The two changes that would decrease the density of ocean water are increasing its temperature and Decreasing it's salinity.
What is density?
Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit of volume. It is usually expressed in g/cm3 or kg/m3. It is a measure of how tightly the molecules of a substance are packed together. Density is an important physical property of a material because it affects how it interacts with other materials, how it behaves under different conditions, and how it is affected by forces such as gravity.
The density of seawater is determined by its temperature and salinity. As the temperature of seawater increases, the density of the water decreases. This is because the molecules of water expand and move farther apart as they are heated, resulting in a decrease in the mass per unit volume of water. Similarly, as the salinity of seawater decreases, the density of the water also decreases. This is because the salt in seawater increases the mass per unit volume of water, making the water denser. If the amount of salt in the water decreases, then the water will be less dense.
Therefore, increasing its temperature and Decreasing it's salinity decrease the density of ocean water.
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The time needed for a water wave to change from the equilibrium level to the crest is 0.5731 s.
1. What is the period of the wave? Answer in units of s.
2. What is the frequency of the wave? Answer in units of Hz.
1. The period of the waves is 2.2924s.
2. The frequency of the wave is 0.4362 Hz.
Given :
t=0.5731 s.
The time taken to travel this would be
t = T/4
T = [tex]0.5731*4[/tex]
T = 2.2924
Frequency is given by,
f = 1/T
f = [tex]1/2.2924[/tex]
f = 0.4362 Hz.
What is the time period in physics?
The time taken for one complete oscillation to occur is called the Time Period. It is denoted by T. Its unit is seconds.
What is the frequency?
Frequency is the number of vibrations or the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. The frequency is measured in terms of Hertz.
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a skydiver falls towards the earth. the attraction of the earth on the diver pulls the diver down. what is the reaction to this force? air resistance the diver encounters while falling the attraction to the planets, stars, and every particle in the universe water resistance that will soon act upward on the diver all of these none of these
The reaction to the force of the Earth's attraction is air resistance, which the diver encounters while falling.
What is air resistance?Air resistance is a type of drag force that occurs when air slows down an object's motion as it moves through the air. It is an opposing force that acts on an object in motion through the air, and is caused by the air molecules colliding with the object's surface.
This air resistance creates an upward force on the diver, slowing down their descent. Additionally, the diver also experiences water resistance when they reach the surface of the water, which acts in the opposite direction of the Earth's gravitational attraction, pushing the diver upwards. Finally, the diver is also affected by the attraction of other planets, stars, and particles in the universe, although their influence is negligible compared to the Earth's gravitational pull.
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nd we place a potential difference 5.05 v across a and b, how much charge is present on the c2 capacitor?
The charge on capacitor C2 is 3.367 microcoulombs.
To determine the charge on capacitor C2, we can use the formula for capacitance:
C = Q / V
where C is the capacitance, Q is the charge, and V is the potential difference. We can rearrange this formula to solve for the charge:
Q = C * V
We first need to calculate the equivalent capacitance of the circuit, which can be found by adding the capacitances of C1 and C3 in series, and then adding that result to C2 in parallel. The equivalent capacitance is:
1/Ceq = 1/C1 + 1/C3
1/Ceq = 1/2 µF + 1/1 µF
1/Ceq = 1.5 µF
Ceq = 2/3 µF
Now we can find the charge on C2 by using the formula:
Q = C2 * V
Substituting the known values, we get:
Q = (2/3 µF) * 5.05 V = 3.367 µC
Therefore, the charge on capacitor C2 is 3.367 microcoulombs.
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if a capped syringe which is in a warm room is plunged into cold water, in which direction will the syringe piston slide?
Decrease in pressure creates a net force acting on the piston, which pushes in the direction, piston inward and reduces the volume of the air inside the syringe.
When a capped syringe is plunged into cold water, the air inside the syringe will cool down and its volume will decrease. This change in volume will cause a change in presspistonure inside the syringe, which will cause the syringe piston to move in a particular direction.
Assuming that the temperature of the syringe and the water is initially in equilibrium, the pressure inside the syringe is equal to the atmospheric pressure outside the syringe. When the syringe is plunged into cold water, the air inside the syringe cools down and its volume decreases. This decrease in volume causes a decrease in the pressure inside the syringe, which is now lower than the atmospheric pressure outside the syringe. The result is a net force acting on the piston, which pushes the piston inward and reduces the volume of the air inside the syringe.
