Option 3; The sharing of the electrons donated by the ligand forms a coordinate covalent bond to the metal
Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in a covalent bond. The two atomic nuclei are simultaneously attracting these electrons. When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place to form ions, a covalent bond is created. Bonding electrons are collectively referred to as the electrons that are present in the region between the two nuclei. The hydrogen molecule is the simplest substance with a covalent connection. The linked pair is the "glue" that keeps the atoms in molecular units. Two hydrogen atoms with one electron in each's 1s orbital are the building blocks of the compound. The two electrons in the covalent link are shared by both hydrogen atoms, and each one gains an electron configuration like that of helium.
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Draw the electron configuration for a neutral atom of vanadium.
The electronic configuration of vanadium can be written as, [Ar] 3d³ 4s²
as the neutral atom of vanadium is Argon.
The chemical element vanadium has the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer somewhat stabilizes the free metal against further oxidation. Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals. It shows the electrons in numbers, It doesn’t show the details on the spin of electrons like the orbital diagram. Electronic configuration of the Vanadium atom in ascending order of orbital energies,
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
The neutral atom of vanadium is Argon. so, the electronic configuration of vanadium can also be written as,
[Ar] 3d³ 4s²
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Question 22 Cr is a member of which family? a. noble gases b. halogens c. alkaline earth metals d.alkaline metals e.None of these
The right response is E none of these since () is a .
:
are typically powerful and hard substances. These metals have high melting and boiling points. The family of includes strong, malleable substances that may be hammered, twisted, and pulled into wires. They are also efficient in carrying heat and electricity. Atoms in these metals are attracted to one another strongly. Usually, they are shiny as well.
is a chemical element with the atomic number 24 and the letter Cr. It is the first component in group 6. It belongs to the transition metal family and is brittle, tough, glossy, and steely-grey in color.
The great corrosion resistance and hardness of metal make it valuable.
The discovery that steel could be rendered extremely resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding metallic to make stainless steel was a significant advancement in the production of steel.
85% of commercial use is made up of stainless steel with chrome plating (electroplating with chromium).
is highly prized for its ability to be finely polished while remaining tarnish-resistant.
Nearly 70% of the visible spectrum and approximately 90% of infrared light are reflected by polished chromium.
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how many seconds are in 5.29 years
There are 166,825,440 seconds in 5.29 years.
To calculate how many seconds there are in 5.29 years, we first need to find out how many seconds there are in a year. To do that, we need to multiply the number of days within a year, the number of hours within a day, the number of minutes within a day, and the number of seconds within a minute.
1 year = 365 x 24 x 60 x 60
= 31,536,000 seconds
Once we know that, multiply that number of seconds by the number of years in the question, which is 5.29 years.
= 31,536,000 x 5.29
= 166,825,440 seconds.
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1. Write the letter of the following true statements. And also, write corrected versions for any false statements.
A. The pH of an alkaline solution is less than 7.
B. The more acidic a solution, the higher the pH.
C. You can use universal indicator to find out the pH of a solution.
D. Alkalis are the substances which are soapy to touch and sweet in taste.
2. A student has a glass of essential oil. Its volume is 50 ml. It has a mass of 40 g. Use the equation below to calculate its density.
density = mass/ volume
A. False (The pH of an alkaline solution is greater than 7.)
B. True
C. True
D. False (Alkalis are usually soapy to touch and have a bitter or metallic taste.)
Corrected versions:
A. The pH of an alkaline solution is greater than 7.
D. Alkalis are usually soapy to touch and have a bitter or metallic taste.
Calculation:
To calculate the density of the essential oil, you would use the following equation:
density = mass/volume
Plugging in the given values, you would get:
density = 40 g/50 ml = 0.8 g/ml
a sample prepared using the solvent and any other chemicals in the sample solutions, but not the absorbing substance
blank: a sample created without the absorbing agent utilizing only the solvents and any other compounds present in the sample solutions.
What does it mean to measure how much light a sample absorbs?A technique called spectrophotometry uses light intensity measurements as a ray of light travels through a sample solution to determine the amount that a chemical compound absorbs light.
