A phylogenetic analyses is a branch diagram or even a tree that depicts the relationships that have developed over time between different biological species or even other entities based on similar characteristics.
A phylogenetic tree must be constructed in four distinct steps: Identification and acquisition of a collection of homologous DNA and protein sequences, alignment of those sequences, estimation of a tree from of the aligned sequences, & presentation of the tree in a way that makes the pertinent information clear to others are the first four steps. The morphological (body form), biochemical, behavioral, and molecular characteristics of species or other groupings can be used to construct a phylogenetic tree. In order to construct a tree, species are grouped into nested units based on common derived features (characteristics distinct from those of group's progenitor). A common ancestor is typically represented by a single branch at the base of many phylogenetic trees. Such trees are referred to as rooted by scientists, implying that just one ancestral lineage.
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indian pipe, a flowering plant, lacks chlorophyll and is not able to do photosynthesis. it is a(n): group of answer choices direct parasite host more than one of these choices is correct. indirect parasite ectoparasite
Not a typical flower.
What is Indian pipe plan?The Indian pipe plant (Monotropy uniflora) is a herbaceous plant with a life cycle of about two years. This plant unlike a typical plant is white on all the above ground plants. The petals are not showy and open but turned down and bell- shaped. The leaves are not green and ovoid shaped but are not visually obvious. The plant is about 12 inches tall and only produces a single flower. Unlike most flowers that are pleasantly scented this flower has the smell of rotting corpse. While a most plants are green the most impressive feature of this plant is that it does not produce any chlorophyll and therefore does not depend on photosynthesis. Like all other flowers it does produce fruit and seeds.Fungi are saprotrophes. They do not have chlorophyll and hence cannot perform photosynthesis.
parasitic plant, plant that obtains all or part of its nutrition from another plant (the host) without contributing to the benefit of the host and, in some cases, causing extreme damage to the host.
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a new phlebotomy tech is gathering equipment for an arterial puncture. she has gathered the following equipment: heparin solution of 1,000 iu per ml, container of water, betadine wipes, sterile needle, and syringe. what else is needed for this puncture?
disposable sterile gauze. A 20 gauge needle and 0.025 inch guidewire work well for arterial puncture. There is a 24 cm graduated dilator system over a 0.025 inch guidewire for radial artery sheaths.
For patient comfort and easier catheter manipulation, the long sheath technique is recommended. It has been demonstrated that radial artery puncture damages the newborn infant's median nerve. Following radial artery punctures to measure arterial blood gas values, two infants displayed prolonged median nerve conduction velocity and distal motor latency. Without careful clinical and electrical testing, this compressive neuropathy could go undetected in the neonatal period. The question of whether graduates of neonatal intensive care units experience long-term effects on hand function is once more raised by these data.
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about how many seconds should you check for breathing?
Examine a person's chest to see whether it is rising and falling to see if they are still breathing. For signs of breathing, listen over their lips and nose. You may feel their breath on your cheek for ten seconds.
In what ways do doctors examine your breathing?
The most used type of breathing or pulmonary function test is spirometry. This test evaluates your ability to effortlessly and quickly expel air from your lungs as well as how much air you can comfortably breathe in and out of your lungs. If you have wheezing, breathlessness, or a cough, your doctor could recommend spirometry.How can I tell if my lungs have been injured?
Wheezing: Noisy breathing or wheezing are indicators that something unexpected is restricting or constricting the airways in your lungs. You may be coughing up blood from your lungs or upper respiratory tract if this is the case. It indicates a health issue no matter where it is originating from.
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an aliquot of as-1 red blood cells is being prepared from an intact packed cell unit using a sterile connection device. during the process of preparing an aliquot, the sterile device fails and blood drips onto the counter from the product tubing. what should be done with the primary unit?
The principal unit should be changed to have an expiration date of 24 hours.
What method of platelet concentrate from unrelated donors' entire blood?Low-speed centrifugation is the first stage in preparing platelets from unrelated whole blood donors (light spin). The platelets are able to stay in the plasma area of the collection container as a result.
