Increasing the stimulus frequency would result in fused or unfused tetanus compared to a single muscle twitch (Option C).
What is a single muscle twitch?A single muscle twitch can be defined as the contraction of the muscle in particular environmental conditions, which is well known to show variation in muscle tension.
A single muscle twitch is also known to have three well marked phases which include the latent period in which the muscle maintains normal steady conditions, the contraction state phase in which it shortness to produce a particular movement of the tissue and finally the relaxation stage period in which the muscle adopts tis normal length.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a single muscle twitch is a muscle contraction period that includes different phases such as the relaxation stage phase where the muscle adopts its length and the contraction stage where it contracts.
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worth 100 points
What are the four stages of citric acid cycle?
Answer:
The four stages: glycolysis, a transition reaction that forms acetyl coenzyme A, the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, and an electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Explanation:
what does a sensory neuron not necessarily need to generate a signal? group of answer choices ions with concentration gradients a leaky channel a long axon neurotransmitter output
Sensory Neuron - Afferent neurons, also referred to as sensory neurons, are neurons in the nervous system that use their receptors to translate a particular kind of stimuli into action potentials or graded potentials.
It is known as sensory transduction. The dorsal ganglia of the spinal cord are home to the sensory neurons' cell bodies.
The inside of a neuron has a negative charge compared to the positive charge outside the cell when it is not transmitting messages. Ions, electrically charged atoms, keep the balance between positive and negative charges.
K+
K+ tends to leak out of cells through K+ leak channels due to the differential in its concentration. The unbalanced negative charge that K+ leaves behind as it leaves the cell creates an electrical field, or membrane potential, which tends to oppose further K+ efflux.
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georgia wants to revise the diagram to show how urine enters the system. which revision would be most useful for her to include? a. draw a duct, similar to a ureter, from the liver to the kidneys. b. draw thin blood vessels along the outside of the urinary bladder. c. draw thin blood vessels coursing through the kidneys. d. draw thick blood vessels from the kidneys, along the ureters, and into the urinary bladder.
Draw thin blood vessels coursing through the kidneys. This revision would be most useful for her to include. So, the correct option is c.
Excretory system of human being consists of pair of kidneys, pair of ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. Urine is formed in the kidneys of humans through the filtration of blood. After that the urine is passed through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored. During urination or micturition, the urine is passed from the bladder (where it is stored) through the urethra to the outside of the body. We have two renal arteries. The right renal artery supplies blood to the right kidney and the left renal artery sends blood to the left kidney.
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when a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. one daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell. which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?
The genes that are expressed are the factor that will most directly decide what kind of specialized cell will be created.
The building blocks of the body, stem cells are the cells that give rise to all other cells with specific roles in the body. In the body or in a lab, stem cells can divide to create new cells known as daughter cells under the correct circumstances.
Pluripotent stem cells called embryonic stem cells are produced from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, a developing embryo prior to implantation. After fertilizations, 4-5 days later, human embryos comprised of 50–150 cells reach the blastocyst stage.
The two primary sources of stem cells are adult body tissues and embryos. In order to produce stem cells from other cells, scientists are also exploring with genetic "reprogramming" approaches.
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Which structure secretes bile?
in a testcross, if all the offspring show the dominant phenotype, then the individual with the unknown genotype was:
The homozygous dominant genotype will show all dominant offspring in test cross.
To as certain whether or not the dominant trait is heterozygous, a text cross between a person expressing a recessive trait and one exhibiting a dominant trait is performed. An individual expressing a dominant trait could have two copies of the dominant allele (homozygous dominant) or one copy of each dominant and recessive allele, according to the law of dominance in genetics (heterozygous dominant). A test cross can be used to ascertain whether a person is homozygous dominant or heterozygous dominant. An individual is bred with another who is homozygous for the recessive trait in a test cross, and the children of the test cross are then evaluated. The allele that the homozygous recessive person passes on determines the phenotype of the progeny because they can only transmit recessive alleles. Thus, this test has two potential outcomes:
Hence, test cross is used to determine genotype of offspring.
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place the following organs in the appropriate body cavity
The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into the abdominal cavity, enclosed by the ribcage and pelvis and contains the kidneys, ureters, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas; and the pelvic cavity, enclosed by the pelvis and contains bladder, anus and reproductive system.
The cavities, or spaces, of the body contain the internal organs, or viscera. The two main cavities are called the ventral and dorsal cavities. The ventral is the larger cavity and is subdivided into two parts (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) by the diaphragm, a dome-shaped respiratory muscle.
