Which of the following describes changes in the brain of a person who is addicted to alcohol or other drugs? #1. The reward/control pathway is hijacked by changes in brain chemistry altered by substance abuse. #2. The "go" circuit becomes overactive and drives compulsive substance use. #3. The "stop" circuit does not function properly and is overridden by the "go" switch. #4. Drug cravings hijack survival mechanisms in the old brain and override rational actions of the new brain.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Statement 1,2,3,4 are correct.

#1. The reward/control circuits of the addiction pathway are hijacked by changes in brain chemistry altered by substance abuse.#1. The reward/control circuits of the addiction pathway are hijacked by changes in brain chemistry altered by substance abuse.

#2. The "go" circuit becomes overactive and drives compulsive substance use.

#3. The "stop" circuit does not function properly and is overridden by the "go" switch.

#4. Drug cravings hijack survival mechanisms in the old brain and override rational actions of the new brain.

Explanation:

Substance abuse

This is simply known as a maladaptive pattern of substance use. It occur over the last 12 months and can leads to impairment of occupational, physical, or social functioning in a man.

Substance dependence

This is when an individual is having substance abuse in addition with withdrawal symptoms, tolerance or a pattern of compulsive use. The down regulation in substance abuse can also leads to a defective reward circuit (flat feelings, depression etc ) and leaves user with a need for more or different drugs.


Related Questions

how does unemployment contribute to the population increase?

Answers

Answer:

THERE MAY BE ONE AND GOOD REASON.

1)AS WHEN HUMAN BECOMES JOBLESS SUNKEN IN THE FAMIN ISSUE WOMEN REPRODUCE LARGE IN NUMBER FOR GREATER FAMILY INCOMES!!

MARK ME BRAINLISTS

Which best describes the style of an argumentative essay?

Answers

Group of answer choices.

A. academic

B. narrative

C. informal

D. descriptive

Answer:

B. narrative

Explanation:

An argumentative essay (writing) can be defined as an expression of a writer's position (stance) on a subject matter or topic.

A claim can be defined as a statement that is used by a writer to prove, substantiate or support an argument. Thus, a claim is an assertive statement expressed by a writer to prove that an argument is true or real.

This ultimately implies that, when writers engage in an argument or write an argumentative essay, they make use of a claim to state (express) their opinions about the subject matter or topic.

On a related note, the style of an argumentative essay is best described as a narrative because it's written with the intention of forming an opinion about a subject, building an evidence-based argument, making clear points, and conveying this information to an audience.

Somebody murdered a dark-haired prepubescent girl in the area last year and left her mutilated body near the train tracks. This year, another dark-haired girl of about the same age was murdered and her body was left near the train tracks in the same general area. Based on what you have learned from the text, was this the work of a serial killer

Answers

Answer:

Not conclusive because there were less than 3 cases with similarities

Explanation:

Serial killers

This is a term used for murderers. They are people who kill three or more people in separate occasions or events and usually have a time- off ( usually called cooling-off period) between murders. They simply kill 3 or more people in over a month or more.

Types of Killers

1. Visionary

2. Missionary

3. Hedonistic

4. Power/Control

General Characteristics of killers

They are often male, ages 25-35, different intelligence based, from all types of society, kill for the sex, power, manipulation, domination and control etc.

General Characteristics of the victims

These killers usually kills within their ethnic group, ages varies, no prior contact or hatred for the victim, the victims can be symbolic.

PLS HELPPPP
If a draft were started in the United States during a time of war, who would be affected?
A.
Citizens would be required to participate in the draft.
B.
Citizens would be able to choose whether or not to participate in the draft.
C.
Only green-card holders would be affected by the draft.
D.
Only permanent residents would be required to participate in the draft.
Reset Next

Answers

The correct answer is A) Citizens would be required to participate in the draft.

If a draft were started in the United States during a time of war, who would be affected?

Answer:

Citizens would be required to participate in the draft.

United States citizens are required to participate in the draft to enlist them into the war.