What does spectrophotometry mean by absorbance?The amount of light absorption by a solution is measured by its absorbance (A), often referred to as optical density (OD).The amount of light that may flow through a solution is called its transmittance.
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directions: each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered statements immediately following it. select the one lettered choice that best fits each statement. a choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. (a) cs (b) ag (c) pb (d) br (e) se question has the lowest first-ionization energy
Cs has the lowest first-ionization energy.
What is first-ionization energy?
In order to create one mole of gaseous ions with a charge of 1+ from one mole of neutral gaseous atoms, the first ionization energy must be used to remove the most loosely held electron. In terms of symbols, this is simpler to understand. It is the amount of energy required to make this transformation for each mole of X.
What is Ionization energy?
The ionization energy assesses an element's capacity to engage in chemical reactions that require the donation of electrons or the production of ions. It frequently has to do with the kind of chemical bonds that are formed between the constituents of the compounds that they produce. See also electron affinity and binding energy.
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given that the delta g value for a particular reaction is negative what can be said about relative portions of reactants and products when the reaction reaches equilibrium
When delta G value for a particular reaction is negative, then we can say that : there are fewer reactant molecules and then product molecules.
What is the characteristic of reaction if Delta G is negative?A negative ∆G means that reactants have more free energy than the products. Exergonic reactions are also called spontaneous reactions, as they can occur without addition of energy.
When used in a reaction, delta G is the difference in free energy between products and reactants. If this value is negative, then the reaction is spontaneous and if it is positive, then the reaction is non-spontaneous. If it is zero, then the reaction is at equilibrium.
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the two reactants shown below are combined to bring about a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
1) Substitution occurs on carbon b
2) The leaving group is g
3) The nucleophile e
What is a nucleophilic substitution reaction?We know that when we are talking about a substitution reaction, we have to be looking at the kind of reaction that is going to occur when a particular moiety leaves a compound and is replaced by another moiety. When the attacking agent in the reaction is a specie that is rich in electrons (either a lone pair or a negative charge) and the attack is on a positive center in the substrate, we say that the reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
The leaving group has to do with the chemical moiety that is seen to depart from the substrate in the course of the reaction while the nucleophile is the specie that attacks the substrate.
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Why is balancing chemical equations important?
Answer:
Pls rate as brainliest
Explanation:
This is because it tells about the number of moles reacting and producing. Also, it tells the amount of electrons transferred from one compound to another. Balancing/ balanced equation also tells about the energy changes that take place.
is the pronoun in bold reflexive or intensive? for chemistry class, i need to acquaint myself with the periodic table of elements.
For chemistry class, I need to familiarise myself with the periodic table of elements; the pronoun in bold is reflexive.
The chemical elements are arranged in columns and rows on a table known as the periodic table, sometimes known as the periodic table of the (chemical) elements. It is widely employed in physics, chemistry, and other sciences and is frequently referred to as an emblem of chemistry. It is a visual representation of the periodic law, which asserts that the atomic number-dependent properties of chemical elements follow an approximate periodic pattern. Four generally rectangular sections, referred to as blocks, make up the table. Periods and groups, respectively, are the names of the table's rows and columns. Similar chemical properties are displayed by elements in the same group on the periodic table. The nonmetallic character (keeping their own electrons), which is on the rise from left to right, is a trend that runs the length of the periodic table.
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which of the following is true? group of answer choices the melting point of graphite is highest at a pressure of about 70 kbar 10 km underground, carbon is more stable as diamond than as graphite. the entropy of graphite is smaller than that of diamond
Graphite has a higher entropy than diamond, which is again a result of the dense crystal lattice of diamond. In comparison to the graphite structure, it is far more organized.