An example of a body cavity in humans would be the cranial cavity, which houses the brain. A coelom is a special type of body cavity derived from the mesoderm, or middle layer of germ cells present in an embryo. Some organisms, like sponges, have no body cavities
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cells synthesize a variety of complex molecules to include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. a large majority of the molecules that cells make are proteins. which three organelles are most involved in synthesizing proteins?
For protein synthesis, the three organs are the Endocytic reticulum in rough (RER), Ribosomes, and liver.
Which chemicals have a significant role in the structure of cells and are highly complex?Large, intricate molecules known as proteins play a variety of vital functions in the body. They are essential for the structure, operation, and control of the body's tissues and organs and carry out the majority of their job in cells.
What do you call the large molecules that living creatures produce and use?Large molecules required for life, known as biological macromolecules, are constructed from smaller organic molecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four main types of biological macromolecules; each is an essential part of the cell and has a variety of activities.
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which statement best describes the relationship between genetic variation and speciation? . which statement best describes the relationship between genetic variation and speciation? there is no relationship between genetic variation and any form of speciation. without genetic variation, speciation would not be possible. without genetic variation, speciation would occur more slowly. genetic variation influences sympatric speciation, but not allopatric speciation.
This sentence best captures the link between genetic variation and speciation. Without genetic variation, speciation is not feasible. The right response in this case is option B.
When reproductive isolation between two or more populations emerges from alleles already existing in the shared ancestral population rather than through new mutations, this is known as standing genetic variation.
Without genetic diversity, a population cannot adapt to changing environmental factors and may therefore be at higher danger of going extinct. For instance, if a population is exposed to a new disease, selection will work on any community-level disease-resistance resistance genes.
The likelihood of parallel evolution of reproductive isolation is increased when the same alleles are employed repeatedly in distinct speciation events due to standing genetic variation.
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Classify the examples as prezyz gotic postzygotic barriers Prezygotic barrier Postzygotic barrier Answer Bank horse and donkey male [0 produce sterile mule. One bird species prelers open areas, whereas anolher bird species prelers wooded areas One frog species mates in the spring whereas another frog species mates in the summer: Individuals from two different species mate but the resulting embryo dies before birth:
The examples as prezygotic barriers - One bird species prefers open areas, whereas another bird species prefers wooded areas. One frog species mates in the spring whereas another frog species mates in the summer.
The examples as postzygotic barriers - horse and donkey male to produce sterile mule. Individuals from two different species mate but the resulting embryo dies before birth.
What are prezygotic barriers?Prezygotic barriers hinder members of different species from mating and giving birth to a zygote, a single-celled embryo. Spatial isolation, temporal isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation, and behavioral isolation are the five basic types of prezygotic barriers to reproduction. These barriers occur before mating or formation of zygote.
What are postzygotic barriers?Postzygotic barriers include the creation of hybrid individuals that do not survive past the embryonic stages ( hybrid unviability ) or the creation of a hybrid that is sterile and unable to produce offspring ( hybrid sterility).
Hybrid Zygote Abnormality, Hybrid Infertility and Low Hybrid Viability are some examples of postzygotic barriers of reproduction. These barriers occur after mating or formation of zygote.
The examples as prezygotic barriers - One bird species prefers open areas, whereas another bird species prefers wooded areas. One frog species mates in the spring whereas another frog species mates in the summer.
The examples as postzygotic barriers - horse and donkey male to produce sterile mule. Individuals from two different species mate but the resulting embryo dies before birth.
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the golden ratio is a controversial number believed by many to describe various natural structures such as vein and stem structures in plants and even dna. it is often expressed as the positive solution to the above quadratic equation. rounded to the nearest hundredth, what is the golden ratio expressed as a decimal?
In mathematics, the irrational number (1 + Square root of 5)/2, frequently represented by the Greek letter or, which is roughly equivalent to 1.618, is known as the golden ratio, also known as the golden section, golden mean, or heavenly proportion.
The golden ratio is 1.618, but why?The Greek letter phi () stands for the irrational number known as the golden ratio or golden mean, which roughly equates to 1.618. When two numbers' ratios to one another and to their total to the greater of the two numbers is the same, this is known as the golden ratio.
In the Fibonacci sequence, what is the constant 1.618 known as?The golden ratio, or roughly 1.618, is an irrational number that is equal to (1+5)/2. The ratio is a result of an old Indian mathematical formula that Western culture named after Leonardo Fibonacci, who popularized the idea in Europe.
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How many chromosomes do most human cells have? (a) 12, (b) 23, (c) 46, (d) 69.
