Receptors → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Muscle is the correct sequence of the components in a reflex arc.
Reflex arc refers to the route a nerve impulse takes during a reflex action.Following is a list of the elements of a reflex arc in the proper order: Receptors → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Muscle.A brain circuit that manages a reflex is called a reflex arc. In vertebrates, the majority of sensory neurons synapse in the spinal cord rather than passing directly into the brain. By turning on spinal motor neurons, quicker reflex responses can be triggered without having to wait for signals to travel to the brain.In order to regulate bladder function in healthy individuals, the spinobulbar reflex arc is essential. A local spinal response that triggers bladder contractions develops after spinal cord injuries when this reflex is interrupted and supraspinal control is lost. The type of bladder dysfunction present can serve as a guidance for where lesions should be located.
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What is stabilizing natural selection?
Stabilizing natural selection is a type of natural selection that occurs when the environment favors individuals with intermediate traits, while selecting against individuals with extreme traits.
This can lead to a decrease in genetic variation within a population over time, as traits that deviate too far from the norm are less likely to be passed on to future generations. For example, in a population of fish, fish with fins that are neither too big nor too small may be better able to swim efficiently and survive in traits their environment. Stabilizing selection can also help a population to maintain a balance of competing traits, such as trade-off between growth and reproduction. Stabilizing selection is a process that maintains the norm or the average of a certain trait within a population. It helps to keep the population stable and well-adapted to the environment.
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which formed element can be described as cytoplasmic fragments? a flowchart of thrombopoiesis. a hematopoietic stem cell enters the developmental pathway by turning into a megakaryoblast that is a stage 1 megakaryocyte. the megakaryoblast, in turn, becomes a megakaryocyte labeled as stages two and three. then it becomes a megakaryocyte stage four that breaks up into platelets. which formed element can be described as cytoplasmic fragments? a flowchart of thrombopoiesis. a hematopoietic stem cell enters the developmental pathway by turning into a megakaryoblast that is a stage 1 megakaryocyte. the megakaryoblast, in turn, becomes a megakaryocyte labeled as stages two and three. then it becomes a megakaryocyte stage four that breaks up into platelets. platelets megakaryocytes monocytes erythrocytes
The formed element that can be described as cytoplasmic fragments in a flowchart of thrombopoiesis is platelets. Platelets are small, disc-shaped fragments of cytoplasm that are released from the megakaryocyte stage 4.
Thrombopoiesis is the process of producing platelets, also known as thrombocytes, from hematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells are precursor cells that give rise to all blood cells, including platelets. The process begins with the hematopoietic stem cell differentiating into a megakaryoblast, which is the first stage of megakaryocyte development. The megakaryoblast then matures into a stage 2 and 3 megakaryocyte. As the megakaryocyte matures, it increases in size and begins to produce and store proplatelets, which are immature platelets.They play a vital role in blood clotting and wound healing. They are not full cells but small, cytoplasmic fragments that are released from the megakaryocyte stage four.
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Which one of the following is the best description of the term 'ecosystem'?
(a) A community of organisms interacting with one another.
(b) That part of the Earth which is inhabited by living organisms.
(c) A community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
(d) The flora and fauna of a geographical area
The correct option is C ; A community of organisms together with the environment in which they live.
an organismal community and the environment in which it exists. All living and nonliving things interact with the environment to form an ecosystem.
An ecosystem is a region where a bubble of life is created by plants, animals, and other species interacting with the weather, environment, and other factors. Abiotic variables, or nonliving components, coexist with biotic components in ecosystems. Plants, animals, and other species are biotic factors.
An ecosystem is a place where one or more communities may coexist and prosper. It includes interactions between living and non-living elements of the environment.
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step 1. increase the amount of white blood cells that will get to the area of infection. a. how can this be done?
One of the finest foods to eat to boost white blood cells is zinc since it helps the body manufacture additional WBCs and makes the ones it already has more aggressive.
What occurs when the white blood cell count is low?If overall white blood cell count is low, particularly if your reticulocyte count is low, you are more likely to become ill. If your white blood cell number drops due to an illness, your body cannot protect itself. In severe cases, infection may result in demise.
What happens if the white blood cell count is high?Since they are produced in your stem cells, they defend your body against diseases and infections. However, if you have a high white blood lymphocyte count, you probably have an infection or an immune system response.
