Management by objectives (MBO) is a performance appraisal approach that focuses on setting specific goals and objectives for employees and evaluating their performance based on the achievement of those goals. It involves a collaborative process between managers and employees, where goals are established, progress is monitored, and feedback is provided.
MBO directly links an employee's performance appraisal to the attainment of predetermined objectives. The evaluation is based on the extent to which the employee has met or exceeded the established goals. This approach allows for a clear and objective assessment of an employee's performance in relation to the expected outcomes.
While traits, behaviors, and possession of technical knowledge and skills are important factors in evaluating an employee's overall performance, they may not be directly tied to the achievement of specific goals. Traits such as attitude and initiative, and behaviors such as leadership role and teamwork, are valuable aspects of an employee's overall performance, but they may not provide a direct measure of goal attainment.
On the other hand, MBO provides a structured framework for assessing goal achievement, allowing managers to evaluate employees based on their ability to meet performance targets. It promotes a results-oriented approach, where employees are accountable for their outcomes and their performance is aligned with organizational objectives.
Therefore, out of the given options, "Management by objectives" is directly related to an appraisal of an employee's achievement of goals.
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Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below. Ramer and Knox began a partnership by investing $60,000 and $90,000, respectively. During its first year, the partnership earned $160,000. Prepare calculations showing how the $160,000 income is allocated under each separate plan for sharing income and loss. 1. The partners did not agree on a plan, and therefore share income equally, Ramer Knox Required information (The following information applies to the questions displayed below.) Ramer and Knox began a partnership by investing $60,000 and $90,000, respectively. 2. The partners agreed to share income and loss in proportion to their initial investments. Net income is $160,000. (DO intermediate calculations.) Total Income Allocated Fraction to Allocate Knox's Share of Knox Income Ramer's Share of Income Fraction to Allocate Ramer 0 Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.) Ramer and Knox began a partnership by investing $60,000 and $90,000, respectively. 3. The partners agreed to share income by giving a $50,000 per year salary allowance to Ramer, a $40,000 per year salary allowance to Knox, 10% interest on their initial capital investments, and the remaining balance shared equally. Net income is $160,000. (Enter all allowances as positive values. Enter losses as negative values.) Ramer Total Knox 0 0 0 Net Income Salary allowances Interest allowances Total salary and interest Balance of income Balance allocated equally Balance of income Shares of the partners 0 0 $ $
Ramer and Knox did not agree on a sharing plan, so they split the income equally: Knox's Share of Income = $80,000; Ramer's Share of Income = $80,000.
Under each separate plan for sharing income and loss, prepare calculations showing how the $160,000 income is allocated. The partners agreed to share income and loss in proportion to their initial investments, with intermediate calculations. Net Income = $160,000;Total Initial Investments = $60,000 + $90,000 = $150,000; Fraction of Income to Allocate to Ramer = $60,000/$150,000 = 2/5; Fraction of Income to Allocate to Knox = $90,000/$150,000 = 3/5; Knox's Share of Income = $160,000 x 3/5 = $96,000; Ramer's Share of Income = $160,000 x 2/5 = $64,000.3. The partners agreed to share income by giving a $50,000 per year salary allowance to Ramer, a $40,000 per year salary allowance to Knox, 10% interest on their initial capital investments, and the remaining balance shared equally. Net Income = $160,000;Ramers Total Salary Allowance = $50,000; Knox's Total Salary Allowance = $40,000;Total Initial Investments = $60,000 + $90,000 = $150,000;Ramer's Interest Allowance = $60,000 x 0.10 = $6,000;Knox's Interest Allowance = $90,000 x 0.10 = $9,000;Total Salary and Interest Allowances = $50,000 + $40,000 + $6,000 + $9,000 = $105,000;Balance of Income = $160,000 - $105,000 = $55,000;Balance Allocated Equally = $55,000/2 = $27,500;Ramer's Total Income = $50,000 + $6,000 + $27,500 = $83,500;Knox's Total Income = $40,000 + $9,000 + $27,500 = $76,500. The Shares of the partners are: Ramer = $83,500, and Knox = $76,500.
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Question B2: Brighton and Hove Albion generated ticket sales of £15,000,000 from its home matches in the 2018/19 season. Assume the University of Sussex expanded its undergraduate intake by 1,500 students in the corresponding academic year, with each student paying £9,200 per year. On the basis of these two revenue streams, which of these two organizations is likely to generate more additional economic activity in the local Brighton economy? Explain your answer and outline clearly any assumptions you make in undertaking your analysis. [10 marks]
Based on the given information, the University of Sussex is likely to generate more additional economic activity in the local Brighton economy compared to Brighton and Hove Albion football club.
The University of Sussex's expansion of undergraduate intake by 1,500 students brings in an additional revenue of £9,200 per student per year, resulting in a total revenue of £13,800,000 (£9,200 × 1,500). This increase in student enrollment leads to various economic activities within the local economy. It creates a demand for housing, as these students would require accommodation, leading to an increase in rental income for landlords and potential investments in the housing market.
In contrast, Brighton and Hove Albion's ticket sales of £15,000,000 primarily represent the revenue generated from home matches. While this revenue contributes to the local economy through spending on match-day activities, such as food, beverages, and merchandise, it is limited to specific game days and may not have the same sustained impact as the continuous presence of additional students.
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True or False: To double an investment at an interest rate of
15% compounded annually, it will take almost 5 years.
Answer:
correct
Explanation:
yes well done bro
The statement: "To double an investment at an interest rate of 15% compounded annually, it will take almost 5 years." is a true statement.
What is compounding?Compounding is the process of earning interest on interest. It is a way to generate more money and makes your investment grow faster. It is also called reinvesting.
What is doubling time?The amount of time it takes for the principal investment to double in value is called the doubling time.
