Covalent and phosphodiester bonds help proteins maintain their shape is not true.
How do covalent bonds maintain the structure of proteins?Amino acid polymers make up proteins. In order to create the linear structures known as polypeptides, amino acids must establish a particular sort of covalent link (peptide bond). The functional protein conformation is created by folding the polypeptides into designated structures.
The linear chain of amino acids created by joining together amino acids through peptide bonds is referred to as the primary structure of a protein. The secondary structure, which comprises -helix and -pleated sheet structures, is the result of local interactions between segments of a polypeptide chain. The three-dimensional folding known as the tertiary structure is generally caused by interactions between R groups.
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Plants do photosynthesis but not cell respiration. True or False
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Answer: False!
Explanation: Plants can do both! Plants have mitochondria and can perform cellular respiration. Plants release energy through this phase. The only time plants go through cellular respiration however, is when no sunlight is available.
229771af467a5e... 1/2 | 87% + 1 H 1. List two parts of a prokaryote that are also in plant or animal cells? (2) 2. A type of bacteria that causes pneumonia is Pneumococcus. Which part of the name tells you the shape? What is a common English word that would describe the shape of this bacteria? (2) 3. Why is knowledge about cyanobacteria important? List two reasons. (2) 4. Why is knowledge about bacteria such as salmonella or e-coli important? List two reasons. (2) 5. What is the name of the process that allows bacteria to reproduce? (1)
Answer:
Two parts of a prokaryote that are also found in plant or animal cells are the cell wall and the ribosomes.
The word "Pneumococcus" tells you the shape of this bacteria. The word "coccus" is derived from the Greek word for "sphere" and it refers to the spherical shape of this bacteria. A common English word that would describe the shape of this bacteria would be "round".
Knowledge about cyanobacteria is important because they are the oldest known form of life on Earth, and they produce oxygen through photosynthesis, which is necessary for the survival of many other organisms. Additionally, cyanobacteria are an important source of biofuel.
Knowledge about bacteria such as salmonella or e-coli is important because these bacteria can cause food poisoning if consumed, and can also spread from person to person through physical contact or through contact with contaminated surfaces.
The process that allows bacteria to reproduce is called binary fission
To define a term in a way that can be examined and measured, is a process known as:.
The process of defining a term in a way that can be examined and measured is known as operationalization.
The scientific method's operationalization phase enables researchers to translate abstract ideas or hypotheses into verifiable, quantifiable realities.
For instance, in order to explore the idea of happiness, a researcher must first operationalize the concept in a way that allows for measurement. This can entail coming up with a scale from 1 to 10 for people to rate their degree of happiness, or planning an experiment to check for physiological indicators of happiness like cortisol levels or brain activity.
In order to ensure that the findings of their studies are significant and applicable to different populations, researchers must be able to assess the validity and reliability of their measurements, which is why operationalization is so vital.
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Select the correct answer. Simplify the following expression. (4x + 7)2 a. 16x2 - 49 b. 16x2 + 56x + 49 c. 16x2 + 28x + 49 d. 16x2 + 49.
To simplify the expression (4x + 7)2, we need to apply the formula for squaring a binomial
Step 1: Identify the values of a and b in the formula[tex](a + b)2.[/tex]
In this case, a = 4x and b = 7.
Step 2: Substitute the values of a and b into the formula and simplify.
[tex](a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2[/tex]
where a = 4x and b = 7.
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
[tex](4x + 7)2 = (4x)2 + 2(4x)(7) + 72[/tex]
[tex]= 16x2 + 56x + 49[/tex]
Therefore, the correct answer is (b) [tex]16x2 + 56x + 49.[/tex]
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How do you think sweating works in increasing temperature
A reaction in which a , b , and c react to form products is zero order in a , one-half order in b , and second order in c.
A reaction with zero-order kinetics in reactant "a," one-half order in reactant "b," and second-order kinetics in reactant "c" means that the rate of the reaction depends differently on the concentration of each reactant.
According to zero-order kinetics, the rate of the reaction is independent of the reactant's concentration, therefore doubling its concentration won't increase the rate of the reaction by the same amount.
According to one-half order kinetics, the rate of the reaction is proportional to the square root of the reactant concentration, so doubling the concentration of "b" will cause a factor of the square root of 2 increase in the rate of the reaction.
According to second-order kinetics, the rate of the reaction is proportional to the reactant concentration squared, so doubling the concentration of "c" will cause the reaction rate to increase by a factor of four.
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Question: A reaction in which a , b , and c react to form products is zero order in a , one-half order in b , and second order in c. by what factor does the reaction rate change if [b] is doubled (and the other reactant concentrations are held constant)?