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pasteur discovered that microbes can cause food spoilage. his solution to protect wine from spoiling was a process called pasteurization, which is based on what principle?
By inactivating the majority of vegetative spoilage microorganisms and all non-spore-forming harmful bacteria, pasteurization generally aims to increase the shelf-life of products. which is based on what principle It also inhibits or stops microbial and enzyme activity environment.
. French chemist Louis Pasteur created the current germ theory during his experiments in the 1860s. He demonstrated that food spoilage results from infection by undetectable microorganisms, not pasteurization creation. Infection and sickness were brought on by microbes, according to Pasteur. Because of his research in the late nineteenth century that popularized the germ theory of illness and fostered the idea that all infectious diseases could be both prevented and treated by prophylactic vaccination, Louis Pasteur is typically regarded as the father of modern immunology.
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what connects the spinal nerves to each sympathetic trunk?
Based on the evidence collected during the Exploration, describe the relationship between the amount of friction and the distance traveled.
Students investigate the physics used by engineers to create today's roller coasters, including friction, gravity, and the use of potential and kinetic energy.
What is Friction?They first discover that all genuine roller coasters are entirely propelled by gravity and that all roller coasters depend on the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy.
They also take into account how friction affects roller coaster car braking. Finally, they look at how fast the cars accelerate as they move around the track on roller coasters.
Students create, construct, and evaluate model roller coasters using foam tubing and marbles during the accompanying activity (as the cars).
Therefore, Students investigate the physics used by engineers to create today's roller coasters, including friction, gravity, and the use of potential and kinetic energy.
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hypothermia is a state of body temperature lower than ________°f.
Hypothermia is a state of body temperature lower than 95°F.
Hypothermia is caused by prolonged exposure to veritably cold temperatures. When exposed to cold temperatures, your body begins to lose heat more briskly than it produces. Dragged exposure will deplete your body's stored energy, performing in a drop in body temperature.
When your body temperature drops, your heart, nervous system, and other organs can not work typically. Left undressed, hypothermia can lead to complete failure of your heart and respiratory system and ultimately to death. Hypothermia is frequently caused by exposure to cold rainfall or absorption of cold water.
A warmed intravenous result of swab water may be put into a tone to help warm the blood. Airway rewarming. The use of humidified oxygen administered with a mask or nasal tube can warm the airways and help raise the temperature of the body.
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which if any of the cultures with peptides resulted in a toxin concentration similar to the control culture what is your evidence for this
Toxin concentrations were much higher in the control culture than in the peptide-grown cultures.
Over the spectrum of culture densities tested, the relationship between culture density and toxin secretion is linear. - Toxin is secreted in substantial amounts by cultures grown at high density.
Formin is essential for the signal transduction pathway that leads to the production of shmoo. The scientists not only evaluated shmoo production in the two mutant strains of yeast, but also in wild-type yeast.
The signal transduction cascade begins when G-protein molecules linked with the adrenergic receptor activate adenylyl cyclase, a membrane-bound enzyme. Adenylyl cyclase generates a large number of cyclic AMP molecules, which spread and activate protein kinases (PKA, in this example).
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describe mutations, adaptations, differential reproduction, and biological evolution as well as the different types of natural selection, coevolution, and evolution types.(convergent and divergent)
Mutations can come from errors in DNA replication on cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.
Evolutionary adaptation, or known as adaptation, is the adjustment of organisms to their environment to develop their chances at survival in the environment.
Differential reproduction means individuals that have favorable characteristics tend to have more competitive advantage and are more possibly to pass their genes to the next generation.
Evolutionary modification of traits happens when variation is introduced into the population by genetic recombination, gene mutation, genetic drift, or is removed by natural selection.
Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution that favors organisms which are better adapted to their environments. Directional selection, stabilizing selection and disruptive selection are the types of natural selection.
Coevolution happens when species evolve together. Coevolution usually occurs in species which have symbiotic relationships. For example, flowering plants and their pollinators.
While convergent evolution consists of unrelated species which develop similar characteristics over time, divergent evolution consists of species with a common ancestor with change to become increasingly different over time.
