Sodium-glucose coupled transporters transfer sodium ions and glucose symportantly (in the same direction). A facilitated diffusion mechanism is used by the GLUTs to carry glucose across the plasma membrane.
In order to transport glucose against its gradient of concentration, SGLTs must instead rely on the sodium concentration gradient produced by the sodium-potassium ATPase as a source of chemical potential in plasma membrane.. The SGLTs that absorb glucose from food sources are found on the luminal surfaces of the cells lining the small intestine. Additionally, they are present in renal tubules where they aid in the reabsorption of glucose from glomerular filtrate.
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round 10000 B.C., residents of this early agricultural village in Southwest Asia began herding domestic sheep and goats and growing einkorn wheat. a) Catalhoyuk b) Ain Ghazal c) Abu Hureyra d) Al Nenana
(c)Abu Hureyra.
It is important because it demonstrates the transition from foraging to farming in one of the world's prior centres of agricultural expansion.
What were the evidences found at Abu Hureyra?Evidence found at Abu Hureyra signifies that rye was the first cereal crop to be cultivated in a systematic way. In contrast of this, it is now acknowledged that the systematic cultivation of cereal crops was around first time about 13,000 years ago.
Which is the oldest known crop to mankind?Lentils have helped to shape the path of human history for over 13000 years. Today, we add lentils to tasty dishes, soups and salads. In ancient times, however, lentils were an essential part of setting modern societies.
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bella contracted a sexually transmitted infection from her partner a couple of years ago. when she became pregnant, her doctor advised her to avoid breast-feeding her baby once born, as the baby could contract the infection from her. which of the following maternal diseases did bella have?
Answer: AIDS
Explanation: AIDS can be passed from generations to generations. She can pass it to her children.
In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made use of which of the following facts?
Radioactivity was utilized by Hershey and Chase to determine whether DNA or protein made up the genetic material. They used radioactive phosphate to identify the Nucleotide in a T2 phage.
Simply put, what is radioactivity?Radioactivity, as its name suggests, is just the act of generating radiation without any external cause. An fission reaction that is unstable for some reason accomplishes this by "wanting" to give up considerable energy through order to change its configuration to one that is more stable.
Why does radioactivity occur?Radioactivity is the energy released when the nuclei of specific atoms and isotopes decay. Protons and neutrons are linked together in little coils at the centers of atoms to generate their atomic nucleus.
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rank the following steps of the scientific method in order, with the first step at the top of the list and the last step at the bottom of the list.
1. observe and ask questions about something in the natural world
2. create a hypothesis to explain your observations and make predictions
3. carry out the experiment(s) to test the hypothesis and collect data
4. analyze your data and draw conclusions
The steps of the scientific method in order:
1)observe and ask questions about something in the natural world
2)create a hypothesis to explain your observations and make predictions
3)carry out the experiment(s) to test the hypothesis and collect data
4)analyze your data and draw conclusions
Do all scientists obey the scientific method exactly?No, in some areas of science it can have more easily experimented than others. For instance, scientists who study how stars change as they age cannot fast-forward a star's life by a million years to test their hypotheses. When direct experimentation is not possible to do, scientists alter the scientific method.
What will be be the last step of scientific method?The final step of the scientific method is to display the results. After you collected and examined your data, you draw a final conclusion about your hypothesis. A conclusion is a summary of what you have understood from an experiment.
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complete the explanation of how chromosome behavior during sexual reproduction in animals ensures perpetuation of parental traits in offspring and, at the same time, genetic variation among offspring
Each parent's meiosis produces haploid gametes, which have only one set of chromosomes.
Many gametes with unique allele combinations are produced during this process as a result of chromosome crossing over and independent chromosome distribution. During fertilisation, any pair of gametes (such as an egg and sperm) that each contain chromosomes from one parent can combine to form a diploid cell. The variety of various features that can be combined increases as a result of this random fertilisation. The offspring displays features in novel combinations after inheriting genes from both parents. Crossing over results in recombination, which combines maternal and paternal traits in the child.
