When radioactive atoms decay, they give off alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays in addition to radiation.
Alpha particles are made up of two protons and two neutrons, making them similar to a helium nucleus. They have a positive charge and are relatively large and slow-moving. Beta particles are high-energy electrons or positrons, and are much smaller and faster than alpha particles. They have a negative charge. Gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic radiation, similar to X-rays. They have no mass and no charge and are the most energetic and penetrating of the three types of particles. These particles are emitted during the radioactive decay process, and the type and amount of particles emitted depends on the specific isotope undergoing decay.
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What gas is not used during fermentation ?
Fermentation does not require oxygen as it is an anaerobic process. If oxygen is present, pyruvate will be completely oxidized to water and carbon dioxide molecules by some yeast species spiration. On the other hand, yeast species will produce ethanol only in an anaerobic environment by a process called Pasteur Effect.
What is fermentationFermentation is a process of energy production in cells with a state anaerobic (without oxygen) that produces changes in organic biochemistry through the action of enzymes. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration in general, but there is a more precise definition that defines fermentation as respiration in an anaerobic environment without the presence of an external electron acceptor. Examples of fermentation can be found in bread making, wine (beer) and cheese making.
Sugar is a common ingredient in fermentation. Some examples of fermented products are ethanol, lactic acid and hydrogen. However, several other components can also be produced from fermentation, such as butyric acid and acetone. Yeast is a common fermenting agent used to produce ethanol in beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages. Anaerobic respiration (without external electron acceptor) in mammalian muscles during hard work can be classified as a form of fermentation which produces lactic acid as a by-product. This accumulation of lactic acid can cause muscle fatigue.
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Billy, the toolbox, took out a bag of sugar when he heard that the fern was in need of glucose. But the chloroplast said there was no need. Why?
From Mosa mack
The chloroplast was not in need of glucose as itself manufactures and stores glucose during the process of photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis?
It is defined as a process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert the light energy in to chemical energy through the process of cellular respiration.
Some of the energy which is converted is stored in molecules of carbohydrates like sugar and starches which are made up of from carbon dioxide and water . Photosynthetic organisms which can perform photosynthesis are algae and cyanobacteria. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the content of oxygen in earth's atmosphere.
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the substances initially involved in a chemical reaction
The substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants.
They are the substances that are present at the start of the reaction and are transformed into different substances, known as products, during the reaction. The reactants are written on the left side of a chemical equation and the products are written on the right side.
In a chemical reaction,
Reactants are the starting materials that are transformed into different substances called products. These substances participate in the chemical reaction by forming new chemical bonds, breaking existing bonds, or both. The reactants are listed on the left side of a chemical equation, while the products are listed on the right side.Example:
In the reaction between hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) to form water (H2O), the reactants are H2 and O2, and the product is H2O. This reaction can be represented by the equation: H2 + O2 -> H2O
In this equation, the reactants H2 and O2 are listed on the left side of the arrow and the product H2O is listed on the right side.
It is important to note that the number of atoms of each element on the reactants side and products side must be equal. This principle is called the law of conservation of mass.
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The solubility curve of z(molar mass = 160gmol per 0.4 0.3 0.2 0. 40. 80 200cm ³ of a saturated Solution of x at 80°c was cooled to 40°C. What weight of x will crystallizes out
For the solubility curve of saturated solution x, The weight of x will crystallizes out will be 16g.
Saturated Solution: What does that mean?When all of the solute has been dissolved, a solution is said to be saturated. In a saturated solution, no more solute may dissolve after a given temperature. We can make a saturated solution by attempting to dissolve the solute until further attempts are futile.
a mixture once the solvent has completely dissolved. Any extra solute will crystallize and sink to the bottom of the vessel.
When a solution reaches a given temperature, no more solute can be dissolved, it is said to be saturated. For instance, adding sodium chloride (NaCl) to water at room temperature results in the formation of a saturated solution.
