Three factors inevitably lead to natural selection: most qualities are inherited, more offspring are generated than can survive, and kids with more advantageous traits will endure and create more offspring than those with less advantageous traits.
What is the impact of natural selection in genetic variation?An evolutionary mechanism is natural selection. Environment-adapted organisms have a higher chance of surviving and dispersing the genes that contributed to their success.
As it can result in adaptation and variation in a species, overproduction is sometimes referred to as a driving factor in natural selection.
Therefore, Over time, this mechanism leads to the evolution and divergence of species.
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Suppose you discovered a mutation in sea urchins that caused them to produce eggs with an overly dense vitelline envelope. What would you expect to see if you combined these eggs with normal sperm?.
When an egg and a sperm fuse, they combine into a new cell called a zygote.
What do we get when sperm and egg combine?When an egg and a sperm fuse, they combine into a new cell called a zygote. The zygote contains all the genetic information it needs to become a new individual. This new cell then divides over and over, eventually forming a complete organism with the same genes in each cell.
Is a zygote a fertilized egg?The fertilized egg (zygote) divides repeatedly as it moves down the fallopian tube to the uterus. First, the zygote becomes a solid ball of cells. Then it becomes a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst.
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the following statements concerning petroleum are all true except: a. some of the commercial uses of petroleum fractions include gasoline and kerosene. b. it is a thick, dark liquid composed mostly of hydrocarbons. c. all of its hydrocarbon chains contain the same number of carbon atoms. d. it was probably formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. e. it must be separated into fractions (by boiling) in order to be used efficiently.
The following statements regarding petroleum are all actual besides option c. all of its hydrocarbon chains incorporate the same quantity of carbon atoms.
Option call of its hydrocarbon chains incorporates the identical variety of carbon atoms.
A hydrocarbon chain is a natural molecule along with nothing else however carbon and hydrogen atoms are arranged in a chain. The carbon atoms are interconnected to each different by way of covalent bonding.
Hydrocarbons are compounds that include the handiest carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are the best form of carbon-based total compounds, however, they can vary substantially in length. The smallest hydrocarbons have just one or two carbon atoms. the largest hydrocarbons may also have heaps of carbon atoms.
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5. Social support can
Select one:
a. reduce blood pressure
b. prevent infections
c. reduce circulating stress hormones
d. all of the above
Social support can reduce blood pressure, prevent infections, reduce circulating stress hormones.
The importance of social support was greater for those with higher blood pressure. Men in their middle years and older adults who do not live with their wives may be especially at risk for hypertension. Participation in neighborhood organizations may lower these people's blood pressure.
What about social support?Social support appears to act as a buffer, lowering or stopping physiological reactions to stress. Lifelong social buffering takes place. Stress hormones can be any of the following, but not just: The primary stress hormone in humans is cortisol. norepinephrine and adrenaline are examples of catecholamines. Vasopressin. Don Drennon-Gala and Francis Cullen, both of whom took inspiration from a variety of theoretical traditions, published works that gave rise to the social support theory. The core tenet of the idea is that the possibility of crime and delinquency is decreased by instrumental, informational, and emotional assistance. Received support, often referred to as enacted support, describes particular supporting activities (such as counsel or reassurance) provided by providers during critical periods. Additionally, structural support or functional support can be used to quantify social support. Social exclusion, unpleasant marriages or partnerships, anxiety brought on by major life changes (such as the loss of a spouse, retirement, or change in living situation), socioeconomic disadvantage, and age, racial, or sex discrimination are some examples of social stressors.Learn more about social support here:
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Climate warming trends allow plant and insect species to inhabit larger ranges. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
Global climate change will lead to the destabilization of the natural ecosystems of the planet.True is the proper response.
What does inhibition look like?Illustrations of inhibition
Your inhibition levels may be lower than they are when you are studying hard & avoiding distra-ctions if you check your cell ph-one, ch-at with friends, or head to the kitchen to fe-tch a study snack while you are studying.
How does inhabiting your body work?Inhabiting your body en-tails being conscious of it, paying attention to and learning from the constant feed-back it provides, accepting and feeling everything you experience, including pain, pleasure, happiness, and grief, and speaking of yourself as a whole being, particularly when some "part" of you is experiencing pain.
