In the following, a limited franchise is NOT a feature of democracy.
Only those persons elected by the public should have the right to make choices in a democracy. There are several cases where elections are held yet power stays with someone else. In Pakistan, for example, General Pervez Musharraf launched a military coup on October 1999. He deposed an elected government and appointed himself "Chief Executive" of the country.
One of the key characteristics of a democratic system of government is that the people elect their representatives, who have final decision-making authority. This guarantees that the people are involved in the country's government. We may point to India, the United States, and England as successful democracies in which the Parliament, an elected body of the people and the emblem of democracy, adopts policy for the people.
To know more about the Democracy, here
brainly.com/question/13158670
#SPJ4
Adam Smith wrote in The Wealth of Nations, Book II, Chapter 2, In general, if any branch of trade, or any division of labour, be advantageous to the public, the freer and more general the competition, it will always be the more so. Adam Smith's quotation would most likely be used to defend which of the following policies
More competition is beneficial to the public, so Adam Smith contends, and is therefore better for any sector of the economy. According to the excerpt, the public will gain when more companies participate in a sector of the economy.
The Wealth of Nations, a book that has had a significant impact on economics research, explores the process by which countries acquire wealth. Adam Smith believes that by letting people pursue their own self-interest in a free market without interference from the government, nations will prosper.The famous quote from Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations states that the size of the market determines how much labor can be divided. This is because the exchange allows each person to specialize in their work while still having access to other resources.To know more about Adam Smith here
https://brainly.com/question/50
#SPJ4
During a peaceful protest, an individual encourages others to perform acts of vandalism. The individual is arrested by state police and taken into custody. In the trial that follows, the individual's lawyer claims that the First Amendment rights of the accused are extended to the state and local levels through which of the following?
The Court administered in Schenck v. US (1919) that discourse making an "irrefutable risk" isn't safeguarded under the Principal Correction.
No State will make or implement any regulation which will abbreviate the honors or susceptibilities of residents of the US; nor will any State deny any individual of life, freedom, or property, without fair treatment of regulation; nor deny to any individual inside its purview the equivalent assurance of the regulations.
Fair treatment under the Fourteenth Amendment can be separated into two classifications: procedural fair treatment and considerable fair treatment.
A leading group of Instruction of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) The Equivalent Assurance Condition of the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution restricts states from isolating government-funded school understudies based on race.
To learn more about Amendment here
https://brainly.com/question/8244125
#SPJ4
Thirteen year old Marianne is a freshman in high school. She is an honor student and wants to sing on the choir. When she arrives at choir practice, the teacher tells her she must take a drug test if she wants to participate in any extra-curricular activities. Marianne refuses and is kicked out of choir.
This is an incident of non-violation. The fourth amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, but in Tinker v. Des Moines (1969), the Supreme Court ruled that drug tests for all students participating in extracurricular activities are a reasonable way to prevent and deter drug use.
What is the fourth amendment?The Bill of Rights includes the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. It forbids arbitrary searches and seizures.
Fourth Amendment case law addresses three major issues: what constitutes "searches" and "seizures" by the government, what constitutes probable cause to conduct searches and seizures, and how to address violations of Fourth Amendment rights.
Therefore the incident is not violating any amendment.
To learn more about the fourth amendment, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/28246295
#SPJ1
B. Regionalism is a form of realism that emphasizes realistic settings, using local dialect, customs, and other specific details of a place. Identify the regional stories in the Realism and Regionalism unit. What part of the country is portrayed, and which details in the story distinguish it from other regions in America
In century American the Civil War and westward expansion created numerous changes in society and politics. American artists turned to realism and regionalism to comment on the new concerns of the time period such as the ongoing struggle of the working class.
A civil war or civil war is a conflict between established factions within a single nation. A side's goal is to seize power in a country or a particular territory, ensure regional independence, or change government practices.
This expression is of the Latin expression bellum civile, which came into use in the 1st century BC. BC was used to represent the numerous civil wars of the Roman Republic. Civil wars are long-running, well-organized, large-scale and violent conflicts that often involve conventional armed.