What antibody is frequently connected to a delayed hemolytic transfusion?In the delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTR), a potentially fatal complication seen in patients receiving frequent transfusions, antibodies are against the Rh (CEce) and Kidd (Jka and Jkb) system antigens are mostly to blame.
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if crossing over didn't occur on chromosomes, would there be identical cells after replication? if so, would that result in identical offspring?
In the absence of crossing over, two of the four new cells would be the same.Humans have 46 chromosomes and thus are diploid, which means that we get 23 chromosomes each from our mother and father.
See how all chromosomes, even homologous ones, line up in a single file during mitosis on the left (imagine all 46 lining up individually). Each daughter cell receives exactly precise same genetic information as anaphase splits the identical sister chromatids in mitosis. (They receive one from their mother (purple) and one from their father (yellow), giving them a complete diploid set.) Whereas chromosome #1 from of the father (yellow) goes to a right daughter cell, chromosome #1 from the mother (purple) goes to a left daughter cell.
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Within the fasciculus, each individual muscle cell, called a muscle fiber, is surrounded by connective tissue called
Each individual muscle fiber, or muscle cell, is surrounded by connective tissue called the endomysium within the fasciculus.
What kind of connective tissue forms the fasciculus of the muscle?
The thick connective tissue that encircles the entire muscle tissue is called the epimysium. Typically, the epimysium is made up of several bundles (fascicles) of muscle fibers. 2. The connective tissue that envelops each bundle of muscle fibers is known as the perimysium.
What is the name of the cell membrane that surrounds a muscle fiber?
Sarcolemma and sarcoplasm are the names of the cytoplasm and membrane, respectively, of muscle cells. Because of its excitability, the sarcolemma may carry the electrical impulses that develop during depolarization.
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Scientists compared the chemical structure of several molecules that various bacterial species use for quorum sensing. Quorum sensing is an ability some bacteria have to detect the number of related cells nearby. The chemical structure of some of these molecules found in certain species of bacteria are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. The chemical structure of several molecules used for quorum sensing in three species of bacteria Which of the following research questions would best guide an investigation of the link between the structure of the signaling molecules and the evolution of quorum sensing? A. Do these molecules require the same receptors in each bacteria species to generate a response? B. Did these species evolve from a common ancestor that used a similar signaling molecule? C. Do these species all perform the same action when the concentration of the signaling molecules is high enough? D. Did these species evolve from the same common ancestor that is still living today and uses the same receptors?
The research question of whether these species evolved from a common ancestor that used a similar signaling molecule will best guide an investigation of the link between the structure of the signaling molecules and the evolution of quorum sensing.
This research question would guide an investigation of the link between the structure of the signaling molecules and the evolution of quorum sensing by focusing on the evolutionary history of these molecules.
By comparing the chemical structures of signaling molecules used by different species of bacteria, scientists could determine whether or not these molecules have a common origin and if they evolved from a common ancestor that used a similar signaling molecule.
This will give an insight into how these molecules have evolved and how they are related to each other. Understanding the evolutionary history of these molecules will help provide a better understanding of how quorum sensing evolved within these bacterial species.
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Put the following blood vessels in order from smallest to greatest: capillary, aorta, pulmonary artery, arteriole
The order from smallest to greatest of the blood vessels is:
capillary, arteriole, pulmonary artery, aorta.
A scientist tags a phospholipid found in the Golgi apparatus. A while later this phospholipid has moved to a different location in the cell. Which of these is the most likely location of this phospholipid
The lysosomes, the plasma membrane is the most likely location of this phospholipid when from Golgi apparatus phospholipid has moved to a different location in the cell.
What is Golgi apparatus?Proteins obtained from the ER are further processed and even sorted in the organ termed as Golgi apparatus, also known as Golgi complex, where Proteins are eventually moved to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. the Golgi apparatus also produces sphingomyelin and glycolipids.Phospholipid:A class of polar lipids referred as phospholipids (PL) is composed up of two fatty acids, a glycerol unit, and a phosphate group which is esterified to an organic molecule (X) like choline, ethanolamine, inositol, etc.
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An adolescent with Duchenne muscular dystrophy has received care at the pediatric clinic since early childhood. Of which body system should the nurse perform a focused assessment to identify life-threatening complications as the child ages?