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Answer:
True
Explanation:
Neha's mother is making vegetable pickle. She does the following. Step 1 - cuts the vegetables into small pieces Step 2 - soaks the vegetables in water for sometime Step 3 - mixes the vegetables with spices Step 4 - stores the mixture in a cool dark place One of these steps may cause the pickles TO SPOIL. Which step is it likely to be?
Answer:
Step 4 will spoil the pickle
To amplify and express a gene of interest, it is first cut from the chromosomal dna and inserted into what?.
DNA sequences can be amplified after cutting chromosomal DNA with a restriction nuclease and inserting the resulting DNA fragments into the chromosome of a self-replicating genetic element.
A chromosome is an extended DNA molecule that homes all or a number of the genetic code of an organism. most chromosomes have packing proteins protecting their extraordinarily long, thin DNA fibres; in eukaryotic cells, the histones are the maximum important of these proteins.
To keep the integrity of the DNA molecule, these proteins condense and cling to it with the help of chaperone proteins. those chromosomes showcase a complicated 3-dimensional shape that is vital for controlling transcription.
below a mild microscope, chromosomes are usually most effective discernible at some point of the metaphase of cellular division.
Sister chromatids are the brand new name for the linked copies. A metaphase chromosome is an X-fashioned structure that forms at some stage in metaphase and is surprisingly compressed, making it the perfect to apprehend and look at.
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Which is the prominent c-shaped fiber tract that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?.
The noticeable c-shaped fibre tract known as the corpus callosum joins the left and right brain hemispheres. The main and greatest commissural tract that joins the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the corpus callosum.
The principal commissural portion of the brain, the corpus callosum, is made up of white matter fibres that link the left and right cerebral hemispheres.The corpus callosum, a substantial bundle of nerve fibres that connects the two halves of your brain, enables communication and signal transmission between the two halves.Moving deliberately to the left The symptoms of corpus callosum syndrome include dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyspraxia, alien hand syndrome, decreased left visual recognition, and left auditory hearing loss.
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Tetrodotoxin binds to sodium channels and blocks the passage of sodium ions. Based on this information, which symptom would most likely occur in an organism exposed to tetrodotoxin?
A.
paralysis due to lack of action potentials to signal muscle tissue
B.
blindness due to proteins in the eyes denaturing and losing functionality
C.
decreased appetite due to the production of hormones that indicate fullness
D.
increased heart rate due to increased nerve impulses to the heart muscles
Paralysis owing to a lack of action potentials to signal muscular tissue would be the tetrodotoxin exposure symptom that would most likely manifest in an organism.
The correct answer is A
Can you recover from tetrodotoxin?The toxicity of a fish is another issue. The liver and ovaries of silver-cheeked toadfish contain tetrodotoxin, as do other organs. An adult human can be killed by this potent neurotoxin at doses as little a two milligrams when it is pure. Compared to cyanide or arsenic, it is a much more powerful poison.
Exists a treatment for tetrodotoxin?No known remedy exists. Supportive care and respiratory support are the mainstays of treatment up until the tetrodotoxin was eliminated in the urine. If a patient shows up within 60 minutes of consuming anything, activated charcoal and/or gastric lavage may be performed.
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I need help on this can someone help me
Nitrogen is considered a limiting nutrient because Nitrogen stays suspended in the atmosphere and can't get to the roots of plants. Option B.
It is often a nutrient that limits the growth of an organism. This is because certain forms of nitrogen, found in nitrogen gas in the atmosphere cannot be assimilated by most organisms. Because nitrogen nutrients are water soluble, they are easily washed away making them unavailable to plants. For example, most plants typically require nitrogen daily to grow in bulk.
However, the soil contains very little nitrogen. This makes nitrogen the limiting nutrient. Nitrogen is limited because it must be fixed by bacteria in order to be converted into a form that can be used by plants and eventually passed on to animals.
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which antibacterial medication is commonly given to treat antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to clostridium difficile
Vancomycin or fidaxomicin is commonly given.
What is pseudomembranous colitis?
