which organelle controls what goes in and out of the cell?

The megagametophyte, or female or egg-producing gametophyte, is also known as an embryo sac in angiosperms. An ovule, which is housed within the ovary of a flower, is where the embryo sac develops primarily.

The mature embryo sac is a seven-celled, eight-nucleate structure in the majority of angiosperms. In honor of the genus Polygonum, this form of embryo sac is also known as the Polygonum-type (knotweed or smartweed). This form of embryo sac is considered to exist in the majority of angiosperms (about 70%). The term polygonum-type describes both the embryo sac's development course as well as its ultimate form.

To learn more about the embryo follow the link: https://brainly.com/question/30312674

#SPJ4

Ependymal cells are specialized cells in the brain that are responsible for filtering blood plasma to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Ependymal cells are located in the walls of the brain's ventricles and have hair-like structures called cilia that help circulate the CSF and remove waste products from the brain. The production and circulation of CSF by ependymal cells play a critical role in maintaining the chemical environment of the brain, providing mechanical support and protection to the brain and spinal cord, and carrying out various essential functions. The CSF cushions the brain and spinal cord provides nutrients and oxygen to the brain, removes metabolic waste products, and helps regulate brain blood flow and pressure. The ependymal cells play an important role in brain function and health by producing and circulating the CSF that is crucial for maintaining the brain's normal physiological functions.

To learn more about blood click here:

https://brainly.com/question/17030548

#SPJ4

A genotype composed of two identical alleles is defined as homozygous.

A homozygous genotype occurs when an individual inherits the same allele from both parents for a specific trait. For example, if an individual inherits the dominant allele for brown eyes from both parents, they will have a homozygous dominant genotype for eye color. Similarly, if an individual inherits the recessive allele for blue eyes from both parents, they will have a homozygous recessive genotype for eye color.

In contrast, a heterozygous genotype occurs when an individual inherits different alleles from each parent for a specific trait. For example, if an individual inherits the dominant allele for brown eyes from one parent and the recessive allele for blue eyes from the other parent, they will have a heterozygous genotype for eye color.

Learn more about genotype at https://brainly.com/question/902712

#SPJ11

The nuclear envelope allows the movement of the mRNA molecules into the cytoplasm, where they are translated by ribosomal rRNA.

DNA information must first be transcribed, or replicated, into mRNA because it cannot be directly decoded into proteins. With each sequence of three nitrogen-containing bases in the mRNA indicating the inclusion of a specific amino acid within the protein, each of mRNA molecule encodes the information for one protein (or several proteins in bacteria). A perfect transcription of the original DNA sequence with a terminal 5′-triphosphate group and a 3′-hydroxyl residue is found in prokaryotes (organisms without a defined nucleus).

To know more about mRNA molecules click here:

brainly.com/question/21693339

#SPJ4

Both of these conditions can lead to problems with blood flow in the heart and potentially cause significant health issues.

Stiff heart valves lead to a condition known as stenosis, and if the valves do not close properly, it is known as regurgitation.

Stenosis occurs when the heart valve becomes stiff and is unable to open fully, leading to a narrowing of the valve opening. This narrowing can cause the heart to work harder to pump blood through the valve, leading to an increase in pressure in the heart and potentially causing damage to the heart muscle over time. Symptoms of stenosis may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue.

Regurgitation, also known as insufficiency or incompetence, occurs when the heart valve does not close properly and allows blood to flow backward through the valve. This can cause the heart to work harder to compensate for the decreased efficiency of the valve and can also cause damage to the heart muscle over time. Symptoms of regurgitation may include fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs or abdomen.

If left untreated, both stenosis and regurgitation can lead to more severe heart conditions such as heart failure, arrhythmias, or damage to other organs in the body. Treatment for these conditions may include medication, lifestyle changes, or surgery to repair or replace the damaged heart valve.

For such more questions on Valves

https://brainly.com/question/12609322

#SPJ4

The possibility of all the offspring having all A, B, AB, and O blood types will be 1:1:1:1.