1. neurologic
2. gastrointestinal
3. musculoskeletal
4. cardiopulmonary
Musculoskeletal body system should the nurse perform a focused assessment to identify life-threatening complications as the child ages.
Adolescents who have advanced muscular degeneration experience problems with their diaphragm, heart, and supporting muscles for breathing, which can lead to fatal respiratory infections and heart failure.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy has little impact on the central nervous system. Cardiopulmonary issues take precedence over nutritional issues. Although there will be a noticeable degradation of the musculoskeletal system, cardiac changes take precedence.
Your bones, ligaments, tendons, and connective tissues are all part of your musculoskeletal system. Your muscle as well as other soft tissues are supported by your bones. They assist you in moving, support the weight of your body, and keep your posture.
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true/false. Researchers are investigating whether people who exercise with a training partner have a greater increase, on average, in targeted exercise intensity compared with people who exercise alone. Two methods of collecting data have been proposed.
Answer: we have to compare the effects of method I and method II.
Explanation: (ii) he population of generalization if the method I is used will be all people who are willing to determine the effect of exercising with a training partner as compared to exercising alone.
(ii) The population of generalization, if method II is used, will be all people who exercise at a community fitness center.
The 2 methods I am answering for are:
ﾷ Method I: Recruit volunteers who are willing to participate. Randomly assign each participant to exercise with a training partner or to exercise alone.
ﾷ Method II: Select a random sample of people from all the people who exercise at a community fitness center. Ask each person in the sample whether they use a training partner, and use the response to create the two groups.
the application of evolutionary principles to the study of human variation: a. has been of little value for understanding human variation. b. has helped replace earlier view based solely on observed phenotypes and variations in traits across the globe. c. reinforced traditional views of races as fixed biological entities that do not changes. d. allowed scientists to divide the human species into well-defined races.
Answer:
a. has been of little value for understanding human variation.
c. reinforced traditional views of races as fixed biological entities that do not change.
d. allowed scientists to divide the human species into well-defined races.
Option A, C, and D are not true. The application of evolutionary principles to the study of human variation has been very valuable in understanding human variation and how it has occurred over time. It has also helped to challenge traditional views of race as fixed biological entities and has shown that race is a social construct rather than a biological one.
Explanation:
hich of the following are limitations of the light microscope? multiple select question. light microscopes have a resolution limit of 0.2 micrometers. light microscopes are not able to show detailed internal cellular structure. light microscopes have a resolution limit of 2 micrometers. light microscopes are not able to show the shape and arrangement of bacteria.
a. light microscopes have a resolution limit of 0.2 micrometers.The light microscope's resolving power is its main drawback. With some discomfort, this number might be roughly cut in half by employing ultraviolet radiation with shorter wavelengths. Transmission Atomic microscope Resolution: In a TEM, a monochromatic electron beam is accelerated through a high magnetic field that serves as a lens at a potential of 40 to 100 kilovolts (kV).
A TEM has a resolution of around 0.2 nanometers (nm). Modest resolution - Despite being perfect for observing some subcellular structures, a light microscope's resolution is nevertheless somewhat low. Structures that are less than half the wavelength of light apart in the lateral direction are the only ones that can be observed.
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Part D Drag the numbers on the left to complete the sentence on the right. Numbers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Reset For every molecule of Oz that is released by photosystem II H2O molecules are needed, which together pass electrons to the PS il reaction-center complex Submit Request Answer ADN-
For every molecule of O₂ that is released by photosystem II two H₂O molecules are needed, which together pass four electrons to the PS II reaction-center complex.
Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the principal protein complex in the light-reliant responses of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is situated in the thylakoid layer of plants, green growth, and cyanobacteria. Inside the photosystem, chemicals catch photons of light to stimulate electrons that are then moved through various coenzymes and cofactors to diminish plastoquinone to plastoquinol. The stimulated electrons are supplanted by oxidizing water to shape hydrogen particles and sub-atomic oxygen.