What Is graphite higher than diamond?The presence of carbon in both diamond and graphite is another fact that is widely known. Because each of the carbon atoms in diamond forms four covalent bonds to form a tetrahedral structure, as well as because strong covalent bonds are present in it, diamond is harder than graphite.Diamonds are bright and translucent, while graphite is opaque and has an earthy to metallic appearance. Their hardness is another notable physical distinction. The relative Mohs Hardness Scale, which ranges from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest), is used to compare the hardness of minerals (hardest).To Learn more About Graphite refer To:
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Determine the total number of valence electrons and draw the Lewis Structure for SF3+. Assign formal charges and determine the electronic geometry and molecular geometry of the central atom
FORMAL CHARGE ON S = +1
Electronic Geometry is Tetrahedral
Molecular Geometry is Trigonal Pyramidal
What is Lewis structure?Lewis structures, often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDS), are diagrams that depict the interactions of atoms inside molecules as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present. Any molecule with a covalent link, as well as coordination compounds, can have a Lewis structure. Gilbert N. Lewis, who first described it in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, gave the Lewis structure its name. Lewis structures add lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond, extending the idea of the electron dot diagram.
Total number of valance electrons in SF3+
= 6(S) + 3 × 7(F) - 1(charge)
= 26 electrons
FORMAL CHARGE ON S = +1
Electronic Geometry is Tetrahedral
Molecular Geometry is Trigonal Pyramidal
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Complete the valence molecular-orbital diagram for oxygen, 02- 2p Answer Bank 2s 2s
The bonding molecular orbitals are of lower energy. So, they are first to fill up. The antibonding orbitals are of higher energy than bonding orbitals.
According to molecular orbital theory molecular orbitals of a molecule is formed by combination of its atomic orbitals and electrons present in molecule are distributed among the molecular orbitals.
The total number of electrons present in O2 molecule are 16. Thus, the electronic configuration for combination of two atomic orbitals of oxygen is as follows.
Here sigma and pi orbitals are called bonding molecular orbitals. The sigma star and pi star are called antibonding orbitals.
The electronic configuration is the distribution of a molecule in molecular orbitals. Total number of electrons present in molecule is 16. Thus, 16 electrons are filled in its molecular orbitals.
In orbital, the valence orbitals are 2s and 2p and total number of electrons in these orbitals are 12. Thus, Construct valence molecular orbital diagram and fill 12 electrons as attached.
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why does i2 have a higher boiling point than f2
Iodine molecules will be forced to cling together by this force since it is so powerful. The iodine molecule is therefore extremely tough to break. Iodine has a higher boiling point as fluorine as a result.
What exactly is boiling point?
The temperature when a liquid's vapor pressure equals that tension of the gas below it is known as the boils point of the liquid. The degree at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals one atmosphere is called the liquid's typical boiling point (760 torr). The view from a distance. view from a distance of a bubbles in boiling water.
High boiling point: What does that mean?
It measures the point where a chemical boils, to put it simply. A higher the boiling point denotes stronger intermolecular forces, similar to the melting point.
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Which of the following has a standard Gibbs free energy of formation equal to zero? (i) Br2le) (ii) O2 (ii) NaOH (s) O (ii) only O (i) only O (i) and (ii) O (ii) and (iii) O (i), (ii), and (iii) O (ii) only
Answer:
3
Explanation:
there element are approximately together and substitute themselves
suppose that daniel has a 2.50 l bottle that contains a mixture of o2 , n2 , and co2 under a total pressure of 4.80 atm. he knows that the mixture contains 0.230 mol n2 and that the partial pressure of co2 is 0.250 atm. if the temperature is 273 k, what is the partial pressure of o2 ?
If the mixture contains 0.230 mole N₂ and that the partial pressure of CO₂
is 0.250 atm and if the temperature is 273 k, the partial pressure of O₂ should 2.67 atm.
First we have to find the number of mole of CO₂ :
P = 0.25atm
V = 2.5L
T = 273K
So, find number of moles using:
PV = nRT
0.25 atm × 2.5 L = n × 0.08206 atm.L/ K × 273 K
n = 0.0279 mole
Now, the total mole of gas :
P = 4.8 atm
V = 2.5L
T = 273K
find number of moles using :
PV = nRT
4.8 atm × 2.5 L = n × 0.08206 atm.L/ K × 273 K
n = 0.5357 mole
Now, find mole of O₂ :
mole of O₂ = total mole - mole of CO₂ - mole of N₂
mole of O₂ = 0.5357 - 0.0279 - 0.21
Mole of O₂ = 0.2978 mole
finally, find pressure of O₂ :
V = 2.5 L
n = 0.2978 mole
T = 273K
PV = nRT
P × 2.5 L = 0.2978 × 0.08206 atm.L/ K × 273 K
P = 2.67 atm
So, the partial pressure of O₂ is 2.67 atm.