Intestinal inflammation is brought on by the Clostridium difficile bacteria.
The disturbance of normal, healthy bacteria in the colon, frequently as a result of antibiotics, leads to Clostridium difficile colitis. C. Additionally, spores can spread difficile from one person to another. The colon may suffer serious harm, and it might even be fatal.
Diarrhea, stomach ache, and fever are among the symptoms.
Antibiotics are used in treatment. The infection may return despite antibiotic treatment. Surgery or a fecal transplant may be required in rare circumstances.
Vancomycin or fidaxomicin (Dificid) is most frequently utilized, depending on your condition. Metronidazole (Flagyl), which is an alternative if these medications are unavailable or cannot be tolerated, can be utilized.
Your doctor might advise a vancomycin enema or oral vancomycin combined with intravenous metronidazole for severe disease.
Hence, vancomycin or fidaxomicin is commonly given to treat antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to clostridium difficile.
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how is an hfr chromosome formed? how is an hfr chromosome formed? by a specific deletion mutation in the bacterial chromosome by a specific gene duplication in the f-plasmid by integration of the f-plasmid into the bacterial chromosome by a point mutation in a bacterial gene that is essential for conjugation request answer
An IS element on the F-plasmid and the identical IS element on the host chromosome can recombine to create Hfrs. Many bacterial chromosomes include multiple IS insertions. Consider the wild-type E.
Because they frequently transfer chromosomal genes, bacteria with an F-plasmid incorporated into the chromosome are referred to as Hfr strains.
A bacterium having a conjugative plasmid (such as the F-factor) incorporated into its chromosomal DNA is known as a high-frequency recombination cell (Hfr cell), sometimes known as a Hfr strain. The incorporation of the plasmid into the cell's chromosome is by homologous recombination. F plasmids, not the complete chromosome, are often transferred to the recipient bacterium during bacterial conjugation. Those bacteria are referred to as F+ strains or donors if they carry the F plasmid. They can create sex pili and transfer plasmids to other bacteria that take them in.
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The three-layer fibrous membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are collectively called the.
Meninges are considered as the three-layer fibrous membranes collectively surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
The brain and spinal cord are shielded by three layers of membranes called meninges. The Pia mater is the thin inner layer. The arachnoid, a structure resembling a web filled with fluid, is the middle layer and protects the brain. The durable outer layer is referred to as the dura mater. Meninges and CSF's main purpose, according to conventional wisdom, is to protect the central nervous system (CNS).
This is primarily due to the meninges' ability to tightly anchor the central nervous system (CNS) to the nearby bones, preventing side-to-side movement and promoting stability. The CNS's delicate organs are shielded from trauma by the meninges, which act as a barrier of defense. It also has a large number of blood vessels that carry blood to the CNS tissue.
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During which part of the action potential do most voltage-gated sodium channels open?.
Depolarization Once the membrane potential of the cell exceeds a threshold, voltage-gated sodium channels start to open. Rapid sodium inflow causes a significant depolarization known as the rising phase.
When the membrane potential in their vicinity depolarizes, voltage-gated sodium channels, which are transmembrane proteins, open, allowing sodium to flow from the area of higher concentration (typically the cell's exterior at resting potential) to the area of lower concentration (typically the interior of the cell).The P wave, which denotes the atria's depolarization, is typically the first wave recorded in an electrocardiogram (ECG). The QRS complex then develops as a result. The depolarization of the ventricles is represented by the QRS wave. The ventricles constrict during the depolarization phase, forcing blood into the atria. Therefore, depolarization of the ventricles is the right response.
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Which is an energy conversion that occurs during cellular respiration?
A. ADP -> ATP
B. FADH2 -> FAD
C. pyruvate -> glucose
D. light energy -> chemical energy
Answer:
i am not tottly sure it may be D or c
Explanation:
Answer:
"Plants use cellular respiration to convert glucose into ATP, which is the form of energy cells can use to drive other cellular processes." with this being said, the best answer would probably be A
Explanation:
describe the events that occur from the time a motor neuron releases acetylcholine at the myoneural junction until muscle cell contraction occurs
The events that occur from the time a motor neuron releases acetycholine at the myoneural junction until muscle cell contraction trigger the occurence of the action potential.