One of the past examples could be the Selective Service legislation passed in September 1940 that contributed to mobilization in that it required men to register for the draft.

This law sponsored by legislators Edward R. Burker and James W. Wadsworth was signed into law on September 16, 1940, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This piece of legislation required that all American men from 21 to 26 years old be part of the US draft.

Answer:b

Explanation:

Durante qué dos meses los hemisferios norte y sur reciben la misma cantidad de energía del sol?

Diciembre y junio
Enero y julio
Marzo y septiembre
Mayo y noviembre

Answers

Answer:

marzo y septiembre

Explanation:

PLEASE HELP ME ILL GIVE U BRAINILEST

Answers

website-info on the internet
dictionary- definitions of the words

who is the famous ruler of kushans​

Answers

Answer:

Kaniska............................

2) Write the importance of social traditions and customs practised in Nepal.​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Tradition contributes a sense of comfort and belonging. It brings families together and enables people to reconnect with friends. Tradition reinforces values such as freedom, faith, integrity, a good education, personal responsibility, a strong work ethic, and the value of being selfless.

Answer:

I hope it helped U

stay safe stay happy

In the context of sport participation, most older people prefer participating in _____. Multiple choice question. sports that support the notion that aging always involves increasing dependency modified versions of competitive activities in which rules emphasize the pleasure of movement sports that support the notion that the body should be used as a performance machine power and performance sports that have high injury rates

Answers

Answer:

Modified versions of competitive activities in which rules emphasize the pleasure of movement

Explanation:

Why do people engage in Sport activities

1. To have fun

2. To get exercise

3. To make friends

4. To participate in something they are good at

5. To release stress etc.

Physical Activity Benefits for Adults and Older Adults

1. It benefits their Health

2. It helps to Improves Sleep

3. It Maintains Health Weight

4. It Manages Stress etc.

Studies has shown that middle-age and older people that are involved in masters sport events shows that these people use sports to altogether (hand in hand) to resist and accept the aging process. Older people tend to prefer sports in which they can focus on performance as an indicator of moral worth

Read the following passage written by a teen hero:
I want to be a vocal advocate for nature.
I reject the idea that I am too young to make a difference.
I recently helped a group with a river cleanup.
I was mortified to see the destruction of animals and plants.
When I got home, I composed a letter to my state politicians and asked them to allocate more money to the local river cleanup effort.
I believe my vocation is to help citizens see that we are at a junction.
We can decide to subject nature to abuse, or we can decide to be a benefactor to nature.
I won't let obstacles detract from my mission.
The prefix and root in the word "reject" as they are used in sentence 2 give us an approximate definition. Which of the following definitions is accurate? (5 points)

Select one:
a. To pull toward
b. To throw away
c. To resist the pull
d. To throw toward

Answers

C resist the pull lol

what efforts are to be made to promote the racial unity​

Answers

Explanation:

Religious tolerence should be developed among the people,

Religious and cultural heritages should be preserved and promoted,

Conflict should be ended with win win situation,

We should end all types of discrimination,

We should respect all people and love junior,

We can conduct awareness program to promote national unity,

We youth of Nepal can write articles, editorial about national unity and published them in newspaper.

what is common education given by all the religious? write in a sentence.​

Answers

Explanation:

If there's any universal truth or common teaching across various religions, it's probably the golden rule: Treat others as you would want to be treated yourself. As TeachingValues.com points out, this tenet is expressed in Christianity, Confuscianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Taoism, and Zoroastriantism.

Explanation:

If there's any universal truth or common teaching across various religions, it's probably the golden rule: Treat others as you would want to be treated yourself. As TeachingValues.com points out, this tenet is expressed in Christianity, Confuscianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Taoism, and Zoroastriantism

The Trinity Gods are related with Hindu religion Buddishm religion Christian religion Islam religion​

Answers

Answer: The Trinity Gods are related to Christian Religion.

the three persons of the Trinity are the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit.

God is the one in essence and three in person.

