87.4 ÷ (0.472)

87.4 ÷ 0.472

87.4 ÷ 0.472 = 185.1694915254238

185.1694915254238

Round 185.1694915254238 to 190 (Sig Figs: 2)

I hope this helps!

Answer: A

Explanation: I don’t know the answer

Answer: A

Explanation: because it shows why it is on equilibrium

Answer: Condensation

Explanation:

Answer: Melting

Explanation:

Glycerine = Potassium Bromide > Phenol is  the aqueous solutions in order of decreasing freezing point.

Define freezing point

The freezing temperature of a liquid is the temperature at which it solidifies. The freezing point typically rises with increasing pressure, just like the melting point does. Combinations and some organic materials, like lipids, have freezing points that are lower than melting points.

Glycerine freezing results in a depression of 0.0744 degrees Celsius.

The freezing depression when using KBr is 0.0744 degrees Celsius.

The freezing point is lowered by phenol by 0.0558°C.

The amount by which the freezing point of the solvent will change when 1.00 moles of a non-volatile, nonionizing (no dissociating) solute dissolve in 1 kilogram of solvent is denoted by the term Kf, also known as the molal freezing point depression constant.

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An electromagnetic wave's energy rose as its frequency increased.

In terms of science, electromagnetic radiation is made up of electromagnetic field waves that travel over space while carrying electromagnetic radiant energy and momentum.

It consists of X-rays, gamma rays, microwaves, infrared, light, and radio waves. Since the electric and magnetic fields are oscillating, the waves of energy are known as electromagnetic (EM).

They are categorised by scientists based on their frequency or wavelength, from high frequency to low frequency (short to long wavelength).

The following details must to be taken into account:

The energy should increase as the electromagnetic wave does.

All of this calls for a reduction in speed and wavelength.

Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that an electromagnetic wave's energy rose as its frequency increased.

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According to the concept of percent yield and theoretical yield , the theoretical yield of magnesium oxide is 152.32 grams.

Percent yield is defined as the ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. If the actual and theoretical yield are same then the percent yield is 100%.If actual yield is less than the theoretical yield then the percent yield is less than 100%.Reason of this condition arising is the incompletion of reaction or loss of sample during recovery process.

In the given reaction, 48.4 g magnesium gives 80.4 g magnesium oxide , thus 91.7 g magnesium will give 91.7×80.4/48.4=152.32 g.

Thus, the theoretical yield of magnesium oxide is 152.32 grams.

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To make 150 mL of 0.5 M sucrose, you need to add 75 grams of sucrose.

This is calculated by multiplying the volume (150 mL) by the molarity (0.5) and then multiplying that by the molecular weight of sucrose (342.3 g/mol). The equation looks like this:

150 mL × 0.5 M × 342.3 g/mol = 75 g sucrose

This is calculated by multiplying the volume of sucrose (150 mL) by the concentration (0.5 M) to get the total moles of sucrose needed, which is then multiplied by the molecular weight of sucrose (342 g/mol) to get the total grams of sucrose needed.

Therefore, 75 grams of sucrose is required to make 150 mL of 0.5 M sucrose.

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We first need to know the atomic weights of silicon and chlorine in order to obtain the empirical formula.Answer:Statistical SiCl3 ,Atomic Si2Cl6

It has a chlorine content of 79.1%, therefore (100 - 79.1)% silicon equals 20.9% chlorine.

We first need to know the atomic weights of silicon and chlorine in order to obtain the empirical formula.

it is 35.5 and 28.

The percentage abundances are then divided by the corresponding atomic masses

explain,

Cl = 79.1/35.5 = 2.23

Si = 20.9/28 = 0.75

The result of this division by the smallest number is 0.75.

Cl = 2.23/0.75 = 3

Si = 0.75/0.75 = 1

SiCl3 is the empirical formula.

The molecular formula is as follows:

(28+3(35.5))n = 269

134.5n = 269

n = 269/134.5 = 2

Si2Cl6 is the molecular formula.

Answer:Statistical SiCl3 ,Atomic Si2Cl6

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A is the limiting Reagent and C has 4 moles.

What is limiting reagent?

Limiting reagents are the reactants in a reaction that completely react and limit the amount of product that can be formed. When two reactants are present in a reaction, the limiting reagent will be the one that runs out first, thus limiting the amount of product that can be created.

(a) As per the given diagram,

The number of B atoms are = 5

the number of A atoms are = 8.

Given reaction,

2A+B → C

the Balanced equation show that,

2A        +      B      →      C

2 mol.       1 mol.      1 mol

two mols of "A reacts with 1 mole of B. So

for 5 atoms of B. We required 10 atoms of A. But given atoms of A are 8.

So → A is the limiting Reagent.

(b) After a complete reaction,  the  number of moles of C =  2A+B → C

As we check 'A' is our limiting Reagent.

So, 2A.       +     B.     →    C

    2 mol.      1 mol.     1 mol

As 2 mol of A give 1 mol of C

So, 8 mol of A will give 4 mol of C

we can also say  that 1mol of B gives 1 mol of C. So 4 moles of A give 4 moles of C.