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Nuclear Energy is a clean energy source with virtually no greenhouse gas emissions.
a) True
b) False
If bears find insects after they move decaying logs, they more frequently move decaying logs. This most clearly indicates that finding insects is a:
a. reinforcement.
b. respondent behavior.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. classically conditioned habit.
If bears find insects after they move decaying logs, they more frequently move decaying logs. This most clearly indicates that finding insects is a: Reinforcement.
Natural selection may improve the reproductive isolation (also known as pre-zygotic isolation and post-zygotic isolation) between two populations of a species through the process of reinforcement. This happens as a result of selection working to prevent the development of hybrid people who aren't very fit. It is frequently referred to as the Wallace effect and was first proposed by Alfred Russel Wallace. Theodosius Dobzhansky is responsible for developing the contemporary notion of reinforcement. He imagined a species that is allopatrically isolated, in which the two groups mate during secondary contact and give rise to hybrids that are less fit. Due to the hybrid's incapacity to give birth to live offspring, natural selection favors individuals of one species over those of the other in terms of reproductive success.
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3 hypothesis on why car wouldn’t start?
Answer:
1. Flat, faulty or dead battery
The battery’s usually the main culprit behind issues with starting your car. In fact, battery problems were the cause in over half of the cases (55%) where our Patrols were called out to a car that wouldn’t start.
2. Starter motor problems
Almost 7% of the cars we see that won’t start have a problem with the starter motor. The starter motor is connected to the car’s battery and sets the engine in motion when you start the ignition. A symptom of a faulty starter motor might be a loud click when you try to turn the key in the ignition. If there’s a problem with the starter motor, a mechanic will need to check it along with the car’s electrical system.
3. Fuel problems
Fuel problems are responsible for around 1 in 20 (5%) of the cases where we’re called out to a car that won’t start. That includes issues with the fuel pump and electrical or mechanical issues with the fuel system.
equal-size samples of two colored substances where placed on an agar plate and allowed to diffuse for an hour.
The diffusion rate increases as a substance gets smaller, when equal-size samples of two colored substances were placed on an agar plate and allowed to diffuse for an hour. You may understand why larger cells would require extra assistance to transfer materials by studying cubes of various sizes.
Materials must be transported into and out of all biological cells across the plasma membrane. You may simulate how diffusion works in cells by soaking treated agar cubes in vinegar after infusing them with a pH indicator. When molecules travel from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, this process is known as diffusion. You can see how far the hydrogen ions have diffused by observing how the color of the agar cube changes as the hydrogen ions from the vinegar move into the cube. Although random molecular motion will continue to cause specific molecules and ions to alternately move between the agar cube and the vinegar solution, the overall concentrations will stay in equilibrium, with equal concentrations both within and outside the agar cube.
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Incomplete question given. The complete question is:
Equal-size samples of two colored substances where placed on an agar plate and allowed to diffuse for an hour. After studying the picture above, what conclusion can you draw regarding the effect of size (molecular weight) on the rate of
i) Molecular size does not affect the rate of diffusion.
ii) The larger the substance, the faster the diffusion rate.
iii) The smaller the substance, the faster the diffusion rate.
iv) Actually, conclusions cannot be drawn because no diffusion was observed.
Based on the picture it can be concluded that:
i) A small cell is better able to maintain homeostasis because it has a larger volume to surface area and, therefore, can have a more efficient exchange rate at its surface and less volume for diffusion to occur.
ii) A large cell is better able to maintain homeostasis because it has a smaller surface area to volume rate and, therefore, can have a more efficient exchange rate at its surface and less volume for diffusion to occur.
iii) A small cell is better able to maintain homeostasis because it has a larger surface area to volume ratio and, therefore, can have a more efficient exchange rate at its surface and less volume for diffusion to occur.
iv) A large cell is better able to maintain homeostasis because it has a larger volume to surface area and, therefore, can have a more efficient exchange rate at its surface and less volume for diffusion to occur.