Hope it helps u

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Someone pls answer this for a heart and brainlist
Which quotation from the United States Constitution includes an example of separation of powers?

A.
“No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.”
B.
“The President . . . may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments . . .”
C.
“No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports . . .”
D.
“Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States . . .”

Answers

Answer:

D - Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a Law, be presented to the President of the United States . .  is my first instinct C is a possibility but my gut says D is correct

Explanation:

D.

“Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States . . .”

___

This quote depicts the process of a bill becoming a law (forming in congress and being presented to the president for a formal declaration of a new law).

What is the impact on human achievement?
A. Social
B. Cultural
C. Political
D. Economic

Answers

Answer is B cultural

Using the document above, what is John Adams position on negotiations with France after the XYZ Affair?

Answers

Answer:

To solve the problem.

Explanation:

John Adam's position is to solve the dispute through the negotiations with France after the XYZ Affair but the failure of XYZ Affair, the war broke out which leads to the happening of Quasi-War that started from 1798 to 1800. Before war, the United states of America wanted a solution through dialogue for the problem but the failure of dialogue led to the broke out of war between France and United states of America.

what does heritage reflect?

Answers

Answer:

Heritage is the full range of our inherited traditions, monuments, objects, and culture. Most important, it is the range of contemporary activities, meanings, and behaviors that we draw from them. Heritage includes, but is much more than preserving, excavating, displaying, or restoring a collection of old things.

Explanation:

heritage reflects our culture our tradition our rich and glorified history

PLEASE HELP!!!

How can you be an ideal citizen of society? Present your conlusion.​

Answers

Explanation:

To become an ideal citizen,we should follow our duties and responsibilities to be a responsible citizen.And,social character is needed to be perfect citizen of the society.

exactly in which countries abortion was banned. and what are missing to do it?​

Answers

Answer:

Abortions are completely banned in Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic and only allowed in certain restricted circumstances in most other Latin American nations.

Hope this will help you if not then sorry, have a great day :)

What are the pros and cons of Private military contracts (PMC) or mercenaries?

Answers

There is simply no way at all that the State Department's Bureau of Diplomatic Security could ever have enough full-time personnel to staff the security function in Iraq. There is no alternative except through contracts...
The capability and courage of the individuals who provide security under contract is worthy of respect of all Americans...
...[O]ver 30 of our contract security Americans have been killed keeping the rest of us safe."

In her classroom, Melissa regularly asks students to provide one compliment and one productive critique to one another's work. She also asks students to use the compliment/critique model to provide feedback on her teaching. In using these methods, Melissa is primarily demonstrating her skill as a:

Answers

Answer: Relater

Explanation:

A relater is defined as someone who narrates a story. Could be results, analysis, theories to give a report at the end of the day. Teachers are one category of people that are described as Relater due to how they narrate stories from feedbacks and theories.

Melissa is primarily demonstrating her skill as a Relater by the task she seeks from the students.

Low-income and minority communities are often subject to racial discrimination at the hands of local government policies and actions. However, in recent years, communities are fighting back and winning battles to protect and improve their neighborhoods. Identify the ways in which communities can be politically active for their own benefit. Beneficial Way Communities Can Be Politically Active engage with public planning process Press Space to open refuse to cooperate with local government Press Space to open organize protests Press Space to open create community associations Press Space to open Not a Beneficial Way for Communities to Be Politically Active

Answers

Answer:

create community associations organize protests engage with public planning process

Explanation:

The options selected above are the most efficient ways for a community to become politically active and achieve benefits for members of that community. The options shown above allow community members to present their wishes and claims, allow community members to participate in progressive projects and the planning of the environment in which they live, and allow members of society to unite for common goals and become help each other, giving strength for further improvements to be achieved for the community.

Which visual tools would be the best to help bihn illustrate the similarities and differences in the education programs of these two countries?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "Venn Diagram Table".