Which of the following would increase the severity of a thunderstorm?
When warm, humid air rises into cold air, thunderstorms are created. As the heated air cools, condensation occurs, which is the formation of tiny water droplets from water vapor.
What is Thunderstrom?The atmosphere's cooled air sinks, warms, and then rises once more. A convection cell is a circuit of rising and descending air. A cloud will develop if this occurs just a little bit. A thunderstorm may develop if this occurs in an environment with lots of air and moisture.
One convection cell, several convection cells, or even one very large and powerful convection cell can make up a thunderstorm.
The three different forms of thunderstorms—single-cell, multi-cell, and supercell—are described here, according to their structural makeup. Thunderstorms formed by a single convection are known as single-cell thunderstorms.
Therefore, When warm, humid air rises into cold air, thunderstorms are created. As the heated air cools, condensation occurs, which is the formation of tiny water droplets from water vapor.
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Under which circumstances would an error during DNA replication be most
likely to cause genetic variation?
A. The error is so minor that the cell can still fully function.
B. The error occurs in a gamete and the resulting offspring survives.
C. The error occurs early in development and causes observable
changes in the organism.
D. The error prevents the parent cell from completing its cell cycle.
The correct option is B. The error occurs in a gamete and the resulting offspring survives.
What effects can DNA replication errors cause on cell division?DNA replication errors can occur during cell division, and these errors have the potential to introduce genetic variation. However, in order for the error to result in genetic variation that can be passed on to future generations, it must occur in a cell that gives rise to gametes (sperm or egg cells). If the error occurs in a somatic cell (any cell in the body that is not a sperm or egg cell), it will not be passed on to offspring.
Furthermore, for the error to cause genetic variation, the offspring must survive and be able to pass on the error to its own offspring. If the error occurs in a critical gene that is necessary for survival, the offspring may not survive.
Therefore, an error during DNA replication would be most likely to cause genetic variation if it occurs in a gamete and the resulting offspring survives.
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When a chemical reaction is at equilibrium, which of the following statements is true?
A. The concentrations of reactants and products are equal.
B. The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction.
C. The ratio of the concentrations of reactants and products equals 1.0.
D. The reaction is proceeding in the forward direction at a rate to K'eg.
E. The reaction is proceeding in the reverse direction at a rate to K'eg.
ANSWER
The answer isA
Explanation:
it is because in a chemical equilibrium forward reaction equals backward reaction.it is a reverse reaction.
According to the image below, which season is about to begin in the southern hemisphere?
Summer
Autumn
Winter
Spring
(I tried summer and it was wrong)
Answer:
Explanation:
The answer is spring. In the Northern hemisphere, it is fall. In the west hemisphere, it's summer. In the east hemisphere, it's winter.
suggest any two contraceptive methods to control the size of human population and explain them
Answer:
Explanation:
1)Government should apply schemes to avoid over population
2)Government should apply laws to control the population
Answer:
(i) Barrier method using condoms
Explanation:
Abstinence. Surgical methods. Oral contraceptives. Natural/Traditional method.
Where is the chromatin during interphase
4. Take into account the fact that Earth's populations are increasing. How could this fact
explain the differences in the cancer death rate vs. the total number of cancer deaths.
As Earth's populations increase, the number of cancer cases and cancer deaths is also likely to increase. This can result in differences between the cancer death rate and the total number of cancer deaths.
The cancer death rate is calculated by dividing the number of cancer deaths by the total population and then multiplying by a factor of 100,000 or 1,000,000. As the population grows, the number of cancer deaths may also increase, but the death rate may remain relatively stable if the growth in the number of deaths is proportional to the growth in population.
On the other hand, the total number of cancer deaths is simply the total count of all cancer-related deaths within a given time period, regardless of the size of the population. As the population increases, so will the total number of cancer deaths, even if the death rate remains stable.
Therefore, the difference between the cancer death rate and the total number of cancer deaths can be explained by the growth in Earth's populations. An increasing population may result in an increase in the total number of cancer deaths, even if the death rate remains stable.
justify the statement "sex of the children will be determined by what they inherit from their father".
How do water particles in a wave move? What is the relationship between wind and ocean waves
Answer:
this answer is below
Explanation:
HowStuffWorks: Waves: The Physics of Waves
The particles move in a circle in a clockwise direction if the wave is moving in front of you from left to right. They climb the wave, cross its summit, and descend to its crest. When the wind blows on the open water, circular waves in the ocean begin to form.
after you remove the water all life is made up of mostly carbon. what makes carbon a good atom for building with?
