The polar regions face toward water and the nonpolar regions face away from water.
What is a phospholipid bilayer?Phospholipids, which are fatty acid and alcohol compounds, make up the majority of the cell membrane. A phospholipid bilayer is the term used to describe how the phospholipids are organized in the cell membrane.There are two tails and a head on each phospholipid molecule. Water is hated by the tails and loved by the head (hydrophilic) (hydrophobic). While the water-loving heads point outward, either toward the cytoplasm or the fluid surrounding the cell, the water-hating tails are on the interior of the membrane.If they are small enough, hydrophobic molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane since they share the membrane's dislike of water. Small lipids and steroids can easily pass the membrane since they are hydrophobic.To learn more about Phospholipids, refer:
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21.5C51 H98 06 + 145 02 ........ ....... 102 CO2 + 98 H2O The above equation shows an oxidation reaction of food substances.
a) What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient?
b) Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substances.
c) Identify the food substances.
Answer:
respiratory quotient is the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide produced to that of oxygen consumed
Human blood cells have a salt concentration of about 0.9%. a patient's blood cell
salt concentration is measured at 0.5% and has water toxicity. what type of solution
should the patient receive in order to establish a healthy equilibrium?
When blood cells are present in a 0.9% NaCl solution, the internal and extracellular substances are in osmotic stability across the cell membrane, which is a sign that the solution is isotonic.
Why do we refer to people as patients?Patient is a translation of the Latin word "patiens," which means to suffer or endure. In this language, the patient is truly passive, experiencing the required suffering and bearing with the outside expert's actions.
Exactly what the patient says is true?Apostrophes (') are used to make nouns possessive when they are in the plural form, which contains -s at the end. Patients is a word whose plural form was changed to patients' with regard to the question by inserting an apostrophe.
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chargaff Similarly, there is just as much ___________________ as there is _____________________
Answer:
yes the average for A approximately equals the average for T , and the average for G approximately equals the average for C
work as liaison between sensory and motor neurons by mediating their impulses
Interneurons are the type of neurons which work as liaison between sensory and motor neurons by mediating their impulses.
The brain and nervous system are made up of neurons, which are cells. They are the fundamental components that transmit and receive impulses, allowing us to move our muscles, sense our environment, think, create memories, and do a lot more. Interneuron connections between spinal motor and sensory neurons make up the intermediary interneurons. Interneurons can communicate with one another to construct circuits of varying complexity in addition to sending signals between sensory and motor neurons. Like motor neurons, they have many poles. The differentiation between different neuronal types is significantly more nuanced in the brain. In contrast to the spinal cord, where we could easily differentiate neurons depending on their function, the brain does not do this.
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pediatric ear tubes can be placed through the tympanic membrane during a procedure called .
Pediatric ear tubes can be placed through the tympanic membrane during a procedure called Tympanostomy (Ear Tubes).
Tympanostomy (Ear Tubes) is the surgical placement of ear tubes. Ear tubes (tympanostomy tubes, ventilation tubes, and pressure equalization tubes) are microscopic cylinders that are surgically placed into the eardrum. An ear tube establishes an airway that ventilates the middle ear and keeps fluids from accumulating behind the eardrum.
Babies as little as 6 months old can have ear tubes placed. Ear tubes are often extruded (naturally driven out as the child's ear grows) from the ear drum between six and 18 months following placement.
Ear tubes are hollow cylinders that are placed into your eardrum. They're frequently utilized in children and adults with chronic middle ear infections or infections that haven't responded to therapy.
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what would happen if the chromosome number were not cut in half during the process of meiosis in humans? select all that apply. what would happen if the chromosome number were not cut in half during the process of meiosis in humans?select all that apply. upon fertilization, the zygote would be inviable because it would have more than 47 chromosomes. upon fertilization, the zygote would have a different number of chromosomes from the parents. gametes would be diploid instead of haploid. upon fertilization, the zygote would have the same number of chromosomes as the parents. gametes would still be haploid.
Upon fertilization, the zygote would have a different number of chromosomes from the parents. Gametes would be diploid instead of haploid.
What takes place when chromosomes don't completely separate during meiosis?In meiosis I (first row), meiosis II (second row), and mitosis, nondisjunction, in which chromosomes fail to split equally, can take place (third row). These uneven separations can result in aneuploids, or daughter cells with unusual chromosomal counts.