The oxygen-advancing complex is the site of water oxidation. It is a metallo-oxo group containing four manganese particles (in oxidation states going from +3 to +4)[6] and one divalent calcium particle. At the point when it oxidizes water, creating oxygen gas and protons, it consecutively conveys the four electrons from water to a tyrosine (D1-Y161) sidechain and afterward to P680 itself.
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(Complete question) is:
Drag the numbers on the left to complete the sentence on the right. Numbers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.For every molecule of O₂ that is released by photosystem II ______H₂O molecules are needed, which together pass _______electrons to the PS II reaction-center complex.
are darwin's ideas about descent with modification and natural selection over long periods of time original to him?
No, Darwin was born in the 1830s, while jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Alfred Russel Wallace were the ones who first proposed the concepts of natural selection and descent with modification.
What defines something as natural?The word "natural" is frequently used to describe products that are healthy or not manufactured by humans in daily speech, but in scientific language, the definition of "natural" is far broader. Any component of the physical cosmos, whether or not it was created by humans, is considered to be natural in science.
Can one be naturally born?A living human individual is what is referred to as a "natural person" in law. This distinction between a natural person and a legal person, which is a collection of persons functioning jointly in a business but is regarded by law as behaving as a single fictional and virtual person, is intended to clarify what constitutes a natural person.
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how does yeast mating serve as an example of a signal transduction pathway
Yeast mating serves as a medium for the signal transduction pathways as the alpha yeast sends alpha signals that A yeast receives.
The pathway by which the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to the presence of peptide mating pheromone in its surroundings is known as the intracellular signal transduction pathway. It is one of the best-understood signaling pathways in eukaryotes, and also continues to generate new surprises and insights. In this pathway, the signal is transmitted from the cell-surface receptor-coupled G protein, via a MAP kinase cascade, to the nucleus.
The components of intracellular signaling pathways are dynamically interconnected in a complex network, where the proteins correspond to the nodes of the network, and the protein–protein, and enzyme–substrate interactions are the links between them. An integrated molecular and systems-level understanding of such networks will require a ‘parts list’ of the nodes, a wiring diagram of the links between them, and an experimental understanding of the effects of perturbing individual nodes and links.
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Functional means that: a) a person can live life without being kept in a hospital or other institutions. b) a person needs help in order to funcion. c) a person has a mental disorder that is being treated in an institution. d) a person can function despite a disorder.
apex
psychology
Functional refers to the ability of a person to function in spite of a disorder. So, Option D is correct.
A set of identifiable medical illnesses that are caused by modifications in how the body's systems work rather than by a disease that affects the body's structure are collectively referred to as "functional disorders." Medical systems are challenged by the widespread and complicated phenomena known as functional diseases. The body is traditionally viewed in western medicine as being made up of many organ systems, but it is less clear how these systems interact or communicate with one another. Functional diseases can impact how many organ systems interact, such as the gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, or neurological systems, resulting in a wide range of symptoms. Less frequently, only one conspicuous symptom or organ system is compromised.
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The word equation below shows a biological process. Water. Hydrogen atom + oxygen
a) Name the process.
b) Where does the process named in a) above take place?
c) State two conditions necessary for the process to occur.
Answer:
a) The process is called photosynthesis
b) The process of photosynthesis typically takes place in the chloroplasts of a cell.
c) Two conditions necessary for photosynthesis to occur are the presence of light and chlorophyll (a pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy).
Explanation:
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at the earliest stages of primary succession, before any plants are present at a site, which type of nitrogen fixation would occur, and why?
At the earliest stages of primary succession, free-living prokaryotes in the soil would reduce atmospheric N2 to NH3. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation could not occur until plants were present at the site.
Plants are the primary food source. Plants synthesize nutrients from various elements obtained from the atmosphere and the soil. Nitrogen is included in this group of elements. Plants absorb nitrogen from the soil and use it in the protein synthesis process. In contrast to carbon dioxide and oxygen, atmospheric nitrogen cannot be obtained via leaf stomata. Because plants cannot directly use nitrogen gas in the atmosphere. Nitrogen fixation is aided by specific bacteria and natural phenomena.
