The data on the map best supports the fact that Saudi Arabia and Australia produce significant amounts of fossil fuels with comparatively low energy demand.
Fossil fuels have up to now provided the majority of Australia's energy needs. Three-quarters of home electricity in Australia is produced using its cheap and plentiful coal resources, which also support some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. According to a survey, Australia is the third largest exporter of emissions connected to fossil fuels in the world and the fifth largest miner of these emissions, underscoring its leadership position in the worldwide trade of fossil fuels.
Though the Australia Institute, a progressive research tank, found that Australia ranks third in the world for fossil fuel exports after Saudi Arabia and Russia, despite political debates occasionally highlighting its 1.2% domestic contribution to global emissions.
Australia ranks fifth in terms of its share of the world's emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel extraction when exports and domestic burning are taken into account, trailing only China, the US, Russia, and Saudi Arabia.
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Please describe the factors that are facing Belgium in the modern era, what are the contributing factors
associated with this national crisis? (Provide at least two examples in depth)
The modern, capitalist economy of Belgium has benefited from the nation's strategic location, highly developed transportation system, and diverse industrial and commercial base. Early in the 19th century, Belgium had the first Industrial Revolution on the continent of Europe.
In order to integrate its industry with that of its neighbors, it has subsequently created a great transportation system of ports, canals, railways, and highways.
In the north, near Brussels, in the two largest Walloon cities, Liège and Charleroi, along the sillon industriel, and in the populated Flanders area. Belgian imports semi-finished products and raw materials for further processing and export. Belgium's only remaining natural resource is its coal, which is no longer economically viable to use. Nevertheless, the majority of conventional industrial sectors, such as steel, textiles, refining, chemicals, food processing, pharmaceuticals, autos, electronics, and machinery fabrication, are present in the economy. Despite having a significant heavy industrial component, services make up 74.9% of Belgium's GDP, while agriculture makes up just 1%.
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altwater intrusion is a growing problem in places in the united states including in the coastal cities of savannah, georgia, cape may, new jersey, and tampa bay, florida. which of the following is the most likely cause of saltwater intrusion into freshwater municipal wells in these cities located near the coastline? A Destruction of forests, which increases the amount of sediment entering ocean water Inetesse in impervious surfaces, which increases groundwater pollution changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, which change the pH of ocean water D Urbanization and population growth, which lead to overpumping from aquifers
Answer:
Saltwater intrusion can occur in aquifers near coastlines when fresh groundwater in the aquifer is displaced by salt water.
Explanation:
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over time, deep layers of sediment accumulate, causing the weight and pressure on the layers below them to increase, sedimentary rock is formed as sediments are physically pressed together
Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of sediments over time. As more sediment accumulates, the weight and pressure on the layers below increase, eventually compressing and binding the sediment together.
This process takes place over thousands or even millions of years, during which a variety of chemical, biological, and physical processes can affect the formation of sedimentary rock. For example, some sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of calcium carbonate, which is produced when organisms like corals secrete calcium carbonate. Other sedimentary rocks may contain fossils, as some organisms become trapped in the rock layers that are forming. These rocks are usually composed of grains of minerals and organic matter that have been weathered and eroded from other rocks. Through a process known as lithification, the grains of sediment are compacted and cemented together to form a solid rock. Sedimentary rocks are classified into three main categories: clastic, chemical, and biochemical. Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of preexisting rock that have been eroded and transported by water, wind, or ice. Chemical sedimentary rocks form when dissolved materials are transported to the ocean or lake and then precipitate out of the water due to a change in temperature or other environmental conditions. Biochemical sedimentary rocks form as a result of the remains of living organisms.
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Answer:
it could be compaction.
Explanation:
this happens when sediments are deeply buried, placing them under pressure because of the weight of overlying layers. This squashes the grains together more tightly.
Stone tools, ancient coins, and other archaeological artifacts are all examples of ____________ culture.
Stone tools, ancient coins, and other archaeological artifacts are all examples of material culture.
Material culture refers to the physical objects, structures, and other materials that are created, used, and modified by human societies. These are the artifacts and remains of the past that are left behind and that can be studied by archaeologists and other researchers.
They include all the tangible things that were made and used by people, such as tools, weapons, pottery, jewelry, coins, sculptures, and other decorative objects, as well as architectural features like buildings, roads, and monuments.
All these things tell us about the beliefs, customs, and technologies of ancient societies and give us insight into their way of life. Material culture is an important source of information for understanding the past and how human societies have developed over time.