Explanation:

It will use it as a visual tool to highlight how well the training programs in both nations are similar and different, he explains. Similarities and contrasts between two notions can be represented visually using this diagram. Circular shapes are being used to examine the relationship between two objects or a group of objects. The Circumferences indicate a commonality, while those who do not overlap indicate differences.

Andrea created a picture of an aquarium, which she plans to give to her teacher to hang in the classroom. Andrea was very excited by the idea that her teacher would hang up her picture on the wall, especially since the reason Andrea had made it was to show her teacher she could draw all sorts of fish from memory. In which of Erikson's stages do children realize that they can obtain the recognition of teachers and parents by producing things

Answers

Answer:

the second stage

Explanation:

who was the man who said I have a dream lol

Answers

Answer:

It was Abraham Lincoln that said "I have a dream"

martin luther king

i think you knew that

ur pfp explains it Imao. we love denji <3

Its in the picture!!!!!!

Answers

Explanation:

D. it was the turning point of the american revolution.

Factors that influence population growth in Ghana​

Answers

Answer:

Population growth is based on four fundamental factors: birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration.

Explanation:

Activity
Pick a health and safety organization of your own choice. Research and find out what exactly the organization stands for, what it does, where it
gets its funding, and so on. Write an essay about the organization and whether or not you think it has helped people and made a difference in
their lives.

Answers

Explanation:

the abd El is the world of some reason that we are not the world of the world in the same as the world is the most beautiful word with me and the world of various time to speak with

Answer:

The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) works to safeguard Americans from health, security, and safety hazards. It protects people from diseases that may originate within the country or across borders. It also protects people from injuries and disabilities. The CDC has various institutes and offices, such as the CDC Washington Office, Center for Global Health, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, which work collaboratively to address public health issues. The CDC partners with government and private organizations to prevent health hazards arising from factors such as pollution and congestion. It has partners such as the Public Health Information Network, business organizations, health professionals, schools and universities, sports and entertainment organizations, and international health organizations. The CDC is actively engaged in preventing and controlling health hazards at national, state, and local levels. It undertakes research to find effective ways of preventing these hazards and creates general awareness among citizens to protect them from diseases. CDC gets its funding from the government. It is a very important and valuable organization that has helped improve the health and safety of the community.

Explanation:

-

which is the capital of Vardhan​

Answers

Answer:

Thaneshwar

Hope it is helpful

Megan fails to see any connection between how hard she works and the size of her annual pay raises. Consequently, she no longer puts much effort into her job, even though she really wants a big raise. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in the operant conditioning of work habits. Group of answer choices

Answers

Answer:

Cognitive processes.

Explanation:

An employee can be defined as an individual who is employed by an employer of labor to perform specific tasks, duties or functions in an organization.

Basically, an employee is saddled with the responsibility of providing specific services to the organization or company where he is currently employed while being paid a certain amount of money hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly depending on the contractual agreement between the two parties (employer and employee).

In this scenario, Megan fails to see any connection between the level of work she puts in and the size of her annual salary increment. Consequently, she lost passion for the job and no longer puts much effort and hard work into it, even though she really wants a big raise in her wages or salary.

Operant conditioning can be defined as an associative learning process which involves reinforcing the strength of a behavior. Thus, an outcome depends on the response in operant conditioning.

Basically, operant conditioning is a learning process in which the consequences of behavior are manipulated in order to increase or decrease the frequency of the behavior exhibited by an individual, or to shape an entirely new behavior in an individual.

In this scenario, the situation with Megan best illustrates the importance of cognitive processes in the operant conditioning of work habits because the reinforcement of a desired behavior involves strengthening a positive behavior that's being exhibited by an individual through the use of stimulus such as a pay rise.