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Which of the following processes and organelles account for the replacement of lipids and proteins lost from the plasma membrane? A)Endocytosis and Golgi B)Active transport and the rough ER C)Receptor-mediated endocytosis and smooth ER and Golgi D)Flip-flop of phospholipids from one side of the plasa membrane to the other and the Goldi E) Exocytosis and smooth ER and rough ER
Answer:
The correct answer is E) Exocytosis and smooth ER and rough ER. Explanation
Explanation:
Exocytosis is a process by which secretory vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and other molecules are released from the cell. The proteins and lipids from the secretory vesicles are used to replace membrane proteins and lipids that are lost from the plasma membrane. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) are organelles that produce the proteins and lipids that are used in exocytosis.
What are 3 environmental factors that can play a role in natural selection?
The three main environmental factors that can play a role in natural selection are weather conditions, temperature and geographical access.
The concept of natural selection was given by the naturalist Charles Darwin. Natural selection is the phenomenon by which nature selects those organisms that have traits which are favorable to the environment. The positive heritable changes, which are the variations, that benefit a any particular species will continue to stay in nature while the rest of the unfavorable traits will be eliminated.
The three main environmental factors that can play a role in natural selection are weather conditions, temperature and geographical access. The organisms which are not able to adapt to a particular weather or climate and the temperature conditions will not able to survive. Geographical access also plays a major role in natural selection.
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which factor is the most likely reason coconut palm trees have trouble growing in the states to the far north?
coconut palm trees have trouble growing in the states to the far north because frost can damage the tree. The yield in colder and higher places will be lower, but it won't be zero.
Around the planet, a belt of land 25 degrees north and 25 degrees south of the equator is where coconut trees may be found growing.
From Florida to North Carolina, the U.S. East Coast is covered in palm trees. No, you probably won't find them further north because the Northeastern Coast is too cold for palm trees, whose spread is limited by temperature.
Nevertheless, a number of states, including Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh, have become non-traditional locations for the production of coconuts. Despite being primarily a tropical plant, coconut has been proven to thrive in a variety of agroclimatic environments.
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proofreads dna during replication in order to catch and fix any mistakes occurring during the process.
DNA polymerases are the enzymes that build DNA in cells. When replicating (copying) DNA, the majority of DNA polymerases have the capacity to "check their job" with each base they add. This process is referred to as proofreading.
the molecule that contains the genetic material required for an organism to develop and function, and is present inside of cells. Thanks to DNA molecules, this information may be passed along from one generation to the next. DNA, commonly referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material carried by humans and virtually all other organisms. Nearly all of an individual's cells may include their DNA. DNA is the molecule of information. It provides the knowledge required to produce proteins, another type of substantial molecule. Each of your cells contains 46 long structures called chromosomes that serve as a distribution point for these instructions. These chromosomes are made up of several smaller segments of DNA, called genes.
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How does water help a plant to keep cool?
Answer: Some of the water drawn up through the roots exits the plant through pores – or stomata—in its leaves, hence the sweating.As this ”sweat” evaporates, heat is removed from the air, providing a cooling effect. However, if there isn't enough water available or if relative humidity gets too high, the stomata close.
which of the following has not been proposed as a model to explain the origin of modern homo sapines? a. an origin in africa, followed by migration to other areas where indigenous premodern populations were replaced. b. an origin in africa, followed by migration to other areas where both interbreeding and replacement occurred. c. several origins in different areas with where modern forms evolved from local regional populations. d. separate origins in africa and australia with migrations from both these areas to displace all other populations.
d. A hypothesis to explain the genesis of modern Homo sapiens that involves distinct origins in Africa and Australia with migrations from both of these places to supplant all previous populations has not been put forth.
Who were the papuas?British New Guinea's governance was transferred to Australia in 1904, and the country changed its name to the Region of Guinea. German Northern Guinea was conquered by Australia during World War I.
He has been put forth as a theory to explain how modern humans emerged from Africa. The current model is the one that is most commonly used. It suggests that Homo sapiens originated in Africa before spreading over the globe. In general, modern scientists assume that from their origins in Africa, the homo sapiens first travelled to Asia around 80,000 and 1.5 million years ago. The account will certainly vary as the blanks are filled in. They had established themselves in Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia by 45,000 decades ago, or perhaps much earlier.