Heterozygous A is AO

Heterozygous B is BO

Prunnett square ratio for blood

            A           O

B          AB         B

O          A           O

Possibilities for offspring are:

AO 25%

BO 25%

AB 25%

OO 25%

The chances that the children will be AB and OO, respectively, are 25% and 25%. Due to this, there is a 50% chance that the child will have an ABO blood type that is different from either parent's. Although there are other blood groups, you just mentioned the ABO blood types of each parent, therefore I'm guessing you're only concerned with the ABO group. The ratio will be 1:1:1:1.

To learn more about the blood type ratio please click on the given link: https://brainly.com/question/15973631

#SPJ4

Photosynthesis is the process in a plant cell where Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight and uses it to make food.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment that is essential for the process of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and some bacteria. Its primary function is to absorb light energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy that can be used by the organism.

Chlorophyll is located in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is responsible for capturing light energy during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It absorbs light most efficiently in the blue and red parts of the spectrum and reflects green light, which is why plants appear green.

In addition to its role in photosynthesis, chlorophyll has also been found to have other beneficial properties. It is a powerful antioxidant and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, among others. In summary, chlorophyll is a critical component for the survival of photosynthetic organisms and has a range of potential health benefits for humans as well.

To know more about Photosynthesis, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29764662

#SPJ1

Neutral DNA markers must be used in investigations if scientists are to gain an accurate assessment of phylogenetic relationships.

A phylogenetic tree is a tool used by scientists to depict the connections and evolutionary paths among organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a type of diagram that shows the evolutionary links between different kinds of living things.

Phylogenetic approaches can be broadly divided into two categories: character-based methods and distance-based methods.

A phylogenetic tree's branching pattern illustrates how many species or other groups developed from a number of common predecessors. In trees, two species are more closely related if they share a recent common ancestor and less closely related if they do not.

To know about phylogenetic

https://brainly.com/question/30416143

#SPJ4

The most responsible portion of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for its toxic effects is lipid A. Lipid A is an endotoxin that can be found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

It is composed of a hydrophobic core of fatty acids and a phosphate-containing head group and is responsible for the recognition and binding of the LPS molecule to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) on the target cell’s membrane. This triggers an inflammatory response from the body, resulting in the release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, which can lead to a variety of symptoms, depending on the amount of LPS present. These symptoms can range from a mild fever to full-blown septic shock, and can even be fatal in extreme cases. Lipid A is therefore the main culprit behind the toxic effects of LPS.

To learn more about Lipopolysaccharide

brainly.com/question/13282865

#SPJ4

Sexual reproduction boosts genetic diversity while asexual reproduction allows for an increase in the number of clonal individuals, hence option D is correct.

The benefit of an asexual-sexual style of reproduction, such as that which takes place in yeast cells, stems from the fact that

Our findings corroborate the idea that the benefit of sexuality resided in the eradication of harmful mutations because sex boosts mean fitness in an environment to which the populations were well suited, but not in an environment to which new adaptation occurred.

Therefore, producing large numbers of cells in a short period of time.

Learn more about yeast, here:

https://brainly.com/question/776906

#SPJ9

The given question is incomplete, so the most probable complete question is,

Consider the diagram of reproduction of yeast cells. Yeast can reproduce both asexually and sexually. During sexual reproduction, alpha or a cells produce ‘a-factor’, which signals the presence of an a cell to neighbouring α cells and the a cells also respond to α factor. Each cell grows a projection towards the opposite cell and this response of haploid cells to the mating factors of the opposite mating type allows for conjugation between a and α cells, but not between cells of the same mating type. What is the advantage of this type of reproduction?

A) Survival of the fittest.

B) The production of diploid cells.

C) Genetic variation in the gene pool.

D) Producing large numbers of cells in a short period of time.

Stronger stimuli (the slap) cause more neurons to fire and more neurons to fire more frequently than weaker stimuli (the tap).

Your nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (the sensory and motor nerves). The names help to visualize it: the brain and spinal cord serve as hubs, while sensory and motor nerves extend out to provide access to all areas of the body. Simply put, sensory nerves transmit information about our surroundings to the brain via the spinal cord. The brain relays information to the motor nerves, which assist us in performing actions. It's like having a massive inbox and outbox for everything.