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What is the condensed structural formula for 2, 2-dimethylbutane?
Answer:
CH₃C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₃
Explanation:
2,2-Dimethylbutane has a four-carbon chain with two methyl groups on C-2. The condensed structural formula is CH₃C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₃. Note that the two CH₃ groups are enclosed in parentheses after the carbon atom to which they are attached.
1.0 mole of a gas is enclosed in a 12.3 liter cylinder with a moveable piston at 300 K and 2.0 atm. Half of the gas is removed, leaving 0.50 mole in the cylinder and the system is warmed to 900 K. The cylinder changes volume to maintain constant pressure. What is the volume in the final system?
Answer: It's 18.45
Explanation:
identify the major and minor resonance contributor(s) for the azide anion, n3–.
To identify the major and minor resonance we have 7 steps they are:
1. Should write all possible connections for the nitrogen atoms.
N-N-N
2. To, calculate V, the number of valence electrons.
V=3 N +1.------(1)
= 3×5 + 1 = 16
3. For the Calculate P, the number of π electrons that are present in the molecule:
P=6n+2–V-------(2)
where n is the number of non-hydrogen atoms.
substitute values in(2)
we get
P= 6×3 + 2 - 16 = 4 π electrons. So there must be either two double bonds or one triple bond.
4. After, Draw the new structures.
Add all the possible double and triple bonds in the same ways.
5. Next, Add valence electrons to produce each atom an octet.
6. Calculate the formal charge on each atom.
We end up with 3 possibilities.
7. Identify the major contributor.
All three structures have a separation of charge.
The first two structures contain a charge of 2- on one N atom. The third structure has a charge of -1 on two separate N atoms.
The most stable contributor will have the greatest delocalization or spreading out of charge.
So the first two structures are minor contributors, and the third structure is the major contributor.
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this energy diagram shows the allowed energy levels of an electron in a certain atom or molecule:
1) The ground state of the atom is A
2) There are two excited states
3) There are three lines in the line spectrum
4) The transition A - B has the shortest wavelength
5) The transition that has the longest wavelength is B - C
What is the energy diagram?We know that the energy diagram has to do with the manner in which the electrons that are in the atom can be arranged into specific energy levels. The energies levels would always begin at the ground state which is the lowest energy level.
The other higher energy levels that are above the ground state of the atom can be said to be the excited states of the atom or the molecules as the case may be. The energy level diagram of a certain atom or molecule has been shown in the image that is attached.
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this reaction makes potassium superoxide useful in a self-contained breathing apparatus. how much o2 could be produced from 2.41 g of ko2 and 4.58 g of co2?
The mass of oxygen in grams is 0.704 grams for the could be produced from 2.41 g of ko2 and 4.58 g of co2.
We want to transform the whole lot into moles. The molar masses, in g/mole:
KO2 71.1CO2 44.0O2 32Moles KO2 = 2.41g/(71.1g/mole) = 0.03 molesMoles CO2 = 4.58g/(44g/mole) = 0. 10 moles4KO2 + 2CO2 —> 2K2CO3 + 3O2The response calls for two times as many moles of KO2 than moles of CO2. That way 0.10 mole of CO2 might devour 0.20 moles of KO2. But we best have 0.03 moles of KO2, so the restricting reagent is KO2. There are three moles of O2 produced for each 2 moles of CO2 consumed. In this example we will expect all the KO2 reacts, in order that must end result in (3/4) * (0.02 moles) = 0.022 moles of O2.To get the mass, 0.022 mole * (32g/mole) = 0.704 grams O2So the O2 produces qre 0.704 grams of oxygen produced.Read more about oxygen;
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What are the correct number of electrons, protons and neutrons respectively in O^2− ion of the isotope O?