To know more about Civil War here-
https://brainly.com/question/11874600
#SPJ4
A person is sentenced to 30 years in prison for not paying his debts. He appeals his sentence to a higher court. On which of the following grounds would he have cause for appeal
The Constitution doesn't ensure an allure after conviction, however, the national government and all states license somewhere around one appeal.
An appeal is accessible if, after a preliminary in the U.S. Locale Court, the terrible side definitely disapproves of the preliminary court procedures, the law that was applied, or the way in which the law was applied. For the most part, on these grounds, prosecutors reserve the privilege to an investigative court survey of the preliminary court's activities.
The re-appraising court will do one of the accompanying: Confirm the choice of the preliminary court, wherein case the decision at preliminary stands. Switch the choice to the preliminary court, in which case another preliminary might be requested.
To learn more about the appeal process here
https://brainly.com/question/22598788
#SPJ4
In this assignment you will complete the following steps: 1. Research: Using reliable resources, research key events, people, and ideas that contributed to the women's suffrage movement in the United States. 2. Create: Create a timeline of the women's suffrage movement in the United States.
The ideas which contributed to the women's suffrage movement in the United States are, traditional lobbying and petitioning.
The women's suffrage movement was considered to be a decades-long fight to win the right to vote for women in the United States. Thus, for over the 50 years, Susan B. Anthony was called the leader of the American woman suffrage movement.
However, the greatest success of the women's suffrage movement was the campaign which was held in order to win passage of the 19th Amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote. Thus, the traditional lobbying and petitioning were a mainstay of the party members.
To learn more about the women's suffrage movement here:
https://brainly.com/question/1441724
#SPJ4
What is the main idea of the Magna Carta?
It discouraged the idea of the social contract.
It called for limiting the power of the monarch.
It helped define justice by setting standards for courts.
It defined roles for government, such as the work of agencies.
The idea behind Magna Carta was that its called for limiting the power of the monarch. The Option B is correct.
What was the significance of Magna Carta in Britain?The Magna Carta is a fundamental document that guarantees the English people's liberties. It declares rights that have become part of English law and are now the foundation of every English-speaking country's constitution.
The Magna Carta, which means "great charter" in Latin, was written by English barons (nobles) and church leaders to limit the power of the king. They forced the tyrannical King John to agree to the charter in 1215.
According to the Magna Carta, the king must follow the law and cannot simply rule as he pleases. It was one of the first documents to declare citizens' rights. Many people today consider Magna Carta to be Europe's first written constitution.
Read more about Magna Carta
brainly.com/question/30191949
#SPJ1
Answer: B
Explanation:
It called for limiting the power of the monarch.
T/F Audible Distance - Every motor vehicle operated on California's roadways shall be equipped with a horn. Which is capable of emitting audible sound from a distance of not less than 450 feet.
True. Every motor vehicle operated on California's highways must be equipped with a cornucopia that's able of emitting audible sound from a distance of not lower than 450 bases.
This demand applies to all motor vehicles, including buses , motorcars, exchanges, motorcycles, and campers. The purpose of this demand is to insure that motorists can warn climbers and other motorists of their presence from a safe distance. The cornucopia must be in good working order at all times, and must be loud enough to be heard from a distance of at least 450 bases. also, the cornucopia mustn't be modified in any way that would reduce its sound position or alter its tone. By taking audible cornucopias, California is helping to make its roads safer for everyone.
To know more about cornucopia visit:
https://brainly.com/question/805051?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
define high crimes and misdemeanors and describe what the framers of the Constitution meant by the phrase
High Crimes and Misdemeanors were violations against the authority of the government rather than against people or things.
When the U.S. Constitution was created, the phrase "high crimes and misdemeanors" was frequently used and did not call for any strict or sophisticated standards for finding guilt, but rather the contrary. The phrase has historically been used to refer to a wide variety of crimes.
The authors of the American Constitution were visionaries. They strengthened the stability of our Constitution. Our four most crucial sovereignty—"freedom of expression," "due process of law," and "free exercise of religion"—are fully defined in this document.
To learn more about high crimes and misdemeanors,
https://brainly.com/question/7985988
#SPJ4
producer with a comparative advantage has the ability to produce a good or service at
a lower opportunity cost than any competitor can.
a faster rate than any competitor can.
a greater volume than any competitor can.
a lower cost than any competitor can.
