The bond order for both H2+ and H2− is the same but H2+ is more stable than H2− due to the absence of electrons in the anti-bonding orbital.
Electrons that spend most of their time between the nuclei of two atoms are placed into the bonding orbitals, and electrons that spend most of their time outside the nuclei of two atoms are placed into antibonding orbitals.
In chemical bonding theory, an antibonding orbital is a type of molecular orbital that weakens the chemical bond between two atoms and helps to raise the energy of the molecule relative to the separated atoms. Such an orbital has one or more nodes in the bonding region between the nuclei.
Furthermore, the bonding electron is the electrons that stick together and fall in the lowest state. While anti-bonding electron is unbounded or free electrons that move to the higher orbital state.
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assume the magnetic susceptibility data were measured for the iron (ii) compounds given below and that the data reveals only one of them is low-spin. which of the compounds will be low-spin? hint: consult your spectrochemical series. (nh4)2[fe(h2o)6](so4)2 na4[fe(co3)3] k4[fe(cn)6] k4[fecl6] k3[fe(oxalate)3]
The low-spin compound in this set of compounds is K₄[Fe(CN)₆].
The spectrochemical series is a list of ligands ranked in order of their ability to stabilize low-spin complexes. According to the series, CN⁻ is the strongest low-spin ligand, followed by Cl⁻, CO₃⁻, and oxalate. Therefore, the compound that is most likely to be low-spin is K₄[Fe(CN)₆]. The other compounds on the list are more likely to be high-spin because the ligands they contain are weaker than CN⁻ at stabilizing low-spin complexes.
Since it is near the high-spin end of the spectrochemical series (i.e. it has a high coordination number and a high oxidation state). The other compounds in the set all have lower coordination numbers and/or lower oxidation states, so they are more likely to be high-spin.
In general, the more electrons an atom has in its outer shell, the more likely it is to be low-spin. Therefore, compounds with higher oxidation states and higher coordination numbers are more likely to be low-spin.
Hence, K₄[Fe(CN)₆] has a low spin with a strong field ligand in the spectrochemical series.
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add charges, single electron dots, and/or pairs of dots as appropriate to show the lewis symbols for the most stable ion of each element. treat n
As - 8 dots and 3- charge, Se - 8 dots and 2- charge, Br - 8 dots and 1-, K - zero dots and +1 charge, Ca - zero dots and +2 charge, Ga - zero dots and +3 charge.
In the periodic table of the elements, what is its Lewis symbol?The valence electrons of each element are represented by dots that surround their chemical symbol in a Lewis dot symbol. The Lewis dot symbol's dots correspond to the valence electrons, which correspond to the final digit of the element's group number as in periodic table.
What's an example of a Lewis symbol?Two chlorine atoms, for instance, share one pair of electrons when they combine to form a chlorine molecule. According to the Lewis structure, each Cl atom contains one shared pair of electrons and pairs of electrons that aren't employed in bonds (known as lone pairs) (written between the atoms).
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Name each of the following acids and bases.
(Give your answer as a string. For example, enter hydrobromic acid for HBr.)
a) HF
b) Ba(OH)2
c) H2CO3
d) HNO3
e) H2SO3
f) H2SO3
f) HBrO2
The acids are generally named depending on the type of acids that are involved. It could be binary, ternary, oxoacids carboxylic acids, and hydroxyl acids.
a) HF is Hydrofluoric acid which is an example of Binary acid: Acids containing two elements, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and nitric acid (HNO₃).
b) Ba(OH)₂ is Barium hydroxide is a basic compound which is alkaline in nature.
c) H₂CO₃ is Carbonic acid which is an example of Ternary acid: Acids containing three elements, such as phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and carbonic acid (H₂CO₃).
d) HNO₃ is Nitric acid which is an example of binary acid.
e) H₂SO₄ is Sulfurous acid which is an example of binary acids
f) HBrO₂ is Bromous acid which is an example of an Oxoacid: Acids containing oxygen, such as nitrous acid (HNO₂) and perchloric acid (HClO₄).
g) CH₃COOH is an Ethanoic acid which is an example of Carboxylic acid: Acids containing the carboxyl functional groups, such as acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and formic acid (HCOOH).
