Only the adrenal medullae are purely endocrine organs containing modified neurons that produce and secrete neurohormones.
The adrenal medulla is the adrenal gland's inner region. It is made up of the autonomic nervous system's modified sympathetic ganglion and grows from the same embryonic tissue as the other sympathetic ganglia. The cells that make up the adrenal medulla don't have axons and are found in groups around large blood vessels.
The adrenal medulla's chromaffin cells are responsible for the endocrine system. The ANS's sympathetic preganglionic neurons provide these cells with their innervation. Epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are neurohormones because they are secreted by neurons, are secreted by the adrenal medulla.
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Quick question to tease your brain: does the sun help animals or does plants help animals?
Answer: Without the Sun, these plants can’t get the energy they need to grow. The Sun is also the primary source of vitamin D for animals, which is essential for their growth. Vitamin D provides calcium, which helps form strong bones and teeth. Animals get vitamin D directly by exposure to the Sun or indirectly by eating plants.
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if the cleavage furrow or cell plate shown in the figure formed nearer one pole of the dividing cell rather than at the midline, what would be the predicted result?
The resulting cells would be very different in size.
In animal cells, cytokinesis starts offevolved in anaphase, with the mitotic spindle figuring out the starting role of the contractile ring to shape. In telophase, this ring becomes energetic, and the cleavage furrow paperwork and deepens until only a skinny attachment, the midbody, stays.
Cytokinesis starts in anaphase and ends in telophase, reaching completion as the following interphase starts. the first visible trade of cytokinesis in an animal cellular is the surprising appearance of a pucker, or cleavage furrow, at the cell surface.
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How many basic units of information in a dna molecule are required to encode a single amino acid?.
Basic units of information in a DNA molecule are required to encode a single amino acid with 3 nucleotides.
Amino acids are molecules that combine to shape proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. when proteins are digested or damaged, amino acids are left. The human frame makes use of amino acids to make proteins to help the body: wreck down food.
An amino acid is an organic molecule that is made from a basic amino institution (−NH2), an acidic carboxyl organization (−COOH), and a natural R institution (or aspect chain) that is precise to every amino acid. The time period amino acid is short for α-amino [alpha-amino] carboxylic acid.Nov 9, 2022
Amino acids, particularly, are typically secure to apply every day, so long as they may be not fed on in large amounts. due to the fact the dietary desires of various human beings can range broadly, it's hard to say exactly what the top restriction is probably for amino acids in widespread.
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what is the movement of air in and out of the lungs called? multiple choice 2 cellular respiration extenal respiration internal respiration ventilation
The movement of air in and out of the lungs occurs by the process of Ventilation.
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Pulmonary ventilation is basically breathing. It is the movement of air in (inhalation) and out (exhalation) the lungs. Pressure differences between the gases inside the lungs and the atmosphere is the reason air flows.
Recoil of elastic tissues and muscular breathing movements create the changes in pressure which results in ventilation.
Inhalation: or also called inspiration, is when air is taken into the lungs. Since it is a result of muscle contraction, it is an active phase of ventilation. The diaphragm contracts during inspiration, and the thoracic cavity increase in volume.
Exhalation: or also called expiration, is when air is let out of the lungs during breathing. The diaphragm relaxes during expiration and the elastic tissue recoils, which decreases the thoracic volume.
Therefore, the movement of air in and out of the lungs occurs by the process of Ventilation.
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Which of the qualities is a major difference between all spore-dispersing and seed-dispersing plants? select all that apply.
The gametophytes of seed plants are never exposed to the external environment. In seed plants, dispersed spores contain a multicellular gametophyte.
Seed dispersal is the mechanism by which plant seeds are transported to new sites for germination and the establishment of new individuals.
The process by which plant seeds are moved to new locations for germination and the development of new individuals is known as seed dispersal. Animals frequently act as intermediaries in this process, and as a result, the success of their role as seed dispersers determines the fate of the seeds.
Dispersal is the process through which seeds are dispersed by animals or other sources over a large region. Germination is the process of a new plant growing from a seed in ideal conditions.
several methods of seed dispersion: -
Due to gravity, the seed falls to the earth; Seed distribution by wildlife and animals; Fur and feather adaptations for hitchhiking, including hooks, barbs, and spines; Ballistic seed dispersal, which causes seeds to explode and release their seeds; Seed distribution by wind; Human seed dispersion through farming, gardening, and leisure activities, dispersers.To learn more about seed-dispersing visit here:
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Complete Question;
Which of the qualities is a major difference between all spore-dispersing and seed-dispersing plants? select all that apply.