Option (a), The ability of an economy to produce a specific good or service at a lower opportunity cost than its trading counterparts is known as comparative advantage.
Comparative advantage: what is it?It is argued that a country has a comparative advantage when it is able to produce goods and services for much less money than other countries. False. It is argued that a country has a comparative advantage when it can produce goods with lower opportunity costs than other countries. Lower costs are a great illustration of an absolute advantage.
Can a producer with a competitive edge offer a product or service?When a producer can offer a good or service for just a lower opportunity cost, the producer does have a comparative advantage in creating that good or service. An absolute production advantage is when you can manufacture a good using less resources than another individual.
Learn more about opportunity cost: https://brainly.com/question/13036997
#SPJ1
Answer:
A - a lower opportunity cost than any competitor can.
Explanation:
EDGE
According to an agent's fiduciary duties, the agent must not change or modify the financial terms of a deal. Which of the following fiduciary duties best reflects this
According to an agent's fiduciary duties, the agent must not change or modify the financial terms of a deal. Accountability is the fiduciary duty best reflects this.
Fiduciary responsibility refers to the relationship between a fiduciary and the principal or beneficiary for whom the fiduciary acts.
The fiduciary assumes legal responsibility for duties including care, loyalty, good faith, confidentiality, and others when working in the beneficiary's best interests. To make sure that no conflict of interest arises and jeopardizes such interests, extreme vigilance must be exercised.
Accountability helps to raise the caliber of financial reporting. In essence, trustworthy checks and balances are necessary to maintain the integrity of the capital markets. A successful communication between investors and management is based on the accountability aim. It exemplifies how management utilizes the tools that are entrusted to it.
The idea of duty in the corporation is also appealing to shareholders.
We can learn more about fiduciary duties here:
https://brainly.com/question/23532015#
#SPJ4
true/false. A challenge that Mexican citizens living in areas that were part of the Mexican Cession faced was that they were separated from white settlers. their families were forced into slavery. they did not know how to farm. their families lived in Mexico and the US.
False. The Mexican capitulation was a large tract of land that was ceded by Mexico to the United States in 1848, after the Mexican- American War.
The vast maturity of Mexican citizens living in the ceded lands stayed in their homes, but faced a range of challenges due to the new political and profitable situation. They faced demarcation from the white settlers, with their rights to enjoy land and vote constantly denied. In addition, their land was frequently taken down through legal oddities, leaving them without dependable sources of income. The language hedge was also a challenge, making it delicate for Mexicans to understand and navigate the new laws and regulations. Eventually, those with families living in Mexico faced issues of separation, with little to no expedient to reunite with them. Despite these difficulties, numerous Mexicans in the ceded lands were suitable to produce successful lives for themselves and their families.
To know more about Mexican- American War visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28226005?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
true/false. Rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution are considered, but are protected nonetheless.The Ninth Amendment states that when rights are not listed, this cannot beas limiting citizens' rights.According to the Ninth Amendment, the fact that rights are not listed should not mean that these rights arein any way.
The Ninth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution safeguards against federal violations of unrecognized rights in the country. The text states: The listing of some rights in the Constitution shall not be interpreted to exclude or denigrate other rights retained by the people.
The statement is True
The tone of the speech is formal. It uses pronouns like we and us to address the audience. It is broadcast on radio and television. The speaker expresses pride in the group's most recent accomplishments.The Bill of Rights, which was incorporated into the Constitution on December 15, 1791, included the Ninth Amendment. It states that the people, not the government, own all rights not mentioned in the Constitution.To know more about rights here
https://brainly.com/question/22285592
#SPJ4
Which is not a legal reason for reporting a shipwreck?
The Abandoned Shipwreck Act (ASA) gives the government ownership of most abandoned shipwrecks in rivers and lakes, as well as in the ocean up to three miles from shore.
It confirms state governments' authority to claim and manage abandoned shipwrecks on state submerged lands.
Many laws have also been passed to reclaim shipwrecks as government property. The Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987 (ASA) grants full title to all shipwrecks within three miles of shore in U.S. territorial waters. It also claims that the remains of both foreign and domestic ships are protected as if shipwreck-laws they were never abandoned or searches halted after sinking.