The beaker to the right shows the bag after one hour immersed in NaOH. Noticing the change in color, what can you conclude?
i) Phenolphthalein diffused out of the bag, and that made the solution inside the bag turn pink.
ii) Both NaOH and phenolphthalein diffused across the membrane. The membrane pores are large enough for both substances to move across
iii) Water reacted with the phenolphthalein and changed its color to dark pink.
iv) NaOH diffused into the bag, raising the pH inside the bag and changing the color of the phenolphthalein. The pores on the membrane are not large enough for phenolphtalein to exit
In which test tube did the cells become crenate?
i) In the test tube containing water.
ii) In the test tube containing 1.8% NaCl.
iii) In none of them.
iv) In the test tube containing 0.9% NaCl.
The beaker to the right shows the bag after one hour immersed in the iodine solution. Noticing the change in colour, what can you conclude?
i) iodine diffused into the bag, changing the colour of the solution to blue-black. The pores on the membrane are not large enough for starch to exit.
ii) Both iodine and starch diffused across the membrane. The membrane pores are large enough for both substances to move across.
iii) Starch diffused out of the bag, and that made the solution outside change in colour.
iv) Water reacted with the iodine and changed its colour to dark blue.
which of the following will an organism that is experiencing an elevated carbon dioxide concentration most likely do? (1 point)
The increase in concentration of CO₂ will leads to form low pH of water because CO₂ is a acidic oxide.
What is acidic and basic?Any material with a pH value between 0 and 7 is known to be acidic while a pH value between 7 and 14 is a base. whereas, bases are ionic compounds that produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
Is Rice acidic or basic?Normally, the pH value of rice is within the range of 6 to 7 pH, though it can vary with different types. For instance, white rice has a pH of 6 to 6.7, brown rice has a pH of 6.2 to 6.7 and wild rice has a pH of 6 to 6.4.
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describe the differences between apocrine and merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands. supplement with illustration of both of them.
Apocrine sweat glands:
Associated with hair follicles, apocrine sweat glands only become functional throughout adolescence. Sweat is secreted by an apocrine gland through a coiled structure that is followed by a duct. The hair follicle is where the duct enters.Merocrine sweat glands:
A watery sweat is produced from birth by merocrine sweat glands, which are present throughout the skin.A straight segment and a secretory coiled section make up a merocrine sweat gland. These particular sweat glands are about a tenth of the size of apocrine sweat glands.Learn more about sweat glands here:
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which of the following describes an advantage of using a recombinant plasmid for dna cloning over pcr? A)PCR is more likely to have errors introduced in the copying process.B.)Recombinant DNA plasmids are able to create large amounts of copies more quickly than PCR.C.)PCR can only be conducted in eukaryotic cells.D.)PCR requires prior knowledge of the sequence in question, while a recombinant plasmid does not.
Option B, Recombinant DNA plasmids have an advantage over PCR because they are able to create large amounts of copies more quickly than PCR.
PCR, or Polymerase Chain Reaction, is a technique that allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences, but it requires multiple cycles of heating and cooling to copy the DNA, which can take a relatively long time. PCR the other hand, recombinant DNA plasmids can be used to create many copies of a specific DNA sequence in a single step, using bacteria as a host. The bacteria will naturally replicate the plasmid along with its own DNA, thus producing many copies of PCR the plasmid containing the desired DNA sequence. This is a faster and more efficient method for creating multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence.
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A student is concerned with the amount of air pollution students are exposed to in the school’s parking lot after school. The student conducts an investigation to compare the quantity of particulate matter released from the diesel-powered buses, natural gas-powered buses, and the large and small cars as they idle waiting to pick up students. To make measurements, a small piece of white fabric is used to collect particulate matter from the tailpipe of each vehicle as it idles for five minutes. Each piece of fabric is then analyzed to measure the amount of particulate matter it collected.
(i) Describe a realistic alternate sampling method to collect particulate matter from the vehicles in the investigation.
(j) The student wants to ensure that the results are reliable. Explain how the student could modify the experimental design to make results of the investigation more reliable.
High Volume Sampler method can be used for sampling of particulate matter.