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1.mass of stone or metal that has passed through the atmosphere and has struck the earth's surface pollution 2.the process by which oxygen combines with food to release energy and carbon dioxide scattering 3.process by which plants use chlorophyll and energy from sunlight to manufacture food from carbon dioxide 3 photosynthesis 4.waste substances added to the environment 6 meteoroid 5.the bending of light rays in all directions by gas molecules 2 respiration 6.mass of stone or metal traveling through space. 1 meteorite 7.a broad range of related waves. spectrum
mass of metal or stone that has impacted the surface of the Earth after entering the atmosphere: meteorite
A meteorite is a piece of solid debris that came from an object that originated in space, such as a comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, and made it through the atmosphere to the surface of a planet or moon. When the initial object enters the atmosphere, it heats up and emits energy due to a variety of variables including friction, pressure, and chemical reactions with the atmospheric gases. Astronomers refer to the brightest examples as "bolides"; it then transforms into a meteor and creates a fireball, also known as a shooting star. The meteor becomes a meteorite when it touches down on the surface of the larger body. Sizes of meteorites range widely. A meteorite big enough to leave an impact crater is referred to as a bolide by geologists.
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Mass of stone or metal that has passed through the atmosphere and has struck the Earth's surface:
In a traditional tragedy, the hero or heroine is caught in circumstances from which there is no escape and which inevitably lead to a fateful end.TrueFalse
The aforementioned claim is accurate. In a traditional tragedy, the protagonist or heroine is forced into situations from which there is no turning back and which eventually result in a tragic conclusion.
A tragedy is, to put it simply, a story that has a sad or gloomy finish. A tragedy always involves a heroic character who falls victim to his own frailty. A successful tragedy can instill terror and sympathy in the audience. In a tragedy, the heroic and powerful protagonist's life turns from good to terrible. Shakespeare's Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Christopher Marlow's The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, and Le Cid are just a few examples of well-known tragedies (Corneille).
A story with a joyful ending that makes the audience laugh can be characterized as a comedy. A comedy is a tale that highlights the quirks of regular people and has a pleasant resolution in which the protagonist succeeds. A successful comedy can make the audience realize significant social or personal issues in addition to making them laugh and feel good. Several genres, including farce, burlesques, satire, domestic comedy, comedy of manners, comedy of mistakes, etc. can be used to categorize comedies.
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estimated variations in earth's mean surface temperature over the last 135 years correlates closely with ____
The predicted variations in the earth's mean surface temperature during the previous 135 years roughly match carbon dioxide levels.
A significant heat-trapping gas, or greenhouse gas, called carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced through the production and burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas as well as during wildfires and other natural processes like volcanic eruptions. The first graph displays atmospheric CO2 measurements made recently at Hawaii's Mauna Loa Observatory without accounting for seasonal or natural variations. The air bubbles trapped in ice sheets and glaciers over Earth's last three glacial cycles are used in the second graph to depict CO2 levels during those periods.
Human activities have increased atmospheric CO2 by 50% since the start of the industrial era (in the 18th century), bringing it to 150% of its value in 1750. This is more significant than what naturally occurred 20,000 years ago at the conclusion of the last ice age.
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during headward erosion, if a gully meets a very resistant rock type, the surrounding rock will wear away, and the resistant rock will do so more slowly, eventually wearing away as well forming a .
If a gully encounters a very resistant rock type during headward erosion, the resistant rock will eventually wear away as well, generating Water Gaps, while the surrounding rock will erode more slowly.
Earthen materials are worn away during erosion, a geological process in which they are carried by wind or water. Weathering, a related process that does not involve movement, breaks down or dissolves rock. The process through which earthy elements are added to or accumulated on a landform is referred to as deposition.
Erosion is the opposite of deposition. The principal causes of erosion are ice, wind, or moving water (usually in the form of a glacier). Erosion happens when the glacier ice or water is unclear, the wind is dusty, or both. The brown tint suggests that rock and soil fragments are suspended in the liquid and moving around in it (air or water). This material is known to be in transit is sediment.
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The map of North America below shows the position of the polar front jet stream on January 7, 2014, and the location of Atlanta, Georgia. Which type of air mass was most likely located over Atlanta, Georgia? O mT O mp О СТ O СР
The map of North America shows the position of the polar front jet stream on January 7, 2014, and the location of Atlanta, Georgia. The air mass that was most likely located over Atlanta, Georgia, was cP.