At 80°C, we have 1000cm³ = 0.4mol/cm³
40°C = 0.3mol/cm³
hence, the loss in concentration = 0.1mol/cm³
= 0.1 x 160 = 16g
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Complete question -
For each of the formulas, classify the formula as either an empirical formula, a molecular formula, or both. Nahco3 c2h6.
Sodium bicaronate's empirical and molecular formulas are both NaHCO3. The empirical formula for C2 H6 is CH3.
What does "structural formula" mean?
Chemical bonds connecting the atoms of a molecule are located in structural formulae. A structural formula is made up of symbols for the atoms joined by brief lines that stand in for chemical bonds. Single, double, and triple bonds are denoted by one, two, or three lines, respectively.
If we look at the molecular formula for NaHCO3, we can see that it has a molar ratio of 1:1:1:3 and that everything in this molar ratio results in a total mass of: 23g + 1g + 12g + 48g = 84g. Knowing that the molecular formula shows the total molar ratio of each element in a compound, while the empirical formula shows the simplest ratio of the elements present in a compound.
To determine the empirical formula of C2 H6 , you divide the molecular formula by a number that gives the smallest ratio of atoms. So, we divide C2 H6 by 2 to determine the empirical formula CH3. Structural formula in picture given.
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Answer:
Both and then Molecular
Explanation:
what should you do if all of the solvent evaporates while you are cooling your recrystallization beaker?
If this occurs, just redissolve the solute with more solvent because the chemical that crystallized out of solution owing to evaporation is unlikely to be pure. the solvent evaporates recrystallization .
while you are cooling your recrystallization. Recrystallization is a physical process for purifying compounds depending on their solubility. The procedure is finished by heating the material to dissolve the chemical with impurities in a solvent combination. Recrystallization is a method used in chemistry to purify compounds. When a compound and impurities combination is dissolved in a suitable solvent, either the desired compound or the impurities can be extracted from the solution, leaving the other behind. It gets its name from the crystals that form when the chemical precipitates. Recrystallization can also refer to the natural formation of bigger ice crystals at the cost of smaller ones.
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How many significant figures does the number 48.050 have?
Answer: 5 -There are 5 significant figures in 48.050. Count the number of significant figures. Non-zero digits, zeros found between two significant digits, and zeros following a significant digit in a decimal are significant.
Explanation:
Compared with solid ionic compounds, solid molecular compounds generally...A) have lower melting pointsB) are more brittleC) are harderD) conduct electricity as liquids
A) have lower melting points. Solid molecular compounds often have lower melting points than solid ionic ones. Chemical substances known as molecular compounds assume the shape of distinct molecules.
Molecular compounds are made up of separate molecules that are connected by sharing electrons (covalent bonding). Examples include water, which has molecules of H2O, methane, which has molecules of CH4, and hydrogen fluoride, which has molecules of HF. Ionic bonding will often be present in compounds when a metal is bound to either a non-metal or a semi-metal. Molecular compounds are those that include just non-metals or semi-metals combined with non-metals and exhibit covalent bonding. Nonmetals are used to create molecular (or covalent) compounds. Compound molecules are created when certain quantities of atoms from several elements combine. Water, ammonia, and carbon dioxide are among examples. Metals and nonmetals are used to create ionic compounds.
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how many grams of gold are produced if 123.7g of potassium react with gold chloride
If 123.7 g of potassium reacts with gold chloride, the amount of gold produced would be 208.79 grams.
Stoichiometric problemPotassium metal reacts with gold chloride to produce potassium chloride and gold metal according to the following chemical reaction:
[tex]3K + AuCl_3 -- > 3KCl + Au[/tex]
Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass
123.7 g of potassium would be equivalent to: 123.7/39 = 3.17 mol
From the equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of potassium to gold is 3:1. Thus, the mole equivalent of the produced gold would be:
3.17/3 = 1.06 mol
Mass = mole x molar mass
1.06 mol of gold would be equivalent to: 1.06 x 196.97 = 208.79 grams
In other words, the amount of gold produced from the reaction of 123.7 g of potassium with gold chloride would be 208.79 grams.