In order to create covalent chemical bonds, carbon contained 4 electrons available. As a result, carbon atoms can build several stable connections with other tiny atoms, such as hydrogen, oxygen, as well as nitrogen.
Explain about the carbon and its properties?Carbon has a remarkable capacity to connect with a large number of other elements.
Because of its special abilities to make covalent connections with up to four different atoms, the carbon atom is ideally suited to act as the fundamental structural element, or "backbone," of macromolecules. The ability of carbon to establish stable bonds with numerous elements, including itself, is the cause. Due to this characteristic, carbon can take the form of a vast range of very massive and complicated compounds. In actuality, the number of carbon-based molecules in living organisms is close to 10 million. Plants employ carbon to create their stems and leaves which animals then eat and use for cellular growth. Gases like carbon dioxide are among the forms of carbon that are stored in the atmosphere.To know more about the carbon, here
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The Irish Lumper variety of potato was introduced into Ireland in the early 1800s. The Lumper soon became the only variety of potato grown in much of Ireland. The potato blight destroyed most of the Lumper crop between 1845 and 1852 resulting in the death of about 1 million Irish from starvation.
A researcher suggests that the Irish monoculture (growing a single crop) of the Lumper potato did not significantly change the overall resistance of the potato crop in Ireland to diseases. Which of the following observations best refutes this null hypothesis?
A - Before the arrival of the potato blight, there were already two other potato plant diseases in Ireland.
B - The number of fatalities from the Irish potato famine was greater than the rest of the European countries combined.
C - During the early nineteenth century, the vast majority of people in Ireland depended on the Lumper potato for food.
D - Growing more varieties of potatoes increases competition for available resources, which may yield fewer potatoes.
The number of fatalities from the Irish potato famine was greater than the rest of the European countries combined. Thus the correct answer is option (B).
Irish potatoes' genetic homogeneity made the potato famine that wiped out Ireland's population and economy worse. Evolutionary theory warns against relying on crops with little genetic variety. We might be able to stop significant crop loss caused by shifting environmental circumstances if we pay attention to expert advice and historical lessons. The Irish were able to feed their expanding population in the 1800s by cultivating potatoes. They grew only the "lumper" variety of potato. Furthermore, because potatoes can be replicated vegetatively, all of these lumpers were identical clones. For a while, the lumper gave Ireland food, but it also created the circumstances that resulted in significant economic and social catastrophe. According to evolutionary theory, populations with lesser genetic diversity are more vulnerable to changing environmental conditions than populations with higher genetic diversity. When the ecology of the country changed and a potato disease appeared there in the 1840s, the potatoes (and the people who depended on them) were destroyed. It is likely that the Irish potato clones had little genetic variation.
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A scientist has found a protein that is involved in an important chemical
reaction. She sets up two tests: one with the protein and one without the protein.
What should she measure to determine whether the protein is an
enzyme?
O The amount of products bound to the active site
The amount of protein consumed
O The rate of the chemical reaction
O The temperature change of the reaction
Answer:
The rate of the chemical reaction
Explanation:
The rate of the chemical reaction is the key measurement that the scientist should make to determine whether the protein is an enzyme. This is because enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed themselves in the process. By comparing the rate of the chemical reaction in the presence and absence of the protein, the scientist can determine whether the protein is acting as an enzyme and thus playing a role in the reaction.
Genome maps provide the dna sequences of chromosomes. Some scientists have compared the genome maps of a hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome maps allow the scientists to determine?.
Evolutionary relationships: Genome mapping can aid researchers in understanding the evolutionary relationships between various species.
What can researchers learn from genomic maps?Genome mapping is a method for locating genes on a chromosome and calculating their distances from one another. Linkage mapping, another name for genetic mapping, can provide solid proof that a condition passed from parent to kid is connected to one or more genes.
Why are other organisms' genomes being sequenced by scientists?Understanding genomes and their function in the development of organisms is improved through genome sequencing. An organism's DNA is used to identify the order of its base pairs, which are coded by the letters A, C, T, and G, when scientists sequence a genome.
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Lyle knows that the distance from his house to his school is three-fourths of a mile. On the map he has drawn of his neighborhood, they are one-fifth of an inch apart. What scale could lyle include on the map? select three options. One-fifth inch = three-fourths mile three-fourths inch = one-fifth mile four-fifths inch = 3 miles 3 inches = 12 miles 4 inches = 15 miles.
Lyle's scale might allow for the inclusion of the appropriate alternatives (A), (C), and (E). (A) A half-inch equals a mile (C) 3 miles = 4.5 inches (E) 15 miles in 4 inches.