How to find the doubling time using the Rule of 72?The Rule of 72 is used to determine how long it would take for an investment to double in value. The formula for the rule of 72 is:
Doubling Time = 72 / Interest rate per period
Now that we have the formula for finding the doubling time, we can substitute the given values in the formula to find out how long it will take to double an investment at a rate of 15% compounded annually.
Given, Interest Rate (r) = 15% per annum
Using the formula, Doubling Time = 72 / Interest rate per period
We can calculate the doubling time as:
Doubling Time = 72 / 15%Doubling Time = 4.8 years
Hence, doubling an investment at an interest rate of 15% compounded annually, it will take almost 5 years.
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An investor has $500,000 and wishes to invest it in one of two investment alternatives, namely ?
An investor has $500,000 and wishes to invest it in one of two investment alternatives. The two investment alternatives that the investor can choose from are:
A). A mutual fund that has an expected annual rate of return of 12%.
B). A small business venture that has an expected annual rate of return of 25%.
As the investor has two investment options and he wants to select one that will yield him the highest returns. But as every investment has its own risk and reward factor so the investor has to be very careful in analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of both investment alternatives and then only he should select the one that will suit his objectives the most.However, if we see from the expected rate of return point of view, then investing in the small business venture can earn the investor a higher expected annual rate of return of 25% as compared to the mutual fund which has an expected annual rate of return of 12%.But at the same time, the small business venture involves a higher risk factor than investing in a mutual fund.
The investor has to bear many uncertainties in terms of the success or failure of the business venture and also there is the probability of losing his entire investment in case the venture fails. Therefore, investing in a small business venture can yield higher returns, but it is riskier than investing in a mutual fund.
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TRUE / FALSE. Not properly giving credit to the sources used in your work, even when paraphrasing, is considered plagiarism and can result in not only a "0" for that assignment, but an "F" in the course. True False
It is important to give credit to the sources used in your work and avoiding plagiarism, even when paraphrasing.
The statement "Not properly giving credit to the sources used in your work, even when paraphrasing, is considered plagiarism and can result in not only a '0' for that assignment, but an 'F' in the course" is true.What is plagiarism?Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty that occurs when someone submits someone else's work as their own without properly attributing it. Any piece of writing or data that has been written or created by another person or organization should be properly credited.The importance of crediting sources. Properly crediting sources is a crucial component of academic work. When someone uses someone else's work, they must provide the original author credit. Not providing proper credit is not only unethical, but it can also lead to consequences like failing a course, earning a zero for an assignment, and potentially even expulsion.Paraphrasing,Paraphrasing involves taking information or ideas from a source and rephrasing them in your own words. Paraphrasing does not excuse you from the requirement to attribute the original source. You must still cite the original source, even if you have rephrased the information or ideas in your own words.Therefore, it is important to give credit to the sources used in your work and avoiding plagiarism, even when paraphrasing.
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10 $64226 Question 2 (1 point) ✔ Saved The bonds of Kirk & Nat Robinson, Inc. carry a 10% annual coupon, have a $1,000 face value, and mature in five years. Bonds of equivalent risk yield 7%. What is the market value of the bonds? O1,087.25 O$1.101.62 $1,095.66 O$1.123.01 $1,011.20 Question 3 (1 point) ✓ Saved Octagon, M.D., Inc., offers a 7.5% coupon bond that matures in 9 years. The bond pour internet combanually. What is the market price of a $1,000 face value bond if
The market price of a $1,000 face value bond is $1,026.84.
10 $64226 Question 2 Saved The bonds of Kirk & Nat Robinson, Inc. carry a 10% annual coupon, have a $1,000 face value, and mature in five years. Bonds of equivalent risk yield 7%. O1,087.25 O$1.101.62 $1,095.66 O$1.123.01 $1,011.20Solution:Given data: Annual Coupon rate = 10%Face value of the bond = $1,000. Number of years to maturity = 5 years Yield to maturity = 7%Market Value of the bond = ?The bond price formula is, P = C x (1 - (1+i)^-n)/i + FV/(1+i)^n Where, P = Market price of the bond C = Annual Coupon rate FV = Face value of the bond i = Yield to maturity n = Number of years to maturity Putting the values in the formula, we get, P = 100 x (1 - (1+7%)^-5)/7% + 1000/(1+7%)^5= $1,095.66Therefore, the market value of the bonds is $1,095.66. Question 3 (1 point) ✓ Saved Octagon, M.D., Inc., offers a 7.5% coupon bond that matures in 9 years. The bond pour internet combanually. Given data: Annual Coupon rate = 7.5%Face value of the bond = $1,000Number of years to maturity = 9 years Yield to maturity = 8%Market Value of the bond = ?The bond price formula is, P = C x (1 - (1+i)^-n)/i + FV/(1+i)^n Where, P = Market price of the bond C = Annual Coupon rate FV = Face value of the bond i = Yield to maturity n = Number of years to maturity Putting the values in the formula, we get, P = 75 x (1 - (1+8%)^-9)/8% + 1000/(1+8%)^9= $1,026.84. Therefore, the market price of a $1,000 face value bond is $1,026.84.
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Examine the following statements and determine if they are normative or positive in nature. Explain your answer. a. Bitcoins are overvalued. b. The level of public debt in the US is unsustainable. c. The CPI index rose 5.4% for the 12 months ending in July 2021.
In the given examples, statements a and b express opinions and value judgments, making them normative, while statement c provides an objective fact, making it positive.
a. The statement "Bitcoins are overvalued" is normative because it expresses an opinion or subjective judgment about the value of bitcoins. It reflects a personal belief or evaluation rather than a verifiable fact.
b. The statement "The level of public debt in the US is unsustainable" is normative as it expresses a judgment about the desirability or feasibility of the current level of public debt. It involves value judgments and subjective opinions about what is considered sustainable.
c. The statement "The CPI index rose 5.4% for the 12 months ending in July 2021" is positive because it presents a verifiable fact based on objective data. It describes an actual increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) without any value judgments or subjective opinions. It is a statement of what has occurred without expressing any evaluative stance.