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Which of the following allows metals to be malleable?
A substance's malleability depends on how elastic it is. A metal becomes more malleable as it becomes more elastic.
What gives a metal its malleability?Metals are able to be bent and moulded because they are malleable. They are layers of atoms, which is why. When the metal is pressed, bent, or hammered, these layers can glide over one another. While rolling over one another, the atoms can nevertheless maintain the crystal's structure.
What enables the malleability and ductility of metals?Metals are referred to as ductile (can be formed into sheets) and malleable (can be pulled out into wires). The capacity of the atoms to roll over one another into new places without rupturing the metallic bond is the reason for this.
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Which one of the following would form a precipitate when mixed with LiOH?
A) KNO3
B) NH4Cl
C) Ca(C2H3O2)2
D) ZnBr2
ZnBr2 is the only compound that will precipitate when combined with LiOH.
What is a precipitation reaction ?When dissolved substances react, one (or more) solid products are produced, which is known as a precipitation reaction. These kinds of reactions, which are also occasionally known as double displacement, double replacement, or metathesis reactions, frequently involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solutions.The chemical reaction between potassium chloride and silver nitrate, in which solid silver chloride is precipitated out, is one of the greatest examples of precipitation reactions. This is the precipitation reaction's byproduct, the insoluble salt.The balanced molecular chemical equation for the precipitation reaction between aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and silver nitrate is: NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) NaNO3(aq) + AgCl (s)In this case,
a reaction between LiOH and ZnBr2 would be as follows;
2LiOH + ZnBr2 ----------> 2LiBr + Zn(OH)2 (s)
Zn(OH)2 is an insoluble salt and will precipitate out in the solution.
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consider the substitution reaction of (r)-3-chloro-3-methylhexane with methanol and heat. r 3 chloro 3 methyl hexane is treated with methanol to give four possible products. all have substituents on carbon 3. the structure of the starting material is a 6 carbon chain with a methyl group pointing towards the viewer and a chloro group pointing away from the viewer. compound a has a methoxy group pointing towards the viewer and a methyl group pointing away from the viewer. compound b has a methyl group pointing towards the viewer and a hydroxy group pointing away from the viewer. compound c has a hydroxy group pointing towards the viewer and a methyl group pointing away from the viewer. compound d has a methyl group pointing towards the viewer and a methoxy group pointing away from the viewer. identify the substitution product(s). a b c d no reaction
The possible products of the Substitution reaction of (r)-3-chloro-3-methylhexane with methanol and heat are A and D.
The substitution reaction of (r)-3-chloro-3-methylhexane with methanol and heat is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this reaction, the chlorine atom in (r)-3-chloro-3-methylhexane acts as the leaving group, while the methanol serves as the nucleophile. The reaction proceeds through a series of steps:
1. The chlorine atom in (r)-3-chloro-3-methylhexane is protonated by the hydrogen atom in methanol. This creates a positively charged carbon-chlorine bond.
2. The nucleophilic attack of the methanol molecule onto the positively charged carbon-chlorine bond results in the formation of a covalent bond between the two molecules.
3. The newly formed covalent bond is then broken by the removal of the chlorine atom from the molecule, leaving behind a positively charged methoxy group.
4. The positively charged methoxy group is then protonated by the hydrogen atom in methanol, resulting in the formation of a new covalent bond between the two molecules.
5. Heat is then applied to the reaction mixture, which increases the reaction rate and facilitates the formation of the desired product, (r)-3-methyl hexane-2-methanol.
This substitution reaction is an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction, which is a type of chemical reaction in which a nucleophile (a molecule with an electron-rich center) replaces a leaving group (a molecule with an electron-poor center) from a substrate molecule.
Hence A and D are the products of the reaction. The image attached below explains Clearly the reaction.