Distance is calculated as the sum of a person's movement and time. Let D be the actual distance in miles between any two points, and let d be the distance shown on the map between any two points, measured in inches. The distance on the map to the actual distance is equivalent to 1/5 of an inch because the scale on the map is 1/5 inch = 3/4 mile; d/D = (1/5)/(3/4). 1/5 inch equals 3/4 mile. 3 miles = 4.5 inches 15 miles in 4 inches.
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all of the following hormones increase or decrease plasma glucose concentration by regulating glycogenolysis (converting glycogen to glucose) except?
Insulin is the hormone that controls glycogenolysis to lower plasma glucose levels. Insulin is the solution as a result.
By encouraging liver glycogenolysis, cortisol, glucagon, and epinephrine all raise plasma glucose levels. Only insulin, out of all the hormones mentioned, lowers plasma glucose levels via controlling glycogenolysis. The pancreas, an organ behind the stomach, produces the hormone insulin in its beta cells. By boosting the body's cells' ability to absorb glucose, it controls the quantity of glucose in the blood. As we eat, the food's carbs are broken down into glucose, which is then absorbed into the circulation. Insulin is then released by the pancreas in response, telling the cells to either take up glucose from the blood and utilise it as fuel immediately or store it for later use. Moreover, insulin is essential for controlling how proteins and lipids are metabolized.
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The above question is incomplete. The complete question is given below-
All of the following hormones increase or decrease plasma glucose concentration by regulating glycogenolysis (converting glycogen to glucose) EXCEPT?
Cortisol
Glucagon
Epinephrine
Insulin
The probability of fusion occurring is greatly enhanced when appropriate nuclei are brought close together, but mutual coulomb repulsion must be overcome. This can be done using the kinetic energy of high-temperature gas ions or by accelerating the nuclei toward one another.
The methods used to overcome the mutual coulomb repulsion and enhance the probability of fusion occurring between appropriate nuclei include the following:
Increasing the temperature of the nuclei raises their kinetic energy, allowing them to overcome the repulsion and collide with sufficient force to overcome the repulsion and fuse. Compressing the nuclei increases the probability of fusion, as it brings the nuclei closer together, reducing the mutual repulsion. Confining the nuclei within a small space increases the probability of collision, reducing the average distance between the nuclei and increasing the chance of fusion. Magnetic confinement is used in magnetic fusion energy devices, where the nuclei are confined in a plasma using magnetic fields. In inertial confinement fusion, the nuclei are confined within a small space and subjected to an intense burst of laser or particle-beam energy, which compresses the nuclei and initiates fusion. These methods aim to reduce the distance between the nuclei and increase their collision probability, allowing them to overcome the mutual coulomb repulsion and fuse.
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The complete Question is:
What are the methods used to overcome the mutual coulomb repulsion in order to enhance the probability of fusion occurring between appropriate nuclei?
One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA is replaced by a different base in RNA. Which base is it, and what is it replaced by?a. transcription and then translation
b. thymine, replaced by uracil.
c. both a and c are correct
d. hydrogen bond.
One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA will be replaced by a different base in RNA. The base is thymine and it is replaced by uracil in RNA. Option B is correct.
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that are composed of nucleotide subunits, each consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), while RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine.
During transcription, the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template, RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence and incorporates complementary RNA nucleotides, creating a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to the DNA template.
In RNA, uracil (U) pairs with adenine (A) via hydrogen bonds, while in DNA, thymine (T) pairs with adenine (A) via hydrogen bonds. Therefore, during transcription, thymine is replaced by uracil in RNA, which allows for base-pairing with adenine and ultimately the production of the RNA molecule.
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If a cell that is 0.05mm in diameter is viewed under a microscope with a 200x power lens, What will be the size of the image of mm.
if an image of a cell is 50mm in diameter when viewed under a 800x microscope, What is the size of the actual cell in mm.
Answer:
10mm , 0.0625mm
Explanation:
The size of the image of a cell that is 0.05mm in diameter viewed under a microscope with a 200x power lens would be 0.05mm * 200 = 10mm.
The size of the actual cell if an image of a cell is 50mm in diameter when viewed under a 800x microscope would be 50mm / 800 = 0.0625mm.
ALLEN
Regular lawn mowing selects for short-headed rather than long-headed dandelions because:
a. tall flowers spread their seeds farther
b. tall flowers cannot reproduce
c. short flowers can reproduce
d. short flowers spread their seeds farther
e. short flowers have less competition when the lawn is mowed often
The answer is (a) tall flowers spread their seeds farther.