A realistic alternate sampling method to collect particulate matter from vehicles would be using a high-volume sampler. A high-volume sampler is a device that uses a pump to draw in a large volume of air and filter it through a pre-weighed filter. To ensure that the results are reliable, the student could modify the experimental design by use multiple passive samplers, the student can increase the sample size and reduce the impact of any individual outliers. Use a control group: By using a control group of vehicles that are known to have low emissions .Use an independent laboratory for analysis, the student can ensure that the results are not biased and increase the reliability of the data. Use proper data analysis and statistical methods: the student can ensure that the results are statistically significant and increase the reliability of the data. Use a Blinded study: the student can ensure that the results are not biased by the experimenter's expectations and increase the reliability of the data.
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altering which of the following levels of structural organization could change the function of an enzymatic protein?
Altering all primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary levels of structural organization could change the function of an enzymatic protein
What are enzymatic proteins?
Enzymes are proteins that interact with substrate molecules to reduce the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur by stabilizing the transition state. This stabilization accelerates response rates and allows them to occur at physiologically meaningful rates.
Different levels of enzymatic proteins:
Primary level: Proteins are peptide-bonded linear chains of amino acids. Translation incorporates twenty amino acids into a protein. The amino acids in certain proteins are changed by later posttranslational processes. The main structure of a protein is its sequence of amino acids.Secondary level: Based on the interactions of the peptide bond with surrounding neighbors, the amino acid chain, or backbone, adopts one of a few secondary shapes. The main structure of a chain determines the secondary structure that it produces.Tertiary level: The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by interactions between the amino acid side chains inside a single protein molecule. Tertiary structure is the most crucial structural level in defining, for example, a protein's enzymatic function. In biotechnology, folding a protein into the right tertiary structure is critical.Quaternary level: The protein's quaternary structure is defined as the interaction of proteins to create a multimer made of many subunits. The quaternary structure of a protein is frequently crucial in establishing its regulatory functions.Hence alteration of all levels can change the function.
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Which of the following would be inhibited by a drug that specifically blocks the addition of phosphate groups to proteins? Receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Phosphatase activity The activation of G proteins The deactivation of a phosphorylation cascade
The correct option is (A): Receptor tyrosine kinase activity. A medication that precisely prevents the addition of phosphate groups to proteins would inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase activity.
Phosphorylation, or the addition of a phosphate group, regulates several proteins in the organism. Kinases are enzymes that add phosphate groups to protein substrates. Kinases phosphorylate their substrates by transferring the terminal phosphate group of ATP (or GTP). Phosphorylation, or the addition of a phosphate group, activates proteins. Protein phosphorylation happens in all living things. Proteins are deactivated via dephosphorylation, which is the removal of a phosphate group. Proteins can activate or suppress important cellular actions such as secretion as part of a hormone. A cell uses phosphorylation as a switch to turn on or off protein activity. Dimerization and phosphorylation are characteristics of receptor tyrosine kinase activation. Because intracellular receptors are present exclusively in target cells, lipid-soluble signaling chemicals such as aldosterone traverse the membranes of all cells but influence only target cells.
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The complete question is: Which of the following would be inhibited by a drug that specifically blocks the addition of phosphate groups to proteins?
(A) Receptor tyrosine kinase activity
(B) Phosphatase activity
(C) The activation of G proteins
(D) The deactivation of a phosphorylation cascade
Which of the following is the potential major source of energy for the brain during prolonged starvation?
a. Amino acids
b. Fatty acids
c. Glucose
d. Ketone bodies
Ketone bodies is the potential major source of energy for the brain during prolonged starvation.
The ketone groups created by the liver from fatty acids are contained in ketone bodies, which are water-soluble molecules (ketogenesis). The conversion of ketone bodies into acetyl-CoA (acetyl-Coenzyme A), which enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and is eventually oxidized for energy, occurs in organs beyond the liver. Acetoacetic acid (acetoacetate), beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone, an acetoacetate spontaneous breakdown product, are among the ketone groups generated from the liver. The liver produces ketone bodies in a variety of caloric-restrictive conditions, including starvation, carbohydrate-restrictive diets, extended strenuous exercise,alcoholism, and type 1 diabetic mellitus that is untreated (or poorly managed). By breaking down fatty acids, liver cells make ketone bodies.
