When parties are unable or unwilling to meet together, the most appropriate conflict resolution process is arbitration.
Arbitration is a process where a neutral third party, called an arbitrator, listens to the arguments of both parties and makes a decision that is binding on both parties. It is often used when the parties cannot reach a resolution through negotiation or mediation. Conciliation involves a neutral third party facilitating communication between the parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable resolution. Transformative mediation aims to empower the parties to make their own decisions and improve their relationship. Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm caused by the conflict and restoring relationships. However, when parties are unable or unwilling to meet, the decision-making power must lie with a neutral third party, making arbitration the most appropriate option.
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2.5 E Dr J Hall published a book in 2022 titled "South African Legal Skills". You are writing an essay and you rely on page 50 of the book. Which of the following is the correct way to reference this in a footnote? is a. J Hall South African Legal Skills (2022) 50 b. Dr Hall South African Legal Skills (2022) 50 c. Hall South African Legal Skills (2022) 50 d. Hall South African Legal Skills 50 (2022) N [2]
The correct way to reference is option A: J Hall South African Legal Skills (2022) 50.
The right method for referring to page 50 of Dr J Lobby's book, "South African Lawful Abilities", in a commentary relies upon the referring to style being utilized. Notwithstanding, a typical methodology is to utilize the writer's family name, the book's title, the page number, and the distribution year.
In light of this, choice A, "J Lobby South African Legitimate Abilities (2022) 50," would be the right method for referring to page 50 of the book in a reference. This is on the grounds that it incorporates the writer's family name, the book's full title, the page number, and the extended period of distribution.
Choice B, "Dr Lobby South African Lawful Abilities (2022) 50," isn't liked as it incorporates the creator's title, which isn't regularly remembered for references.
Choice C, "Lobby South African Legitimate Abilities (2022) 50," might be adequate in some referring to styles, yet it does exclude the creator's most memorable starting, which might create turmoil in the event that there are different creators with a similar family name.
Choice D, "Corridor South African Lawful Abilities 50 (2022) N [2]," is mistaken as it doesn't adhere to the guideline reference design and incorporates a pointless shortened form and organized data.
Generally speaking, it is vital to check the particular referring to style guide being utilized to guarantee legitimate reference organizing.
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how does a court get personal jurisdiction over a plaintiff? when the plaintiff files a
which political faction demanded that freedom of the press be amended to the u.s. constitution?
The demand to include freedom of the press in the U.S. Constitution came primarily from the Anti-Federalist faction during the ratification process.
The Anti-Federalists were concerned that without a specific protection for the press, the federal government would have too much power to suppress dissenting voices and limit public access to information.
In contrast, the Federalists argued that the proposed Constitution already contained sufficient safeguards for individual liberties and that a separate protection for the press was unnecessary.
One of the most prominent Anti-Federalists who advocated for freedom of the press was George Mason, a Virginia delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Mason proposed a bill of rights that included a provision protecting "the freedom of the press."
Similarly, the Virginia Ratifying Convention, where the Constitution was debated and ultimately ratified, proposed several amendments to the document, including one that explicitly protected the freedom of the press.
Despite the initial resistance from the Federalists, the demand for a bill of rights, including the protection of the press, gained momentum throughout the country.
James Madison, one of the primary authors of the Constitution, ultimately came around to the idea and proposed a set of amendments that included the freedom of the press. These amendments were ultimately ratified in 1791 as the Bill of Rights.
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Ignoring commission, 250 shares of Kim's Kandies (KKS) were purchased for $10,850 at the close for the week. Calculate the close price for the week. Then find the quarterly dividend payment per share if the annual amount paid was $29.60.