Due to their continental source region, continental polar air masses (cP) are air masses that are cold and dry. Over interior Canada, continental polar air masses that affect North America are formed. Although the continental polar (cP) air mass is relatively dry, it is not as frigid as the Arctic air mass. Over the oceans, the maritime polar (mP) is also cold and moist. Air masses in the desert (which are hot and dry) are referred to as "continental tropical" or "cT" air masses.
An air mass is a volume of air that in meteorology is identified by its temperature and humidity. To categorize them, they are grouped by latitude and their continental or maritime source regions. Warmer air masses are referred to as tropical, whilst colder air masses are referred to as polar or arctic. Superior and maritime air masses are moist, whereas continental and superior air masses are dry.
The most significant air mass that produces rain and moisture throughout the year is the maritime Tropical (mT). Over tropical and subtropical ocean waters, warm, moist maritime tropical (mT) air develops in connection with the high-pressure areas that are dominant there.
Air masses in the maritime polar region (mP) are cold, humid, and unstable. Some marine polar air masses migrate westward over the Pacific, picking up heat and moisture from the water, after beginning as continental polar air masses over Asia.
During the summer, cT (continental tropical) air masses are primarily produced in arid or desert regions in the middle and lower latitudes.
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Identify the statements that describe the experiences of African-Americans in the South.
African-Americans held less land in the majority of the Deep South in 1900 than they did at the conclusion of Reconstruction. White-collar jobs were not open to black males - that describe the experiences of African-Americans in the South.
The term "African-American culture," usually referred to as "Black culture," describes the contributions that African Americans have made to American culture, whether they are unique from or a part of the mainstream. The culture is distinct and has a significant impact on American culture as well as global culture in general.
African-American culture is a synthesis of native African civilizations from West and Central Africa, as well as European cultures that have affected and altered its growth in the American South. Understanding its place in American culture, which means being aware of its anthropological roots as a huge fusion of West and Central African traditions. Although the institution of slavery severely limited the ability of Africans to practice their original cultural traditions, many of these practices, values, and beliefs persisted and over time were modified or combined with other cultures, such as Native American culture, to form what is now known as modern African culture.
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The cultural composition of the Philippines and its constituent islands affects the political stability of the country. Which of the following patterns is best explained by the data in the tables?
answer choices
O An even dispersal of Muslims around the country, leading to assimilation
O An even dispersal of Muslims around the country, leading to ethnic separatism
O An even dispersal of Muslims around the country, leading to irredentism
O A concentration of the majority of the country’s Muslim population on one island, leading to assimilation
O A concentration of the majority of the country’s Muslim population on one island, leading to ethnic separatism
A concentration of the majority of the country’s Muslim population on one island leads to ethnic separatism.
The Philippines is an archipelago composed of more than 7,000 islands. It is a culturally diverse nation, with various ethnic and religious groups living in different regions. This diversity is a defining feature of the Philippine culture, and has become a great source of strength and stability throughout the nation's history.
An example of this cultural composition is the even dispersal of Muslims around the country. Unlike most other Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines is home to a sizable Muslim population. The presence of this group is felt throughout the country, and they have played a major role in the nation's historical and cultural development.The assimilation of Muslims into the larger Philippine culture has had a positive impact on the nation's political stability. The Muslims generally live in peace with their neighbors, regardless of their ethnic or religious background. This has enabled a sense of unity between the different groups, which in turn has led to a unified national identity. This has helped to create a sense of solidarity and partnership among the different groups, and has prevented the emergence of religious or ethnic conflict.The cultural composition of the Philippines has also had a positive effect on its economy. The presence of Muslims in the Philippines has enabled the growth of the local economy, as their cultural practices have allowed them to develop business and trading networks. This has helped to create new opportunities for the Filipino people, as well as expanding the nation's economic base.Overall, the cultural composition of the Philippines has had a significant impact on the political stability and economic growth of the country.
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2. Describe the site (at least two site factors), situation and mathematical location of your home city/town.
Answer:
I don't where the location you need, but I did New York City, New York
New York City is located in the northeastern United States, specifically in the state of New York. The city is situated on the Atlantic coast at the mouth of the Hudson River.
One site factor of New York City is its geography, characterized by its natural harbor and its location on the East Coast of the United States. Another site factor is its urban character, the city is one of the densest urban areas in the United States, with a population of over 8 million people.