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Is NaCl a nonpolar covalent bond?.
No, NaCl is not a nonpolar covalent bond. NaCl, also known as table salt, is an ionic compound, not a covalent compound.
Ionic compounds are formed when a metal and a nonmetal combine, and the bond between them is an ionic bond. In the case of NaCl, the sodium atom donates an electron to the chlorine atom, creating a positive ion (Na+) and a negative ion (Cl-), which are held together by the electrostatic attraction between the ions.
Covalent compounds, on the other hand, are formed when nonmetal atoms share electrons in order to fill their valence shells. Covalent bonds can be polar or nonpolar. A polar covalent bond occurs when the electrons are not shared equally between the atoms. In contrast, a nonpolar covalent bond occurs when the electrons are shared equally between the atoms, creating a symmetrical distribution of electron density.
In summary, NaCl is an ionic compound formed by the combination of a metal (Na) and a nonmetal (Cl) by an ionic bond, not a covalent bond, and it is not a polar or nonpolar covalent bond.
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carbohydrate workshop
1- Classify each of the following monosaccharides as aldose or ketose:
2- Identify each of the following cyclic structures as the α or β form:
3- Identify each of the following cyclic structures as the α or β form:
Following is the classification of monosaccharides as aldose or ketose and structures as the α or β form.
What distinguishes beta and a-anomers from one another?The main distinction between alpha and beta anomers is that the hydroxyl group at the anomeric carbon in the former is in cis to the exocyclic oxygen at the anomeric center, while the latter has the hydroxyl group in trans.
If the substituent off the anomeric center in a Fischer projection is on the same side as the configurational (D- or L-) carbon's oxygen, it is the —anomer. It is the -anomer if it is pointed in the other direction.
18.5
A) Ketose
B) Aldose
C) Ketose
D) Aldose
E) Aldose
18.11
A) α form:
B) β form:
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bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are___
Bonds between atoms having the same value of electronegativity in the bond, is called as the non-polar covalent bond.
A covalent bond is a chemical bond between two atoms in which pairs of electrons are shared between both the two atoms. The covalent bond is also called a molecular bond. The forces of attraction or repulsion acting between two atoms, when they both share electron pair or bonding pair, is called as Covalent Bonding. If the atoms have the same electronegativity, they will share their valence electrons equally with each other. This type of a covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between the two bonded atoms is called a non-polar covalent bond.
Covalent bonding also includes many kinds or types of interactions, including σ-bonding (sigma bonding), π-bonding ( pi bonding), metal-to-metal bonding, bent bonds, agostic bonding, three-center two-electron bonds and three-center four-electron bonds.
On the other hand, a polar covalent bond is formed between two non-metal atoms that have different electronegativities. Thus the electrons consisting the bond are unevenly shared between th atoms of a polar covalent bond.
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On each chair structure identify the relationship of the substituents as cis or trans? a. I = trans; Il trans b. I=cis; Il = cis c. I = trans; Il = cis d. I=cis; Il trans e. not possible to tell while in a chair structure
The chair structure I has the trans confirmation and the chair structure II has the cis confirmation.
A particular structure can have two isomers, namely, the cis and the trans isomers. The confirmation is said to be cis confirmation when both the substituents are facing in same axial or equatorial plane. The confirmation is said to be trans when both the substituents are facing in the opposite planes.
In the structure I, we can see that both the groups are facing in the opposite planes and hence the structure must have a trans confirmation. In structure two, the groups are in the same plane and hence the confirmation is a cis confirmation.
Hence, the correct option is c. I = trans; II = cis.
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how can a small contained fire be extinguished most easily?