The quarterly dividend payment per share for KKS is $0.0296. To calculate the close price for the week, we need to divide the total purchase price by the number of shares purchased. Therefore, the close price for the week is: $10,850 / 250 shares = $43.40 per share
Now, to find the quarterly dividend payment per share, we first need to calculate the dividend per share for the year. We know that the annual amount paid is $29.60, so:
Dividend per share = Annual amount paid / Number of shares
Dividend per share = $29.60 / 250 shares
Dividend per share = $0.1184
To find the quarterly dividend payment per share, we simply divide the dividend per share by 4:
Quarterly dividend payment per share = Dividend per share / 4
Quarterly dividend payment per share = $0.1184 / 4
Quarterly dividend payment per share = $0.0296
Therefore, the quarterly dividend payment per share for KKS is $0.0296.
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Politicians from modest backgrounds tended to support which of the following reforms in the 1810s?
a. Tax increases for the rich
b. Restrictions on imprisonment for debt
c. Mandatory military service for young men
d. Limited suffrage for women
Option (b), Politicians from modest backgrounds tended to support restrictions on imprisonment for debt in the 1810s.
In the 1810s, many politicians from modest backgrounds were concerned with the issue of debt and the harsh penalties that often came with it. Many people who fell into debt, particularly those from lower classes, were often imprisoned until they were able to pay off their debts. This practice was seen as unfair and unjust by many politicians from modest backgrounds, who themselves may have had personal experience with debt and its consequences.
As a result, many of these politicians tended to support reforms that would restrict or eliminate the practice of imprisoning people for debt. This could include measures such as capping the amount of time a person could be imprisoned for debt, or providing alternative methods of debt repayment that did not involve incarceration. While there were certainly politicians from other backgrounds who also supported such reforms, it was particularly common among those who came from more modest backgrounds and were thus more likely to have personal experience with debt and its effects.
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the passage of the lend-lease bill in 1941 signaled what about american opinion?
The passage of the lend-lease bill in 1941 signaled a shift in American opinion towards greater support for involvement in World War II.
The bill allowed the United States to provide military aid to Allied countries without actually joining the war effort. This move was seen as a way to assist the Allies in their fight against Nazi Germany and protect American interests without directly engaging in combat.
The lend-lease bill reflected a growing recognition among Americans that the war in Europe and Asia posed a threat to US national security. Prior to the bill's passage, there had been a strong isolationist sentiment in the US, with many Americans wary of getting involved in foreign conflicts. However, the fall of France in 1940 and the continued aggression of Nazi Germany convinced many Americans that the US could not afford to remain neutral. The lend-lease bill was seen as a compromise between those who wanted to aid the Allies and those who wanted to stay out of the war. While it did not commit the US to fighting, it allowed the country to provide much-needed support to its allies and paved the way for greater involvement in the conflict down the line. Overall, the lend-lease bill was a significant turning point in American opinion towards WWII, marking the beginning of a shift towards greater interventionism and support for the Allies.
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a court can exercise jurisdiction over property located that is located within its boundaries.
T/F
True. A court can exercise jurisdiction over property located within its boundaries. This concept is known as "in rem jurisdiction," which allows a court to make decisions regarding property within its territorial limits, even if the property owner is not physically present in the jurisdiction.
Yes, a court can exercise jurisdiction over property located within its boundaries. This is known as in rem jurisdiction, where the court has authority over the property itself rather than the people involved in the case. In some cases, a court may also have in personam jurisdiction, which means authority over the individuals involved in the case. However, in rem jurisdiction is particularly relevant in cases involving property disputes or when a person is seeking to claim ownership of a piece of property.
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the marijuana tax act, the first federal law regulating cannabis, was passed in 1937 T/F
True. The Marijuana Tax Act was passed in 1937 and was the first federal law to regulate cannabis. This act imposed a tax on the sale and transfer of marijuana, effectively making it illegal without proper authorization.
While the act did not make marijuana completely illegal, it made it extremely difficult to obtain legally and paved the way for further regulation and criminalization of cannabis in the United States. The Marijuana Tax Act was eventually replaced by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, which classified marijuana as a Schedule I drug, meaning it has a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.