Option C, In humans, there are typically 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs, in each cell. There are 22 of these pairs, known as autosomes, and they have a similar appearance in both sexes.
The number of chromosomes in sperm or egg cells, often known as gametes, is sometimes referred to as haploid. In humans, gametes are haploid cells with 23 chromosomes—one of each chromosomal pair found in diplod cells—and are hence haploid. For humans, each diploid cell has 46 chromosomes. There are 22 pairs of autosomal, or non-sex, chromosomes among them, and two of them determine sex. Two times as many chromosomes as those in a haploid cell, or 2n, make up the total number of chromosomes in diploid cells (n).
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suppose 20 glucose molecules are formed during gluconeogenesis. calculate the amount of pyruvate, atp, and nadh molecules required.
suppose 20 glucose molecules are formed during gluconeogenesis. The amount of pyruvate, atp, and nadh molecules required are :
number of pyruvate: 40 Number of ATP: 120 Number of NADH: 40
1 molecule of glucose is created from 2 pyruvate molecules. It takes 20 molecules of pyruvate to make 20 molecules of glucose, or 2*20 molecules.
One molecule of glucose is produced using 6 molecules of ATP. Therefore, there will be 6*20=120 ATP for 20 molecules of glucose.
In the process of gluconeogenesis, 2 NADH molecules are used to make 1 molecule of glucose. In other words, it will be 2*20=40NADH for 20 Glucose molecules.
A process known as "gluconeogenesis" converts non-carbohydrate substrates like lactate, amino acids, and glycerol into glucose (parent 1). Each lactate and alanine is first transformed into pyruvate, which is subsequently taken up by the mitochondrion and carboxylated by pyruvate carboxylase to become oxaloacetate (OAA)
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the saclike structure around the heart is the: a pericardium. b endocardium. c myocardium. d epicardium.
Answer:
Pericardium
Explanation:
Surrounding the heart is a saclike fibrous structure called the pericardium. Its function is mainly to protect the heart from overdistention (stretching too much when being filled with blood), and to maintain efficient function despite surrounding organs and structures.
A plant cell and an animal cell is kept in a hypotonic solution. Select the resulting observation of this experiment.
A
Plant cell will burst.
B
No changes.
C
Both the cells will shrink.
D
Animal cell will burst.
Animal cell will burst when kept in a hypotonic solution.
Animal cells lack a cell wall and only have a cell membrane. A cell wall, which is found outside the cell membrane in plant cells and gives the cell its shape and strength. When kept in a hypotonic environment, cells absorb water from the surrounding medium and swell. Plant cells have a cell membrane that exerts pressure against the cell wall, which in turn applies pressure to the swelling cell but prevents it from bursting. Plant cells are able to endure internal cell swelling pressure considerably better than animal cells because of their robust cell walls.
What is Hypotonic solution?
Across a semipermeable membrane, a solution is referred to as a hypotonic solution if it contains less solute than other solutions with the same solute concentration. Such a solution results in a reduction in the concentration of solutes and complete water flow within the cell.
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which of the following could be described as a cranial (pertaining to the head) adaptation of mammals? a) a reduced number of ethmoturbinals (scroll-shaped bones in the nose) b) a double-jointed jaw c) a hard palate that completely separates the nasal cavity and oral cavity d) the presence of only one middle ear ossicle for sound transmission
Mammals' middle ear ossicles connect the exterior and inner ears by sitting in a space filled with air.
Describe a primate skull?The primate cranium is a highly integrated, sophisticated structure that performs a variety of essential tasks such as protecting the brain and its appendages (primarily the eyes), respiration, olfaction, food acquisition, and mastication (Lieberman et al., 2008)
How can one identify if a cranium belongs to a primate?The orbital convergence and orbital frontation, the postorbital bar, and an increase in cranial base flexion together with a decrease in cranial base angle are characteristics that set the primate skull apart from those of the majority of other mammals.
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Which of the following represents the equation for photosynthesis?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Energy
CO2 + H2O + Energy → C6H12O6 + O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Answer:
(d) 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Explanation:
You want to know which equation represents photosynthesis.
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis is the process by which plants use light to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose, from which all other plant materials and energy are derived. The waste product from the process is oxygen.
This description eliminates choices A and B.
Choice C is eliminated in favor of choice D, because the former equation is not balanced.
The correct representation is ...
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
HELP pls will mark you the brainliest
Is it the 3rd one?
I just researched and found this:
"During mitosis the chromosomes are very visible."
I hope that this helped.
what levels are more likely to stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors vs. central chemoreceptors?