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if the pedigree is for an autosomal revessive characteristic, which individuals are deifntely heterozygous
I-1, I-2, II-4, II-5, III-1 is the correct answer if the pedigree is for an autosomal recessive characteristic, which individuals are deifntely heterozygous.
A pedigree is a record of a plant's ancestry. Pedigree breeding is a method of genetic improvement for self-pollinated species in which superior genotypes are selected from segregating generations and proper records of selected plants' ancestry are kept in each generation. In other words, it is a segregating population of self-pollinated species selection procedure that keeps proper record of plants and or progeny selected in each generation. This technique is commonly used to improve self-pollinated species. It is typically used when both parents used in the hybridization have favorable agronomic characteristics or are well adapted.
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if 6- year old sarah fell and broke her femur, damaging the proximal epiphyseal plate, what might she expect as she grows older? what s an epiphyseal plate and why is it significant to this situation?
(1) Sarah, age 6, may experience growth ret4rdation in one of the epiphyseal plates if she fractures her femur owing to an accident and damages the proximal epiphyseal plate.
(2) Epiphyseal plate is the primary location for the long bones longitudinal growth is the epiphyseal growth plate. At this location, cells proliferate, enlarge, and produce the characteristic extracellular matrix, resulting in the formation of cartilage. Following formation, the cartilage is destroyed, hardened, and replaced by osseous tissue.
In developing juvenile bone, there is a flat plate of hyaline cartilage known as the epiphyseal plate. Long bones grow lengthwise due to epiphyseal plates. She should anticipate stunted growth in that one epiphyseal plate because the child is still growing and has not reached puberty. Fortunately for Sarah, the proximal and distal ends of the femur both have an epiphyseal plate. The distal plate can develop in a healthy state.
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In Prophase I, why is it so important for chromatin to be condensed?
Answer:
Explanation:
The condensation of chromatin during prophase I is essential for the process of meiosis to occur. Chromatin is the material that makes up chromosomes, which are strands of DNA. When the chromatin is condensed, it forms into visible chromosomes that can be seen under a microscope. This allows the chromosomes to separate and move to different parts of the cell during meiosis. The condensation of chromatin also helps to prevent the chromosomes from becoming tangled or damaged during the process of meiosis. If the chromatin remained in its decondensed state, it would be difficult for the chromosomes to separate and move accurately. Thus, the condensation of chromatin during prophase I is essential for the process of meiosis to occur properly.
which organisms in the marine environment do viruses infect?
Explanation:
Viruses were recognized as the causative agents of fish diseases, such as infectious pancreatic necrosis and Oregon sockeye disease, in the early 1960s [1], and have since been shown to be responsible for diseases in all marine life from bacteria to protists, mollusks, crustaceans, fish and mammals [2].
which revision uses a relative clause to combine the sentences? koalas are marsupials. they live in eucalyptus forests.
The fact is that the sentence states that koalas are marsupials but they are not any type of marsupials but they belong to the kind that lives in eucalyptus forests. Therefore, the information given by the relative clause is essential to identify these marsupials.
What are koalas ?The marsupial group of mammals, which includes koalas, give birth to offspring that are still developing. But because they are so distinctive from other marsupials, the Phascolarctidae family has been created for them.
Eating up to a kilogramme of eucalyptus leaves per day, koalas are able to survive. Given that most animals are poisoned by eucalyptus, this is quite remarkable. The caecum, an unique fiber-digesting organ, aids in the leaves' chemical detoxification.
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As the pea seeds respire, the level of coloured liquid in the left hand part of the capillary tube rises. By referring to what is happening in the apparatus, explain why the level of liquid changes
As the pea seeds respire, they consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide produced by the seeds diffuses into the left-hand part of the capillary tube, where it is dissolved in the liquid.
The dissolution of carbon dioxide in the liquid causes the liquid to become more acidic, which in turn causes the liquid to become less dense. As pea seeds the liquid becomes less dense, it will rise in the left-hand part of the capillary tube. This is because the liquid is less dense than the air in the right-hand part of the capillary tube. The liquid will continue to rise in the tube as long as the pea seeds are respiring and producing carbon dioxide, which is dissolved in the liquid, making it less dense.