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(c) The genetic material from one bacterial cell enters another via transformation, transduction, or conjugation
Answer:
The genetic material from one bacterial cell enters another via transformation, transduction, or conjugation. Transformation is the transfer of genetic material between cells by a virus. Transduction is the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage. Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material from a donor to an recipient cell via a specialized surface that allows for adhesion and exchange of genes.
Explanation:
The genetic material from one bacterial cell enters another via transformation, transduction, or conjugation.
Transformation occurs when a bacterial cell's DNA becomes part of the DNA of another bacterial cell. The new cell will then carry the new DNA in its genome.
Conjugation is where a bacterium transfers its own genes (the genetic material) to another bacterium. This transfer can occur through direct contact between two cells or by using small particles called pili that are used to transfer genetic material between cells within a group of bacteria called a biofilm.
Conjugation is often used by pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae because it allows them to spread rapidly and easily between different hosts (including humans).
When a promoter element is bound by a positive regulatory protein, the result is
A. activation of replication.
B. activation of transcription.
C. activation of translation.
D. repression of replication.
E. repression of transcription.
Transcription is activated when a positive regulatory protein binds to a promoter region.
Which causes activation of transcription?Transcriptional activators are required for a eukaryotic cell's genes to be expressed. RNA polymerase II can be drawn to the promoter or extended with the assistance of activators bound to the enhancer.Transcription commences as soon as an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNA pol) attaches to the template DNA strand and begins to catalyse the synthesis of complementary RNA.Activating transcription factors (ATFs) also hire the multi-subunit Mediator complex, which interacts directly with the RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex, in addition to recruiting nucleosome remodelling enzymes which relax the chromatin surrounding the area containing the cis-acting promoter element(s) (PIC).Initiation, promoter removal, elongation, and termination are the four main phases of transcriptionTo learn more about activation of transcription refers to:
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in a hardy-weinburg population with two alleles, a and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.6. what is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for this allele?
In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, a and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.6.
This means that 40% of the population is homozygous for the a allele (0.6 * 0.6 = 0.36) and 60% of the population is heterozygous for the a allele (2 * 0.6 * (1 - 0.6) = 0.6). Therefore, the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for the a allele is 60%.
The Hardy-Weinberg law is a mathematical law that describes how the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population can be predicted. This law applies when there is a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population, which means that the number of individuals with different genotypes is holding constant. This is because the allele frequencies remain constant, without the presence of external factors such as natural selection or migration.
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Using the diagram in Question 4 describe how the law of segregation applies to the F1 and to the F2 generations
Answer:
The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes (sex cells), the alleles (different forms of a gene) for a particular trait separate and are passed on independently to each offspring.
In the F1 generation, which is the first filial generation, the law of segregation applies as the alleles for a particular trait separate during meiosis and are passed on to the gametes. These gametes are then combined during fertilization to form the F1 offspring.
In the F2 generation, which is the second filial generation, the law of segregation applies again as the F1 individuals produce gametes through meiosis, and the alleles for a particular trait separate and are passed on independently to the F2 offspring. As a result, the F2 generation will exhibit Mendel's ratios of inheritance for that trait.
In summary, the law of segregation applies to both the F1 and F2 generations as it ensures that the alleles for a particular trait are passed on independently during meiosis, and Mendel's ratios of inheritance are observed in the F2 generation.
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which statement best summarizes what happens when particulate matter condenses in the lungs? it causes delirium tremens. it paralyzes the cilia for up to an hour. it forms carbon monoxide. it forms tar, which is a thick, brownish sludge.
It forms tar, a thick, brownish sludge when particulate matter condenses in the lungs.
What is lungs?Your lungs are the pinkish-gray, spongy organs in your chest. When you inhale (breathe in), air enters your lungs and transports oxygen to your blood. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide, a waste gas, travels from your blood to your lungs and is expelled (breathed out). When particulate matter condenses in the lungs, it produces tar, a thick, brownish sludge. The lungs are two spongy, air-filled organs that are positioned on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea (windpipe) transports breathed air to the lungs via tubular branches known as bronchi. The bronchi split further into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), eventually becoming tiny.
Here,
When particulate matter condenses in the lungs, it produces tar, a thick, brownish sludge.
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what factors listed influence the dive depth and dive time of the organisms
Answer:
Explanation:
?