In seed plants, dispersed spores contain a multicellular gametophyte.Seed plants disperse gametes and seeds instead of spores.The sporophyte of seed plants is photosynthetically independent.The gametophytes of seed plants are never exposed to the external environment.green plants absorb sunlight to power photosynthesis, the chemical synthesis of food from water and carbon dioxide. the compound responsible for light absorption and the color of plants, chlorophyll, strongly absorbs light with a wavelength of 662 nm. calculate the frequency of this light.
The frequency of this light is 4.53 x 10¹⁴s⁻¹ when light having a wavelength of 662 nm absorbs by chlorophyll pigment.
What is the wavelength of light?For calculating the wavelength of light, use the equation,
λ= c/v
Where,
λ = wavelength of the light = 662 nm
c = speed of light = 3.0 x 10⁸ m/s
v = frequency of light = ?
v = 3.0 x 10⁸/662 x 10⁻⁹ = 4.53 x 10¹⁴s⁻¹
Therefore, the wavelength of 662 nm having a frequency of this light is 4.53 x 10¹⁴s⁻¹ is absorbed by the chlorophyll of plants.
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The transpiration pull is due to the ________ that causes water to move up through the xylem that begins at the surface of mesophyll cells.
The transpiration pull is due to the negative pressure potential that causes water to move up through the xylem that begins at the surface of mesophyll cells.
The process of transpiration occurs when water moves through a plant and evaporates through its exposed surfaces, such as the stem, leaves, or flowers. The primary element in the leaves and stem that contributes to transpiration is the stomata.High solute content in any cell causes the development of negative pressure potential. Any plant’s top contains a lot of solutes, but the bottom, or root, contains the ideal amount of water. This is what causes the water to rise higher due to the high solute concentration and potential for negative pressure.Through the stomatal holes of the leaves, transpiration mostly takes place. The amount of water that eventually escapes from these openings would rise as their diameter or size increased, increasing the transpiration rate.A higher air humidity level indicates that there are more water vapours present in the environment. As osmotic pressure has a significant impact on transpiration, this slows down the process.
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the infrared receptors of rattlesnakes allow them to detect the body heat of prey animals. what type of receptor are infrared receptors?
Rattlesnakes' TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1) type of receptors enable them to sense the body heat of their prey species.
What does the gene TRPA1 do?The only member of the TRPA gene subfamily found in mammals is TRPA1. According to recent studies, mustard oil, a painful and inflammatory irritant, targets TRPA1 in peripheral sensory neurons, suggesting that it functions to cause pain and neurogenic inflammation.
What occurs when TRPA1 is turned on?When TRPA1 is activated, a key component of its signaling mechanism is the local release of substance P, also known as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which attracts immune cells, causes vasodilatation and plasma extravasation, and promotes neurogenic inflammation.
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............ is an eukaryotic organelles that might have evolved from small independent green prokaryotes that took up residence in a bigger prokaryotic cells?
Chloroplast is an eukaryotic organelles that might have evolved from small independent green prokaryotes that took up residence in a bigger prokaryotic cells.
Chloroplast is the cell organelle that is present only in green plants and some fungi that can make their own food. Chloroplast are believed to be evolved from prokaryotes and are called semi-autonomous because they have their own DNA which can make some of the proteins needed by the organelle.
Prokaryotes are the organisms that have the primitive type of cell with no true nuclei. Instead their genetic material lies as an aggregate in the cytoplasm itself and is called nucleoid.
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which of the following is considered essential fat?
fat incorporated in loose connective tissue known as adipose tissue
fat located underneath the skin, also known as subcutaneous fat
fat stored in various tissues and critical for normal body functioning
fat located around major organs, generally within the abdomen
Fat located underneath the skin, also known as subcutaneous fat is essential fat.
What is essential fat?A necessary part of everyday nutrition is fat. It is necessary for flavor in food as well as for proper cellular function, energy, protection of essential organs, insulation, and cushioning.
There are two different forms of fat that the body stores: necessary fat and nonessential fat.
The bare minimum of fat required for healthy physiological function is known as essential fat. Essential fat values are commonly thought to be 3% and 12% for men and women, respectively. Unneeded fat is defined as fat that is present in excess of the bare minimum.
Therefore, Fat located underneath the skin, also known as subcutaneous fat is essential fat.
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Explain why genetic disorders caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes most often involve the x chromosome.
The X chromosome is typically involved in chromosomal abnormalities. The only chromosome pair in which the two chromosomes are considerably dissimilar in size is X and Y.