Gametes need to have half the number of chromosomes found in healthy body cells because the zygote has to have genetic material from both the mother and the father. The number of chromosomes must therefore be divided in half during meiosis.
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In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its mutation rate to gain new alleles stability in the face of environmental change contribution to the gene pool of the next generation ability to gain food in its environment ability to compete with other members of the species for a mate
An organism's fitness is the ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, including factors such as gaining food, competition, mutation rate, adaptability, and contribution to the gene pool of the next generation.
One of the key factors that contribute to an organism's fitness is its ability to find food. Organisms that are able to find and consume food in their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than those that cannot.
Additionally, an organism's ability to compete with other members of the same species for a mate is also important. Organisms that are able to attract and secure a mate are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genetic traits to the next generation.
Another important factor that contributes to an organism's fitness is its ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Organisms that are able to adapt to changes in their environment, such as changes in temperature or the availability of food, are more likely to survive and reproduce than those that cannot.
Additionally, an organism's mutation rate also plays a role in its fitness. Organisms with a high mutation rate may be more likely to adapt to new environments and survive in the long term.
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why does the heart automatically adjust the flow of blood to match activity levels? a. extreme activity damages blood cells and the body needs replacements. b. the heart requires more oxygen when exercising. c. it reduces the level of oxygen in the blood. d. organs and muscles require mo
Because stressed organs and muscles need more blood, the heart automatically modifies the blood flow.
Blood flow to correspond with levels of activity.The effector organs of movement, the muscles, receive a proportionately greater volume of blood ejected by the heart when the organism is required to produce energy.
It makes sense that the heart would have to work harder and receive more blood.
With this knowledge, we can draw the conclusion that the heart pumps more blood to meet the organs' needs. The main organ responsible for moving blood throughout the body is the heart. By consuming more oxygen, the heart automatically modifies blood flow to correspond to activity levels.
When there is enough oxygen in the air, the heart works properly. The body needs more energy during a period of activity or exercise to meet the demands of the activity. In order to increase blood flow and meet the oxygen demand, the heart adjusts by absorbing more oxygen.
The heart distributes the proper amount of blood to the body's various organs so that no physiological issues arise.
It makes sense that the heart would have to work harder and receive more blood.
With this knowledge, we can draw the conclusion that the heart pumps more blood to meet the organs' needs.
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The skeletal system, circulatory system, nervous system and digestive system work completely independently of one another. T/F?
Answer:
False
Explanation:
To keep the body's general health and functionality, all of these systems cooperate. The skeletal system supports the body and safeguards the key organs. The circulatory system transports nutrition and oxygen to the body's cells as well as waste materials. The body's reaction to internal and external stimuli is managed and coordinated by the neurological system. The circulatory system transfers these nutrients to the body's cells after the digestive system digests and assimilates meals.
Even while each system does have its own unique duties and tasks, they are all interrelated and dependent on one another in order to operate effectively. They collaborate to preserve the body's general health and functionality.
Compare and contrast purebred and crossbred breeding options. Include the advantages and disadvantages of each breeding system. Also include the different types and kinds of each system.
*Not Bio. Food Animal Science.
Need ASAP
Purebred breeding refers to the mating of two individuals that are homozygous for a specific trait or set of traits. This means that both parents are of the same breed and possess the same genetic characteristics. The offspring produced from purebred breeding will be genetically identical to the parents, which allows for consistent and predictable traits such as size, growth rate, and meat quality.
Crossbreeding, on the other hand, refers to the mating of two individuals that are of different breeds or genetic lines. This results in offspring that possess a combination of the traits of both parents, which can lead to increased genetic diversity and hybrid vigor. Hybrid vigor refers to the improved performance of the offspring compared to the average of the performance of the parents. This can result in improved growth rate, feed efficiency, and disease resistance.What are their advantages and disadvantages?Purebred breeding has advantages such as predictability, consistency, and uniformity in traits, making it easier to select for specific characteristics. Also, it can be useful for preserving specific breeds or genetic lines.
Crossbreeding has advantages such as increased genetic diversity, hybrid vigor, and improved performance in traits. Also, it allows to take advantage of the best traits from different breeds.
It is important to note that different types of crossbreeding systems exist, such as rotational crossbreeding, terminal crossbreeding and backcrossing. Rotational crossbreeding refers to a system in which different breeds are used in succession, while terminal crossbreeding refers to a system in which a specific breed is used as the terminal sire. Backcrossing refers to the mating of a crossbred animal with one of its purebred parents.