Learn more about " shipwreck " to visit here;
https://brainly.com/question/18481621
#SPJ4
true/false. The Latin American revolutions from 1804 to 1821 were unsuccessful and left strong conservative governments in place. unsuccessful and left strong liberal governments in place. successful and had similar styles of government in the various countries. successful and had different styles of government in the various countries.
Successful and had different styles of government in the various countries was the main reason.
Monarchy, dictatorship, and democracy are the three most well-known and well-liked forms of government. Depending on who controls the city or state, these three types of government can be either good or bad.The various forms of government include monarchies, oligarchies, direct democracies, representative democracies, socialism, communism, and autocracies.Each kind of government takes the throne and exercises power in a different manner. Learn more about the origins of each type of government, including the monarchy, democracy, oligarchy, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism, as well as how they function.To know more about government here
https://brainly.com/question/18464634
#SPJ4
Multiple Select
Which of the following are challenges unique to finding and validating electronic evidence? (S
O The volume of electronic data that is available.
O Metadata is hard to access.
O Electronic information can be stored in more than one place at the same time.
Electronic information not used for trial may not be as stringently collected.
The statement which highlights the challenges that are unique to finding and validating electronic evidence include the following: B. Metadata is hard to access.
What is an evidence?In Computer technology, an evidence can be defined as a collection of factual information that comprises empirical statistics and analysis, which are typically used to show or prove that an action, event, message, etc., is credible, reliable, truthful, and verified.
This ultimately implies that, an electronic evidence is typically a collection of factual information that are stored and accessed electronically because they reside on an electronic device such as computer storage.
In conclusion, the difficulty in accessing metadata of an electronic evidence has made finding and validating electronic evidence harder.
Read more on evidence here: brainly.com/question/28848551
#SPJ1
Which authority is responsible for conducting the votes and announcing results?
The authority which is responsible for conducting the votes and announcing results is the Electoral College.
The Electoral College is considered to be a process, not a place. So, here the Founding Fathers are said to have established it in the Constitution, which is between the election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of the certain qualified citizens.
However, the Electoral College tends to consist of a 538 electors. Where a majority of 270 electoral votes is required in order to elect the President. So, this authority is responsible for conducting the votes and announcing the results.
To learn more about the Electoral College here:
https://brainly.com/question/7954182
#SPJ4
If a basic illustration is not provided, an insurer MUST provide a policy summary to a prospective insured at which of the following times?
An insurer must provide a policy summary to a prospective insured before the prospective insured is required to pay for the policy or to sign a contract for the policy.
A policy summary is a document that provides a brief overview of the coverage and benefits of an insurance policy, as well as any exclusions or limitations. It is intended to help the prospective insured understand the policy and make an informed decision about whether to purchase it. By providing the policy summary before the prospective insured is required to pay or sign a contract, the insurer is giving the prospective insured the opportunity to review the policy and ask any questions they may have before making a commitment.
This causes households and firms to postpone spending. This is a severe period of declining real output and employment across sectors of the economy and regions of the country.
Households and businesses put off spending as a result of the Great Depression. Across all economic sectors and geographical areas of the nation, real output and employment are severely declining at the moment.
The Great Crisis was a global economic depression that lasted between 1929 and 1939. American stock values had one significant decline before the Depression was clearly visible. The financial contagion that began in September 1929 was what caused the stock market crash of October 24.
A few of the causes of the Great Depression include the 1929 stock market crash, the impact of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff on international trade, policy choices, banking crises, and turmoil, and the shrinking of the monetary base.
To learn more about the Great Depression in the Employment sector,
https://brainly.com/question/29771180
#SPJ4
true/false. Candidate: The government spends $500 million more each year promoting highway safety than it spends combating cigarette smoking. But each year many more people die from smoking-related diseases than die in highway accidents. So the government would save lives by shifting funds from highway safety programs to antismoking programs.
A federal statute that created safety requirements was the National Highway Safety Act.