This explains why sex chromosome nondisjunction seems to happen more frequently than autosome nondisjunction. Not to incite a sex conflict, but the X chromosome—which males have one of while females have two—is five times larger and contains ten times as many genes as the Y chromosome. So, compared to the Y chromosome, it carries more traits and diseases.Changes in the number of chromosomes are the root cause of various chromosomal disorders. These alterations take place at random during the development of reproductive cells; they are not inherited (eggs and sperm). Reproductive cells with an incorrect number of chromosomes are the result of a cell division defect called nondisjunction.
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factors such as behavioral, temporal, or ecological isolation mechanisms that prevent two closely related sympatric populations from interbreeding can be grouped together and classified as .
Factors such as behavioral, temporal, or ecological isolation mechanisms that prevent two closely related sympatric populations from interbreeding can be grouped together and classified as Prezygotic isolation mechanism.
Prezygotic isolation stops egg fertilization, whereas postzygotic isolation stops the development of fertile offspring. There are several prezygotic isolation techniques, including as habitat isolation, ecological isolation , isolation during mating seasons, mechanical isolation, isolation of gametes, and behavioral isolation.
Some flower species serve as an illustration for this, producing pollen when only other flowers of the same species are receptive to it. To ensure reproductive isolation, related species from different phyla generate pollen at different times. Because the gametes never come together to form a zygote, this is an example of prezygotic isolation.
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Compare the krebs cycle and the calvin cycle. Which molecules are common to both cycles?.
ATP and NADPH are common to both Kreb's cycle as well as calvin cycle.
Energy storage and electron donor/carrier molecules include ATP and NADPH. The following phase of photosynthesis makes use of both ATP and NADPH. Through a process known as photolysis, the chlorophyll molecule regains the lost electron from a water molecule, releasing dioxygen (O2) in the process.
Similarly, in respiration ATP and NADPH are produced for energy storage.
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Which of the following is an accurate description of Batesian mimicry in gorongosa national park
The option that is an accurate description of Batesian mimicry in Gorongosa national park is: "some moths mimic the sound made by other moths to avoid being preyed on by bats" (Option D).
What is Batesian mimicry?Batesian mimicry is a process in which members of palatable species or groups of palatable species receive safety from predation by imitating or replicating the defensive signals of an unpleasant or guarded species or group of defended species.
Batesian mimicry is a type of mimicry in which a harmless species has evolved to replicate a hazardous species' warning signs geared towards a predator of both of them. It is named after the English scientist Henry Walter Bates, who studied butterflies in the Brazilian jungles.
In Batesian mimicry, the mimic gains at the expense of the model (see adaptive value). The mimic is always the organism in Mullerian mimicry, and the model is the universal signal among the mimic species that honestly signals inedibility.
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A population of tree frogs lives in an area that has many types of plants and trees. The skin of most of the frogs is gray, which blends in better with the bark of trees than with the leaves of plants. Some of the frogs have skin that is greener in color, which blends in better with grasses and leaves. Snakes and birds are predators of the frog. Humans have come to the area and are beginning to cut down the trees.
Describe the probability of survival for the tree frogs of each genetic variation of skin color if most of the trees are cut down. Use evidence in the paragraph to support your answer.
Gray and green and red the probability of survival for the tree frogs of each genetic variation of skin color if most of the trees are cut down.
What is meant by genetic variation?The variation in Nucleotide sequence among population members is referred to as genetic diversity. Both soma (all other) cells and germ cells, including sperm and eggs, are prone to change.
What causes genetic variation?Gene variants, sometimes known as mutations, can cause genetic differences, or a normal process wherein the genetic information is rearranged as a cell prepares to divide can also cause genetic variations (known as genetic recombination). Different phenotypes can be introduced into an organism by genetic changes that change gene activity and protein function.
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in leaf cutter ant colonies, the ants clip leaves to feed a fungus garden and then the ants feed on the fungus. is this a mutualistic relationship?
In the leaf cutter ant colony, the ants clip leaves to feed a fungus garden. The ants feed on the fungus, and the fungus provides the ants with a food source. This is a mutualistic relationship because both the ants and the fungus benefit from the relationship.
The ants benefit from the relationship by having a ready supply of food. The fungi benefit from the relationship by having a source of food (the leaves) and a place to live (the garden). The fungi also produce a substance that the ants use to protect their gardens from other fungi.
Without the fungi, the leaf cutter ants would not be able to digest the leaves they eat. Without the leaf cutter ants, the fungi would not have a place to live and would not get the food it needs. Therefore, the relationship between leaf cutter ants and their fungus gardens is mutualistic.