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Which of the following describe the nucleic acid DNA? Check all that apply.
made up of nucleotides
contains the nitrogenous base thymine
contains the nitrogenous base uracil
functions primarily in the synthesis of protein
is involved in the synthesis of RNA
is copied from one cell to the next
has nucleotides added to its 3' end during synthesis
The four potential nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), nucleotides (C), and thymine (T). The purines guanine and adenine are
How do nucleic acids represent the DNA structure?Mitochondrial dna (DNA) and ribosomal rna (RNA), two types of nucleic acids that carry genetic information and are read by cells to create the RNA and proteins that allow living organisms to function. This knowledge may be replicated and passed onto the next generation thanks to the DNA double helix's well-known structure.
What is the fundamental makeup of a Nucleotide nucleotide?the picture
A polynucleotide is the fundamental component of nucleotides (RNA and DNA). A nucleotide is made up of an attached sugar molecule, either ribose in Mrna or deoxyribose in DNA.
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The four potential nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), nucleotides (C), and thymine (T). The purines guanine and adenine are
How do nucleic acids represent the DNA structure?Mitochondrial dna (DNA) and ribosomal rna (RNA), two types of nucleic acids that carry genetic information and are read by cells to create the RNA and proteins that allow living organisms to function. This knowledge may be replicated and passed onto the next generation thanks to the DNA double helix's well-known structure.
What is the fundamental makeup of a Nucleotide nucleotide?A polynucleotide is the fundamental component of nucleotides (RNA and DNA). A nucleotide is made up of an attached sugar molecule, either ribose in Mrna or deoxyribose in DNA.
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26. Which of the ff are leading cause of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia ? A. Pretorm,jaundice & malnutrition B. Diarrhea,malnutrition & asphyxia C. Preterm,infection & asphyxia D. Infection,sepsis & diarrhea
The leading cause of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia are C. Preterm,infection & asphyxia .
What is the main factor contributing to newborn deaths in Ethiopia?One of the main causes of newborn morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia is birth asphyxia. Birth asphyxia-induced death reveals a considerable lapse in ANC follow-up, fetal monitoring throughout labor, and the beginning of the newborn's resuscitation after birth.
According to the current study, asphyxia, infection, and prematurity are the main causes of late newborn fatalities, whereas asphyxia, prematurity, and asphyxia are the main causes of early neonatal deaths.
Therefore, option C is correct.
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Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity?a.Selective cuttingb.Clear-cuttingc.Shelter-wood cuttingd.Slash and burn clearinge.Gleaning
The Slash and burn clearing method of harvesting trees will lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity. The correct option is D ;
Tree harvesting is the process whereby trees in a forest are cut down for various uses such as building construction and for use as fuel. The methods employed for harvesting trees will affect the environment either negatively or positively. The best harvesting methods include: Selective cutting gleaning
However, other methods such as Slash and burn clearing will lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity.
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Which surface ocean current transports cool water to lower latitudes?
Gulf Stream
Peru Current
West Greenland Current
East Australia Current
Peru current is the surface ocean current which transports cool water to lower latitudes and is denoted as option B.
What is Latitude?This is a term which is used in geography and it means the coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body
Peru current on the other hand is known as the cold-water current of the southeast Pacific Ocean which is as a result of it being responsible for the transportation of cool water to lower latitudes on the earth and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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SB6.d Which of the following is NOT a component of the theory of evolution by natural
selection?
O inheritance of acquired characteristics
O variation among species
O survival and reproduction
O competition for food and space
Thus, we might draw the conclusion that the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection does not include the Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics.
Which of the following is not an illustration of natural selection-based evolution?Teosinte was domesticated to become modern corn. Despite having contributed to the genetic diversity of current corns, Teosinte was purposefully introduced by humans and is not an example of selection.
What are the five natural selection theories?The five ideas were as follows: (1) evolution as a whole, (2) common descent, (3) gradualism, (4) species diversification, and (5) natural selection.