The number of subatomic particles present in the isotope O⁻² :
Protons = 8 (Z=8)
Electrons = 10
Neutrons = 8
The number of electrons, protons of neutrons for a particular element in its uncharged state can be found out using its Atomic number( as Z = No. of protons).
For the stability of element the number of electrons and the number of protons present in the atom of an element are equal. While the number of neutrons present in the atom can be found out by subtracting the Atomic number from the atomic mass(as A= no. of neutrons + protons)
To attain the stable valence configuration atoms may loose or attain electrons changing them to a charged ion.
The Atomic no.(Z) of Oxygen is 8, the electronic configuration of Oxygen is
2,6 so Oxygen gains 2 e⁻ to attain the stable valance shell 2,8.
Thus Oxygen a charge of 2⁻.
Then,
The number of protons present in the isotope O⁻² is 8 (Z)
The number of electrons present in the isotope O⁻² is 8 +2 = 10 (Due to the gain of the 2 additional e⁻)
The number of Neutrons present in the isotope O⁻² is A -Z; A= 8
Z=8; A=16;
Thus,
The number of Neutrons present in the io, O⁻² is 16-8Z; = 8
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11. The boiling point of ethanol, C2H5OH, is 78.5°C. and the boiling point for dimethyl ether, CH3OCH3, is-24.0 °C. Explain why you should expect C2H5OH to have a higher boiling point than CH3OCH3 in three sentences or less.
Ethanol has a higher boiling point than dimethyl ether due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Why ethanol has a higher boiling point than dimethyl ether when both have the same molecular weight?In ethanol, the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group is attached to an electronegative oxygen atom. Due to this reason, the hydrogen is free to form hydrogen bonding with other ethanol molecules. The hydrogens of dimethyl ether are bound with a carbon atom which is not electronegative. Hence, the hydrogens do not form any intermolecular hydrogen bonding with other dimethyl ether molecules. This is why ethanol boils at a higher temperature compared to dimethyl ether.
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What is the net charge on the amino acid glycine at pH 7? at pH 12?
Explanation:
The chemical formula for the amino acid glycine is;
[tex] \bold{HOOC—CH_2—NH_2} [/tex]
In solution, the acidic part of the molecule that is [tex] \bold{COOH} [/tex] donates a proton [tex] {H}^{+} [/tex] which is accepted by the basic side of the molecule which is [tex] \bold{NH_2} [/tex]. The molecule in solution becomes:[tex]\bold{ ^ - OOC—CH_2—{NH_3}^{+}}[/tex]
In this state both negative and positive charges cancel out and the net charge on the molecule becomes zero.At a pH of 7 ( neutral state), both negative and positive charges cancel out on each each and the net charge becomes zero[tex]\bold{ ^ - OOC—CH_2—{NH_3}^{+}}[/tex]
At a pH of 12( basic state), there are more [tex] \bold{{OH}^{-}} [/tex] ions present than [tex] {H}^{+} [/tex] ions, the [tex]\bold{{OH}^{-}} [/tex] ions draws a proton from [tex] {NH_3}^{+} [/tex] making it neutral leaving the other part of the molecule negatively charged that's [tex]\bold{{COO}^{-}} [/tex]. Thus the net charge on the molecule becomes negative ( -1).[tex] ^-OOC—CH_2—{NH_3}^{+} + {OH}^{-} \: \rightarrow ^ - OOC—CH_2—{NH_2} \: + H_2O \\[/tex]
explain why you would expect the molar heat capacity at constant pressure of an ideal gas to be larger than the molar heat capacity at constant volume.
The thermal capacity under a certain pressure Since the substance expands and produces energy when heat is applied at a constant pressure, CP is greater than the heat capacity at constant volume CV.