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What are some differences between each of the following pairs?
a. secondary and tertiary protein structures b. essential and nonessential amino acids c. polar and nonpolar amino acids d. dipeptides and tripeptides e. an a helix and collagen f. a helix and B-pleated sheet g. tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins
The differences between each of the pair is a. secondary and tertiary protein structures of protein.
a. No sharp dividing line exists between
secondary and tertiary structures. Secondary structure refers to the spatial arrangement of amino acids close to one another on a polypeptide chain, whereas tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of all atoms of a polypeptide chain. Among the most important factors in maintaining 3° structure are disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and salt linkages ; Secondary structure is mainly defines by H-bonding between amino acids in localized regions of a polypeptide or protein
b. Essential amino acids cannot be made by metabolic process of human body, Essential amino acids can be synthesized by human body.
c. The amino acids are divided into 2 categories: those with nonpolar side chains are Non-polar amino acids ( exp. Alanine, Leucine ) , and with polar side chains like acidic side chains ( Aspartic acid) , basic side chains (lysine) and -OH/-SH groups (serine) in side chains are Polar amino acids.
d. A molecule containing two amino acids joined by an amide bond (-CONH-) is called a dipeptide. Those containing 3 amino acids
are called tripeptides. ( di-, tri- indicates No. of Amino acids )
e. Collagen consists of a triple helix made of the repetitious amino acid sequences , it is tertiary structures, whereas a-Helix is Secondary structure.
f. a-Helix, is a type of secondary structure in which a section of polypeptide chain coils into a spiral, most commonly a righthanded spiral. b-Pleated sheet is also
a type of secondary structure in which sections of polypeptide chains are aligned
parallel or antiparallel to one another.
g. Quaternary structure, is The arrangement of polypeptide monomers into
a noncovalently bonded aggregate. Many proteins or polypetides in tertiary structure constitues Quaternary structure.
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FILL IN THE BLANK a _____consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. a ________consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. base pair nucleoside nucleotide complementary base purine
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a base with nitrogen make up a nucleoside. A nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base that contains nitrogen.
Who or what uses nitrogen?When preparing samples for chemical analysis, nitrogen is frequently utilized. Liquid sample concentration and volume reduction are accomplished using it. The chemical sector depends on nitrogen as well. It is used to make explosives, nylon, nitric acid, and fertilizers.
Is nitrogen dangerous to people?Each year, inhaling "air" with insufficient oxygen results in fatalities. Since nitrogen gas makes up 78 percent of the air we breathe, many people believe it to be safe. Nitrogen is only safe to breathe, though, when combined with the right amount of oxygen.
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Which solutions(s) showed little or no change in pH? Why?
The buffers with high and low pH had the least change; they are buffers that resist changes in pH.
The buffer solution's pH does not change, so why not?The concentration of salt to acid (or base) remains constant after dilution for this reason. A mild acid or base that prevents abrupt pH fluctuations is a buffer.pH scales range from 7.0 and above for basic solutions to 7.0 and lower for acidic ones. Buffers are solutions that include a weak acid and its conjugate base; as a result, they can absorb too many H+ions or OH-ions, keeping the pH in the environment constant.An alkali, such as sodium hydrogen carbonate, may be used to treat a patient whose blood pH is acidotic and is 7.3. The buffers with high and low pH had the least change; they are buffers that resist changes in pH.To learn more about Buffers refer to:
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Using the following equation and your results from the previous
question, calculate the enthalpy of combustion of 1 mole of
ethanol (show your workings and the correct units).
Q = m c T
Where:
Q = energy released (J)
m = mass of water (g)
C = specific heat capacity of water (4.18 J K-1 g
-1
)T = change in temperature (oC)
Results from previous : c) mass of ethanol burned = 70.3 g - 62.5 g
mass of ethanol burned = 7.8 g
molar mass of ethanol = 46.07 g/mol
moles of ethanol = 7.8 g * 1 mol/(46.07 g)
moles of ethanol = 0.169 moles
The moles of ethanol burned were 0.169 moles.
The enthalpy of combustion of a substance is the heat released when a given amount of the substance burns. To calculate the enthalpy of combustion of 1 mole of ethanol, we can use the following equation:
ΔHcomb = [-ΔHf(products) + ΔHf(reactants)]
Where ΔHf is the standard molar heat of formation, and the values have to be looked up in a thermochemistry table.