To learn more about nervous system:

https://brainly.com/question/29355295

#SPJ4

Proline's unique structural properties, including its inflexibility, tend to disrupt regular secondary structures and make it important in regions of proteins that require kinks or bends, which are not alpha-helical.

Proline is an amino acid that contains a unique cyclic structure that makes it inflexible, and this structural feature has important implications for the conformation of proteins. Its inflexibility tends to disrupt regular secondary structures such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets, so it is often found at places in proteins that are not alpha-helical, such as loops, turns, and bends. In these regions, it can help introduce a kink or bend in the protein backbone, which can allow the protein to adopt the necessary conformation for its function. Proline's rigid structure can also stabilize the conformations of protein structures, such as beta-turns, which have a tight turn in the polypeptide chain. Overall, proline's unique structural properties make it an important component of protein structure in regions that require the introduction of a kink or bend in the protein backbone or stabilization of certain conformations.

To learn more about proline click here:

https://brainly.com/question/10911331

#SPJ4

Photosynthesis is similar in C4 and CAM plants in that they both have mechanisms for minimizing photorespiration.

Photorespiration is a process that occurs in plants when they take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide, which is the opposite of what occurs during photosynthesis. Both C4 and CAM plants have adapted to minimize this process in order to maximize their photosynthesis efficiency.

C4 plants have a specialized anatomy that allows them to separate the initial carbon fixation from the Calvin cycle, which reduces the amount of photorespiration that occurs. CAM plants, on the other hand, have a specialized mechanism that allows them to take in carbon dioxide at night and store it until the daytime when it can be used for photosynthesis. This allows them to minimize photorespiration during the day when temperatures are higher and the potential for photorespiration is greater.

Learn more about photorespiration at https://brainly.com/question/2560710

#SPJ11

Simple squamous cells frequently fold their apical plasma membranes into microvilli, which expands their absorption surface area.

The majority of your blood is plasma. It accounts for more than half (about 55%) of the entire material. When the blood is divided into its component parts, plasma, a pale yellow liquid, appears. Plasma carries water, salts, and enzymes. About 92% of plasma is water. Along with albumin, gamma globulin, and anti-hemophilic factor, it also contains 7% essential proteins, as well as 1% of mineral salts, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, and vitamins.

Donations of blood plasma are put to significantly more specialized uses than ordinary blood donations. Plasma donations are most frequently used in patients with liver or clotting factor abnormalities, adults or children with cancer, and those who have undergone severe trauma, burns, or shock.

To know more about Plasma visit:

https://brainly.com/question/18207038

#SPJ4

The statement that is true when the substrate concentration is much greater than Km is that the reaction rate is at its maximum and is independent of the substrate concentration.

When an enzyme obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the substrate concentration is much greater than the Michaelis constant (Km), the enzyme is said to be saturated with substrate.

Now, rather than the presence of a substrate, the pace of the reaction is constrained by the enzyme's rate of turnover.

The turnover rate of the enzyme is also known as the maximum velocity of the reaction (Vmax). At high substrate concentrations, the enzyme reaches its Vmax, and the reaction rate becomes constant because all the enzyme molecules are occupied with the substrate.

Therefore, the statement that is true when the substrate concentration is much greater than Km is that the reaction rate is at its maximum and is independent of the substrate concentration.

In other words, increasing the substrate concentration beyond this point will not increase the reaction rate any further, because the enzyme is already working at its maximum capacity.

To learn more about  substrate concentration:

https://brainly.com/question/29508254

#SPJ4

Answer:



The plight of African elephants is greatly impacted by human activity, primarily in the form of poaching and habitat destruction. In contrast, the evolutionary changes of the finch were driven by natural selection and adaptation over millions of years.

Explanation:

Canyons and mesas are both steep-sided landforms with flat tops.

What do you mean by landforms?