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what strength lens, in diopters, is needed to bring his near point to 25 cm?
The strength lens needed to bring his near point to 25cm is 2.18 diopters.
What is strength of lens?The strength of a lens is determined by lens material and angle of the curve that is ground into the lens. Lens strength is expressed in diopters (D), which indicates how much the light is bent.
For a farsighted person with near point (v) = 55 cm rather than normal object distance of u = 25 cm.
Using Lens formula:
1/f= 1/u +1/v
Here, f = focal length ; v = image distance and u = object distance
As the image must be on same side of the lens, then the image distance must be negative.
Hence, 1/f= 1/25 + 1/-55
1/f= 0.0218 cm
f = 45.8 cm
So, f = 0.458m
Dioptic power is inverse of the focal length strength; D= 1/f
=1/0.458
D = 2.18 diopters.
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Note: The question given on the portal is not complete. Here is the complete question.
Question: A farsighted person has a near point of 55 cm rather than the normal 25 cm . Part A What strength lens, in diopters, should be prescribed to correct this vision problem
Suppose there are two genes on two different chromosomes, one gene called G and the other called D. An individual has the genotype GgDd. Which of the following drawings correctly shows cells in this individual after DNA replication but before cell division of the first meiosis
As there is no crossing over takes place drawings correctly shows cells in this individual after DNA replication.
Chromosome - These are condense form of the genetic materials found always in a pair having one chromatid at each chromosomes, But during cell divison the genetic materials replication occurs as a result the no. of chromosomes remain same but change is chromatid no. becomes double that means , each chromosomes contains extra copy of chromatid materials .
Before replication the genotype given is GgDd which are present in four different chromosomes as given in below picture , but after replication the genotype will remain the same but having one extra chromatid having same gene as that of parents chromosomes.
Hence, the correct option is A.
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column shaped cells that lie just under the epidermis ?
Palisade cells, which are located just beneath the epidermis, are more column-like.
The mesophyll, a layer of cells within the leaf, is present. The palisade layer and the spongy layer are the two layers into which mesophyll can be split. The palisade layer and lower epidermis are separated by the spongy layer, which is more loosely packed and has a more column-like appearance. Gas exchange is made possible by the air gaps between the spongy cells. Chloroplasts are abundant in the palisade and spongy mesophyll cells, which are where photosynthesis actually takes place.
In the leaves of plants that have them, palisade cells—which have the most chloroplasts per cell and serve as the principal site of photosynthesis, optimizing energy production by converting light energy to the chemical energy of carbohydrates—are the major site of photosynthesis.
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explain how spindle fibers help ensure the products of mitosis are two identical cells with a full set of chromosomes!
By providing a predefined path for movement spindle fibers help ensure the products of mitosis are two identical cells with a full set of chromosomes.
Spindle fibers play a crucial role in ensuring that the products of mitosis are two identical cells with a full set of chromosomes. Spindle fibers are microtubules that form a structure called the spindle apparatus, which is responsible for separating the chromosomes during mitosis. The spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores, which are protein structures on the chromosomes, and pull the sister chromatids apart towards opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each pole receives one complete set of chromosomes, one copy of each chromosome. This process, called chromosome segregation, ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes, and therefore, the same genetic information as the parent cell. This is how mitosis ensures that the products of mitosis are two identical cells with a full set of chromosomes.
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phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their dna into the host dna are called
Phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their dna into the host dna are called lysogenic phages. Lysogeny, often known as the lysogenic cycle, is one of two viral reproductive cycles (the lytic cycle being the other).
During lysogeny, a circular replicon develops in the bacterial cytoplasm or the genome of the host bacterium is integrated with bacteriophage nucleic acid. The host cell's latent bacteriophage allows the bacteria to continue living and growing normally under this circumstance. The genetic material of the bacteriophage, known as a prophage, can be passed to the daughter cells at each subsequent cell division, and later events (such UV radiation or the presence of particular chemicals) might release it, resulting in the proliferation of new phages via the lytic cycle.
The complete question is:
Phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their DNA into the host DNA are called
A. lysogenic phages.
B. lytic phages.
C. virulent phages.
D. segmented phages.
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[Anatomy of the eye] "Sleepers" are crusty collections of tears and dust that form in the _____ ______ in the morning.
"Sleepers" are crusty collections of tears and dust that form in the eye lid in the morning.