ΔHcomb = [-ΔHf(CO2(g)) - ΔHf(H2O(l)) + ΔHf(C2H5OH(l))]
ΔHcomb = [-(-393.5) - (-285.83) + (-235.53)] = -865.36 kJ/mol
So the enthalpy of combustion of 1 mole of ethanol is -865.36 kJ/mol.
Note that the enthalpy of combustion is an exothermic process, as the enthalpy is negative, which means that heat is released during the combustion of ethanol.
What is enthalpy of combustion?Enthalpy of combustion is a measure of the heat released during a chemical reaction in which a substance, typically a fuel, is burned in the presence of oxygen. It is defined as the change in enthalpy that occurs when a substance is completely burned in a steady-state process, typically at constant pressure. It is represented by the symbol ΔHc and is measured in units of energy per mole of substance, such as joules per mole (J/mol) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).
The enthalpy of combustion is a measure of the energy content of a fuel and is an important property in thermochemistry. It is used to determine the energy efficiency of fuels and combustion processes and to compare the energy content of different fuels. In general, fuels with higher enthalpies of combustion release more energy when burned and are more efficient.
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prepare a conversion factor for a 48% w/w solution of hbr in water. (w/w stands for weight / weight.) double check your answer with your instructor when you get to lab.
If an aqueous solution with concentrated hydrobromic acidity contains 48% by mass of HBr, then the molarity of HBr is 8.9 M.
How do mol and molarity work?The term "Molarity" is derived from the unit of measurement called a mole, which is used to describe chemical substances. Determining the amount of substance present in a certain chemical solution is done using a concept known as molarity, commonly known as the molecular concentration of a solution.
What does 1 molarity mean?The most frequent measure of molarity in chemistry is the amount of moles per liter, denoted by the unit notation mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units. A solution with a level of one mol/L is referred to as 1 molar, or 1 M.
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The correct question is :
An aqueous solution of concentrated hydrobromic acid contains 48% HBr by mass. If the density of the solution is 1.50 g/mL, what is its concentration?
Using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, calculate the volume of 0.20 M Acetic Acid and 0.2 M Sodium Acetate needed to prepare 50 mL of 0.1 M Acetate Buffer solution (pH = 4.5). pKa of Acetic Acid is 4.74?
Volume of 0.20 M sodium acetate is calculated to be 0.82g. Sodium acetate can be used as additives in food, industry and in buffer solutions.
What is Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?To determine pH of a buffer is by using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation is pH = pKₐ + log([A⁻]/[HA]).
As we know that, pH = pKa + log [salt]/[acid]
Given pH (4.75) and pKa (4.75).
Given [acid] = 0.20 M
When the pH = pKa, ratio of [salt]/[acid] =1 because log 1 = 0
Hence,[sodium acetate] = 0.20 M.
4.75 = 4.75 + log [sodium acetate]/[0.20]
0 = log x/0.2
Hence, x = 0.2 M
To calculate the "amount" in grams, convert 0.20 M to grams using the volume of 50 ml (0.05 L)
0.20 mole/L x 0.05 L = 0.01 moles moles sodium acetate
0.01 moles sodium acetate x 82 g/mole
Volume of 0.20 M sodium acetate= 0.82g
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A student added 3 g of melted wax to a container that weighed 15 g. What is the weight of the container after the wax hardens?
The weight of the container after the wax hardens is 0.18 N.
What is the law of conservation of mass?We know that according to the law of the conservation of mass, the mass of an object can neither be created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to the other.
Looking at this law, we know that the mass would not change even after the time that the wax must have hardened. The total mass of the wax would have to be a constant.
Total mass would now be;
Mass of the wax + mass of the container
= 3 g + 15 g
= 18 g
Weight = 18/1000 * 9.8 m/s^2
= 0.18 N
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The formal charge of an atom in a Lewis structure is the charge the atom would have if all bonding electrons were shared _____ between the atoms. The formal charge doesn't necessarily reflect an actual charge on the atom.
The formal charge is a hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule assuming that all the bonded electrons are equally shared among the atoms forming the two bonds.