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Part F: Brainstorm Ideas
Brainstorm ideas for your house. Think about devices, appliances, and building materials you want your house to have. In addition, these computer tools might help you brainstorm some ideas.
This calculator gives you the average energy use of household appliances, so you can research energy-saving alternatives.
This quiz can tell you what your carbon footprint is and how to reduce it in your home. Consider turning some of the questions into energy solutions. For example, one of the questions is, Do you turn off your faucets? If water supply is a concern in your region, perhaps faucets that turn off automatically might be an eco-friendly solution.
This database provides information about air emissions rates in a region. Search the ZIP code for the location you chose and select one of the electrical companies listed. Then scroll down to see how much of the energy in this ZIP code comes from renewable and nuclear energy (a non-renewable, cleaner energy source) compared to fossil fuel sources (oil, coal, and gas). Bar graphs compare the ZIP code's energy profile to the national average.
Write down your ideas for the house you’ll design. Explain how those ideas can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and preserve natural diversity.
Hi!
The carbon emission can be reduced and natural diversity can be preserved by constructing homes as “green buildings”.
A "green building” is one that minimizes or eliminates negative effects on our climate and natural environment all through design, construction, or operation and can create a positive impact. Green buildings protect valuable natural resources and raise our standard of living.
The carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide that is generated by human activity.
Following improvements in house designs can help in reducing the emission of carbon dioxide:
Use of renewable energy resources like solar energy, hydraulic energy, etc because these forms of energy do not emit any greenhouse gases while their production and operation.
Planting indoor plants and creating a garden to absorb the carbon dioxide produced in the house and improve the quality of air.
Installing appliances with more energy stars, these types of appliances have low CFC emissions and hence decrease carbon dioxide trapping in the environment.
Planting a garden with no usage of chemical fertilizers or pesticides to preserve natural diversity.
now let's simulate genetic drift. which of the settings should you alter to test the effect of genetic drift?
Genetic drift, settings alter to test the effect of genetic drift the variance in allele frequency should increase by a factor of p(1 –p)/2N each generation, where p is the current frequency and N is the population size.
In general, Genetic drift is result in the loss of rare alleles, and it can also decrease the size of the gene pool. Genetic drift also alter the new population to be genetically diverse from the existing population, which can conclude that genetic drift plays a vital role in the evolution of new species.
Hence, smaller the population size (N), more will be the effect of genetic drift. Two important types of genetic drift is known so far first is population bottlenecks and other one is founder effect. They differ by the mechanisms and events that cause them to occur.
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duchenne muscular dystrophy is a recessive sex-linked condition that is more common in males than in females. which best explains why this is true?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive condition, which means that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to develop the disorder.
DMD is more common in males than in females because it is a sex-linked condition, meaning that the gene responsible for the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. Because the Y chromosome does not carry the dystrophin gene, males are more susceptible to DMD since they only have one X chromosome.
A female would need to inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, for the condition to occur, which is less likely than a male, who only needs one copy of the mutation.The inheritance pattern of DMD is X-linked recessive, which means that the gene responsible for the disorder is located on the X chromosome and that the condition is inherited in a recessive manner.
In this type of inheritance, females are considered carriers of the disorder, as they have one normal and one mutated copy of the gene. They may not show symptoms of the disorder, but they can pass on the mutation to their offspring. On the other hand, males, who have only one X chromosome, will show symptoms of the disorder if they inherit the mutation.
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How many animal species are there class 9?
Answer:
Around 3 million to more than 100 million; out of which, approximately 1.7 million species have been identified, classified, and named. The number keeps growing as around 13,000 species are added to the list every year.
freckles are caused by a dominant allele. a man has freckles but one of his parents does not have freckles. what is his genotype?
If freckles are caused by a dominant allele and a man has freckles but one of his parents does not have freckles, then his genotype is heterozygous for the trait.
What is a heterozygous individual in complete dominance?A heterozygous individual in complete dominance refers to an organism that has two different alleles for a given genetic locus but one allele called dominant masks the expression of the recessive allele.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that heterozygous individuals in complete dominance contain two different alleles for the same locus but only one is expressed.
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