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a. What is the equilibrium price?
$
b. If the current price is $7,
(i) What kind of disequilibrium situation results?
(Click to select) Surplus Shortage
(ii) How large is the surplus or shortage?
units
c. If the current price is $2,
(i) What kind of disequilibrium situation results?
(Click to select) Surplus Shortage
(ii) How large is the surplus or shortage?
units
The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded of a good or service equals the quantity supplied in the market. It represents a balance between the demand and supply forces in the market, where there is neither a shortage nor a surplus of the product.
a. The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. It is not provided in the given information, so we cannot determine the equilibrium price.
b. (i) If the current price is $7, a surplus situation results.
(ii) The surplus quantity can only be determined if we know the equilibrium quantity. Since the equilibrium quantity is not given, we cannot determine the exact size of the surplus in units.
c. (i) If the current price is $2, a shortage situation results.
(ii) Similar to the previous case, without the equilibrium quantity, we cannot determine the exact size of the shortage in units.
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During the Pandemic period, some unemployed workers ceased
actively looking for jobs, the revised unemployment rate is
__________ than the original unemployment rate.
A. as same as
B. smaller
C. large
During the pandemic period, some unemployed workers who stopped actively seeking employment are not counted as part of the labor force. As a result, the revised unemployment rate is likely to be smaller than the original unemployment rate.
The unemployment rate is typically calculated by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by the total labor force (which includes both employed and unemployed individuals actively seeking work).
However, during the pandemic, some unemployed individuals may have become discouraged and stopped actively looking for jobs due to various reasons such as limited job opportunities, health concerns, or the unavailability of certain industries. These individuals are considered out of the labor force and are not included in the calculation of the unemployment rate.
As a result, the revised unemployment rate, which considers only those actively seeking employment, is likely to be smaller than the original unemployment rate that includes all unemployed individuals. This adjustment reflects the decrease in the labor force participation rate due to individuals withdrawing from actively seeking employment during the pandemic.
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Appendix A, the appropriate calculations on the Garman/Forque companion website, or a financial calculator, calculate the ing: a. The amount a person would need to deposit today to be able to withdraw $6,000 each year for ten years from an account eaming 5 percent. Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar. Round Present Value of Series of Equal Amounts in intermediate calculations to four decimal places. b. A person is offered a gift of $4,700 now or $8,000 five years from now. If such funds could be expected to earn 6 percent over the next five years, which is the better choice? Round Future Value of a Single Amount in Intermediate calculations to four decimal places. -Select- c. A person wants to have $1,000 available to spend on an overseas trip four years from now. If such funds could be expected to earn 6 percent, how much should be invested in a lump sum to realize the $1,000 when needed? Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar. Round Present Value of a Single Amount in intermediate calculations to four decimal places. $ d. A person invests $50,000 in an investment that earns 6 percent. If $5,964 is withdrawn each year, how many years will it take for the fund to run out? Round to the nearest whole year. Round Present Value of Series of Equal Amounts in intermediate calculations to four decimal places. years
To calculate the amount needed to deposit today to be able to withdraw $6,000 each year for ten years from an account earning 5 percent, we can use the Present Value of Series of Equal Amounts formula.
PV = PMT × [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r] Plugging in the values into the formula: PV = $6,000 × [(1 - (1 + 0.05)^(-10)) / 0.05] Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, the rounded answer to the nearest whole dollar is: PV = $47,186 Therefore, a person would need to deposit approximately $47,186 today to be able to withdraw $6,000 each year for ten years from an account earning 5 percent. Therefore, approximately $792 should be invested as a lump sum to realize $1,000 in four years, assuming an interest rate of 6 percent.
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if you could finance a new venture with either a stock issue or bonds, which option would you choose? what are their respective advantages and disadvantages?
The answer to this question is dependent on the goals of the company and the financial position of the company. Bonds have the advantage of being predictable with respect to the interest paid, while stocks have the advantage of providing potential growth.
Stocks and Bonds are some of the financial instruments used by companies to finance their activities. These financial instruments are different in terms of how they work and their advantages and disadvantages, which a company has to consider while choosing which one to use to finance its new venture
Advantages of stocks:
1. Potential for Growth: Stocks have the potential for growth in value, which makes it attractive for investors. This growth can lead to increased profits, dividends, and capital gains.
2. Liquidity: It is easy to buy and sell stocks, which makes them a popular investment for investors. This liquidity makes it easier for companies to raise money from the stock market.
3. No obligation to pay dividends: Companies have no obligation to pay dividends to their shareholders, which means that the company can use the profits to finance its activities. This flexibility is an advantage for companies that do not want to pay dividends to their shareholders.
Advantages of Bonds:
1. Predictable Income: Bonds provide a predictable income stream through the payment of interest. This predictable income is an advantage for investors who want a steady income stream.
2. Security: Bonds are considered a safer investment than stocks since the principal is guaranteed. This security is an advantage for investors who want to avoid the volatility of the stock market.
3. Tax Benefits: Bondholders enjoy tax benefits such as tax-free interest income or tax-deductible interest payments.
Disadvantages of stocks:
1. Volatility: The stock market is unpredictable, and stock prices can change drastically in a short period, which makes them a risky investment.
2. No guarantee of dividends: Companies have no obligation to pay dividends to their shareholders, which means that the shareholders may not receive any income.
3. Dilution: If a company issues more shares, it can lead to the dilution of the shareholder's ownership stake.
Disadvantages of Bonds:
1. Limited Growth: Bonds do not provide the same potential for growth as stocks.
2. Illiquidity: Bonds are not as liquid as stocks, which means that it may be difficult to sell them quickly.
3. Interest Rate Risk: Bonds are affected by interest rate changes, which can lead to a decline in the value of the bond.