New York City's location is 40.7306° N, 73.9867° W. The city is situated on the East Coast of the United States, with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and east. The Hudson River runs through the city from the north to the south. The city is located in the northeastern part of the state of New York, and is the largest city in the state.
how does cherry describe the greasers
In the outsiders, the greasers are the poor boy from the east side of the town who band together to provide for each other needs.
Living in poverty and dysfunction, the have no one but each other to lean on.
Hope it helps you<3the region of strong divergence visualized on the 12 z 13 march 1993 300 mb analysis map and located directly over the surface low pressure center, initiates:
The region of strong divergence visualized on the 12 Z 13 March 1993 300 mb analysis map and located directly over the surface low-pressure center, initiates the upward motion of air above the surface low.
The mechanism of wind divergence, convergence, low-pressure, and high-pressure areas must first be understood. Everything has to do with the earth's wind system's circulation.
It's crucial to realize that there are high-pressure areas above low-pressure areas. For instance, the equator has low pressure on the surface, but above it, the air is diverging towards the poles, causing winds to blow into the sub-tropical high-pressure belts. As a result, there is a surface-level wind circulation motion known as the Hadley Circulation between the Equatorial Low-Pressure Belt and the Sub-Tropical High-Pressure belts. The winds are redirected away from the high-pressure zones.
Because the higher air divergence will amplify the low pressure beneath the upper high-pressure divergence, option A is incorrect. Because of the growing low-pressure area beneath the divergence, there will be a significant inward motion of air. Thus, the claim is untrue.
Option B is likewise untrue because the cold air advection ahead of the surface low is due to the temperature difference between the air moving over the ground and the air above it, not to the strong upper air divergence.
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The complete question is given below:
The region of strong divergence, visualized on the 12 Z 13 March 1993 300 mb analysis map and located directly over the surface low-pressure center, initiates:
A) The strengthening of a surface high beneath the region of divergence.
B) Cold air advection ahead of the surface low.
C) Upward motion of air above the surface low.
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Which of the following are evidence Wegener used to construct the idea of Continental Drift? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY a) Matching fossils across the ocean b) Evidence of climate change in the geologic record c) Matching the edges of the continental shelves d) Deep ocean features like trenches and mid-ocean ridges e) Earthquake locations lined up with certain features f) Paleomagnetism 25/25 points
Answer: The answer is A.
Explanation: Wegener used fossil evidence to support his continental drift hypothesis. The fossils of these organisms are found on lands that are now far apart. Grooves and rock deposits left by ancient glaciers are found today on different continents very close to the equator.
how is the process that generate energy in the sun's core different form an exposion caused by a chemical reaction
Fusion happens when two atoms collide to create a heavier atom, for as when two hydrogen atoms combine to create a single helium atom. It produces enormous amounts of energy that are several times more powerful than fission and is the same mechanism that powers the sun.
What is the mechanism by which the Sun's core produces energy?
Nuclear fusion occurs in the sun, which is how solar energy is produced. Hydrogen atom protons clash ferociously in the sun's core, where they fuse to form helium atoms, which is the process of fusion.
This procedure, also referred to as a PP (proton-proton) chain reaction, produces a significant quantity of energy.
What prevents the Sun's explosion?
The Sun would expand if the gravitational pressure of its outer layers were not precisely counteracting the pressure of the energy produced in the solar core, which pushes outward.
The stars are prevented from collapsing by the outward pressure produced by the fusion events.
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suppose that aliens have launched a space probe towards earth to investigate our planet. place the images of earth's features in the order the space probe will encounter them as it journeys from outer space to earth's surface.
The space probe will first encounter Earth's outermost layer of the atmosphere and Earth's surface, the exosphere. This is the thinnest layer of Earth's atmosphere and lies beyond the thermosphere. It contains mostly hydrogen and helium atoms that have escaped from the thermosphere.