True, the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 was the first federal law regulating cannabis in the United States. It aimed to control the production, distribution, and consumption of marijuana by imposing a tax on these activities. Although it did not criminalize cannabis directly, the act effectively restricted its use by imposing hefty taxes and penalties for non-compliance. This legislation was mainly driven by concerns over the drug's potential negative effects on society and health. Over time, more stringent laws replaced the act, leading to the current federal prohibition on cannabis.
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what are the three types of due process rights guaranteed to all u.s. citizens?
most federal probation officers may carry a firearm for defensive purposes while on duty.
T/F
Answer:
True
While probation officers are not required to carry firearms, most of them do. Generally they will just need to have a guns license and pass weapons safety tests and psychological testing.
All probation and parole officers have the powers to arrest, and in the face of increasingly dangerous criminals most officers prefer to carry a gun for self defense.
If a suspect refuses to participate in a lineup, he or she can be ______.
If a suspect refuses to participate in a lineup, he or she can be compelled to participate through a court order.
The court may order the suspect to participate in the lineup if the prosecution can show that the lineup is necessary for the investigation and that the suspect's participation is essential for the lineup's reliability.
The U.S. Constitution's Fifth Amendment provides the right to remain silent and protection against self-incrimination. Therefore, a suspect has the right to refuse to participate in a lineup. However, if the prosecution wants the suspect to participate, they can seek a court order compelling the suspect to participate.
The court will weigh the suspect's Fifth Amendment rights against the need for the lineup's reliability and the necessity of the lineup for the investigation. If the court determines that the lineup is necessary and that the suspect's participation is essential for the lineup's reliability, it may order the suspect to participate.
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A criterion used by courts to screen cases that no longer require resolution is known as
a. standing.
b. certiorari.
c. mootness.
d. clarity.
The criterion used by courts to screen cases that no longer require resolution is known as mootness. Therefore Option C. Mootness would be the correct answer.
Mootness refers to a situation where the issues presented in a case are no longer relevant or have become hypothetical. When a case is deemed moot, it means that there is no longer a live controversy for the court to decide upon.
Courts typically dismiss moot cases because they lack the power to provide meaningful relief or guidance. Mootness is an important concept in the judicial system as it ensures that courts focus on resolving actual disputes and prevents them from issuing advisory opinions on abstract or hypothetical matters.
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.Which of the following does the U.S. law and OECD convention allow as an exception?
A. Bribing a foreign government official to obtain a contract
B. Failure to keep records that would reveal if a violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices act has occurred
C. Grease payments or speed money
D. Private action
E. Breach of the rule of law
what factor should a plaintiff consider when deciding which interference tort applies to a situation? if the defendant has formed a relationship with the third party. if the defendant has signed a contract with the third party. if the plaintiff had a contract with another party who breached the contract. if the plaintiff and the defendant had signed a contract.
The plaintiff should consider the specific facts and circumstances of the situation to determine which interference tort applies.
There are different types of interference torts, including interference with prospective economic advantage, interference with contractual relations, and interference with business relations. Each type of tort has specific elements that must be proven by the plaintiff.
If the defendant has formed a relationship with the third party, the plaintiff may need to show that the defendant intentionally interfered with the plaintiff's prospective economic advantage. If the defendant has signed a contract with the third party, the plaintiff may need to show that the defendant interfered with the plaintiff's contractual relations.
If the plaintiff had a contract with another party who breached the contract, the plaintiff may need to show that the defendant knowingly induced the breach of contract. If the plaintiff and the defendant had signed a contract, the plaintiff may need to show that the defendant breached the contract or interfered with the plaintiff's business relations.
Ultimately, the plaintiff should consult with a legal expert to determine the best course of action based on the specific circumstances of their case.
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Both negative reinforcement and punishment weaken behavior (i.e., decrease its frequency).
T OR F
It is absolutely True that the Both negative reinforcement and punishment are designed to decrease the frequency of a behavior.
Negative reinforcement involves removing a negative stimulus when a desired behavior occurs, thus increasing the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. Punishment, on the other hand, involves introducing a negative consequence when an undesired behavior occurs, with the goal of decreasing the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future.