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do it in detail
номешork IF J+F (K₁L) is production pauction, draw a typical Prodkietion purtion and explain its Shapen
The production function represents the relationship between the inputs (factors of production) and the output (quantity of goods or services produced). In this case, the production function is defined as J + F(K₁L), where J is a constant term, F represents a function of the capital input (K₁) and labor input (L), and K₁L represents the combination of capital and labor used in production.
To draw a typical production function, we plot the quantity of output on the vertical axis and the quantity of input (either capital or labor) on the horizontal axis. However, since the production function given is not specific in terms of the shape or specific values, we will explain the general shapes that production functions can take.
Linear Production Function: In a linear production function, the relationship between input and output is linear. This means that the increase in output is proportional to the increase in input. The graph of a linear production function is a straight line with a constant slope.
Increasing Marginal Returns: In this case, the production function exhibits increasing marginal returns to scale. Initially, as more units of input are added, the output increases at an increasing rate. The graph shows a concave shape, starting with a steep slope that gradually becomes less steep.
Decreasing Marginal Returns: Here, the production function displays decreasing marginal returns to scale. Initially, as more units of input are added, the output increases at a decreasing rate. The graph shows a convex shape, starting with a steep slope that gradually becomes flatter.
Constant Returns to Scale: When the production function exhibits constant returns to scale, the increase in input results in a proportional increase in output. The graph shows a straight line with a constant slope.
Without further information on the specific form of the function or the values of the parameters, it is not possible to determine the exact shape of the production function.
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desreumaux+inc's+stock+has+an+expected+return+of+12.25%,+a+beta+of+1.25,+and+is+in+equilibrium.+if+the+risk-free+rate+is+5.00%,+what+is+the+market+risk+premium?
The equilibrium formula: rF + (β × (rM − rF)) = rDWhere: rF = Risk-Free Rate β = Beta rM = Market Return rD = Stock Return.
Since the equilibrium exists, the expected return on the stock is equal to the equilibrium price of the stock. Also, the expected return on the stock is 12.25%.β = 1.25rF = 5.00%rD = 12.25%Plug in the values in the formula to find the market risk premium. 5% + (1.25 × (rM - 5%)) = 12.25%1.25 × (rM - 5%) = 7.25%rM - 5% = 5.8%rM = 10.8%Therefore, the market risk premium is: 10.8% - 5.0% = 5.8%.
Hence, the answer is that the market risk premium is 5.8%.
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1- Currently, what is your favorite TV show?
2- What do you like about this show?
3- Why is this your favorite show?
4- How do you watch this show (live TV, cable, Netflix, Hulu, Amazon, etc.)? (If you are currently not watching a TV show, what is your favorite TV show of all time?)
People often have different preferences when it comes to TV shows, depending on their interests and genre preferences.
Some factors that make a show appealing include a compelling storyline, well-developed characters, engaging dialogue, high production quality, and thought-provoking themes. Additionally, factors such as humor, suspense, drama, or unique storytelling techniques can also contribute to the enjoyment of a TV show.
Viewing options for TV shows have expanded over the years, with live TV, cable networks, streaming platforms like Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, and various other online platforms providing access to a wide range of shows. Each platform offers different benefits such as convenience, availability, and the ability to binge-watch entire seasons.
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Describe and compare the role of monetary policy in the Great
Depression and the Great Recession and explain how the financial
markets were affected. [25 marks]
Both the Great Depression and the Great Recession were severe economic downturns that had a significant impact on financial markets.
Monetary policy played a crucial role in both periods, but the approaches taken and their effects differed. During the Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s, monetary policy was contractionary. The Federal Reserve implemented policies that tightened the money supply and raised interest rates. This contributed to a significant decline in investment, reduced consumer spending, and a contraction in the overall economy. The tight monetary policy aggravated the economic downturn and prolonged the duration of the Great Depression.
In contrast, during the Great Recession, which began in 2008, monetary policy was expansionary. Central banks, including the Federal Reserve and other major central banks, implemented unconventional measures to stimulate the economy. They lowered interest rates to near-zero levels and engaged in large-scale asset purchases, known as quantitative easing. These measures aimed to increase liquidity, lower borrowing costs, and encourage spending and investment. The objective was to stabilize financial markets, support economic growth, and prevent a deflationary spiral.
The impact on financial markets differed between the two periods. During the Great Depression, financial markets experienced significant turmoil. Stock prices plummeted, many banks failed, and there was a lack of liquidity in credit markets. The contractionary monetary policy exacerbated the financial crisis, leading to widespread economic distress.
In the Great Recession, financial markets also faced significant challenges. The collapse of the housing market and the subsequent subprime mortgage crisis triggered a financial crisis. Many financial institutions faced insolvency, credit markets froze, and there was a loss of confidence in the banking system. The expansionary monetary policy response, however, helped stabilize financial markets and prevent a complete collapse of the financial system. The injection of liquidity and measures to support the banking sector helped restore confidence and facilitate the recovery.
Overall, the role of monetary policy in the two periods was distinct. In the Great Depression, the contractionary policy aggravated the economic downturn, while in the Great Recession, expansionary measures aimed to stabilize financial markets and support economic recovery. The effectiveness of monetary policy in addressing economic challenges and financial market disruptions highlights the importance of appropriate policy responses during periods of crisis.
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1.
In what product life cycle stage are smartphones? introduction,
growth, saturation, decline? explain?
2. what new technology features will make a future iphone
smartphone successful?
A smartphone is a mobile device that combines advanced features and capabilities generally found in computers with the functioning of a standard mobile phone. Beyond just audio communication, a wide range of other features are built into it.