Landforms are the physical features that make up the Earth's surface. This includes mountains, valleys, plains, plateaus, hills, shorelines, and so on. They are formed by the processes of erosion and deposition, as well as tectonic activity. Landforms can have a significant impact on the climate, vegetation, and human activity in an area. They can also be important habitats for certain plants and animals.

Canyons are deep, narrow valleys formed by erosion, usually by a river running through them. The sides of a canyon are usually steep walls of rock or dirt. Mesas are flat-topped hills or plateaus with steep sides, usually formed by erosion from a plateau or topographic uplift. The sides of a mesa are usually made up of erosional remnants, such as buttes and cliffs, or of sedimentary layers that have been exposed by erosion.

To know more about landforms,

https://brainly.com/question/18459116

#SPJ1

If the invertebrate living in an estuary can adjust the salt concentration of its body fluids, its salt concentration will have relatively constant despite the cyclic changes in salinity caused by the tides.

This ability to regulate salt concentration, known as osmoregulation, is essential for organisms living in environments with fluctuating salinity levels. Depending on the invertebrate species and its physiological adaptations, it may be able to maintain a constant internal salt concentration by actively transporting salts in and out of its body or by excreting excess salts through specialized structures. The ability to osmoregulation is critical for the survival and functioning of many aquatic organisms, including those living in estuaries.

TO Know more about Invertebrate, here

https://brainly.com/question/13285943

#SPJ4

"Opposite thumbs in humans" is an occurrence of a generic attribute.

A trait is a feature that is genetically determined in science. Some characteristics include green eyes or just being shorter than average.

Thus, "Opposite thumbs in humans" is an occurrence of a generic attribute.

To know more about the trait, here

https://brainly.com/question/30137993

#SPJ1

Stratum Basale layer  has the fastest rate of mitosis.

The Mitotic activity in the epidermis is usually high in the layer of stratum Basale layer. Also stratum Basale is considered as the deepest and innermost layer present in the epidermis that contain actively growing and dividing epithelial cells termed keratinocytes.

Hence, stratum Basale usually went through constant mitosis and keeps on replacing the cells that gets exfoliated from the skin's surface. In this layer the cells primarily composed of keratin and lipids sheds, other layers of the epidermis then replace that layer.

To learn more about Stratum Basale , here

brainly.com/question/29684712

#SPJ4

Answer:

Compare and contrast stomata with the pores found in liverworts. Stomata allow CO2 to diffuse and can close to minimize water loss. Liverwort pores allow gas exchange and cannot be closed if conditions become dry. if this not right i'm sorry

Explanation:

Motor neurons emit a neurotransmitter called ACh, which binds to ACh receptors on muscle cells. This binding sets off a chain of events that cause muscles to contract.

The immune system produces antibodies that attack the ACh receptor (AChR), a docking site for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which causes myasthenia gravis (ACh). ACh is broken down by an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and some treatments block this enzyme while others focus on the immune system.

A failure in neuromuscular transmission results from the antibodies' depletion of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. A fraction of myasthenia patients, however, have antibodies to muscle specific kinase.

To know more about Motor neurons visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/29694659

#SPJ4

Veterinarians may be able to identify the underlying cause of the seizures, such as a tumor in the brain. When this occurs, the animal is said to have a symptomatic seizure.

Symptomatic seizures are those that are caused by an underlying medical condition. In many cases, identifying the underlying cause of the seizures is crucial for developing an effective treatment plan. For example, if a tumor in the brain is causing the seizures, surgery or radiation therapy may be necessary to remove or shrink the tumor and alleviate the seizures.

In contrast, idiopathic seizures are those that occur without an identifiable cause. While idiopathic seizures are common in some breeds of dogs, such as the Golden Retriever, they can be more difficult to manage than symptomatic seizures. In these cases, veterinarians may need to focus on managing the seizures themselves rather than treating an underlying condition.

Regardless of the cause, seizures can be a serious medical condition that requires prompt veterinary attention. If you suspect that your pet is experiencing seizures, it is important to contact your veterinarian immediately to ensure that they receive the necessary care and treatment.