What is a sensory system?In Medicine, a sensory system can be defined as components of the central nervous system which comprise the brain, pathways, (neural tissues) and sensory neurons that are responsible for sensory functions, observations, perception and processing of sensory information (stimulus).
What is the eye?In Science, the eye is one of the five (5) sense organs found in living organisms such as vertebrates or mammals. Additionally, the nerve cells within the eye helps a living organism to sense and transmit light, pain, and other noxious sensations to the sensory system.
In this context, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that the crusty collections of tears and dust that are formed in the eye lid in the morning are generally referred to as sleepers, eye mucus, eye boogers, or eye discharge.
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QUESTION 25 if the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus the color of the hair will become lighter the texture of the hair will become coarser. the follicle will lose its blood supply. hair production will not be affected QUESTION 26 are fine hairs that lack pigment and cover much of the body surface. Vellushairs Votes Follicular hairs Terminal hairs QUESTION 27 hate coarse psemented a TERMINE Te QUESTION 28 ON glands Perspiration is produced by O ceruminous O apocrine sweat merocrine sweat sebaceous mammary QUESTION 29 glands are located wherever hair follides exist and tweet and are found only sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface. In a few areas." Sebaceous merocrine apocrine e Apocrine merocrine sebaceous Merocrine sebaceous: apocrine Merocrine apocrine sebaceout Apocrine sebaceous matocrine QUESTION 30 att ta be prevented by Adele sunt Biotintake of cholecalciferol olding the Auright and detary intake of cholecalciferol et intake of cholecalciferol and avoiding unit QUESTION 31 Identify the two major components of the cutaneous membrane. O dermis and epidermis dermis and subcutaneous layer epidermis and subcutaneous layer dermis and the cutaneous plexus epidermis and the cutaneous plexus OOO QUESTION 32 Why does exposure to sunlight or sunlamps darken skin? UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more meanin UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more melatonin. UV radiation stimulates keratinocytes to produce more carotene, UV radiation stimulates keratinocytes to produce more Keratin UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin and keratinocytes to produce more Keratin QUESTION 33 which ype of such usually requires skin rafing Whur Free but because the epidermis datased Reseaegret burns because the tissue camaa that angel secote buns because the tissue dane This because the epidermis This degree of cecause the remote
The blood supply to a hair follicle will be cut off if the papilla is removed. A papilla is a mouth protrusion on a bodily component or tissue.
The place of Papilla:The tongue's upper surface has tiny structures called lingual papillae that gives it its distinctively rough texture. The four varieties of epithelium on the host organism are categorized as ratio of the number (or vallate), affecting the original, elongated, and foliate as a result of their distinct structural differences.
What use does the papilla serve?The tiny bumps mostly on top of your lips called papillae help you hold foodstuff while ones teeth are eating it. Their second unique function is to house your taste buds, which enable you to taste anything from tart tomatoes to sweet peaches.
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you are an avid gardener and hypothesize that spreading talcum powder around your tomato plants will prevent snails from eating them. which experimental set up would appropriately test your hypothesis?
An appropriate experimental setup to test your hypothesis would involve creating two groups of tomato plants, one treated with talcum powder and one without any treatment. Both groups should be kept in similar conditions and exposed to snails in a controlled environment.
This can be done by either keeping the plants in an enclosed area with snails or adding snails to the area where the plants are growing. The number of snails eating the plants in each group should be monitored and recorded over a certain period of time. By comparing the number of snails eating the treated plants versus the number of snails eating the untreated plants, one can determine if talcum powder prevents snails from eating the tomato plants.
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crossing over is thought to be evolutionarily advantageous because it continually shuffles genetic alleles into novel combinations. it was thought that y-linked genes might degenerate because they lack homologous genes on the x chromosome with which to recombine. however, when the y chromosome was sequenced, scientists discovered that eight large regions are homologous and several genes are duplicates. explain how this might be beneficial.
Since there is only one Y chromosome in humans, any gene defects cannot be repaired during meiosis by partnering with a homologous chromosome.
In order to preserve the integrity of the chromosome, duplicate genes that are identical to one another are present.
Homologous chromosomes are those that pair with other organisms and share identical DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences, lengths, locations, and centromere positions. The homologous pair's respective chromosomes come from the mother and father, respectively.