The United States passed the National Traffic and Motor Auto Safety Act in 1966 to provide the federal government the power to develop and enforce new safety regulations for cars and other motorized vehicles.The Act introduced the first motor vehicle safety regulations that were mandated at the federal level. The National Highway Safety Bureau was established by the Act (now National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). After a period in which both the number of people killed on the road and the number of vehicles had increased significantly since 1925, the government took a number of actions, including enacting the National Highway Safety Act, to address the growing number of cars and the accompanying fatalities and injuries on the road.
Learn more about A federal statute here:
https://brainly.com/question/28448264
#SPJ4
the u.s. supreme court overturned roe vs. wade in june. in what year was it originally decided?
Answer:
Roe v. Wade was originally decided in 1973.
Explanation:
_____ is a manifestation of assent by the offeree to the terms of the offer in a manner invited or required by the offer as measured by the _____ theory of contracts.
Acceptance is a manifestation of assent by the offeree to the terms of the offer in a manner invited or required by the offer as measured by the objective theory of contracts.
The study of how individuals and organizations make legal agreements in settings with uncertain conditions, unknown factors, and knowledge asymmetry is known as contract theory. Contract theory pertains to multi-party talks between a principal and one or more agents, as well as contracts formed by a single individual or organization to describe the terms of multi-party agreements, such as employment contracts.
A contract should ideally specify both parties' obligations and expectations so precisely that there is no opportunity for disagreement or misunderstanding. However, for a variety of reasons, that ideal may never be realized. One concept under contract theory is moral hazard, which is the risk that one party to a transaction is not operating in good faith.
learn more about theory of contracts. to visit this link
https://brainly.com/question/17149867
#SPJ4
Tanya bought a car two weeks before her 18th birthday. After making her fifth monthly payment, she decided the car was beyond her ability to afford and tried to avoid the contract on the basis that she had been a minor when she entered into it. Was she able to do so
Tanya bought a car which was two weeks before her 18th birthday. After payment, she decided the car she cannot afford to buy and tried to avoid the contract on the basis that she had been a minor when she entered into it. So, she was not able to do so.
Minors cannot disaffirm all the contracts which they enter if they wish for, as they cannot disaffirm include the work contracts, bank contracts, enlisting in the army, and also several more. As soon as a person tends to reach the age of majority then the legal power to disaffirm a contract is immediately ended.
However, a contract is considered to be an agreement which is thus signed between the parties, creating mutual obligations which are seen to be enforceable by the law.
To learn more about a contract here:
https://brainly.com/question/14974117
#SPJ4
If you make reasonable efforts to prevent illegal alcohol service, there is no way you can be held liable. T/F
You must follow the law's requirements and make an attempt not to sell alcohol illegally.
In actuality, a sentence is understood to be a collection of words that together form a complete thought and are found in sections and paragraphs. Subjects and predicates are common components of sentences. In the English language, sentences can be basic, complicated, compound, or compound-complex.
It is clear from this that the question above asks us to finish the phrase. It is obvious that "fair" completes the statement in the right way. In contracts where one party doesn't wish to accept strict liability for non-performance but has the goal in mind, the parties frequently use the term "Reasonable Efforts"
Learn more about alcohol service.
https://brainly.com/question/29596163
#SPJ4
You are on patrol as a cop, you see a known gang member's pink 4-door Sedan. It was used in the murder of another police officer. How do you react in this situation?
You are on patrol as a cop, you see a known gang member's pink 4-door Sedan. It was used in the murder of another police officer. I will call the remaining police force and silently try to arrest them.
What is police?A police is a body of officers created by the government for maintaining law and order, safety of the people, enforcing the law, and preventing, detecting, and investigating criminal activities.
The police also known as cops do patrolling in different different areas which are sensitive and are prone to crimes.
If police find the suspect or anything that is related to a crime, the police have the authority to take it under their control.
Learn more about police here:
https://brainly.com/question/17882701
#SPJ1
Explain the “separate but equal” principle Califano wanted in reference to changes proposed to the 504 bill?
Answer:
The “separate but equal” principle was proposed by Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph Califano in reference to changes proposed to the 504 bill. This principle would have established separate programs for disabled people and non-disabled people, with both programs having the same level of funding and resources. The idea was that this would create a more equitable system for people with disabilities, as the programs would be tailored to the individual needs of each group. However, the principle was ultimately rejected by the courts, as it was seen as perpetuating discrimination against people with disabilities.