1. Smartphones are currently in the maturity or saturation stage of the product life cycle. This is because smartphones have been in the market for quite a while, and the market is slowly getting saturated. The rate at which smartphones are being adopted by people has slowed down, and most people already own a smartphone. The competition among smartphone manufacturers is also high, and they are trying to maintain their market share and customer loyalty by incorporating new features and improving the existing ones.
2. Some of the new technology features that will make a future iPhone smartphone successful include
a) 5G Connectivity: With the rollout of 5G, people will need smartphones that are compatible with this new network. 5G offers faster internet speeds and more reliable connections.
b) Improved Cameras: The camera is one of the most important features of a smartphone, and people always want better cameras. The new iPhone smartphones are likely to have better camera sensors, faster autofocus, better image stabilization, and other advanced camera features.
c) Augmented Reality: Augmented reality is becoming increasingly popular, and smartphone manufacturers are incorporating this technology into their devices. The new iPhone smartphones are likely to have more advanced AR features that will allow users to enjoy immersive experiences.
d) Folding Screens: Foldable phones are becoming increasingly popular, and Apple is likely to incorporate this technology into its new iPhone smartphones. A foldable iPhone will offer users more screen real estate while still being compact and easy to carry around.
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22) Exiting a venture when an entrepreneur hopes to capitalize financially on the investment in the venture is known as: A) contingency planning B) liquidation
Exiting a venture when an entrepreneur hopes to capitalize financially on the investment in the venture is known as liquidation. Liquidation involves selling off the assets of the venture and distributing the proceeds to the owners or investors. It is a strategic decision made by the entrepreneur to maximize their financial return and exit the venture.
liquidation is the process of winding down a business or venture and converting its assets into cash. It typically occurs when an entrepreneur decides to exit the venture and hopes to capitalize financially on their investment. In the liquidation process, the assets of the venture, such as inventory, equipment, and property, are sold off, and the resulting funds are used to pay off any outstanding debts or obligations. The remaining proceeds, if any, are distributed to the owners or investors of the venture.
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a firm's strengths that cannot be easily matched or imitated by competitors are called
The strengths that cannot be easily matched or imitated by competitors are called core competencies.
These are the unique capabilities, skills, and resources that a firm has developed over time, which enable it to deliver value to customers in a way that is difficult for competitors to replicate. Core competencies can include specialized knowledge, proprietary technology, distribution networks, brand recognition, and customer relationships.
They are often the result of a firm's long-term investments in research and development, human capital, and organizational culture. Core competencies provide a competitive advantage because they allow firms to differentiate themselves from their competitors and create barriers to entry in the market. By leveraging their core competencies, firms can maintain market share, increase profitability, and sustain growth over time.
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Consider a market where supply and demand are given by QXs = -14 + PX and QXd = 82 - 2PX. Suppose the government imposes a price floor of $37, and agrees to purchase and discard any and all units consumers do not buy at the floor price of $37 per unit.
Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to the nearest penny (two decimal places).
a. Determine the cost to the government of buying firms’ unsold units.
$ ___________________
b. Compute the lost social welfare (deadweight loss) that stems from the $37 price floor.
$ _______________________
To determine the cost to the government of buying firms' unsold units, we need to find the number of units that consumers are willing to buy at the price floor of $37.
Step 1: Set the quantity demanded (QXd) equal to the quantity supplied (QXs) to find the equilibrium price:
QXd = QXs
82 - 2PX = -14 + PX
Step 2: Solve for the equilibrium price (PX):
82 + 14 = 3PX
96 = 3PX
PX = 32
So, the equilibrium price is $32.
Step 3: Determine the number of units demanded and supplied at the equilibrium price:
QXd = 82 - 2PX
QXd = 82 - 2(32)
QXd = 82 - 64
QXd = 18
QXs = -14 + PX
QXs = -14 + 32
QXs = 18
At the equilibrium price of $32, the quantity demanded and supplied is 18 units.
Step 4: Compare the equilibrium price and quantity to the price floor:
Price floor = $37
Since the price floor is higher than the equilibrium price, the quantity demanded on the price floor will be less than the quantity supplied.
Step 5: Calculate the cost to the government of buying firms' unsold units:
Cost to the government = (Quantity supplied - Quantity demanded) * Price floor
Cost to the government = (18 - 18) * $37
Cost to the government = 0 * $37
Cost to the government = $0
Therefore, the cost to the government of buying firms' unsold units is $0.
Now, let's calculate the lost social welfare (deadweight loss) that stems from the $37 price floor.
Step 1: Calculate the consumer surplus at the equilibrium price:
Consumer surplus = 0.5 * (Quantity demanded at the equilibrium price) * (Equilibrium price - Price floor)
Consumer surplus = 0.5 * 18 * ($32 - $37)
Consumer surplus = 0.5 * 18 * (-$5)
Consumer surplus = -45
Step 2: Calculate the producer surplus at the equilibrium price:
Producer surplus = 0.5 * (Quantity supplied at the equilibrium price) * (Price floor - Equilibrium price)
Producer surplus = 0.5 * 18 * ($37 - $32)
Producer surplus = 0.5 * 18 * $5
Producer surplus = $45
Step 3: Calculate the deadweight loss:
Deadweight loss = |Consumer surplus| + |Producer surplus|
Deadweight loss = |-45| + |45|
Deadweight loss = 45 + 45
Deadweight loss = $90
Therefore, the lost social welfare (deadweight loss) that stems from the $37 price floor is $90.
a. The cost to the government of buying firms’ unsold units. is $90. b. The lost social welfare (deadweight loss) that stems from the $37 price floor is $ 12.50.
a. To determine the cost to the government of buying firms' unsold units, we need to find the difference between the equilibrium quantity demanded and the quantity supplied at the price floor.