A. Use a fire extinguisher B. Use water C. Call the instructor D. Smother the fire with a small container
To extinguish or put off a small contained (non-spreading) fire, an efficient and easy way is to smother the contained fire with another container or equipment so that no oxygen can further react with the fire.
Safety methods and safety precautions are very crucial and important while performing an experiment or while doing some research work in a laboratory or in general whenever working with hazardous inflammable substances.
During any fire hazard, safety measures differ in forms and procedures relative to the intensity and spread of the fire.
While any major fire breakout, the initial/primary action should be getting yourself to safety first while pushing the fire alarm (if available) or informing the fire extinguishing team. To put off a huge fire by manual work yourself or smothering it, won't generally work in the situation.
For any minor fire hazard, as for a small contained fire, for an instance if a fire breaks out in a beaker, then the easiest way would be to smother the contained fire so as no more oxygen gas from the air can enter into the container. Gradually the oxygen (or any other fuel) present in the container would wear out or finish as it gets used and no more combustible substance would be present to help the fire to expand.
Therefore, using extinguisher, or water, or calling the instructor are not the better ways to extinguish a small contained fire.
Hence, Option D among the options is the correct answer to the question.
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A sealed container can hold
6.28 L CO2 at 1.00 atm and 293 K.
How many moles of CO2 fill the
container?
Answer:
0.26
Explanation:
PV=nRT
n= PV/RT
n = (1*6.28)/(0.082*293)
n=0.26 moles
two atoms that have the same mass number must have the same____
Answer: Two atoms that have the same mass number must have the same number of protons and neutrons
Explanation: I hope this helps!
which types of reactions are essentially opposites of one another?
Synthesis reaction and Decomposition reaction are two essentially opposite reactions to one another.
The reaction that occurs when two different atoms or molecules interact to form a different molecule or compound is known as the synthesis reaction.
For example, the formation of Sodium Chloride ([tex]NaCl[/tex]) from Sodium ([tex]Na[/tex]) and Chlorine([tex]Cl_2[/tex]). The reaction can be given by the chemical equation:
[tex]2Na+Cl_2 \rightarrow2NaCl[/tex]
The reaction that occurs when one reactant breaks down into two or more products is known as the decomposition reaction.
For example, the decomposition of Calcium Carbonate([tex]CaCO_3[/tex]) by heat into Calcium Oxide ([tex]CaO[/tex]) and Carbon Di-Oxide([tex]CO_2[/tex]). The reaction can be given by the chemical equation:
[tex]CaCO_3\rightarrow CaO+CO_2[/tex]
Hence, Synthesis reaction and Decomposition reaction are two essentially opposite reactions to one another.
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heisenberg uncertainty principle definition chemistry
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that the speed and position both cannot be known with perfect accuracy, the more we know about the position, the less we know about speed.
There are certain circumstances that explain that both the position and speed can be found out at the same time like in vehicles, but the uncertainty principle incorporates the uncertainties that are too small as compared to an ordinary object. And this principle is based on the wave duality of matter. It has a mathematical form of Δ x. ΔV≥[tex]\frac{h}{4 pi m}[/tex]
where V is representing velocity, x is representing position, h is the Planck constant and m is the mass of the object.
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Substance A is a liquid at room temperature and pressure, while substance B is a gas under the same conditions. Both are molecular substances. Based on this observation, we can say that the intermolecular attractions in substance A are __________ those in substance B.
A. Stronger than
B. The same strength as
C. Weaker than
Substance A is liquid at room temperature and pressure, while substance B is gas under the same conditions.Based on this observation, we can say that intermolecular attractions in substance A are stronger than those in substance B.
What are intermolecular attractions?Intermolecular attractions is a force by which atoms in a molecule combine. it is basically an attractive force in nature. It can act between an ion and an atom as well.It varies for different states of matter that is solids, liquids and gases.
The forces of attraction are maximum in solids as the molecules present in solid are tightly held while it is minimum in gases as the molecules are far apart . The forces of attraction in liquids is intermediate of solids and gases.