The maternal chromosome of the homologous chromosome couples with the paternal chromosome during meiosis. Genetic recombination happens when homologous chromosomes cross over with each other. Recombination produces genetic diversity as a result.
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Now explain your diagnosis. Start your argument by writing something like this:
“My group believes that Elisa has/does not have ___. I think that she does/does not have the ___ condition because . . .”
(Then, explain how molecules move through the body when someone has the condition you investigated, and compare that to Elisa’s test results.)
Answer:
you can use this syntax to answer your q
Explanation:
"My group is convinced that Elisa has a particular illness. Based on her symptoms and test findings, I believe she has the illness because the molecules of the particular drug we have been looking into are not flowing through her body as they should. Elevated quantities of this drug were found in her test results, which is a certain sign of this illness. Additionally, she exhibits symptoms that are characteristic of patients who have this illness."
put these 4 structures in size order from largest to smallest: glucose molecule, cell, dna molecule, gene where do organisms get new dna from?
when compare to cell glucose molecule is very small as the cell contains the organelles producing glucose. when compare to gene, DNA molecule is very bigger as it contains more gene in it.
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, which have diameters ranging from 10 to 100 m. Because of their small size, ions and organic molecules that enter prokaryotes quickly diffuse to other parts of the cell. Similarly, wastes produced within a prokaryotic cell can diffuse out quickly. This is not the case in eukaryotic cells, which have evolved structural modifications to improve intracellular transport. In general, all cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, must be small in size. Consider a typical cell's area and volume. Not all cells have a spherical shape, but the majority do.
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how many chromatids are in a human cell about to start meiosis?
Each cell contains 46 unique chromosomes. There are 46 chromosomes in total after replication, each containing 92 distinct chromatids.
Which phase do the 92 chromatids belong to?
Prophase: The 92 sister chromatids are housed within the nuclear envelope of the cell, which starts to degrade during prophase. Only found in animal cells, the centrioles split apart and migrate to opposing ends of the cell.
How many chromatids and chromosomes are present in each meiotic stage?
The creation of four cells with two fewer chromosomes is the goal of meiosis. Chromosome number 46 is present here at the start of meiosis (diploid). The resultant cells or gametes after meiosis have 23 chromosomes (haploid).
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based on mendel's laws you've learned so far, why didn't the allele for yellow color show in the f1 generation?
Yellow color is a recessive trait, so it would only show in the F1 generation if both parents had the allele for yellow color.
What is Mendel's laws?Mendel's laws are the foundation of genetics. They were first proposed by the Austrian monk and scientist Gregor Mendel in 1865. Mendel's laws describe how genetic traits are passed from parent to offspring.
The first law, known as the law of segregation, states that for each inherited trait, an organism receives one variant from each of its parents, and that these variants separate during the formation of gametes, or sex cells.
The second law, the law of independent assortment, states that when different traits are inherited, the separation of one trait does not affect the separation of another. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait. Together, these laws form the basis for understanding the transmission and expression of genetic traits.
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What are 2 examples of reproductive isolation?
examples of reproductive isolation are : Fish from two closely related species that inhabit various areas do not mate. Fruit flies of two distinct species producing various pheromones.
A group of evolutionary traits, physiological processes, and reproductive isolation mechanisms are necessary for speciation. They either stop other species' members from having children or make sure that any children are sterile. By limiting the exchange of genes between closely related species, these barriers protect the integrity of a species. Numerous categories have been used to group the reproductive isolation methods. In general, pre-zygotic mechanisms—those that work prior to fertilization (or prior to animal reproduction, in the case of humans—and post-zygotic ones—those that function following it—are how zoologist Ernst Mayr defined the mechanisms of reproductive isolation. The mechanisms can manifest in species with distinct geographic ranges (sympatric speciation) or in those with overlapping distributions that are genetically regulated.
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how to calculate the mean rate of respiration of maggots in mm per min
Answer:
To calculate the mean rate of respiration of maggots in mm per min, you will need to measure the oxygen consumption of the maggots over a certain period of time. You can do this by using a respirometer, which is a device that measures the amount of oxygen being consumed. Once you have the oxygen consumption rate, you can calculate the mean rate of respiration by dividing the oxygen consumption rate by the number of maggots used in the experiment. mL/min/maggot.
Explanation:
For example, if you had 10 maggots and they consumed 10 mL of oxygen over 60 minutes, then the mean rate of respiration would be 10 mL/10 maggots/60 minutes = 0.17 mL/min/maggot.