Other Questions
Aliana is supposed to get back to a customer with an answer about a refund by the end of the day, but she won't have all the approvals she needs to process the refund by that time. What should she do? O a) Call the customer only when she has processed the refund Ob Tell the customer that she should have called about the problem earlier Oc) Explain to the customer that her bosses are the ones that are taking forever O di Apologize to the customer and say that she will call her tomorrow with an update In a decreasing-cost industry: Group of answer choices greater demand leads to higher long-run equilibrium prices. there will be no firm entry because the increased supply will reduce the long-run equilibrium price. lower demand leads to higher long-run equilibrium prices. the law of demand does not apply. Given 4 points A, B, C, D where no 3 points are collinear, any 2 points have a distance greater than 10. Prove that there exist two points out of 4 given points with greater distance 14. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 25 and 210 which are either divisible by 3 or divisible by 4? Please let me know I will mark you Brainliest Miller and Sons' static budget for 10,500 units of production includes $41,000 for direct materials, $50,300 for direct labor, variable utilities of $7,600, and supervisor salaries of $14,600. A flexible budget for 12,100 units of production would show Round your final answer to the nearest dollar. Do not round interim calculations. a.the same cost structure in total b.direct materials of $47,248, direct labor of $57,965, utilities of $8,758, and supervisor salaries of $14,600 c.direct materials of $47,248, direct labor of $57,965, utilities of $8,758, and supervisor salaries of $17,520 d.total variable costs of $113,500 Choose the option that best suit the question .An inclined plane of angle , acting as a simple machine has a velocity ratio :(a) sin(b) 1/sin(c) cos (d) 1/cos (e) sincos Write the different function of different type of teeth. what type of needs of quality of life are education and health services plz help and explain this :) A supervisor records the repair cost for 22 randomly selected VCRs. A sample mean of $75.50 and standard deviation of $18.07 are subsequently computed. Determine the 99% confidence interval for the mean repair cost for the VCRs. Assume the population is approximately normal. Step 1 of 2 : Find the critical value that should be used in constructing the confidence interval. Round your answer to three decimal places. A restaurant interest survey of 230 citizens in a town showed that 80 want a new Chili's, 120 want a new Red Lobster, and 20 want both. Determine the probability that:... Ellos ________ del edificio en la ciudad. est dentro est al lado estn dentro estn al lado Six months after a devastating earthquake, a researcher goes back and examines archival data (sales records, etc.) that indicate how prepared residents in the area were for a disaster before the earthquake hit unexpectedly. The researcher then gathers data on how prepared residents are for a disaster six months later and compares the scores. This study is an example of a(n) ____. How does adding oxygen (O) to this reaction change the equilibrium?2s02(g) + O2(g) = 2s03(8) why do some people believe that the state is in decline? what is ethos, logos, and pathos? People who want to obtain from financial institutions can use their rights to do so. Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition Materials found in the earth that people need and value Daley Company uses the allowance method. At December 31, 2015, the company's balance sheet reports Accounts receivable, Net in the amount of $17,000. On January 2, 2016, Daley writes off a $1,500 customer account balance when it becomes clear that the customer will never pay. What is the amount of accounts receivable, net after the write-off?a. $1,500b. $15,500c. $18,500d. $17,000 3. The following illustrates the growth of the suburbs post WWIIWhat government policy resulted in the growth of housing developments such as the one in thisimage?A. The G.I. Bill increased the access to financing options for new homes.B. Deflationary monetary policies caused a decline in the prices of new homes.C. Advertisements on television increased the public's desire to buy new homes.D. The tensions during the Cold War caused a decline in the prices of new homes.4. The following chart shows the number of registered births in the U.S. for three decades.19604,257,85019503,554,14919402,360,399Which reason best explains this change in the birthrate?A. prosperity following a conflictB. immigration due to demobilizationC. regulations ensuring healthful dictsD. immunizations preventing childhood diseases5. The following letter is from the Office of Price Administration in 1944. Revised Maximum Price Regulation 322, establishing maximum prices for Alfalfa Hay inCalifornia and other western states, is being revised.... The revised regulation will establishmaximum prices on a seasonal basisWhich reason best explains this revision?A. eliminating unfair rates during a recessionB. preventing inflation due to wartime scarcityC. Protecting farmers from competition D. Encouraging urban was created in 1943