The formal charge is the discrepancy between the atom's number of valence electrons and the number it possesses.
Even though we frequently presume they are the same, formal charge and oxidation state are two separate concepts. While the oxidation state regulates the number of electrons exchanged between atoms during the synthesis of a molecule, the formal charge specifies the number of electrons that occur around an atom of a molecule.
When adjacent formal charges are negative or of the opposite sign, Lewis structures are preferred. The Lewis structure with the negative formal charges on the most electronegative atoms is the one to choose from when faced with a choice between numerous Lewis structures with similar formal charge distributions.
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what conclusions can you make about the elements sodium, potassium, and francium?; what atoms combine to make up a molecule of water, h2o?; a majority of the 118 elements on the periodic table are classified as; what is the main principle behind the law of conservation of matter?; elements in the second group are extremely reactive they are called; elements in the first group are extremely reactive. they are called; the energy necessary to remove an outer shell electron from an atom.; what is group 2 on the periodic table called
Group 1A (or IA) of the periodic table are the alkali metals: hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). Group 2 on the periodic table called The Alkaline Earth Metals.
What is alkali metal?
Alkali metals are made up of the chemical elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium. Together with hydrogen, it forms group 1 of the s block of the periodic table.
Therefore, Group 1A (or IA) of the periodic table are the alkali metals: hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). Group 2 on the periodic table called The Alkaline Earth Metals.
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TRUE/FALSE. when methylenecyclopentane is treated with in dichloromethane, the major product is 1-(bromomethyl)cyclopentene .
TRUE, 1-(bromomethyl)cyclopentene is the main byproduct of the treatment of methylenecyclopentane with dichloromethane.
How dangerous is dichloromethane?Even though dichloromethane is really the least hazardous C1 chlorohydrocarbon, it nevertheless poses risks. Its inhalation can result in symptoms like fatigue, inflammation of the respiratory tract, and even death. It also might be carcinogenic, but insufficient research has been done to determine the level of exposure likely causes cancer.
What is the chemical symbol for dichloromethane?Dichloromethane, another name for methylene chloride, is an odorless, flammable liquid with a volatile nature similar to chloroform. Paint stripping, the production of pharmaceuticals, the production of paint removers, and the cleaning and degreasing of metal are just a few of the businesses that employ methylene chloride in diverse industrial processes.
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in a chemical equation, which symbol should be used to indicate that a substance is in solution?; which symbol can be used to indicate the pressure at which a chemical reaction is carried out?; which equation has both a liquid and a gas as products?; the compound co2 is made of; which formula equation shows a reversible reaction?; which formula equation represents the burning of sulfur to produce sulfur dioxide?; which statement best describes the formula equation cl2(g) + 2kbr(aq) right arrow. 2kcl(aq)+ br2(l)?; which word equation shows hydrogen reacting with oxygen to form water?
The aqueous solution is represented by the symbol (aq). Aqueous solution (aq) denotes a substance that has been dissolved in water.
Water acts as the solvent in an aqueous solution. In balanced chemical equation, it is frequently expressed by appending to the corresponding chemical formula. For instance, Na+ + Cl might be used to depict a solution of table salt, or sodium chloride, in water.Aqueous solutions are composed of both water and one or more dissolved substances, Solid, gases, or other liquids can all dissolve in an aqueous solution
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Draw the major organic product for the reaction. The starting material is a 5 carbon chain with a double bond between carbons 1 and 2. Carbon 3 has a methyl substituent
An alkene double bond contains two distinct substituent groups on each of the carbon atoms. The carbon-carbon double bond in 1-bromocyclopentene, 4-methyl-2-pentene, and 2-chloro-3,4-dimethyl-3-hexene is numbered in that order.
What effects do organic products have?Organic reactions are chemical processes involving organic compounds. Redox reactions, photochemical reactions, pericyclic reactions, elimination procedures, and substitution reactions are some of the basic types of organic chemistry reactions.
What are the byproducts of the reaction?The substance or substances to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation are the reactants. Reactants are substances that are present at the beginning of a chemical reaction. The substance or substances to the right of the arrow are products. A product is the substance that is still present after a chemical process has finished.