The permeability of the cell membrane at the motor end plate is altered by the release of acetylcholine by the motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction. An action potential is set off by the change in permeability, which permits the inflow of positive charge.
The action potential permeates the entire surface of the muscle fibre and travels through the T tubules to the interior. A contraction begins when the amount of calcium ions in the cytoplasm (which have been released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum) increases. When AChE removes the ACh from the motor end plate and synaptic cleft, the contraction comes to an end.
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Help with question 3 and help fill out the list. The gizmo is called Cell Types
All mentioned cells are eukaryotic and all have a membrane-bound nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles and vacuoles, ribosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoplasm
What are cell organelles?Cellular components are called organelles. These cellular organelles include both membrane-bound and non-membrane-bound organelles that exist within the cell and differ in structure and function. They coordinate and function efficiently for the normal functioning of cells. Some of them function by giving shape and support, while others are involved in cell migration and regeneration.
For the given data;
Mouse skin, fly muscle are animal cells that contain the following organelles: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and vacuoles, ribosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
Maple leaf and elodea are plant cells containing the following organelles: mitochondria, a nucleus, ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, Golgi body, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane.
Fungus cells contain the following organelles: nucleus: endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, and vacuoles.
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which of the following is an accurate description of what happens in a cell during metaphase i? select one: crossing over occurs homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell the nuclear envelope breaks up sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles
In metaphase I the chromosome tetrads align or line up in the middle of the cell.
The first stage of the meiotic cell division cycle is known as metaphase I. It is a crucial stage since it decides how many chromosomes each daughter cell will have. The sister chromatids, which are each cell's two copies of a chromosome, migrate in opposite directions during metaphase I.The lining-up phase of metaphase I in meiosis I moves rather quickly. At the metaphase (or equatorial) plate, which is a pair of chromosomes with four chromatids (2 originals, 2 copies), tetrads or bivalents are arranged in a straight line. This plate is a hypothetical centre line along which the chromosomes are positioned; it does not actually exist.Each pair's particular chromosome stays close to its companion and stacks one chromosome on top of the other. One chromosome will eventually migrate to one pole and the other to the opposing pole as a result of this. Furthermore, it is irrelevant which way these chromosomes are oriented horizontally in relation to this hypothetical line. Either parent's DNA may be on either side of the cell.To know more about Metaphase I check below link:
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although we study the citric acid cycle as the final stage oxidation of carbon from glucose, an in-depth look at the cycle shows intermediates entering and leaving the cycle from a number of metabolic pathways. with all of these demands on the cycle, how does it maintain a minimal level of oxaloacetate (oaa) to allow the cycle to function?
When the potential level of cell is high, OAA can be produced by the condense of two mole of acetyl CoA.
What is an example of metabolic?Both the synthesis and decomposition of glucose molecules are examples of biosynthetic processes. The term "metabolic pathway" refers to a network of linked chemical events that support one another. Through a sequence of intermediates, the route transforms one or more source molecules into products.
What are the metabolic syndrome's five telltale symptoms?Abdominal obesity, high cholesterol, impaired fasting, elevated lipid levels, and low HDL levels are among the group of metabolic factors. The chance of acquiring mellitus, heart disease, dementia, or all three is significantly increased by metabolic syndrome.
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for 40 pionts!!!
23. Which of these is a feature of most shield volcanoes?
*
1 point
violent eruptions
steep sides
broad base
thick lava
24. Correctly identify these terms for where an Earthquake occurs. [A,B,C]
A.Fault, B.Epicenter, C.Focus
A.Fault, B.Focus, C.Epicenter
A.Focus, B.Epicenter, C.Fault
A.Focus, B.Fault, C.Epicenter
25. Which waves arrive 2nd at the Epicenter, move the slowest and do the most damage?
*
1 point
P waves
S- waves
26. Identify plate boundaries locations where earthquakes may occur....
*
1 point
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Transform Plate Boundaries
Earthquakes can occur at all boundary types
27. What is the importance of Seafloor Spreading to the Theory of Plate Tectonics?
*
1 point
Where new crust is created as plates move and pull apart
Where many fossils have been found on the sea floor
Where coal deposits have been found connect to other plates
Where glacial deposits indicate it was once frozen
28. The volcanoes (red dots) in this map are MOST LIKELY caused by
*
1 point
Captionless Image
folding.
subduction.
metamorphism.
seafloor spreading.