As it passes through the exosphere, the probe will then enter the thermosphere. This region is the hottest layer of the atmosphere and contains a variety of gases, including oxygen, nitrogen, and ozone. The thermosphere extends up to 400 kilometers (250 miles) above the Earth's surface. Next, the probe will enter the ionosphere. This layer is comprised of charged particles, known as ions, that are formed when ultraviolet radiation from the Sun interacts with the atmosphere. The ionosphere extends from 50 to 500 km (30 to 300 miles) above the Earth's surface. The probe will then pass through the mesosphere, which is located between 50 and 80 km (30 to 50 miles) above the Earth's surface. This layer contains very little oxygen, nitrogen, and ozone, and temperatures can drop to -108°C (-162°F). The probe will then enter the stratosphere, which lies between 12 and 50 km (7 to 30 miles) above the Earth's surface. This layer of the atmosphere contains a significant amount of ozone and is the warmest layer of the atmosphere, with temperatures up to -2°C (+28°F). Finally, the space probe will enter the troposphere, which is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and extends from the Earth's surface up to 12 km (7 miles) above the ground. This layer is where the majority of Earth's weather takes place. As the space probe moves through the troposphere, it will encounter clouds, rain, and other weather phenomena before finally reaching the Earth's surface.
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HELP PLSSSS!!!!! ILL GIVE 50 POINTS
For one, it changed shape. The edges are not sharp, two it moved slightly, three it shrinked
has anyone done this or know how to do it i've been stuck on it for some time now
Answer:
No, i don't think so
Explanation:
What is a trophic pyramid? How does it work? Why is the base wider than the top? How much energy goes up the pyramid. Choose an ecosystem (habitat/community) of your preference and, apply the trophic pyrmaid to your model. Which species are the primary producers, primary consumers, etc?
Explanation:
The trophic pyramid resembles energy consumption and loss at every level. Typically, 90% of energy is lost--in the form of heat during respiration, and 10% of energy is moved up to the next level. The trophic pyramid is displayed (from bottom to top): primary producers (normally, these are plants that receive energy from sunlight or other abiotic (nonliving) factors), primary consumers (organisms that eat the primary producers for energy), secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and sometimes apex predators (organisms at the top of the pyramid that eats everything).
Last but not least, all organisms on the pyramid eventually do decompose, so decomposition is the last step.
a coral reef is found where land and water meet and is covered by water at high-tide then dry at low-tied. true or false
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
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how is precipitation related to the following words: surface runoff aquifers groundwater glaciers qiozlet
Precipitation is an important factor when it comes to the environment and its effects on surface runoff, aquifers, groundwater, glaciers and other sources of water supply. High precipitation causes more runoff, which in turn can result in flooding if not properly managed.
High levels of precipitation can also lead to an increase in groundwater levels, as well as a rise in the level of glaciers, while low levels of precipitation can lead to a decrease in the same. Additionally, precipitation can also have an effect on the quality of water stored in aquifers and other sources, as high levels can lead to an increase in pollution levels. Rainfall and snowmelt are the primary sources of precipitation, which then make up lakes, streams, and other bodies of water. Groundwater is generally collected when precipitation seeps into the ground and is then stored in an underground aquifer. This groundwater can eventually be accessed by wells, providing a valuable water source for many communities.
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which of these regions of north America has biome known as a tundra
The tundra biome encompasses most of Alaska and roughly half of Canada.
Which of these regions has biome known as a tundra ?Other places throughout the world also have tundra on the summits of very tall mountains. The winters are frequently bitterly cold, although the summers can be mild.
The Arctic and the summits of mountains are home to tundra ecosystems, which are characterised by their lack of trees and harsh climates with little rainfall. Snow covers tundra lands for the majority of the year, but summer provides bursts of wildflowers.
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The tundra biome encompasses most of Alaska and roughly half of Canada.
What do you mean by Tundra?The open land regions of the arctic climate zone are collectively referred to as tundra. The term is derived from geography and often refers to a specific kind of global landscape. Depending on the discipline, different definitions are available.
The several subtypes of tundra are distinguished by an open, treeless landscape that is covered in soils and dominated by lichens, mosses, grasses, and deciduous dwarf shrubs.
The word "tundra" is a loan from the Russian equivalent and comes from either Kildin-Sami tndar or the Finnish term tunturi, which means "treeless plateau."
Geobotanists regard the tundra as a naturally occurring form of plant that primarily grows in environments with tundra climates.
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cross-sections 3 is from four different locations in new york state. reconstruct the complete sequence of events. assume that the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the youngest are on the top. draw in the strata in the column on the report sheet. each rock type is used only once.
Correlation is the technique of demonstrating that rocks or geologic occurrences in various areas are the same age. By searching for commonalities in composition and rock layer sequences at several locations, geologists have created a system for correlating rocks.