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The animal phyla can be divided into three separate clades based on which characteristic?.
Answer:radially symmetrical, bilaterally symmetrical, and asymmetrical.
Explanation:At a very basic level of classification, true animals can be largely divided into three groups based on the type of symmetry of their body plan: radially symmetrical, bilaterally symmetrical, and asymmetrical. Asymmetry is seen in two modern clades, the Parazoa (Figurea) and Placozoa.
what are the three types of rna required in transcription and translation and what role does each type of rna play in these two processes?
tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA are the three different kinds of RNA. The cytoplasm, where proteins are created, and the nucleus, where DNA is housed, are connected by mRNA.
Protein synthesis involves tRNA and rRNA. Gene regulation and mRNA degradation also require other RNAs.
Genetic data is transported from DNA to ribosomes through mRNA. Proteins and rRNA combine to create ribosomes. Amino acids are added to a developing organism by ribosomes after being transferred to them by tRNA.
The amino acid is transported to the rRNA by the tRNA (transport RNA). The ribosome is made up of rRNA (ribosomal RNA). The amino acids are brought in by the tRNA, and the ribosome assembles the protein in accordance with the instructions contained in the mRNA.
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which of the following nutrients are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein? none of these amino acids fatty acids monoacylglycerols
Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are transported to the liver via hepatic portal vein.
Brief summary the transportation of fatty acids and monoglycerides?Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed by the small intestine's mucosal lining and subsequently enter the epithelial cells. The endoplasmic reticulum is a mechanism inside the cell that performs lipid synthesis and transport. Once inside the cells, free fatty acids and monoglycerides enter this system. In this process, triglycerides are created from the digested products. The primary type of fat that the body stores is called triglycerides. Because of this, the digestion of fat differs from the digestion of proteins and carbs. We can observe that when proteins and carbohydrates are absorbed, their building blocks—amino acids and monosaccharides—pass through the intestinal epithelial cells unaltered. Triglycerides are coated by proteins before to leaving the epithelial cells, which causes in the chylomicron development. The triglyceride is given a water-soluble coat by the protein coating, enabling the chylomicron to exit the cell. The freshly produced chylomicrons exit the epithelial cell and go into the lacteal lymphatic capillaries. The lacteals are located in the villi, which are finger-like protrusions of the intestinal wall. Because lipids travel through the lymphatic system before returning to the bloodstream, the lacteals represent another distinctive method that fats are absorbed. As opposed to amino acids and monosaccharides, which flow directly into blood capillaries and subsequently into the hepatic portal vein, which leads to the liver, fatty acids, enter the lymphatic system during the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates. In the gut, dietary carbs are broken down to produce simple sugar molecules.
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evolutionary biologists have suggested that the symptoms of physiological degeneration that accompany old age in humans are a
Evolutionary biologists have suggested that the symptoms of physiological degeneration that accompany old age in humans are genetically predisposed outcomes.
Corticobasal degeneration is a neurological (brain) disorder. It damages cells to your brain, inflicting elements of it to shrink (atrophy). The ailment’s signs may also first seem on one facet of your body, however ultimately have an effect on each aspects because the ailment progresses. With progression, you progressively lose your capacity to talk, swallow and move. The ailment can also have an effect on different regions of thinking, inclusive of judgment and memory.
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which evidence would best be stored in leakproof plastic containers, such as film canisters? question 19 options: glass soil tools blood
glass soil implements The best way to store blood as evidence is in leak-proof plastic containers like film canisters..
Which way should evidence be packaged correctly?When feasible, supplied evidence must be in sealed containers. The ideal sealing technique is evidence tape. The officer's initials and the date the seal was sealed must be written on the seal. Any evidence that may be subject to forensic biology/DNA analysis requests needs to be handled carefully.
What kind of evidence can be stored in a plastic container?Plastic or paper Wet evidence should be packaged in paper containers (wet evidence can decay if placed inside plastic containers), and dry evidence should be packaged in plastic, according to a general rule of thumb. Cross-contaminated items need to be packaged individually.
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A woman has her personal genome analyzed for the brca1 mutation after learning that her father is heterozygous and carries one mutant allele. What is her chance of inheriting the mutant allele from her father?.
In the scenario described, she has a 50% chance of receiving the mutant gene from her father. A deleterious mutation in the tumour suppressor gene BRCA1 can lead to hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome in both men and women. Breast cancer is the real name for the BRCA gene.
A tumour suppressor gene is BRCA1.
These genes generally prevent breast, ovarian, and other cell types from growing and dividing too quickly or in an uncontrolled manner.