A is the limiting reagent, so 8 moles of A will give 4 moles of C.

therefore, C moles = 4. 

Hence, A is the limiting Reagent and C has 4 moles.

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The descriptions of atom models are provided by Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr.

Democritus- Democritus postulated that atoms were unique to the substance of which they were a part. The concept was that you could create a tiny but similar piece if you divided a substance in two. The smallest representative part of your content should ultimately be attained if you continue to divide it into smaller and smaller pieces. The atom is that component.

Dalton- Dalton offered his atomic hypothesis based on all of his findings. It is frequently called the "billiard ball model." A particular entity's atoms have all the same size, mass, and other characteristics. Distinct elements' atoms have different mass, size, and other characteristics.

Thomson-  The atomic model proposed by Thomson states that an atom is composed of a positively charged sphere into which negatively charged electrons are inserted.

Rutherford- The structural properties of the elements was predicted by Rutherford. The atom was depicted in the model as having a nucleus, which is a small, tight, positively charged mass.

Bohr- He explained that an atom consists of a tiny, positively charged nucleus that is around by electrons that move in circular paths.

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[tex]NH_{3}[/tex] (ammonia) and [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] (water) are both polar molecules and not nonpolar.

This is due to the difference in electronegativity between the atoms in each molecule.

Ammonia has a nitrogen atom, which has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atoms, resulting in a partial negative charge on the nitrogen atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.

Water, on the other hand, has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, with the oxygen atom having a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atoms.

This results in a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. The partial charges on the atoms in each molecule create an asymmetrical distribution of charge, making the molecules polar.

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After two or more atoms lose or receive electrons to create an ion, an ionic bond can occur. Ionic bonds form when metals lose electrons and nonmetals acquire electrons.

Ions with opposing charges attract one other, forming an ionic connection.The full movement of electrons from one atom to another forms an ionic connection. When an atom loses one or more electrons, it transforms into a cation—a positively charged ion. An anion—a negatively charged ion—is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. Ionic bond is the principal interaction in ionic compounds and includes the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions or between two atoms with drastically differing electronegativities. Along with covalent bonding and metallic bonding, it is one of the three major forms of bonding. Ions are electrostatically charged atoms (or groups of atoms). When atoms gain electrons, they produce negatively charged ions (called anions). Atoms that lose their electrons produce positively charged ions (called cations).

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Putting too much sample in the melting point tube will likely result in a lower melting point value. as a result of the melting point temperature being lower than expected.

This is due to the fact that a sample with too much sample causes the heat to go down the tube more slowly, raising the measurement temperature and causing the sample to melt before it reaches its true melting point. Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes state from a solid to a liquid (or, less frequently, liquefaction point). At the melting point, there is an equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases. A molecule is a collection of atoms with two or more bonded together by chemical bonds.

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In the given reaction, H2C=CH-CH=CH-CH2-Mg-Br is Grignard's reagent which reacts with D2O to give H2C=CH-CH=CH-CH2-D and MgBrOH.

When H2C=CH-CH=CH-CH2-Mg-Br reacts with D2O the C-Mg bond donates its electron pair to a deuterium atom, forming H2C=CH-CH=CH-CH2-D and MgBrOH.

This occurs because the Carbon that is bonded with Mg is strongly nucleophilic and can attack a region of positive charge density such as a deuterium atom in a water molecule.

Grignard's reagents are highly reactive organomagnesium halides formed by the reaction of magnesium metal with alkyl or alkenyl halides.

It has a general formula of R-Mg-X where R is an organic group and X is a halogen which can be anything Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), or Iodine (I).

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An element which contains a fully filled second energy level i.e. it's valence shell is Neon (Ne), the tenth element in the periodic table.

Neon (Ne) is a chemical element in the periodic table with an atomic mass (Z) of 10. It is an inert gas placed in the Group 18 (group of noble gases) of the periodic table. It is used in electric signs and fluorescent lamps. The gas is colourless, odourless, tasteless, and lighter than air in weight. Neon gas naturally occurs in minute quantities in Earth’s atmosphere and  is trapped within the rocks of Earth’s crust. Though neon is about 31/2 times as plentiful/abundant as helium in the atmosphere, dry air contains only 0.0018 percent neon by volume. Although, this element is more abundant in the cosmos than on the Earth.

An electronic configuration, which is also called a electronic structure or a electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in orbitals around the atomic nucleus of an atom. The electronic configuration of an atom in the quantum-mechanical model is stated or written by listing the occupied orbitals, in the order of filling, with the number of electrons in each orbital indicated by a superscript.

The electronic configuration of Neon is 1s²2s²2p⁶ or [He] 2p⁶. The second energy level has two types of orbitals namely 2s and 2p. There is a single 2s orbital and 3 2p orbitals in the second energy level and as a single orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, the total maximum number of electrons in the second energy level can be 2+6 = 8. Thus, a fully filled second energy level will be configured as 2s²2p⁶, as seen in the case of Neon.

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