Explanation:
An estate which the tenant holds his own right, without being joined in interest with any other person is known as___
A. Tenancy by the Entirety
B. Tenancy in Common
C. Estate in Severalty
D. Joint Tenancy
An estate which the tenant holds his own right, without being joined in interest with any other person is known as Estate in Severalty (Option C).
Estate in Severalty, also known as a Sole Ownership, refers to a property that is owned by a single person, who holds the property in their own right, without being joined in interest with any other person. This means that the owner has the exclusive right to use, occupy, and dispose of the property, and is responsible for all costs and liabilities associated with the property.
In contrast, Tenancy in Common (Option B) refers to a type of co-ownership where two or more individuals own a property together, each having an undivided interest in the property. In this case, the tenants have a right to possess the property but do not have the right to exclude other co-tenants.
Tenancy by the Entirety (Option A) is a type of co-tenancy that can only exist between husband and wife, in which the couple holds the property together and neither party can sell or dispose of the property without the other's consent.
Joint Tenancy (Option D) is a type of co-tenancy where two or more individuals own a property together, but each tenant holds an equal right to the property and has an equal right to possession and use of the property. In this case, upon the death of one joint tenant, the deceased's interest in the property automatically passes to the surviving joint tenant(s).
In conclusion, Estate in Severalty is a type of property ownership in which a single person holds the property in their own right, without being joined in interest with any other person. The tenant has the exclusive right to use, occupy, and dispose of the property, and is responsible for all costs and liabilities associated with the property.
In which year was the endangered species act signed into law?
Compare and contrast the five primary punishment philosophies.
300 words please
Answer:
The five primary punishment philosophies are retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restoration. Retribution is based on the idea of “an eye for an eye”, meaning that the punishment should fit the crime. This philosophy views punishment as a way to balance the scales of justice and to provide a sense of justice for the victim and society. Deterrence is based on the notion that the punishment should be severe enough to deter people from committing the same crime in the future. Incapacitation is based on the idea that the punishment should be severe enough to prevent the offender from committing the same crime again, either by removing them from society or by providing them with the tools to change their behavior. Rehabilitation is based on the idea that the punishment should be designed to help the offender change their behavior and become a productive member of society. Finally, restoration is based on the idea that the punishment should be designed to help the offender repair the harm they have caused and to restore the victim, the community, and the offender to a better state.
Retribution and deterrence are both focused on punishing the offender, while incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restoration are all focused on helping the offender. Retribution and deterrence are both focused on preventing future crimes, while incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restoration are all focused on helping the offender change their behavior. Retribution and deterrence are both focused on punishing the offender for their past actions, while incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restoration are all focused on helping the offender reform their behavior. Finally, retribution and deterrence are both focused on punishing the offender for their past actions, while incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restoration are all focused on helping the offender become a productive member of society.
Explanation:
Behavior Detection Officers are now being trained to serve on the front lines of transportation security in an effort to detect terrorists on different modes of travel. There main role is to home in on groups or individuals that display possible behavioral patterns that one would not easily identify as suspicious on the surface.
Discuss what you would consider if you saw a tall gentleman with a long coat during the summer about to board a plane at a busy airport or bus terminal.
If you saw a tall gentleman at a busy airport or bus terminal, the first consideration by you would be that he is a traveler or new to the area based on the contrast in his dressing style.
What is behavior detection ?Behavior Detection and Analysis use a mix of observation, casual discussion, guided dialogue, and reaction evaluation (verbal or physiological) to determine whether a person is deceitful and may be planning a criminal assault on your company. These approaches allow the trained operator to identify and analyze behavior signals that have been globally proven as reliable indicators and predictors of suspicious and/or dangerous behavior.Criminals continue to explore potential targets' security measures and are developing methods and concealing strategies to circumvent them. Criminals find it significantly more difficult to conceal the involuntary emotional, physiological, and physical responses that appear when engaging in illicit conduct and may be discovered by security and front-of-house workers trained in Behavior Detection.To learn more about behavior visit:
https://brainly.com/question/6018457
#SPJ1