The peripheral chemoreceptors are the quick-response blood pressure sensors found in the carotid bodies at the common carotid artery's bifurcation.
Modifications in the partial pressure of oxygen activate peripheral chemoreceptors, which then cause respiratory drive changes aimed at maintaining normal partial pressure levels.
Peripheral chemoreceptors have been shown in studies on fetal lambs to be functionally active and can be triggered by further lowering the already low fetal PaO2.
The peripheral chemoreceptors, which respond more quickly, notice changes in the peripheral environment, whereas the central chemoreceptors adjust respiration depending on variations in CO2/pH sensed in the brain. About two thirds of the ventilatory response to CO2/pH is caused by central chemoreceptor sites.
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Explain why is it important to monitor environmental parameters when making policies involving source use?
When deciding on source usage policies, it's crucial to keep an eye on environmental indicators in order to reduce the impact of human influence.
What are parameters example?When describe the entire population under study, a parameter is utilized. For instance, we are interested in understanding the typical length of a butterfly. This information about the total insect population makes it a parameter.
What are considered parameters?A statistics is a number that describes a sample, whereas a parameter is indeed a number that represents the entire population (such as the population mean) (e.g., sample mean). Discovering variables helps quantitative research understand population features.
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Which of the following is the major cause of soil pollution?
O Improper diposal of waste
O Exposure to chemical fertilizers
O Acid rains
O All of the above
Answer:
all of the above
Explanation:
an instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a class on the various pituitary hormones. which hormone would the instructor include as being released by the posterior pituitary gland? prolactin somatotropin adrenocorticotropic hormone oxytocin
The posterior pituitary gland's primary function is to store and release two hormones: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin).
Your pituitary gland's two lobes are linked to your hypothalamus (a component of your brain) by a stalk that includes blood vessels and nerve cells.
The posterior pituitary gland produces hormones such as vasopressin and oxytocin. Vasopressin, commonly known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), works on the kidney to preserve water.
The posterior lobe is responsible for the production of two hormones: vasopressin and oxytocin.
When the hypothalamus sends messages to the pituitary gland via nerve cells, these hormones are released. Vasopressin is also referred to as antidiuretic hormone.
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Many prokaryotes that are easily cultured in the lab are human or animal pathogens. why would these species be more readily cultured than non-pathogenic prokaryotes?
a. Pathogenic prokaryotes are hardier than non-pathogenic prokaryotes.
b. Non-pathogenic prokaryotes require more supplements in their growth media.
c. Most of the necessary culture conditions could be inferred for pathogenic prokaryotes.
d. Pathogenic bacteria can grow as free bacteria, but non-pathogenic bacteria only grow as parts of large colonies.
a. Pathogenic prokaryotes are hardier than non-pathogenic prokaryotes.
In the 1880s, the word "pathogen" first became in use. The term "pathogen" is typically used to refer to an infectious microbe or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungal organism. Insects and helminths are examples of small animals that can carry or spread disease. Instead of being called pathogens, these creatures are more commonly referred to as parasites. Microbiology is the scientific study of microscopic organisms, especially microscopic harmful organisms, while parasitology is the study of parasites and the hosts of parasites.
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Tissues are formed from________ and are arranged together to form________ . a. organs; organ system b. cells; organs c. cells; molecules d. molecules; cells
Systems of organs are formed. Finally, a complex organism is formed when a number of organ systems are combined. Thus, tissues are created from cells, and when those tissues come together, they create organs.
Result for an image Organ systems are created. When several organ systems are integrated, a complex organism is created. Cells produce tissues, and when those tissues are combined, they produce organs.
Organ systems are made up of tissues, which in turn are made up of tissues and organs. The coordinated activity of an organ system's organs determines how well it functions. To process food, for instance, the digestive system's organs work together.The body's various systems each serve a different purpose. For instance, your respiratory system works with your circulatory system to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide, while your digestive system is in charge of ingesting and processing food. Movement requires the skeletal and muscular systems.
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Which of the following is a facultative, rather than obligate, intracellular pathogen? Multiple Choice 0 Brucella abortus 0 Chlamydia spp. 0 Rickettsia rickettsi 0 All of the choices are correct One example of infectious disease transmission by a fomite is Multiple Choice O a baby born with congenital syphills from an Infected mother O a child developing a cold after playing with a toy that harbored rhinovirus O a teenager with severe acne due to propionibacteria growing in sebaceous glands O None of the choices are correct.
Brucella abortus is a facultative, rather than obligate, intracellular pathogen, which suggests that option A is the right answer.