While both methods can be effective in reducing unwanted behaviors, it is important to note that punishment can also have negative side effects such as increased aggression and fear, and should be used carefully and sparingly.
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Normally, a member who dissociates from a limited liability company (LLC) has the right to force the LLC to dissolve. true or false?
False. A member who dissociates from an LLC does not automatically have the right to force the LLC to dissolve. The remaining members may choose to continue operating the business. The dissociated member may have specific rights and obligations outlined in the LLC's operating agreement or determined by state laws.
While a dissociating member may have certain rights and obligations, they do not have the right to force the LLC to dissolve. The operating agreement of the LLC may provide for certain procedures and restrictions related to dissociation and dissolution. Additionally, state law may also have specific provisions related to the dissociation and dissolution of LLCs. It is important for members to review the operating agreement and applicable state laws to understand their rights and obligations in these situations.
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the _____ holds that governments have the right to rule themselves as they see fit.
The principle of sovereignty holds that governments have the right to rule themselves as they see fit.
The principle of sovereignty is a fundamental principle of international law and political philosophy that asserts that each state has the right to govern itself without interference from external actors. This means that governments have the ultimate authority and control over their own territory, resources, and citizens, and are free to make their own decisions regarding issues such as law, policy, and diplomacy. The principle of sovereignty is often seen as a key aspect of statehood, and is enshrined in the United Nations Charter as one of the core principles of international relations. While there are debates about the exact scope and limits of sovereignty, it remains a crucial concept for understanding the nature of modern states and their relationship to the international system.
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which political philosopher once wrote that america was "a nation of joiners"?
The political philosopher who once wrote that America was "a nation of joiners" is Alexis de Tocqueville.
What does it have?In his book, "Democracy in America," Tocqueville observed that Americans had a strong propensity to form associations and join together for common purposes.
He believed that this tendency was a result of American individualism and the need for individuals to come together to achieve their goals in a democratic society.
Tocqueville noted that these associations could range from religious groups to political organizations and were a significant factor in the development and success of American democracy.
In essence, Tocqueville recognized the strength of American society lay in its citizens' willingness to come together and work towards shared objectives.
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hate crimes are not separate and distinct crimes but are offenses that are motivated by
Hate crimes are not separate and distinct crimes but are offenses that are motivated by bias or prejudice against a particular group or individual. These crimes can be committed against people because of their race, religion, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or disability. Hate crimes can include physical assault, harassment, vandalism, or other forms of intimidation. The motivation behind these crimes is to intimidate, terrorize, or harm individuals or entire communities based on their perceived differences. Hate crimes are particularly heinous because they not only harm the immediate victim but also send a message of fear and intolerance to others who share the same characteristics. The legal system recognizes hate crimes as an aggravating factor in determining the severity of a sentence. It is important to combat hate crimes by raising awareness, educating people about diversity, and promoting tolerance and respect for all individuals.
Hate crimes are not separate and distinct crimes but are offenses that are motivated by bias or prejudice against certain groups.
In addition to harming the individual victim these crimes frequently send a message of intolerance and hatred to the entire group that the victim represents. This is why people frequently view these crimes as being especially heinous.
Many nations have laws in place that provide for harsher punishments for offenses motivated by bias or hatred because hate crimes are seen as a serious problem in many parts of the world.
These laws are meant to serve as a warning that this behavior won't be tolerated and as a deterrent to others who might be thinking about committing similar offenses. Because they are driven by bias and prejudice hate crimes are in fact distinct from other types of crimes.
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Which of the following most accurately describes the number of people in U.S. prisons?
Because of the excellent job the prisons are doing in rehabilitating inmates, the number of people incarcerated in the
United States continues to decline.
Because many activities have been decriminalized, the number of people incarcerated in U.S. prisons is at an all-time low.
The United States has more people in prison than other countries, but it has a larger population than other countries.
The United States has the highest incarceration rate per capita in the world.