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TRUE/FALSE. a major release of methane hydrate, which is found just beneath the ocean floor, may have been the trigger for the final temperature increase near the end of the late paleocene torrid age.
Major release of methane hydrate, which is found beneath the ocean floor, may have been the trigger for final temperature increase near the end of the late Paleocene torrid age : True.
How does methane affect temperature?Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and is 80 times more potent at warming than carbon dioxide. Methane is responsible for around 30% of the current rise in the temperature.
Warming of arctic sediments or ocean waters has the potential to cause methane hydrate to dissociate and thus releasing methane in deep water sediments, ocean or atmosphere. One group of archaea's known as methanogens produce methane, a simple organic molecule (CH4).
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the compound carboxymethl-coa is a competitive inhibitor of citrate synthase and is a posposed transition state analog. propose a structure for the reaction intermediate derived from acetyl-coa in the rate-limiting step fo the reaction, just prior to its reaction with oxaloacetate
The process by which acetyl CoA binds to citrate synthase's binding pocket and the intermediate product of the reaction between acetyl CoA and citrate synthase.
What happens before the acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate reaction is shown below. Analogs of transition states and reaction intermediaries. In a reaction that is mediated by an enzyme, transition state analogues are temporary forms of the substrate. These substrate analogues for the transition state will be such that the enzyme catalyzing the process can readily stabilize them. Complexes called reaction intermediates exist between the time the enzyme binds to the substrate and the time the product is liberated from the enzyme. Reaction intermediates are complexes made up of an enzyme and its substrate (ES) and an enzyme and its product (EP).
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as seen in problem 3.109, silicon carbide nanowires of diameter d 15 nm can be grown onto a solid silicon carbide surface by carefully depositing droplets of catalyst liquid onto a flat silicon carbide substrate. silicon carbide nanowires grow upward from the deposited drops, and if the drops are deposited in a pattern, an array of nanowire fins can be grown, forming a silicon carbide nano-heat sink. consider finned and unfinned electronics packages in which an extremely small, 10 m 10 m electronics device is sandwiched between two d 100-nm-thick silicon carbide sheets. in both cases, the coolant is a dielectric liquid at 20 c. a heat transfer coefficient of h 1 105 w/m2 k exists on the top and bottom of the unfinned package and on all surfaces of the exposed silicon carbide fins, which are each l 300 nm long. each nano-heat sink includes a 200 200 array of nanofins. determine the maximum allowable heat rate that can be generated by the electronic device so that its temperature is maintained at Tt <85oC for the unfinned and finned packages.
1.30×10 W is the maximum allowable heat rate that can be generated by the electronic device to maintain the temperature below 85°C for an unfinned package.
Write the equation conduction resistance
Rcond = d/kA.........(1)
Consider the following and substitute the values:
From the table of 'thermo physical properties of selected nonmetallic solids' at a temperature of 300K.
The thermal conductivity of Silicon carbide, k is given by 490 W/m - K
Dimension of the electronic device,
W=10x10⁻⁶m
Find the cross-sectional area
A=W²
= (10x10⁻⁶)² m²
Rcond = 100×10⁻⁹/490×(10×10⁻⁶)^2
= 2.04 K/W
The equation Convection resistance is given as follows:
Rconv = 1/hA
Consider the following and substitute the values:
Heat transfer coefficient of coolant
h= 1×10 W/m² K and
A= (10×10⁻⁶)² m²
Rcond = 1/10⁵x(10x10⁻⁶)^2
= 1×10⁵ K/W
Find the heat rate by using the following equation
q= T1- Tinfinity/ Rcond + Rconv...........(3)
= 2(85-20)/ (2.04+10⁵)
q = 1.30×10 W
Thus, the maximum allowable heat rate that can be generated by the electronic device to maintain the temperature below 85°C for the unfinned package is 1.30×10 W.
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which of the following is a correct set for a valence electron in potassium atom at the ground state?atomic no of K=19. Q.
The potassium valence electron's atomic number, K=19, corresponds to the correct quartet of four quantum numbers.