Why does the first law of thermodynamics demonstrate that CP Cv R and that specific heat at constant pressure is greater than that at constant volume?In the first instance, the temperature of the gas must be raised with greater heat. Since it requires more energy to raise the temperature by one unit in the former situation, CP, or specific heat at constant pressure, is greater than CV, or specific heat at constant volume.
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the splitting of the uranium atom is called . radioactive cleavage nuclear fission nuclear fusion radioactive merge half life
the splitting of the uranium atom is called nuclear fission.
Fission occurs when a neutron slams into a larger atom, forcing it to excite and split into two smaller atoms also known as fission products. Additional neutrons are also released that can initiate a chain reaction. When each atom splits, a tremendous amount of energy is released.
Nuclear fission is more dangerous than fusion as it produces harmful weapons-grade radioactive waste in the fuel rods that need to be stored safely away for thousands of years.
Fission is the splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two lighter nuclei, and fusion is the process where two light nuclei combine together releasing vast amounts of energy. While different, the two processes have an important role in the past, present and future of energy creation.
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A. lithium and fluorine
Chemical formula: ______
data and report submission - dehydration of an alcohol
Dehydration can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease. Examples include heat, excessive activity, insufficient fluid consumption, excessive sweating, or medication side effects.
What is dehydration of an alcohol?
One route to the synthesis of alkenes is the dehydration of alcohols. This is the process by which alcohols lose water and form double bonds via E1 or E2 mechanisms. Dehydration reactions of alcohols to form alkenes occur by heating alcohols in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid at elevated temperatures.
Alcohol is amphoteric. They act as both acids and bases. The lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom makes the -OH group weakly basic. Oxygen can donate two electrons to an electron-poor proton. Therefore, in the presence of a strong acid, R-OH acts as a base and is protonated to the strongly acidic alkyloxonium ion +OH 2 (protonated tertiary alcohols have pKas as low as -3.8). I can). This fundamental property of alcohols is essential for dehydration reactions with acids to form alkenes.
Therefore, dehydration may be a cause unrelated to the underlying disease. Examples include fever, excessive activity, not drinking enough fluids, excessive sweating, and side effects of medications.
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What is the density of carbon dioxide gas at 248 K and 98.0 kPa ?
A) 0.232 g/L
B) 0.279 g/L
C) 0.994 g/L
D) 1.74 g/L
E) 2.09 g/L
The density of carbon dioxide gas at 248 K and 98.0 kPa is 2.09g/L.
What is the Combine Gas Law?
Boyle's Law, Charles Law, and Gay-Lussac Law are combined to form the combined gas law. It claims that a constant exists between the ratio of a gas's absolute temperature to the product of its pressure and volume. The ideal gas law is produced when Avogadro's law is paired with the combined gas law. The combined gas law has no recognized discoverer, unlike the named gas laws. When temperature, pressure, and volume are held constant, the combined gas law is just a combination of the other gas laws that operates. There are a few standard equations for expressing the combined gas law. The established law connects Boyle's law with Charles law as follows:
PV/T = k
We know that,
1 kPa = 0.00987 atm
So,
P = 0.00987*98 = 0.967atm
T= 248K
Now, the ideal gas equation
PV=nRT
again, n= m/M
where,
m= Mass, M =Molar mass
and density(d) = m/v
now, PV= mRT/M
therefore, d = PM/RT
Molar mass of CO2= 44g/mol
Therefore, d = 0.967atm * 44 g/mol / 0.82Latm/Kmol * 248 K = 2.09g/L
Therefore, option E is correct.
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Which one of these has the highest freezing point?
(i) 1M glucose
(ii) 1M NaCl
(iii) 1M CaC{l_2}
Since glucose does not separate into ions, it will have a single van't hoff factor. Since glucose has the highest freezing point, it will be. Therefore, I $1M $ glucose is the right answer.
What substance has the greatest freezing point?
At 3695 K, tungsten exhibits the highest rate of fusion of any chemical element.
What is the short definition of the Van t Hoff factor?
The ratio of a substance's mass concentration to the percentage of the particles that are produced when it dissolves is known as the Van't Hoff factor. The Van't Hoff factor describes how much a chemical interacts or decomposes in a solution.
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