One example of infectious disease transmission by a fomite is a child developing a cold after playing with a toy that harbored rhinovirus, which means option B is the right answer. Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative bacteria. It is caused in humans due to the consumption of dairy products obtained from infected animals such as cows, buffaloes, goat etc. Pathogens are disease causing microorganism which live inside the host body and adversely affects their immune system. This characteristic feature is termed as virulence. Pathogens can be virus, bacteria, fungi etc. Rhinovirus are flu causing virus that cause symptoms such as Coughing, sneezing, hoarseness, facial pressure in adults and infants.
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compared to the nervous system, endocrine signals tend to have a greater and a lesser ?
In reaction to a stimulus, the neurological system instructs the endocrine system to release hormones. compared to the nervous system, endocrine signals tend to have a greater
Action potentials and neurotransmitters are used by the neurological system to react to stimuli, signaling the endocrine system to release hormones.
Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream by the endocrine system and then carried to the desired cells. These hormones control metabolism, growth, and stress response. The hormones released give the brain feedback and alter neural processing.
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which of the following occurs during inhalation? multiple choice pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases and the diaphragm contracts. the heart beat slows down. the volume in the thoracic cavity decreases. pressure in the thoracic cavity increases and the diaphragm relaxes.
Both the diaphragm and the rib muscles contract. As a result, your thoracic cavity expands during inhalation, pulling your ribs both upward and outward. Option A is the appropriate response, so.
The main muscle used for breathing is the diaphragm, which is situated underneath the lungs. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that frequently contracts unconsciously and regularly. The diaphragm flattens and tightens during inhalation, and the chest cavity widens. A vacuum is produced by the contraction, drawing air into the lungs. The diaphragm relaxes and assumes its dome-like form during exhalation, forcing air from the lungs. The diaphragm, a delicate skeletal muscle that separates the chest from the belly, is located at the base of the chest.
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How are chromosomes passed down to offspring in sexually reproducing organisms?
Through mitosis, parents' chromosomes are replicated to create unique cells for offspring.
Offspring receive the majority of their chromosomes from one of their parents.
Chromosomes come in pairs, one from each parent, that code for the same trait.
Offspring receive genes for half of their traits from each parent (ex: chromosomes for eye color from their mother and hair color from their father).
The Correct answer is b) Offspring receive the majority of their chromosomes from one of their parents.
What is Chromosomes?Each cell's nucleus contains the chromosome, which is packed into thread-like filaments. Each chromosome is made up structurally of DNA that is tightly wound around unique proteins called histones. Under a microscope, chromosomes are typically invisible. They only become visible when cells divide, which is the only time they do.Chromosomes are found in all living things, and humans have 23 pairs of them. These 22 pairs of chromosomes are known as autosomes, and both males and females have the same number of them. Allosomes, or the 23rd pair of chromosomes, are unique to each gender. Males only have one copy of each of the "X" and "Y" chromosomes, whereas females have two copies of each.To learn more about Chromosomes refer to:
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Explain frost, fog, snow, and rain in the water cycle and the impact Global Warming could have on the water cycle
The frost, fog, snow, and rain in the water cycle and the impact Global Warming could have on the water cycle is a very bigger concern. With the increasing global warming and the melting of glaciers the water cycle sped will get increased.
How are clouds formed ?The clouds are formed by the process of evaporation and condensation occurring simultaneously.
Rising water levels in the oceans and the melting of glaciers fastening day by day in the impact of global warming will speed up the rate of evaporation and the process of the water cycle will be fastened up.
This increased rate of water cycle happening will become the reason for the fresh water becoming more fresher day by day and the salty water in the oceans becoming more saltier day by day.
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Place the following structures in the order that an electrical impulse would travel beginning with the postsynaptic membrane.
1. Dendrites
2. Soma
3. Axon hillock
4. Internode
5. Node of Ranvier
6. Terminal arborization
7. Synaptic knobs
Dendrites --> soma --> axon hillock --> internode --> node of Ranvier --> terminal arborization --> synaptic knobs
What does "postsynaptic membrane" mean?
The postsynaptic membrane in a chemical synapses is the membrane that receives the signal (binds neurotransmitter) from the presynaptic cell and reacts by depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. The synaptic cleft divides the presynaptic membrane from the postsynaptic membrane.
Where can you find the postsynaptic membrane?
Excitatory synapses are identified by the postsynaptic density (PSD), a morphological and functional specialization of the postsynaptic membrane that is often found near the apex of the dendritic spine.
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