Answer:
23. broad Base
24. A
25. S-waves are slower than P-waves.
26. Divergent Plate boundaries
*You do realize that your violating community guidelines by asking 6 different questions on one Question.
Your Welcome
Cellular respiration is balanced by photosynthesis; the two processes work together to maintain the cycling of carbon and oxygen among earth systems. What describes the roles of carbon dioxide and water in these two processes?.
The statement that best describes the roles of carbon dioxide and water in these two processes is as follows:
Carbon dioxide and water are the reactants of photosynthesis and the products of cellular respiration.
Green plants and certain other species employ the process of photosynthesis to create food from carbon dioxide and water with the help of sunlight. In most cases, the green pigment chlorophyll is used in photosynthesis in plants, which produces oxygen as a byproduct.
Plants absorb water and carbon dioxide from the air and soil during photosynthesis. Water is oxidized, which means it loses electrons, while carbon dioxide is reduced, which means it receives electrons, inside the plant cell. Water is converted into oxygen and carbon dioxide into glucose as a result.
A biological process known as cellular respiration is one in which, in the presence of oxygen, a kind of sugar known as glucose is converted into energy in the form of ATP. This effort is necessary to complete metabolic activities.
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in aphasia, the ability to speak or read is affected. a deficit in which of the following cortical areas would not lead to aphasia?
The following parts of the brain would not cause aphasia: prefrontal cortex.
n the case of a patient with Broca's aphasia, which lobe of the brain is affected?
Damage to the frontal lobe of the brain is what causes Broca's aphasia in sufferers. Because the frontal lobe has a role in motor movements as well, they frequently develop right-sided weakness or paralysis of the arm and leg.
Which of the following describes the symptoms of Broca's aphasia?Grammar errors or absences are signs of Broca's aphasia. a hard time making entire sentences. by leaving out specific words like "the," "an," "and," and "is" Instead of saying "I want the cup," a person with Broca's aphasia would say, "Cup, me."
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which features are associated with the tracheal epithelium? multiple select question. goblet cells stratified squamous tissue mucous keratin cilia pseudostratified columnar cells
The features are associated with the tracheal epithelium are goblet cells, mucous, cilia and pseudostratified columnar cells.
The trachea and upper respiratory tract include ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells, whose cilia and mucus secretions assist gather foreign objects so you can cough or sneeze them out.The inside lining of the trachea is coated with goblet cells' sticky mucus, which traps any foreign objects in the air before they enter the lungs.Long, hair-like cilia beat together on the surface of the columnar cells to force mucus away from the lungs like a microscopic conveyer belt.In the trachea and bronchi, the respiratory epithelium is pseudostratified and primarily made up of the three cell types cilia cells, goblet cells, and basal cells. The apical surface is covered with ciliated cells, which help move mucus along the airway tract.To know more trachea check the link below:
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hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone would produce changes in the bone similar to those associated with
Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone would produce changes in the bone similar to those associated with Osteomalacia.
Osteomalacia is the softening of bones that occurs because of a problem with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium.
Complexity in hyperparathyroidism may cause the long-term effect of very less calcium in your bones or higher amount of calcium in your bloodstream. Complications Associated with this condition is Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia . The loss of calcium from bones often results in weak, brittle bones that break easily.
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b. excluding the possible rare polycistronic message, how can a single mrna molecule in a eukaryotic cell produce proteins with different activities?
A single eukaryotic gene can give rise to multiple different proteins due to alternative slicing mechanisms and different promoters.