How are electrons made up?An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle, whether it is linked to or detached from an atom (not bound). Along with neutrons and protons the electron is a constituent particle of an atom and is one of the three primary types of particles found there.
Why are electrons used?GitHub created the open source package called Electron to help developers create cross-platform desktop applications using JavaScript, HTML, and CSS. By fusing Chromium and Node, Electron achieves this. It is possible to package apps for Mac, Win, and Linux using JavaScript into a single runtime.
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what can the arrow in a chemical reaction be translated to mean? check all that apply. yields accompanied by react to form added to except
The arrow in a chemical reaction means
yieldreact to formWhat is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction is a procedure that causes one group of chemical components to change chemically into another. Chemical reactions, which can frequently be described by a chemical equation, traditionally include changes that only affect the locations of electrons in the formation and dissolution of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei.
At a specific temperature and chemical concentration, chemical reactions occur at a predictable reaction rate. Because there is more thermal energy available to attain the activation energy required to break bonds between atoms, reaction rates often increase as temperature rises.
The arrow in the reaction is telling us that what we have in the left hand side of the equation has resulted in the equation that we have on the right.
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Answer:
A and C
Explanation:
Got it right on the pretest
below are the structures of five amino acids. select the amino acid that would contribute most significantly to stability of the tertiary structure of a protein.
The amino acid that would contribute most significantly to the stability of the tertiary structure of a protein is : cysteine.
What is cysteine?Cysteine is a semi essential proteinogenic amino acid that has the formula HOOC−CH−CH₂−SH. The thiol side chain in cysteine participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile.
The formation of disulfide bridges by oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups on cysteine is a very important aspect of the stabilization of protein tertiary structure. This allows different parts of the protein chain to be held together covalently.
Very high doses of cysteine may be toxic to human cells and may lead to death.
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complete the mechanism for the electrophilic addition when the alkene is treated with water in acid. a) Use curved arrows to show the attack on the electrophilic hydrogen by the alkene. b) Complete the structure of the carbocation intermediate by adding the missing positive charge.
Alkenes experience electrophilic addition reactions. Cross-bond addition of electrophiles occurs. Because the double bond has a higher electron density and acts as a neucleophile in the given reaction, the H+ is across
What is extremely reactive and what's an example?Since they have a low level of electrons, electrophiles can accept a pair of electrons from species that have a high level of electrons. Carbocations and compounds with carbonyls are two examples. An electron-rich species known as a nucleophile gives electron pairs to other species that lack electrons. Examples include cyanide ions, carbanions, water, ammonia, and more.
Why is a given atom electrophilic?An electrophile is a reagent that accepts two electrons to create a new covalent bond. Let's now discuss electrophilicity, often known as "electron-loving" or "loving negative charge." In order to create a new covalent bond, an electrophile species must receive two electrons.
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Which sample of copper has atoms with the lowest average kinetic energy? 1. 10. g at 45°C 2. 20. g at 35°C 3. 30. g at 25°C 4. 40. g at 15°C
At 15°C, 40 grams of copper have the lowest average kinetic energy.
What is average kinetic energy?The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas, and all gases have the same average kinetic energy at the same temperature.Kinetic energy is the energy generated by the motion of particles or objects.The greater the temperature provided to an atom, the greater the movement of its particles. As a result, the atom's average kinetic energy will increase.Similarly, as a metal's temperature decreases, so does the movement of its molecules. As a result, at low temperatures, the movement of molecules is reduced.Thus, of the options presented, 40 gram of copper at 15°C will have the lowest average kinetic energy.To learn more about kinetic energy refer to :
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What convert nitrogen to a form that can be used by plants?; How can nitrogen in the soil be converted?
Nitrogen gas (N2) diffuses into the soil from the atmosphere, and species of bacteria convert this nitrogen to ammonium ions (NH4+), which can be used by plants.
What is soil?
Soil, also commonly referred to as soil or soil, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Some scientific definitions distinguish soil from soil, especially by restricting the former term to displaced soil.
Therefore, Nitrogen gas (N2) diffuses into the soil from the atmosphere, and species of bacteria convert this nitrogen to ammonium ions (NH4+), which can be used by plants. Soil, also commonly referred to as soil or soil, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.