Females who have these gene mutations develop malignant cells.
Regardless of gender, it can be passed on from generation to generation.
Men can acquire these genes.
If a guy has a mutant gene, there is a 50/50 probability that his daughter or any other offspring will also have a mutated gene.
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Which hypothesis suggests that ancestral vertebrates may have evolved from urochordate larvae?.
Garstang's Auricularia hypothesis suggests that ancestral vertebrates may have evolved from urochordate larvae.
What is Garstang's Auricularia?
The auricularia hypothesis, proposed by Garstang was an attempt to explain how the chordate body plan originated from a deuterostome common ancestor by emphasizing the significance of changes in larval forms. According to the Garstang Hypothesis, development of sexual maturity in a non-metamorphosing lineage of tunicates might provide the immediate proto-chordate ancestors of more typical chordates.
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Which model and explanation best represents the semiconservative nature of dna replication?.
Meselson and Stahl experiment best explains the semi conservative mode of DNA replication.
What is the Meselson and Stahl experiment?
Replication is the process of making copies, i.e., duplication.
Meselson and Stahl experiment was the experimental proof for semiconservative mode of DNA replication.
Matthew Meselson and franklin Stahl conducted an experiment in 1958 on E.coli to study DNA replication.
Meselson and stahl took two isotopes of nitrogen (N14 and N15). They cultured E.coli in medium containing the N15 isotope for many generations. So the N15 was incorporated into the bacterial DNA, as a result. Then they used the N14 isotope. After regulars intervals of time, they checked density of DNA.
The first sample with N15 (after 20 mins) had bacterial DNA with intermediate density. The second sample with N14 (after 40 mins) had intermediate and light density DNAs.
Based off their observations, Meselson and Stahl concluded that DNA can replicate semi conservatively.
Therefore, Meselson and Stahl experiment best explains the semi conservative mode of DNA replication.
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what is the minimum altitude to cross clamm intersection while conducting the rnav (gps) rwy 6 approach at roa? a. 5,200 msl. b. 4,300 msl. c. 2,700 msl.
RNAV (GPS) at RWY the minimum altitude to cross the claim intersection when conducting an RWY 6 approach is 4,300 MSL.
Pilots are allowed to utilize a variety of area navigation tools, including GPS, but it is not necessary. They allow particular VOR/DME RNAV equipment to "move" the VOR virtually a certain DME distance along a documented radial, so creating waypoints on the final approach path.
A system called NAV makes it possible to navigate between any two points without having to fly over any ground-based stations. Satellite-based RNAV systems are collectively referred to as GNSS. The GNSS that the USA manages is called GPS. Other examples include Galileo by the EU and GLONASS by Russia.
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occasional brief periods of stress: group of answer choices are harmful only if they are triggered by anger. have no negative consequences for the organism. boost the activity of the immune system. are harmful to an organism.
Occasional brief periods of stress: boost the activity of the immune system.
Short-term stress can boost the immune system because it prepares the organism's body to deal with the challenges that can be mental, physical or physiological. The stress can trigger the survival instinct of the organism which in turn boosts the immune system.
Immune system is comprised of cells, tissues and organs that all function together to protect the body against foreign invaders. The main cells involved in the immune system are the white blood cells. Along with these other constituents of immune system are the organs like bone marrow, spleen, various proteins like antibodies, etc.
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explain how bones are classified by shape
What part of the brain is most important for yenay to recognize and name the new food?.
Arthur is 4 years old and can clearly indicate that two containers of the same size, filled to the same level, hold the same amount of liquid. However, when the liquid from one of the containers is poured into another that is skinnier and taller, arthur indicates that this new container now holds more liquid than the other. What principle has he failed to understand?.
Arthur illustrates that this new container now holds more liquid than the other when the liquid from one of the containers is put into another that is skinnier and taller. He was unable to grasp conservation.
Which of these best describes the "systems level" measure?Cross-sectional research studies compile data from a large number of participants who are the same age and compare them to participants who are at a different age and, consequently, at a different stage of development.
This requires preserving the planet's natural resources so that they will be accessible to next generations, for instance through preventing habitat destruction and overexploitation. By keeping organisms from going extinct or dying out, conservation increases the richness of ecosystems. So, for the right reasons, researchers are concerned about conservation.
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the many microorganisms that live in close association with humans are termed normal human microbiota or
The many microorganisms that live in close association with humans are termed normal human microbiota or microflora.
The human microbiota includes the 10-100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells harbored with the aid of using every person, on the whole micro organism withinside the gut; the human microbiome includes the genes those cells harbor.
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