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scientists have made a breakthrough in their mission to reverse aging
The given statement "scientists have reached a main milestone in learning how to reverse aging" is true because scientists have investigated that lifestyle interventions, such as proper and healthy diet, exercise and supplements can reverse aging.
Scientific studies reveal that lifestyle interventions, including diet, exercise, and supplements can reverse aging. For instance, in one of the studies, patients were put on a healthy diet, had to take particular supplements, and exercise. After 8 weeks of following this plan, their epigenetic age was reversed by almost two years.
Thus, the given statement correctly specifies that scientists have achieved a big milesotme to reduce or reverse aging.
"
Complete question
scientists have reached a key milestone in learning how to reverse aging
True
False
"
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what is the correct reading for the graduated cylinder in the close-up? make sure to report your reading with the appropriate significant figures.
Select one :
41 mL
39.5 mL
40.05 mL
40.5 mL
40.50 mL
Answer: The correct volumetric reading for the above measuring tube is 40.5 ml.
What are Significant Figures in Measurement?
Measured size numbers are not exact, as opposed to defined sizes or directly counted sizes. To measure the volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder, we need to read the bottom of the meniscus, the lowest point on the curved surface of the liquid.
We know there are three significant digits in graduated tube measurement . Two digits are reliable and one digit is uncertain.
Here in the above measurements the the reliable volume measurement is 40 ml and the uncertain digit is 5.
Hence, the correct answer is 40.5 ml.
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The loss of part or all of a forest, _____, is a major threat to biodiversity.
1)Deforestation
2)Damming
3)Drainage
4)Poaching
Answer: #1 deforestation
Explanation:
Find the molecular formula for a compound made up of 76.6 % carbon, 6.4 %
hydrogen, and 17.0% oxygen by mass that has a molar mass of 94.12 g/mol.
A chemical with a mass composition of 76.6% carbon, 6.4 hydrogen, and 17.0% oxygen with a molar mass of 94.12 g/mol has the molecular formula C6H6O.
What is the empirical formula for a substance that contains 94% oxygen and 6% hydrogen?A substance with a mass percentage of 94% oxygen and 6% hydrogen has the empirical formula OH. It might seem that oxygen and hydrogen should be present in greater proportions in the empirical formula, but keep in mind that the percentages are based on the mass of the elements.
What is the empirical equation for 7.7% hydrogen and 92.3% carbon?In a hydrocarbon, carbon makes up 92.3% of the mass and hydrogen makes up 7.7%. The compound's empirical formula will be revealed. HCHC5, HCHC3.
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what is the weathering of rocks by chemicals called____
Weathering of rocks by chemicals called the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earths surface.
What is meant by rocks?
Any naturally occurring solid mass or combination of minerals or mineraloid materials is referred to as rock (or stone) in geology.It is divided into groups based on the minerals it contains, its chemical make-up, and how it is produced.Except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere, the Earth's crust and the majority of its interior are made of rocks. Petrology and mineralogy are just two of the many geology subdisciplines that are involved in the study of rocks.It might only cover rocks found on Earth, or it might also cover planetary geology, which examines materials from other celestial bodies.To learn more about rocks refer to
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which micropipette should you use to most accurately dispense 125 microliters of solution?
An adjustable-volume micropipette with a range of 0.5-10 μL would be the most accurate for dispensing 125 μL of solution.
What is the micropipette ?
A micropipette is a precision instrument used to accurately measure and transfer very small volumes of liquid, typically between 0.5 µL and 10 mL. It is commonly used in laboratories to prepare samples for chemical analysis and in medical applications to dispense precise amounts of medication. The micropipette is composed of a plunger, a tip, and a cylinder. The plunger is used to draw liquid into the tip, and the cylinder is used to release the liquid. The micropipette is usually operated using a thumbwheel or a push button that controls the plunger. The tip of the micropipette is designed to fit a range of different sized microtubes, allowing for accurate and repeatable transfer of liquids. The micropipette can be calibrated for accuracy, making it an invaluable tool for laboratories that need precise measurements of liquids.