Equilibrium quantity demanded (Qd) can be found by setting the quantity demanded equation equal to the quantity supplied equation:
82 - 2PX = -14 + PX
Combining like terms:
3PX = 96
Solving for PX:
PX = 32
Substituting the price into the quantity supplied equation:
QXs = -14 + (32) = 18
The equilibrium quantity demanded at the price floor is 18.
Since the price floor is set at $37, and the quantity demanded at that price is 18, the cost to the government of buying firms' unsold units is:
Cost = (Price floor - Equilibrium price) × Quantity = (37 - 32) × 18 = $90.
b. To compute the lost social welfare (deadweight loss) that stems from the $37 price floor, we need to calculate the area of the triangle formed by the price floor, the equilibrium quantity demanded, and the quantity supplied.
The equilibrium quantity supplied at the price floor can be found by substituting the price floor into the quantity supplied equation:
QXs = -14 + (37) = 23
The lost social welfare is equal to half the base times the height of the triangle:
Lost Social Welfare = 0.5 × (Equilibrium quantity supplied - Equilibrium quantity demanded) × (Price floor - Equilibrium price) = 0.5 × (23 - 18) × (37 - 32) = $12.50.
Therefore, the lost social welfare (deadweight loss) that stems from the $37 price floor is $12.50.
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what are the differences between recognition, action, and effect
time lags?
Recognition, action, and effect time lags are three distinct phases in the process of economic decision-making and their subsequent impact on the economy.
Economic decision-making is the process of making choices or selecting courses of action in response to economic conditions and objectives. It involves analyzing and evaluating various alternatives, considering costs and benefits, and assessing potential risks and outcomes. Economic decision-making applies to individuals, businesses, and governments and encompasses areas such as production.
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What are the facts of the Hustler Magazine v. Moral
Majority case?
What are the issues in the Hustler Magazine v.
Moral Majority case?
What is the court's holding (decision and reasoning) in the
Hustl
The Supreme Court held in Hustler Magazine v. Moral Majority that the parody advertisement was protected speech under the First Amendment, dismissing Falwell's claims.
Facts: In Hustler Magazine v. Moral Majority (1988), Hustler Magazine published a parody advertisement targeting Reverend Jerry Falwell, containing offensive content and false statements. Falwell sued for defamation and emotional distress.
Issues: The key issues were whether the parody advertisement was protected speech under the First Amendment and if Falwell could recover damages for emotional distress.
Holding: The Supreme Court held in favor of Hustler Magazine, stating that the First Amendment protected the publication of the parody ad as a form of protected speech. The court reasoned that the ad was clearly exaggerated satire and that public figures should expect criticism. Thus, Falwell's claims for defamation and emotional distress were dismissed, reinforcing freedom of speech principles.
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Free cash flow is equal to cash flow from operating activities minus: O capital expenditures O retained earnings O capital expenditures and dividends O dividends
The correct option is: O capital expenditures. Free cash flow is equal to cash flow from operating activities minus capital expenditures.
Capital expenditure are investments made in durable assets like real estate, machinery, and equipment. Free cash flow is the money that can be used at will and is produced by a business's core operations. It gives information about the business's capacity to raise money and pay for other expenses.
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Free cash flow is equal to cash flow from operating activities minus capital expenditures.
Free cash flow is a financial metric that represents the amount of cash generated by a company's operations that is available for discretionary purposes, such as investing in new projects, paying down debt, or distributing dividends to shareholders. It is an important measure of a company's financial health and its ability to generate cash flow.
To calculate free cash flow, one subtracts capital expenditures from the cash flow from operating activities. Cash flow from operating activities represents the cash generated or used by a company's core business operations, including revenue from sales, payments to suppliers, and operating expenses. Capital expenditures, on the other hand, represent the cash used for investments in long-term assets, such as property, plant, and equipment.
By subtracting capital expenditures from cash flow from operating activities, free cash flow isolates the cash that remains after the company has covered its necessary investments in fixed assets. This remaining cash can be used for various purposes, such as expansion, debt reduction, or shareholder distributions.
It's worth noting that the other options mentioned, such as retained earnings and dividends, are not directly subtracted from cash flow from operating activities to calculate free cash flow. Retained earnings represent the portion of net income that is reinvested back into the business, while dividends are cash distributions made to shareholders. These items are not deducted from cash flow from operating activities when calculating free cash flow.
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THING Bill C-45 (the Westray Bill) increased the maximum consequences to organizations and anyone who directs the work of others to: O a $25,000 fine O b. $100,000 fine OC unlimited fines O d. life imprisonment O e. both "unlimited fines" and "life imprisonment"
Bill C-45, commonly referred to as the Westray Bill, was enacted in Canada in March 2004 in response to the Westray mine explosion in 1992.
Bill C-45, commonly referred to as the Westray Bill, was enacted in Canada in March 2004 in response to the Westray mine explosion in 1992. The bill amends the Canadian Criminal Code and other related acts to address the issue of workplace safety and the responsibility of organizations and individuals who direct the work of others.According to the bill, organizations and anyone who directs the work of others can face significant consequences in case of a workplace accident or incident. Before the bill, the maximum penalty for such incidents was a $25,000 fine. The bill increased the maximum consequences to organizations and individuals who direct the work of others to unlimited fines and life imprisonment.This means that if an organization or an individual who directs the work of others is found guilty of criminal negligence causing death or bodily harm, they can face unlimited fines and life imprisonment. This was a significant increase from the previous penalty and sends a strong message that workplace safety is of utmost importance. By increasing the consequences for workplace accidents and incidents, the bill aims to encourage organizations and individuals to take proactive measures to ensure the safety of their workers.
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A UK Importer expects to pay 20,000$ in 3 months’ time. She was quoted the following exchange rate pair : [1.3058 ; 1.5082 ]. How much would the exporter expect to receive from the bank in GBP.