1. Physiological adaptations: The physiological adaptations of an organism, such as its body size and shape, can influence its dive depth and dive time. For example, smaller organisms tend to be able to dive deeper and for longer periods of time than larger organisms due to their lower mass and increased maneuverability.
2. Environmental conditions: The physical environment at the dive depth can also influence an organism’s dive depth and dive time. For example, currents, temperature and pressure changes, and visibility can all affect the dive time and depth of organisms.
3. Feeding behavior: An organism’s feeding behavior can also influence its dive depth and dive time. For example, some organisms may have to dive deeper and for longer periods of time in order to find food or to capture prey.
4. Reproductive behavior: An organism’s reproductive behavior can also influence its dive depth and dive time. For example, some species may need to dive deeper and for longer periods of time in order to find suitable mates.
5. Behavioral adaptations: Behavioral adaptations, such as rest and sleep cycles, can also influence an organism’s dive depth and dive time. For example, some organisms may need to dive deeper and for longer periods of time in order to rest or to sleep.
Which factor is important in making it possible to cool yourself by sweating? Think carefully!
A. (a) Molecules collide with varied angles and speeds.
B. (b) Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak.
C. (c) Water has more energy at the body surface.
D. Both (a) and (b).
E. (a), (b), and (c)
Molecules collide with varied angles and speeds. Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak. Water has more energy at the body surface.
What is sweating?Sweating is the body's cooling process. When your body temperature rises, your neurological system instantly activates sweat glands. Sweating happens when you are frightened, especially on your palms. Primary hyperhidrosis is produced by incorrect nerve impulses, which cause eccrine sweat glands to overwork. Sweating is the discharge of fluids from the sweat glands of the body. This solution contains salt. This is also known as perspiration. Sweating assists your body in staying cool. Sweat is a liquid that is composed of 99% water and 1% salt and fat. Every day, up to a quart of perspiration evaporates. Sweating increases when your body temperature rises. Sweat evaporates from your skin and cools your body.
Here,
Molecules clash at different angles and speeds. Hydrogen bonds are rather weak. At the body's surface, water contains higher energy.
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2. how does leona's atherosclerosis affect platelet function? conversely, what is the effect of increased platelet activity on the development of atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerotic plaques may remain clinically silent but are prone to destruction leading to local platelet activation, aggregation, and subsequent atherothrombotic episodes. Furthermore, platelet activation has been shown to play an important role in promoting atherosclerosis progression.
Platelets are also involved in the development of coronary or carotid atherosclerosis, which often triggers thrombosis. Plaque rupture is a common cause of arterial thrombosis, resulting in exposure of thrombogenic components to the circulating blood. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the activation of endothelial cells with expression of adhesion molecules and monocytes/macrophages, migration of DCs, T cells, and some B cells into the intima, and a modulated matrix component of LDL. is a polyphasic process characterized by a shift.
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Based on their locations, in which city would you expect the biggest change between weather in the summer and weather in the winter? a. winnipeg
b. vancouver
c. san diego
Based on their locations, you would expect the biggest change between the weather in the summer and the weather in the winter in Winnipeg. Here option A is the correct answer.
Winnipeg is located in the Prairie region of Canada and it has a continental climate characterized by cold, snowy winters, and warm summers. Vancouver is located on the west coast of Canada, it has a mild oceanic climate with milder winters and less hot summers.
San Diego is located on the coast of California and has a Mediterranean climate characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The change in temperature between the summer and winter in Winnipeg is the most significant, with average summer temperatures around 20-25C and winter temperatures around -20C or below.
This is a much greater change than the temperature variation in Vancouver and San Diego, which have milder temperature variations throughout the year.
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What evidence did Watson and Crick have at their disposal (and also used) in 1953?
X-ray diffraction information
base ratio information
In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick used X-ray diffraction data and base ratio information to propose their double helix model of DNA structure.
James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double helix model of DNA structure, which explained how the genetic material could store and transmit information.
They had several pieces of evidence at their disposal, including X-ray diffraction data collected by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin which showed that DNA had a regular, repeating structure.
Additionally, they also had information about the base ratio, which was the proportion of the different nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) present in DNA.