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Which types of posted signs convey information about chemical storage? (Select all that apply)
Hazard signs such as "Flammable," "Oxidizer," and "Corrosive"
Exit sign
Gas Cylinder sign
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) diamond
Safety equipment signs such as "Safety Shower" and "Eyewash Station"
Hazard signs such as "Flammable," "Oxidizer," and "Corrosive" National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) diamond Gas Cylinder sign posted signs convey information about chemical storage.
Pictograms are pictorial symbols that are used to express particular information about a chemical's risks. OSHA mandates pictograms on principal labels to indicate chemical dangers. The exact OSHA danger categorization determines each pictogram(s). There are several forms of risks in the workplace, including chemical, ergonomic, physical, and psychological hazards, to mention a few. Dangerous situations. Employees who operate with machinery or on construction sites are more likely to be exposed to safety concerns. Biological dangers. Biological dangers are exceedingly hazardous Physical dangers Ergonomic risks Chemical risks Workload risks.
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CAN ANYONE HELP ME
NAME 5 POLYMERS
Answer:
1. Polyethylene (PE)
2. Polypropylene (PP)
3. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
4. Polystyrene (PS)
5. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), also known as Teflon.
The structures of four isomers of an aldotetrose are given below. Which of the structures are Diastereomers of A? Enantiomers of C? Stereoisomers of D?
A is a diastereomer of C and B, and C and B are enantiomers of A. B is a stereoisomer of D. Diastereomers are molecules having the same chemical structure and bonding arrangement.
Components, but they can't be combined. In every other way, enantiomers are identical chemically. When two enantiomers are dissolved molecules in a solution, we can distinguish between them based on which way polarized light rotates. Stereochemistry is the study of how molecules with the same chemical formula and atom-bonding order (constitution) can differ in terms of the three-dimensional spatial orientations of their atoms. This phenomenon is known as stereoisomerism, also referred to as spatial isomerism.
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which process is used to separate soluble compounds from insoluble compounds?
Decantation
Filtration Sublimation
Extraction
Decantation is a technique for separating immiscible liquids or soluble compounds from insoluble compounds in mixtures.
What is Decantation?Decanting is another chemical laboratory process for separating mixtures. In its most basic form, it simply means allowing a solid-liquid mixture or two immiscible liquids to settle and separate by gravity.The process of removing liquid from a container without disturbing the sediment is known as decantation. Following that, the solids are mixed together and water is added. The soluble solid dissolves, while the insoluble solid settles to the flask's bottom. Using a glass rod, the soluble solid is gently poured out, leaving the insoluble solid behind.Decantation has the disadvantage of not completely separating the mixture, and Filtration is frequently used to separate soluble compounds from insoluble compounds.To learn more about decantation refer to :
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How many Particles of silver will be formed from 17.54 g copper, when Copper (II) reacts with Silver Nitrate?
Equation: Cu + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
59.60grams particles of silver will be formed from 17.54 g copper, when Copper (II) reacts with Silver Nitrate. The equation is Cu(s) + 2AgNO₃(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2Ag(s).
What is molar mass ?The term molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of one mole of the compound.
The equation is as follows:
Cu(s) + 2AgNO₃(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2Ag(s).
1mol of Cu will produce 2 mol Ag.
The molar mass of Cu = 63.5g/mol
The molar mass of Ag = 107.9g/mol
63.5g Cu will produce 2 × 107.9 = 215.8g of Ag
17.54g Cu will produce 17.54g Cu / 63.5gCu × 215.8g Ag
= 0.276 × 215.8
= 59.60grams of Ag produced.
Thus, 59.60grams particles of silver will be formed from 17.54 g copper, when Copper (II) reacts with Silver Nitrate.
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