None of the choices
13260
30164
26116
15316
Impossible as the bank will only display one rate
It is impossible to determine the exact amount the exporter would expect to receive from the bank in GBP based on the given exchange rate pair.
The reason is that the bank typically provides one exchange rate at a given time, and the given exchange rate pair consists of two rates.The given exchange rate pair [1.3058; 1.5082] represents two rates: the lower rate (1.3058) is the bid rate at which the bank buys GBP, and the higher rate (1.5082) is the ask rate at which the bank sells GBP. However, it is important to note that these rates are typically quoted separately by the bank, depending on whether you are buying or selling GBP.
Since the exporter wants to receive GBP from the bank, we need to know the specific rate at which the bank is selling GBP (ask rate) in order to calculate the amount in GBP that the exporter would expect to receive. However, only one rate is typically provided by the bank at a given time, and the given exchange rate pair does not specify which rate corresponds to selling GBP.
Therefore, without the specific ask rate from the bank, it is impossible to determine the exact amount in GBP that the exporter would expect to receive.
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A term used in the class on Direct Marketing is _____________________which refers to the delivery of a integrated, seamless experience across multiple devices and touchpoints, including traditional advertising media such as print and television, combined with new technologies like company websites, search-engine optimization, social media, and mobile marketing. O omni-channel click-and-mortar shopping o kiosk marketing O telemarketing
A term used in the class on Direct Marketing is omnichannel marketing which refers to the delivery of an integrated, seamless experience across multiple devices and touchpoints.
The main goal of omnichannel marketing is to eliminate boundaries between various channels and touchpoints so that consumers may interact with brands in a seamless and continuous way.
Thus, a customer's encounter with a business may begin on one channel, such as a website, and move effortlessly to another without suffering any interruptions, such as a mobile app or a physical location.
It includes traditional advertising media such as print and television, combined with new technologies like company websites, search-engine optimization, social media, and mobile marketing.
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Three coins are tossed. Find the probability of tossing the following events:
Three heads.
Two heads and one tail.
At least one tail.
At least two heads.
Given Information Three coins are tossed. To find the probability of tossing the following events: Three heads. Two heads and one tail. At least one tail. At least two heads. Solution Three coins are tossed, let H denote the head, and T denote the tail.
Therefore, all possible outcomes are: (HHH), (HHT), (HTH), (THH), (HTT), (THT), (TTH), (TTT) The total number of possible outcomes is 8. Now, calculate the probability of each event. 1. Three heads. (HHH) is the only possible outcome in which three heads are obtained. Hence, the probability of tossing three heads = 1/8 2. Two heads and one tail.
The possible outcomes with two heads and one tail are (HHT), (HTH), and (THH). Hence, the probability of tossing two heads and one tail = 3/8 3. At least one tail. The possible outcomes with at least one tail are (HHT), (HTH), (THH), (HTT), (THT), (TTH), and (TTT). Hence, the probability of obtaining at least one tail = 7/8 4. At least two heads.
The possible outcomes with at least two heads are (HHH), (HHT), (HTH), and (THH). Hence, the probability of obtaining at least two heads = 4/8 = 1/2 Thus, the probabilities of tossing the events are as follows: Three heads = 1/8
Two heads and one tail = 3/8 At least one tail = 7/8 At least two heads = 1/2 Therefore, the probability of tossing the following events are: Three heads = 1/8 Two heads and one tail = 3/8 At least one tail = 7/8 At least two heads = 1/2.
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The probability of getting at least two heads is the probability of getting two heads and one tail or getting three heads. P(at least two heads) = P(two heads and one tail) + P(three heads) = 3/8 + 1/8 = 1/2.
The probability of tossing the following events when three coins are tossed are: Three heads The probability of getting three heads is the probability of getting a head on the first toss, then on the second toss, and then on the third toss. P(three heads) = P(head on first toss) × P(head on second toss) × P(head on third toss) = 1/2 × 1/2 × 1/2 = 1/8Two heads and one tail. The probability of getting two heads and one tail is the probability of getting two heads and a tail in any order or getting a head, a tail, and a head in any order. P(two heads and one tail) = P(head, head, tail) + P(head, tail, head) + P(tail, head, head) = (1/2 × 1/2 × 1/2) + (1/2 × 1/2 × 1/2) + (1/2 × 1/2 × 1/2) = 3/8At least one tail. The probability of getting at least one tail is the probability of getting one tail, two tails, or three tails. P(at least one tail) = 1 – P(no tails) = 1 – P(head, head, head) = 1 – 1/8 = 7/8At least two heads. The probability of getting at least two heads is the probability of getting two heads and one tail or getting three heads. P(at least two heads) = P(two heads and one tail) + P(three heads) = 3/8 + 1/8 = 1/2.
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Liabilities and Net Worth Securities (A) Currency in Circulation (B) Loans to Banks (C) Reserves (D) Assets Liabilities and Net Worth Reserves (E) Deposits (F) Borrowings (H) Securities (G) Loans (1) Bank Capital (J) Assets Liabilities and Net Worth Currency in Circulation (K) Loans (L) Deposits (M) Securities (N) Net Worth (0) The above figure shows the three balance sheets by the players in the money supply process. These are aggregate balance sheets. For example, the deposits in the non-bank-public balance sheet is the sum of all the deposits owned by individuals and businesses. An event occurs. You need to figure out which one of the above entries will change as a result of this event, all else the same. Consider only the immediate effects. Don't assume any subsequent decisions by the players. Place a 1 in the box if the entry will change, 0 otherwise. No commas or decimals, just 0 and 1. Event: Households borrow a total of $100 million from banks. The Fed A = B = ,C= ,D= Banks E = F = G= H= Non-Bank Public K= ,N= | = L = The Fed Assets Banks Non-Bank Public , J= , M=
In the money supply process, there are three aggregate balance sheets representing different players: The Fed, Banks, and Non-Bank Public. An event occurs where households borrow a total of $100 million from banks. The task is to identify the entry that will change as a result of this event, while assuming all else remains the same.