The most accurate description of the number of people in U.S. prisons is that the United States has the highest incarceration rate per capita in the world.
This means that, in proportion to its population, the United States has more people in prison than any other country. While the number of people incarcerated in the United States has slightly decreased, this is not solely due to successful rehabilitation programs, but also due to changes in criminal justice policies. Decriminalization of certain activities may have played a role, but it is not the main reason for the decline in the number of people incarcerated. Overall, the United States continues to have a significant number of people in its prison system.
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What are the four broad types of departments and agencies for which federal employees work?
a. federal departments, state departments, independent agencies, and independent regulatory commissions
b. departments, cabinets, independent agencies, and independent regulatory commissions
c. departments, administrations, independent agencies, and independent regulatory commissions
d. departments, independent stand-alone agencies, independent regulatory commissions, and government corporations
e. federal departments, state departments, agencies, and government corporations
The correct answer is d. departments, independent stand-alone agencies, independent regulatory commissions, and government corporations are the four broad types of departments and agencies for which federal employees work.
Federal departments are the major executive branch organizations responsible for specific policy areas, such as the Department of Defense, Department of Education, and Department of Health and Human Services.
Independent stand-alone agencies are entities created by Congress to address specific concerns and are not part of a larger department. Examples include the Central Intelligence Agency, Environmental Protection Agency, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Independent regulatory commissions are quasi-judicial bodies that regulate various aspects of the economy, such as the Federal Communications Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission, and Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Government corporations are businesses owned and operated by the federal government, such as the United States Postal Service and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
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what was the principle factor that shaped the punishment of criminals in the sixteenth century?
The principal factor that shaped the punishment of criminals in the sixteenth century was the belief in deterrence and retribution.
The prevailing belief was that punishment should be severe and harsh in order to deter others from committing crimes.
Additionally, there was a strong sense of retribution, and punishment was seen as a way to exact revenge for the harm done by the criminal. This led to the use of brutal forms of punishment such as execution, branding, and public flogging. The goal was to make the punishment so severe that it would discourage others from engaging in criminal activity.
Retribution was the idea that punishment should be equal to the harm caused by the offense and that the offender should suffer as much as the victim did. This meant that punishments were often severe and brutal, and included things like torture, mutilation, and execution.
The idea was that the harshness of the punishment would deter others from committing crimes, and would also satisfy the desire for revenge felt by the victim and society as a whole. The concept of retribution was eventually replaced by the idea of rehabilitation, which focuses on reforming offenders and helping them to become productive members of society.
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Under Article 2 of the UCC, why does it matter whether a party to a contract is a merchant?
1) It is the test for applying Article 2 of the UCC.
2) Merchants sometimes are treated differently than other parties.
3) All contracts in which one or both parties are merchants are handled under Article 2A of the UCC.
4) Article 2 does not concern itself with cases regarding the transactions of goods.
Under Article 2 of the UCC, it matters whether a party to a contract is a merchant because it is the test for applying Article 2 of the UCC.
Article 2 of the UCC deals with the sale of goods and applies only to contracts involving the sale of goods between merchants or between a merchant and a non-merchant. Merchants are sometimes treated differently than other parties because they are assumed to have more experience and knowledge in the sale of goods. All contracts in which one or both parties are merchants are handled under Article 2 of the UCC. Article 2 does concern itself with cases regarding the transactions of goods and sets forth specific rules and requirements for such transactions, including warranties, delivery, and payment terms. Therefore, understanding the status of the parties involved as merchants or non-merchants is essential in determining the applicability of Article 2 of the UCC.
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In carrying out responsibilities of the court, judges mainly react to the work of prosecutors and...?
In carrying out responsibilities of the court, judges mainly react to the work of prosecutors and defense attorneys.
While prosecutors present evidence and argue for the defendant's guilt, defense attorneys argue for their innocence. Judges must weigh the arguments and evidence presented by both sides in order to make an informed decision. Additionally, judges must also interpret and apply the law impartially in order to ensure a fair and just trial. Ultimately, judges play a critical role in upholding the rule of law and ensuring that justice is served.