This information helped the researchers understand the chemical nature of the bonds between the nucleotide bases. Furthermore, they also used the knowledge of the 3D structure of other biological macromolecules such as proteins to form hypothesis about the structure of DNA, this was also a big part of their research.
The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA was a major breakthrough in the field of genetics and led to a greater understanding of how genetic information is stored and transmitted.
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lo5 explain the implications of the principle of independent assortment in dihybrid crosses adermatoglyphia (no fingerprints) is caused by a dominant allele in the gene smarcad1 in chromosome 4 (nousbeck et al, 2011). would bone density and adermatoglyphia follow mendel's principle of independent assortment?
The principle of independent assortment states that during meiosis, the segregation of one pair of alleles for a given gene is independent of the segregation of alleles for other genes.
In the case of adermatoglyphia, caused by a dominant allele in the gene smarcad1 on chromosome 4, and bone density, which is a separate trait, it is likely that these traits would follow Mendel's principle of independent assortment. This means that the inheritance of the allele for adermatoglyphia would not affect the inheritance of the allele for bone density, and vice versa. Therefore, the presence or absence of fingerprints would not indicate anything about an individual's bone density and vice versa.
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Based on the data, which of the following best represents how the mice with the implanted hESC-b cells use negative feedback to return blood glucose levels to normal if blood glucose levels increase
The mice with the implanted hESC-b cells use negative feedback to return blood glucose levels to normal if blood glucose levels increase represents the increase in the insulin due to the hESC-b cells
hESC-derived cells express genes involved in B-cell engagement during B-cell differentiation. After 7, 14, and 21 days of culture on MS-5 stroma, we analyzed gene expression known to be important for B-cell binding during B-cell differentiation from CD34+ progenitors. Insulin is secreted by β-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas in response to increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). It results from the influx of extracellular Ca2+ through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, whose activity is controlled by the β-cell membrane potential.
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Photosynthesis and Climate Change Compare the Two Photosystems Place the item in the appropriate photosystem. harvests light energyPhotosystem I only Photosystem Il only Photosystem 18 found in the thylakoid contain chlorophyll oxidizes water produces oxygen passes electrons to an electron transport chain
Photosystem I: harvests light energy, contains chlorophyll, passes electrons to an electron transport chain.Photosystem II: oxidizes water, produces oxygen.
Photosystem I and IIPhotosystem I and II are the two photosystems found in the thylakoid membranes of photosynthetic organisms. Photosystem I (PSI) is a light-harvesting complex which absorbs light energy and converts it into a form that can be used in the light reaction.PSI passes electrons to an electron transport chain which produces ATP and NADPH. PSI also contains Chlorophyll-a, a pigment which absorbs light energy.Photosystem II (PSII) is the other major photosystem which also harvests light energy and passes the electrons to an electron transport chain.However, it does not contain Chlorophyll-a, and instead contains Chlorophyll-b and other pigments which absorb different wavelengths of light. PSII also oxidizes water, producing oxygen as a byproduct.Both photosystems are essential components of photosynthesis, and as a result, play an important role in climate change. Photosynthesis is responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which helps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases.Furthermore, the oxygen produced by PSII helps to create a breathable atmosphere. As climate change continues, photosynthesis will become increasingly important to help mitigate its effects.To learn more about Photosystem I and II refer to:
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Do you think that endocytosis and exocytosis can occur within the same cell? Explain your reasoning.
It is true that a cell can undergo both exocytosis and endocytosis. It is a cell's method of importing and removing material.
Exocytosis is the process by which secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, causing the release of the contents of the vesicles into the extracellular space as well as the integration of fresh proteins and lipids into the plasma membrane.A cell moves materials (such as proteins and neurotransmitters) out of the cell by a process known as exocytosis, which is a type of active transport and bulk transport. Exocytosis is an active transport system that uses energy to move materials. All cells utilise exocytosis and its opposite, endocytosis, because the majority of the chemical components crucial to them are big polar molecules that cannot pass through the hydrophobic region of the cell membrane passively. Exocytosis, a type of bulk transport, is the process by which a significant number of molecules are discharged. The process of exocytosis is carried out by porosomes, secretory gateways located in the cell plasma membrane. At the cell plasma membrane, where secretory vesicles momentarily dock, porosomes are a persistent cup-shaped lipoprotein structure.
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