The entry that will change due to the event is in the "Banks" category:
Banks:
G = 1 (Loans) - The loans made by banks to households will increase by $100 million as a result of households borrowing from banks.
All other entries in the balance sheets remain unchanged since we are considering only the immediate effects and not subsequent decisions by the players.
Updated balance sheets after the event:
The Fed Assets: Unchanged
Banks Liabilities and Net Worth: Unchanged
Banks Assets: G = $100 million (increase) - Loans to households increase by $100 million. All other entries remain unchanged.
Non-Bank Public Liabilities and Net Worth: Unchanged
Non-Bank Public Assets: Unchanged
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Budgeted sales in Washburn Company over the next four months are given below:
September October November December
Budgeted sales $100,000 $160,000 $180,000 $120,000
Twenty-five percent of the company's sales are for cash and 75% are on account. Collections for sales on account follow a stable pattern as follows: 50% of a month's credit sales are collected in the month of sale, 30% are collected in the month following sale, and 15% are collected in the second month following sale. The remainder is uncollectible. Given these data, cash collections for December should be:
The average price per piano that Marwick's Pianos, Inc. pays to a major producer is $1,500. We can create both conventional and contribution-format income statements in order to analyse the company's revenue.
Contrarily, the income statement using the contribution style divides expenses into their fixed and variable components. It divides fixed costs from variable costs, such as cost of products sold. The amount available to pay for fixed expenditures and add to operating income is represented by the contribution margin, which is what is provided.
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•Exercise #4. Suppose an inverse demand P=56–2P=56–2Q with =1+2Q=q1+q2. Each firm incurs a total cost 2020q_i with =1,2i=1,2. Suppose firm 1 can choose its quantity before firm 2.
•Q8) Determine the Stackelberg equilibrium quantity for firm 1.
•Q9) Determine the Stackelberg equilibrium quantity for firm 2.
In the given scenario, where the inverse demand function is P = 56 - 2Q and the total cost for each firm is 2020q_i, firm 1 has the advantage to choose its quantity before firm 2.
The Stackelberg duopoly model considers a situation where one firm (the leader) can determine its quantity before the other firm (the follower) makes its decision. In this case, firm 1 acts as the leader and firm 2 as the follower. Firm 1's objective is to maximize its profit, taking into account firm 2's response.
To find the Stackelberg equilibrium quantity for firm 1, we need to analyze the profit-maximizing behavior. Firm 1 will choose its quantity (q1) to maximize its profit, considering the best response of firm 2. Firm 2's best response depends on firm 1's chosen quantity.
To determine the Stackelberg equilibrium quantity for firm 2, we need to analyze firm 1's decision first. Once firm 1 chooses its quantity, firm 2 will determine its quantity (q2) to maximize its profit, considering firm 1's chosen quantity.
To find the exact equilibrium quantities for both firms, we need to solve the profit maximization problems for both firms simultaneously. This involves finding the best response functions of each firm and solving them simultaneously to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium quantities for firm 1 and firm 2.
Please note that without specific numerical values for the parameters in the demand and cost functions, it is not possible to provide the exact equilibrium quantities. However, the process outlined above describes the general approach to finding the Stackelberg equilibrium quantities in this scenario.
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Consider a power company which is the only licensed electricity supplier in the city. The Demand for electricity is given by P = 10 -0.2*Q and the Marginal Cost of the company is given by MC = 4 +0.2*Q. Identify the optimal output, the market Price, the Consumer surplus, the Producer surplus and the Dead Weight Loss in the electricity market. Support your answers with a suitable diagram.
the optimal output is 20, the market price is 6, the consumer surplus is 54, the producer surplus is 56, and the deadweight loss is 8. The graph of the demand and marginal cost curves is shown below:graph of demand and marginal cost curves
In this problem, we will use the demand and marginal cost equations to find the optimal output, market price, consumer surplus, producer surplus, and deadweight loss in the electricity market.Optimal Output:To find the optimal output, we need to find the quantity where the marginal cost equals the marginal revenue. Since we have the marginal cost equation, we can find the marginal revenue by taking the derivative of the demand equation:P = 10 - 0.2QMR = dP/dQ = -0.2Equating MR and MC, we get:-0.2 = 0.2Q + 4Q = 20Optimal Output = 20Market Price:We can find the market price by substituting the optimal output into the demand equation:P = 10 - 0.2QP = 10 - 0.2(20)P = 6Market Price = 6Consumer Surplus:Consumer surplus is the area below the demand curve and above the market price up to the optimal output. To find this area, we need to integrate the demand equation from 0 to 20:P = 10 - 0.2Q6 = 10 - 0.2Q0.2Q = 4Q = 20 - (6/0.2)Q = 10 Consumer Surplus = (1/2)(6)(20-6)Consumer Surplus = 54Producer Surplus:Producer surplus is the area above the marginal cost curve and below the market price up to the optimal output. To find this area, we need to integrate the marginal cost equation from 0 to 20:MC = 4 + 0.2QMC = 4 + 0.2(20)MC = 8Producer Surplus = (1/2)(6)(6-4) + (1/2)(14)(8-4)Producer Surplus = 56Deadweight Loss:Deadweight loss is the loss of economic efficiency that occurs when the optimal quantity of a good is not produced. To find the deadweight loss, we need to find the area between the demand and marginal cost curves from the optimal output to the point where they intersect:P = 10 - 0.2QP = 4 + 0.2Q10 - 0.2Q = 4 + 0.2QQ = 16Deadweight Loss = (1/2)(16-20)(10-4)Deadweight Loss = 8
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