In carrying out responsibilities of the court, judges mainly react to the work of prosecutors and defense attorneys. These legal professionals present their respective cases and arguments, which judges then evaluate to ensure a fair and just trial process.
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proslavery elements in kansas manipulated the statutes of the kansas-nebraska act by:
Proslavery elements in Kansas manipulated the statutes of the Kansas-Nebraska Act by exploiting the provision of "popular sovereignty" to push for the establishment of a proslavery government in the territory.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which had prohibited slavery in the territories north of 36° 30′ latitude. Instead, the act established the principle of "popular sovereignty," which allowed settlers in the territories to decide for themselves whether to allow or prohibit slavery. Proslavery elements in Kansas, led by the Democratic Party and supported by President Franklin Pierce, saw this as an opportunity to establish Kansas as a slave state.
They began a campaign of voter fraud and intimidation, importing proslavery settlers from neighboring Missouri to tip the balance in their favor. They also established a territorial government that favored their interests, passing proslavery laws and suppressing the rights of antislavery settlers. This led to a series of violent conflicts, including the infamous Bleeding Kansas episode, in which proslavery and antislavery factions clashed in a bloody struggle for control of the territory.
Ultimately, the proslavery elements were defeated by the antislavery forces, and Kansas was admitted to the Union as a free state in 1861. However, the legacy of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the manipulation of popular sovereignty by proslavery forces helped to fuel the growing tensions between North and South that eventually led to the outbreak of the Civil War.
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under which marital form can a woman have several husbands at the same time?
There is no commonly accepted marital form that allows a woman to have several husbands at the same time. While there are some societies and cultures that practice polyandry, which is the practice of a woman having multiple husbands, it is not a widely accepted form of marriage.
In most cultures and societies, monogamy, which is the practice of having one spouse at a time, is the prevailing marital form. Historically, polygyny, which is the practice of a man having multiple wives, has been more prevalent and accepted in many cultures. This may be due to factors such as a desire for male heirs, a need for economic support from multiple sources, or a societal belief in the superiority of men.
However, it is important to note that cultural and societal attitudes towards marriage and family structures are constantly evolving, and there may be some societies or communities that practice polyandry or other non-traditional forms of marriage.
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Which of the following is the most likely reason for an auditor to issue an adverse opinion?
a. Inability to gather any sufficient relevant information to form the basis for the opinion b. Misstatements that are material and pervasive c. Going concern issue d. Misstatements that are material but not pervasive
The most likely reason for an auditor to issue an adverse opinion is misstatements that are material and pervasive.
This means that the misstatements are significant enough to impact the financial statements as a whole and are not isolated to just one area. If the auditor is unable to gather sufficient relevant information to form an opinion, they would issue a disclaimer of opinion. If there is a going concern issue, the auditor would issue a qualified or an adverse opinion depending on the severity of the issue. If there are misstatements that are material but not pervasive, the auditor would issue a qualified opinion.
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which of the following are examples of rehabilitative justice (choose all that apply)?
Examples of rehabilitative justice is entering a work training program after being released from prison
What is rehabilitative justiceRehabilitative justice is an approach to criminal justice that emphasizes the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders back into society, rather than solely punishing them for their crimes.
The goal of rehabilitative justice is to help offenders address the underlying causes of their criminal behavior, such as addiction, mental health issues, or lack of education or job skills, in order to reduce the likelihood of recidivism.
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What is definition of norm
Answer:
In social relations, a legal norm is defined as a rule that is fixed in law sources that determine the standard of acceptable behaviour or its consequences for violation, whose effective enforcement is guaranteed by the state.
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in the lincoln-douglas debates, what view did stephen douglas take? group of answer choices douglas believed that the national government should have the final say on whether a state was slave or free. if each state, slave or free, worried only about its own status, then there should be harmony. if slavery could be extended to the pacific, then manifest destiny could be achieved. douglas stated slavery was wrong but should not be abolished.