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among the following h atom transitions, which would emit a photon of light with the longest wavelength?
C
An hydrogen atom absorbs energy then the electron moves from lower to higher shell number.
Also if the wavelength is longest then energy difference is minium as wavelength and energy are inversely proportional.
Energy difference is directly proportional to (1/n1^2 - 1/n2^2).
Hence we want this quantity as minium for minimum energy and longest wavelength.
a)(1/1 - 1/4) =0.75
b)(1/16 - 1/36) =0.035
v)(1/36-1/49)=0.00737
D)Not the answer as n=5 to n=4 means energy is released.
e)(1/4-1/9) =0.139
Hence the minimum value is c transition.
Hence the answer is option c.
So an hydrogen atom absorbs energy then the electron moves from lower to higher shell number.
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select the best benefit of the text structure of the lewis and clark journal entries. the compare and contrast structure of the text allows the reader to evaluate the experience both men had on their expedition. the cause and effect structure of the text allows the reader to see how the men's decisions greatly impacted their traveling companions. the chronological structure of the text allows the reader to follow their expedition to see how their journey unfolded. the description structure of the text allows the reader to gain a real appreciation for each place the explorers visited, so it may inspire them to visit those places as well.
The best benefit of the text structure of the Lewis and Clark journal entries is C. The chronological structure of the text allows the reader to follow their expedition to see how their journey unfolded.
What is chronological structure?The art or process of placing events or occurrences in chronological order is known as chronology. Typically, it goes from first to last, or from the earliest event to the most recent events.
In the case of a degree certificate holder, for instance, the chronological order of their education is from primary school, which is the oldest certificate, to secondary school, and finally tertiary institution.
Most expository writing, which is a type of writing that narrates, describes, informs, or explains a process, uses chronological order. Place the events in chronological order so that they appear as they did in reality or as they will if you are giving instructions.
In this case, it should be noted that the journal was arranged accordingly as it happened. Therefore, the correct option is C.
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Clark, May 14, 1804]
Monday May 14th 1804 Rained the forepart of the day I determined to go as far as St. Charles a french Village 7 Leags. up the Missourie, and wait at that place untill Capt. Lewis Could finish the business in which he was obliged to attend to at St Louis and join me by Land from that place 24 miles; by this movement I calculated that if any alterations in the loading of the Vestles or other Changes necessary, that they might be made at St. Charles I Set out at 4 oClock P.M.
[Lewis, May 15, 1804]
Tuesday May 15th It rained during the greater part of last night and continued untill 7 OCk. A.M. after which the Prarty proceeded, passed two Islands and incamped on the Stard. shore at Mr. Fifer's landing opposite an Island, the evening was fair.
select the best benefit of the text structure of the lewis and clark journal entries. the compare and contrast structure of the text allows the reader to evaluate the experience both men had on their expedition. the cause and effect structure of the text allows the reader to see how the men's decisions greatly impacted their traveling companions. the chronological structure of the text allows the reader to follow their expedition to see how their journey unfolded. the description structure of the text allows the reader to gain a real appreciation for each place the explorers visited, so it may inspire them to visit those places as well
Calculate the number of Cl atoms that are in 1.1 x 10^-21 moles of Cl atoms.
According to Avogadro's number there are 62.53 atoms of chlorine in 1.1x 10[tex]^-21[/tex] moles of Cl atoms.
What is Avogadro's number?Avogadro's number is defined as a proportionality factor which relates number of constituent particles with the amount of substance which is present in the sample.
According to the definitions, Avogadro's number depend on determined value of mass of one atom of those elements.It bridges the gap between macroscopic and microscopic world by relating amount of substance with number of particles.
Number of atoms can be calculated using Avogadro's number as follows: mass/molar mass×Avogadro's number or number of moles×Avogadro's number.
ON substitution in above formula number of atoms=1.1×10²¹×6.023×10²³=62.53 atoms
Thus, there are 62.53 chlorine atoms in 1.1x 10[tex]^-21[/tex] moles of Cl atoms.
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