What is eukaryotic gene?A typical eukaryotic gene consists of a series of sequences found in the mature mRNA (called exons) interrupted by introns. Intergenic regions are also not expressed, but they help chromatin assembly and may contain promoters.Eukaryotic gene is linear, condensed into chromosomes by histones, and telomeres at both ends to protect it from decay. Prokaryotes contain circular DNA in addition to smaller transmissible DNA plasmids.Eukaryotic gene consists of mitochondrial DNA in addition to nuclear DNA. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic gene can regulate gene expression at different levels. Eukaryotic gene expression begins with controlling access to DNA. This form of regulation, called epigenetic regulation, occurs before transcription is initiated.To learn more about eukaryotic gene from the given link :
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what is the definition of the word symbiosis
Answer:
interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.
Explanation:
hope this helps
Symbiosis means the interaction between two different organisms.
A scientist makes primers specific to a particular str fragment in elephants. These primers are then used to amplify the str fragment from 10 different elephants. Would you expect the fragment to be the same size in all the elephants? explain your answer.
The STR fragments will have different sizes for different animals.
STR means Short Tandem Repeats. STR forms the genome's microsatellite region. STR or microsatellite is that region of the genome where, about two to seven base pairs of the DNA, are repeated multiple times. Such sequences can have a few hundred repeats.
While replicating these micro-satellite regions, the accuracy of the DNA polymerase in proofreading the sequence of the newly synthesized strand, decreases, due to the multiple repeats. As a result of this, the DNA polymerase either adds more or adds less of such repeated sequences as compared to the parental DNA sequence.
This results in the generation of polymorphism in the repeat regions. Due to the difference in the size of the STR in different individuals, the size of the fragment amplified through PCR will vary for different elephants.
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Identify this instrument.
A. Microscope
B. Refracting telescope
C. Reflecting telescope
D. Radio Telescope
Answer:
B. Retracting Telescope
the answer is: B. Refracting telescope
Plants have cells, tissues, organs, and systems that allow them to function as complete organisms. Which parts of a plant function as an organ?.
The organ-like function of leaves makes them a part of a plant.
What is the main function of plants?Find out why plants use photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Plants are significantly different from other species due to their autotrophic lifestyle (self-feeding). Autotrophs are able to synthesize their own sustenance from inorganic materials through a process known as photosynthesis.In addition to using photosynthesis to create food and oxygen, plants actively absorb carbon dioxide from the environment. This is a crucial function for the natural carbon cycle because it enables the recycling of carbon. Animals in the wild can also find shelter and safety in plants.The stamen and pistil, which are essential parts of a flower, carry out the process of seed formation. If the stamens and pistils are both functioning, a flower is said to be perfect.To learn more about function of plants refer to:
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Annie wants to study the effect of glucose on bacterial colonies. She grows two colonies of bacteria—one with glucose present in the environment and one in an environment without glucose. Categorize the statements about the experiment as either hypotheses or observations.
Glucose may cause
an increase in
bacterial growth.
The bacterial colonies grown
without glucose don’t have
capsules around their cells.
Bacterial growth in the
glucose environment
increased rapidly and
then stopped after
some time.
Increased glucose may
lead to capsule
formation in bacteria.
The statements that are hypotheses are: (1)Glucose may cause an increase in bacterial growth; (4) Increased glucose may lead to capsule formation in bacteria.
The statements that are observations are: (2) The bacterial colonies grown without glucose don’t have capsules around their cells; (3) Bacterial growth in the glucose environment increased rapidly and then stopped after some time.
Glucose is the main food component of microorganism as well as many large organisms including humans. It is the source of instant energy. Glucose is broken down inside the living body to yield energy in the form of ATP.
Capsule is the layer present outside of the cell envelope and is made up of carbohydrates. The main role of capsules is to protect the bacterial cell from phagocytosis or death by the immune cells of the host body.
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In the gal gene system, which protein binds to the activation domain of the activator protein, ultimately blocking transcription in the absence of galactose?.
GAL80 binds to the activation domain of the activator protein, ultimately blocking transcription in the absence of galactose.
What is GAL system?
The GAL4-UAS system is a biochemical method used to study gene expression and function in organisms such as the fruit fly (Drosophila).
The GAL genes provide a closely regulated system in which to study gene-specific chromatin structure. GAL structural genes are inactive without galactose but are highly transcribed in its presence; the expression patterns of the regulatory genes can account for many of the features of GAL structural gene control.
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