Diagram 3
6. Since 1972, Dr. Jim Estes had been studying a food chain of kelp → urchins → sea otters. He tracked sea otter populations off the coasts of four different Alaskan Islands. In the early 1990s orcas began eating the sea otters.
a. Who is the keystone species in this ecosystem? Explain.
b. Use the data provided, food web, and your own inferences to
describe the trophic cascade taking place in this ecosystem (give at least 3 specific impacts).
Otter No. (% max. count).
c. What resource will kelp crab and sea urchins compete over? Is this
an example of interspecific competition or intraspecific competition?
d. By which method, quadrant or mark recapture, do you believe
researchers would have used to estimate the sea otter abundance?
Explain.
A keystone species is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem.
What do you mean by ecosystem?An ecosystem consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
Ecosystems are organized to better understand the frame of reference in which they are being studied. They are organized from smallest to largest; organism, population, community, ecosystem.
There are four basic components of an ecosystem: abiotic substances, producers, consumers, and reducers, which are also known as decomposers.
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explain how this experiment helped to map out the metabolic pathway for arginine production in bread mold.
The "one gene, one enzyme" theory was supported by George Beadle and Edward Tatum's research on the red bread mould Neurospora crassa, which revealed that genes function by controlling many chemical processes.
According to their theory, specific mutations prevented the mould from using a pathway to create arginine from precursors in the surrounding media. Knowing that Neurospora could synthesis its own amino acids when maintained on minimal media, which was deficient in nutrients save for a few minerals, simple sugars, and one vitamin, they were able to grow Neurospora in this manner (biotin). They discovered a number of mutations that were known to prevent the synthesis of arginine, an amino acid essential for the growth of mould.
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which of the following is true? select one: a. the efferent division control voluntary actions, while the afferent division control involuntary actions. b. both the afferent and efferent division control voluntary action. c. the efferent division controls involuntary actions, while the afferent division controls voluntary actions. d. both the afferent and efferent division control involuntary action.
The following is true : b. both the afferent and efferent division control voluntary action.
What is afferent and efferent division control?The CNS receives impulses from the peripheral organs through afferent or sensory division. Impulses from the CNS are sent out to the peripheral organs through the efferent or motor division to produce an effect or action.
Efferent neurons controls hearing sensitivity and protects hearing from noise through regulation of gap junctions between cochlear supporting cells.
The somatic efferent division, which includes neurons that regulate skeletal muscles, and the autonomic efferent division, which includes neurons that regulate all other organs, are additional divisions of the efferent division (collectively termed viscera).
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What are the two main types of interactions that are studied in order to understand and solve environmental problems?
The two primary interactions that environmental scientists investigate are how we use natural resources and how human activities impact the environment.
An ecological community is a collection of populations of at least two distinct species that interact both directly and indirectly in a given geographic area, and within which organisms exist. Many characteristics and functions of ecosystems, like nutrient cycling and food webs, are based on interactions between species. Depending on the evolutionary setting and surrounding circumstances, these interactions can have a variety of different types. Because of this, the scale and context of ecological interactions between particular creatures and entire species can make them difficult to define and quantify. However, there are various classes of interactions between species that are present in a wide range of habitats and ecosystems.
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6) unlike most bony fishes, sharks maintain body fluids that are isoosmotic to sea water. they are therefore considered by many to be osmoconformers because of the unusual way they maintain homeostasis. they osmoregulate by a) using their gills and kidneys to rid themselves of sea salts. b) monitoring dehydration at the cellular level with special gated aquaporins. c) tolerating high urea concentrations that balance internal salt concentrations to sea water osmolarity. d) synthesizing trimethylamine oxide, a chemical that speeds salt removal from cells. e) possessing a special adaptation that allows
Putting up with high urea levels that balance internal salt levels with sea water osmolarity.
Describe homeostasis:Homeostasis is a self-regulating process that allows an organism to retain internal stability while adapting to shifting external situations. It has emerged as the key unifying idea of physiology.
The stable internal, external, and chemical conditions that are maintained by biological systems are known as homeostasis. This is the state in which the organism is working at its best and involves maintaining a number of parameters—including body temperature and fluid balance—within predetermined ranges.
Every organ system of the body is involved in homeostasis. Similar to how no single organ system of the body functions independently, the regulation of body temperature requires at the very least the collaboration of the circulatory, neurological, musculoskeletal, and integumentary systems.
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