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Which of the following type of integration occurs when a postsynaptic neuron receives signals from different synapses at the same time? O temporal summation O spatial summation O presynaptic O inhibition facilitation
Spatial Summation occurs when postsynaptic neuron receives signals from different synapses at the same time.
What are the different type of summation in postsynaptic neuron?Postsynaptic potentials are summed when a presynaptic neuron fires rapidly and repeatedly ("temporal summation"), when numerous presynaptic terminals fire simultaneously ("spatial summation"), or when both types of summing occur simultaneously. At the hillock, an action potential happens when the voltage-gated sodium channel activation threshold is met. Like flushing a toilet, this operation is all-or-nothing: it either happens or it doesn't. Finally, we contrast a neuron with a nervous system circuit. The axon is the efferent limb in this analogy, whereas the dendrites and soma are the afferent limbs.
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Which of the following best describes how a scientist could accurately study the effects of soil buffering on plant growth in a region that is affected by acid deposition downwind of a coal-burning power plant?
At the same distance from the power plant, compare the height changes of two separate groups of trees: one group is in topsoil, and the other group is in topsoil with additional limestone.
Which of the following describes how a cloudy?Gloomy day would affect the readings for the amounts of air pollutants measured.There will be a rise in nitrogen dioxide levels and a fall in ground-level ozone levels.At the same distance from the power plant, compare the height changes of two separate groups of trees: one group is in topsoil, and the other group is in topsoil with additional limestone.Limestone, the only uncontrolled variable in this study, has a built-in ability to neutralise acid rain. This study would evaluate the impact of soil buffering on plant development in an acid rain-affected area using a control group.To learn more about plant refer to:
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11. Why is it important that the labels included in specimen jars be made of special paper that does not
disintegrate in alcohol over time
The labels are placed in the jars along with the specimens to make sure that they are not lost. Because fish are stored in 50% isopropyl alcohol, which disintegrates most types of paper, the labels have to be made of a special paper that does not disintegrate.
The following are the steps for preserving specimens for scientific study:
Euthanizing. Specimens should be killed in a way that leaves them uninjured and comfortable, in accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee's best standards (IACUC).
Slitting and injection. Liquid preservatives must be injected or inserted through slits into the body cavities, limbs, and tail.
Fixing. While the specimens are still relaxed, place them on trays so that they harden in the right position.
Labeling. Each specimen should be accompanied by specific data, which should be either connected directly to the specimen or documented in a notebook with a number matching to a numbered tag affixed to the specimen.
Storage. After specimens have been properly positioned, they should be preserved in liquid preservative for at least several days before being allowed to remain in the liquid or moved to plastic bags for temporary storage.
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Random question would u prefer foxes or lion?
Answer:
lions
Explanation:
I would prefer lions because of their size and looks.
which of the following is part of charles darwin's observations that describe the mechanism of natural selection? question 4 options: organisms with advantages will survive and reproduce organisms produce more offspring that can survive disease and natural disaster will limit population growth all of the above
Whether an organism survives and reproduces is almost entirely a matter of random chance.
How does Charles Darwin describe the mechanism behind natural selection?Darwinism or other academics of his time argued that nature operated naturally, with no help from humans, through a process resembling artificial selection.He made the case that the evolution of numerous different living forms through time from a common ancestor could be explained by natural selection.
Which four natural selection principles from Darwin's theory are they?Evolution is governed by four principles: variation, inheritance, selection, and time.These are regarded as the elements of natural selection's evolutionary mechanism.
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watch the video clip of cells in the small intestine. name the general location along the villus where the following processes occur: cell division: cell differentiation: crypt, bottom of villi apoptosis
name the general location along the villus are Cell Division is Crypt, Cell Differentiation is Ascending the villus, and Apoptosis is Apex of the villus.
In anatomy, villus, plural villi, refers to any of the teeny, thin vascular extensions that increase the surface area of a membrane. Important villous membranes include the placenta and the lining of the small intestine.