Learn more about seizure at : https://brainly.com/question/10029552

#SPJ4

Chemoautotrophs are the type of bacteria that the microbiologist collected from the tube worms in the deep sea.

Bacteria known as chemoautotrophs use carbon dioxide as their carbon source and derive their energy from the oxidation of inorganic substances like hydrogen sulphide. This indicates that they can make their own organic chemicals through carbon fixation and do not require organic molecules for their metabolism. The bacteria found in the tube worms that were tested are utilising environmental hydrogen sulphide as an energy source and fixing carbon dioxide to create organic chemicals for their metabolism. While there is no sunshine to sustain photosynthesis-based ecosystems, chemoautotrophic bacteria and tube worms frequently coexist in these types of symbiotic relationships in deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

To learn more about Chemoautotrophs, click here:-
https://brainly.com/question/522040

#SPJ4

Yes, bryophytes do have stomata, but they are less numerous than those seen in vascular plants.

learn more about bryophytes here

https://brainly.com/question/1331358

#SPJ4

Subduction occurs at convergent plate boundaries, where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other.

There are three types of convergent plate boundaries, depending on the type of crust that is involved:

To learn more about plate boundaries, refer:-

https://brainly.com/question/12768167

#SPJ4

Species, in biology, classification comprising related organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding.

The genetic species idea, like the biological species concept, takes into account whether individuals are capable of interbreeding as well as the degree of genetic diversity across populations of that species, but it may also be used to determine when the species started.

Subspecies are groupings in the early stages of speciation; individuals from different subspecies occasionally interbreed, but they generate a large number of sterile male offspring. Individuals in the second stage are known as incipient species or semispecies; individuals in these groups seldom interbreed, and all male progeny are infertile.

Natural selection divides incipient species into sister species, which do not mate but are essentially identical in morphology, or structure and shape. Sibling species eventually diverge into morphologically (and taxonomically) distinct species.

Because it is sometimes difficult to discern between subspecies and stable species, additional criteria using a historical, or phylogenetic, dimension has been devised. A species is distinguished from another in this form when there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent.

Leran more about  Species at https://brainly.com/question/1023983

#SPJ4

The pollen grain is a seed plant's microsporangium that is protected by a hard sporopollenin coat.

Seed plants produce pollen, which is a collection of microspores that typically takes the form of fine dust. Seed plants produce pollen, which is a collection of microspores that typically takes the form of fine dust. A variety of pressures cause each pollen grain, a small body with a specific shape and structure, to be moved from the male structures of seed-bearing plants to the female structures, where fertilization takes place (such as wind, water, insects, etc.). The anthers of flowering plant stamens create pollen in angiosperms. Pollen is composed of a reproductive cell and one or more vegetative cells.

To learn more about pollen please click on the given link: https://brainly.com/question/12056379

#SPJ4

The presence of fluorescent cells in the tadpole's brain and skin implies that the single blastomere injected with the fluorescent dye at the 32-cell stage had already undergone differentiation and was multipotent.

This shows that at the time the blastomere was injected, it had already differentiated into numerous cell lineages that gave birth to cells in both the tadpole's brain and skin. According to the results of the fate mapping experiment, the injected blastomere had already committed to separate lineages that gave birth to cells in both the brain and the skin.

A blastomere is a single cell formed during early embryonic development from the division of a zygote (fertilised egg). Blastomeres are crucial for researching embryonic development because the cells may be isolated and analysed separately.

For more such questions on blastomere, click on:

https://brainly.com/question/28303467

#SPJ4

In short, preformationism is a theory that suggests that all of an organism's traits are inherited from one of its parents

Preformationism theory was popular in the 17th and 18th centuries but has since been discredited by modern genetics. According to preformationism, an organism's traits are determined entirely by the traits of one of its parents, and there is no blending or interaction between the traits of the two parents.

This theory is in contrast to the modern understanding of inheritance, which recognizes that traits are inherited from both parents and that there is often a complex interplay between different genes and environmental factors in determining an organism's traits.

Learn more about preformationism at https://brainly.com/question/28429207

#SPJ11