The speaker in this excerpt utilizes the rhetorical techniques of ethos, pathos, and parallelism.
1. Ethos: Ethos is an appeal to the speaker's credibility and authority. In this excerpt, the speaker establishes their ethos by presenting themselves as knowledgeable and trustworthy on the subject matter. They may provide evidence of their expertise, share personal experiences, or cite reputable sources to gain the audience's trust and persuade them.
2. Pathos: Pathos is an appeal to the emotions of the audience. The speaker in this excerpt employs pathos by using language and examples that evoke strong emotional responses from the listeners. They may tell a heartfelt story, use vivid imagery, or employ words that elicit empathy or sympathy. By appealing to the audience's emotions, the speaker aims to create a connection and engage them on a deeper level.
3. Parallelism: Parallelism involves the repetition of grammatical structures or patterns to create a sense of balance and rhythm. The speaker in this excerpt employs parallelism by structuring their sentences or phrases in a similar manner. This repetition helps to emphasize key ideas, create a memorable cadence, and highlight important points. It also adds a sense of coherence and organization to the speaker's message.
Note: The options "shift" and "understatement" were not selected as they were not mentioned in the original question.
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