Geologists refer to the process of piecing together rock sequences from several localities as "correlation" because there are no sedimentary rocks that can be found that reflect the entirety of geologic time in any one location. The Law of Superposition asserts that the youngest layer is on top and the oldest layer is at the bottom of any undisturbed series of rocks that have been deposited in layers, with each layer being younger than the layer below it and older than the layer above it.
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select all the correct sentences about the asthenosphere group of answer choices it is located in the upper mantle, below the lithosphere it is the layer right above the lithosphere it shows a brittle behavior it can be made of continental and oceanic crust it behaves as a very viscous fluid
Asthenosphere is located in the upper mantle, below the lithosphere. It shows a brittle behavior. It can be made of continental and oceanic crust. It behaves as a very viscous fluid.
The Earth's upper mantle contains the ductile and mechanically feeble asthenosphere. It stretches as far as 700 kilometres beneath the lithosphere, between 80 and 200 km (50 and 120 mi) below the surface (430 mi). The asthenosphere's lower border, however, is not clearly defined.
Although the asthenosphere is nearly solid, its mechanical weakness is caused by a little amount of melting (less than 0.1% of the rock). The most significant source of magma on Earth is when the asthenosphere wells upwards because there is more extensive decompression melting there. It is the source of several magmas that erupted above subduction zones or in areas of continental rifting, including mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB).
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Answer all parts of the following question. (A) Explain ONE way in which migrations in the period 1750–1900 impacted social structures. (B) Explain ONE way in which migrants incorporated their cultures into new environments in the period 1750-1900.(C) Explain ONE reason why statės regulated the increased flow of immigrants in the period 1750–1900.
Economic opportunities are some of the primary driving forces behind migration during this time.
(A) Immigration played a role in making America what it is today by bringing in more people, boosting the economy, and generating jobs.
When during this time, long-distance migration significantly increased. Although some of the causes were straightforward: as the world's population increased and transportation technologies improved.
(B) When Italians immigrated to Argentina in quest of a better life, this was one example of how migrants adapted their customs into new contexts. Italian immigrants brought their food, drinks, music, art, style, and many other aspects of their culture to Argentina.
(C) This was done to save money for other matters like war because slowing the spread of more people costs more money.
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________________is the open sharing of ideas in an atmosphere of respect in order to achieve understanding.
Dialogic communication is the free exchange of ideas in a respectful atmosphere with the goal of achieving understanding.
An technique of communication known as dialogic communication aims to encourage conversation between a speaker and their audience.
In dialogic communication, speakers are encouraged to express their ideas to an audience in an assertive (calm, courteous, and open) manner.
An example of a dialogue:
1) Civility - Engage in social interaction to establish and sustain strong, mutually beneficial relationships. includes being kind, respectful of others and oneself, and being forceful rather being hostile.
2) Presentness - Giving a speaker your whole attention and concentration in order to have a meaningful conversation with them.
3) Mutual equality - All thoughts are valued equally.
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WILL GIVE 15 POINTS(don't have a lot) BUT PLEASE HELP
4. Why does the stream take so long to start flowing heavily after it has been raining?
to which category does galaxy #6 belong? why does it belong in this category?
explain the formation of the oldest sedimentary rocks in Ethiopia and the hore
Answer:
Answer: Rocks formed by the East African Orogeny 880 to 550 million years ago make up the oldest geological units in Ethiopia. The orogeny caused the closure of the ancient Mozambique Ocean. ... Erosion of the orogen and mountain was such that by the early Paleozoic a planation surface extended across Ethiopia
The oldest sedimentary rocks in Ethiopia are part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, a large area of ancient rocks that stretches from the Red Sea coast of Egypt and Sudan into the Horn of Africa. These rocks formed during the Precambrian period, which lasted from about 4.6 billion years ago to 541 million years ago.
During the Precambrian, the area that is now Ethiopia was part of a large continent called Gondwana. The continent was located near the South Pole and was covered in ice for much of the time. As the ice melted, rivers and streams carried sediment from the surrounding mountains and deposited it in low-lying areas, forming layers of sandstone, shale, and conglomerate.
In addition to the oldest sedimentary rocks, Ethiopia is also famous for the discovery of the oldest known hominid, the "Ardipithecus ramidus" (or "Ardi"), which was found in the Middle Awash area of the Afar region of Ethiopia. The fossils, which date back to about 4.4 million years ago, provided new insights into the evolution of the human lineage and helped to fill a critical gap in the fossil record between apes and early hominids.
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