The lining of the small intestine is coated with minute protrusions that resemble hairs. They include blood vessels, which help with nutrition absorption.
The structure of the small intestine is ideal for nutrition absorption. The chyme, a liquid mixture created in the stomach from the food we eat, is absorbed by the villi that line the interior of the small intestine and contains nutrients.
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The beak color of chickens has a complete dominance relationship where black beaks are dominant over yellow beaks. There are 2100 individuals with the genotype DD, 2450 individuals with the genotype Dd and 450 individuals with the genotype dd. A) Find: the frequency of the dominant and recessive alleles and the frequency of individuals with dominant, heterozygous, and recessive traits. P(D)= P(d)=_ Dd dd Frequencies Number of individuals B) The next generation of chickens has a population of 4000. There are 3360 with black beaks and 640 with yellow beaks. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
A- The frequency of the dominant allele, D, is 0.27, and The frequency of individuals with dominant traits is 0.09. B- the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
A) The frequency of the dominant allele, D, is found by adding the number of individuals with the DD genotype (2100) and half the number of individuals with the Dd genotype (2450/2 = 1225) and dividing by the total number of individuals (2100 + 2450 + 450 = 5000). P(D) = (2100 + 1225) / 5000 = 0.81. The frequency of the recessive allele, d, is found by adding the number of individuals with the dd genotype (450) and half the number of individuals with the Dd genotype (2450/2 = 1225) and dividing by the total number of individuals (2100 + 2450 + 450 = 5000). P(d) = (450 + 1225) / 5000 = 0.27.
The frequency of individuals with dominant traits (black beaks) is found by adding the number of individuals with the DD genotype (2100) and the number of individuals with the Dd genotype (2450) and dividing by the total number of individuals (2100 + 2450 + 450 = 5000). P(DD + Dd) = (2100 + 2450) / 5000 = 0.93. The frequency of individuals with heterozygous traits is found by taking the number of individuals with the Dd genotype (2450) and dividing by the total number of individuals (2100 + 2450 + 450 = 5000). P(Dd) = 2450 / 5000 = 0.49. The frequency of individuals with recessive traits (yellow beaks) is found by taking the number of individuals with the dd genotype (450) and dividing by the total number of individuals (2100 + 2450 + 450 = 5000). P(dd) = 450 / 5000 = 0.09
B) The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that the frequency of alleles in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absences of genetic drift, mutation, migration or selection. To be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the observed genotype frequencies must be equal to the expected genotype frequencies based on the allele frequencies. In this case, the observed genotype frequencies do not match the expected genotype frequencies based on the allele frequencies. Therefore, the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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which of the answer choices is not a contributor to genetic drift? bottleneck random change in allele frequency population size founder event natural selection
Natural selection is not a contributor to genetic drift.
What is the main difference between genetic drift and natural selection?Genetic drift and natural selection are two mechanisms that can lead to changes in allele frequencies within a population. The main difference between the two is that genetic drift is a random process that occurs due to chance events, whereas natural selection is a non-random process that occurs due to the differential survival and reproduction of individuals based on their genetic makeup. Genetic drift can occur in any population size, but it is more pronounced in small populations. Natural selection, on the other hand, requires a population to have variation in traits and a mechanism by which certain traits are more favorable than others for survival and reproduction.
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Which of the following yield greater than 4 kcalories per gram?Select one:a. Plant fatsb. Plant carbohydratesc. Plant proteinsd. Animal proteins
Option A, Plant fats Specifically, fats yield 9 kcalories per gram. This is more than double the amount of energy obtained from carbohydrates and proteins which yield 4 kcalories per gram each.
Fats yield greater than 4 kcalories per gram. Fats are a rich source of energy and are stored in the body's adipose tissue. They also play a vital role in maintaining the structural integrity of cell membranes and in providing insulation for the body. Fats can be found energy in both plant and animal sources. Plant fats are commonly found in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. Animal fats are found in meats, butter, and dairy products. It's important to note that not all fats are created equal energy and some fats, such as trans fats, are considered to be unhealthy and should be consumed in limited amounts.
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