Regular lawn mowing selects for short-headed rather than long-headed dandelions because tall flowers with long heads produce seeds that are further away from the base of the plant, making them more likely to be removed by lawn mowers. This reduces the chances of the tall flowers producing offspring, which decreases their overall fitness in the lawn environment. In contrast, short-headed dandelions have their seeds closer to the base of the plant, making them less likely to be removed by lawn mowers. This allows the short-headed dandelions to have a higher chance of producing offspring and passing on their traits, leading to the selection of short-headed dandelions in lawns that are regularly mowed.
Option (b) is not correct because tall flowers can reproduce, but they may be less successful at doing so in a lawn environment that is regularly mowed.
Option (c) is not correct because both short and tall dandelions can reproduce, but the likelihood of successful reproduction may differ depending on the characteristics of the plant.
Option (d) is not correct because the distance that seeds are spread is not necessarily related to the size of the flower head.
Option (e) is not correct because the height of the plant is not necessarily related to its ability to compete with other plants in the lawn environment.
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offspring produced by ___
reproduction inherit some of the genetic information from each ____
Answer: simple parent
Explanation:
Yeast, warm water and substance Z were put into a test tube. The apparatus was then set up as shown. After a while, the lime water began to go cloudy. What is substance Z?
Answer:
Explanation:
Substance Z is likely an organic compound that is capable of undergoing fermentation. Fermentation is the process by which yeast breaks down carbohydrates and produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide produced during the fermentation process causes the lime water to go cloudy.
Keat is describing the conditions on early Earth. Which line contains an error? (4 points)
Atmosphere has low levels of oxygen, and prokaryotic cells use anaerobic respiration.
Carbon dioxide builds up, and autotrophs evolve and begin producing oxygen.
Increased nitrogen levels kill off most anaerobic cells.
Aerobic autotrophs and heterotrophs become the dominant life forms.
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Which of the following claims best explains why keratinocytes do not produce melaninChoose matching definitiona. The TYRTYR, TRP2TRP2, and TRP1TRP1 genes may be located on different chromosomes but are activated by the same transcription factor.b. Keratinocytes do not express the MITFMITF gene.c. A knock-out mutation results in a total absence of the mutated protein. A knock-out mutation refers to the loss of a protein's function but not necessarily to its complete absence.d. Deletion.The original sequence has lost the base C.
The TYRTYR, TRP2TRP2, and TRP1TRP1 genes may be located on different chromosomes but are activated by the same transcription factor. Thus, the correct option is A.
What are Keratinocytes?Keratinocytes represent the major cell type of the epidermis layer of cells, the outermost layers of the skin, it has been found to making up to about 90 percent of the cells in the body. Keratinocytes originate in the deepest layer of the epidermis, the stratum basal and also move up to the final barrier layer of the skin, which is the stratum corneum.
The interaction of keratinocytes and the melanocyte cells is also crucial for the homeostasis of the epidermis layer of cells. Melanocytes are the cells which produce melanin pigment, which absorbs ultraviolet waves and prevents DNA damage to the keratinocytes. Keratinocytes do not produce melanin because these cells do not contain the TYRTYR, TRP2TRP2, and TRP1TRP1 genes.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Salicylic acid is one of the hormones proposed to be important for systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Which of the following observations would suggest that salicylic acid is an important signaling molecule for SAR in response to infection by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?Salicylic acid is one of the hormones proposed to be important for systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Which of the following observations would suggest that salicylic acid is an important signaling molecule for SAR in response to infection by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?When a leaf of a plant is infected by TMV, salicylic acid is only present in infected leaves.Salicylic acid is present in leaves before a TMV infection, but not after.A plant is more likely to be infected by TMV if salicylic acid is present.Levels of salicylic acid increase in the vascular tissue fluid of a plant when a single leaf is infected with TMV.
Increased levels of salicylic acid in vascular tissue fluid suggest it's important for systemic signaling and defense against TMV.
The observation that levels of salicylic acid increase in the vascular tissue fluid of a plant when a single leaf is infected with TMV suggests that salicylic acid is important for systemic signaling in response to TMV infection, activating the plant's defense response.
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a defense mechanism in plants that provides protection against future pathogen attacks. Salicylic acid is proposed to be an important hormone for the activation of SAR in response to infection by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The observation that levels of salicylic acid increase in the vascular tissue fluid of a plant when a single leaf is infected with TMV suggests that salicylic acid is involved in the systemic signaling process that activates the plant's defense response. This allows the plant to mobilize a rapid and effective defense response against future pathogen attacks.
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