To see why this happens, we can use the ideal gas law, which states that the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas are related by the equation PV = nRT,
[tex]P_1V_1 = nRT_1[/tex]
[tex]P_2V_2 = nRT_2[/tex]
here,
[tex]P_2[/tex] & [tex]V_2[/tex] are the final pressure and volume of the air inside the syringe.
Since the number of moles of air inside the syringe is constant, we can write:
[tex]P_1V_1 = P_2V_2[/tex]
If the volume of the air inside the syringe decreases, as it does when the syringe is plunged into cold water, then the pressure inside the syringe must also decrease. This means that the pressure inside the syringe is now lower than the atmospheric pressure outside the syringe. The result is a net force acting on the piston, which pushes the piston inward and reduces the volume of the air inside the syringe.
In summary, when a capped syringe is plunged into cold water, the air inside the syringe cools down and its volume decreases, which causes a decrease in the pressure inside the syringe. This decrease in pressure creates a net force acting on the piston, which pushes the piston inward and reduces the volume of the air inside the syringe.
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your roommate is working on his bicycle and has the bike upside down. he spins the 60.0 cm -diameter wheel, and you notice that a pebble stuck in the tread goes by three times every second. what is the acceleration of the pebble
The acceleration of the pebble stuck in the tread goes by three times every second is 106.592 m/s².
Diameter = 60 cm, Radius = 60/2 = 30 cm = 30/100 = 0.3 m.
The pebble in the tread goes by 3 times every second.
This is the same as 3 times per second.
Recall the unit of frequency is Hertz or per second, s⁻¹
So 3 times per second, Frequency, f = 3s⁻¹ or 3 Hertz
For angular motion:
Angular speed, ω = 2πf
= 2*π*3
= 6π rad/s
Linear speed, v = ωr = 6π * 0.3 = 1.8π m/s
Linear acceleration, a = v² / r
a = 1.8π * 1.8π / 0.3 = 10.8π² m/s²
Angular acceleration α = a/r = 10.8π² / 0.3 = 36π² rad/s²
Angular speed = 6π rad/s ≈ 18.840 rad/s
The linear speed of the pebble = 1.8π m/s ≈ 5.655 m/s
The angular acceleration = 36π² rad/s² ≈ 355.306 rad/s²
The linear acceleration of the pebble = 10.8π² m/s ≈ 106.592 m/s²
The rate at which the speed and direction of a moving object vary over time. A point or object going straight ahead is accelerated when it accelerates or decelerates. Even if the speed is constant, motion on a circle accelerates because the direction is always shifting.
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how much energy is lost to friction if the motorcycle only gains an altitude of 21 m before coming to rest?
Zero energy is lost to friction if the motorcycle only gains an altitude of 21 m before coming to rest.
To calculate the energy lost to friction,
we need to use the relationship between the potential energy gained by the motorcycle and the work done by friction to bring the motorcycle to a stop.
The potential energy gained by the motorcycle can be calculated using:PE = mgh
where m is the mass of the motorcycle, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height gained by the motorcycle.
Substituting the given values,
we have:
PE = (250 kg) x9.81 m/s^2x (21 m)
PE = 51,622.5 J
The work done by friction can be calculated using:
W = Fd
where F is the force of friction, and d is the distance travelled by the motorcycle before coming to a stop.
Since the force of friction is in the opposite direction to the direction of motion, the work done by friction is negative.
Substituting the given values, we have:W = -F x d
We don't know the force of friction, but we can use the work-energy principle to relate it to the potential energy gained by the motorcycle and the work done by friction.
The work-energy principle states that:W = ΔK + ΔU
where ΔK is the change in kinetic energy, and
ΔU is the change in potential energy.
Since the motorcycle comes to a stop, the change in kinetic energy is equal to the initial kinetic energy (since the final kinetic energy is zero).
Therefore:W = -ΔK + ΔU
Since the motorcycle starts from rest, the initial kinetic energy is zero,
So,
W = -Kf + ΔU
where Kf is the final kinetic energy (which is zero) and
ΔU is the potential energy gained by the motorcycle.
Substituting the given values, we have:W = -51,622.5 J + 51,622.5 JW = 0 J
Therefore, the work done by friction is zero, which means that all of the potential energy gained by the motorcycle was converted to other forms of energy (such as heat and sound). None of the energy was lost to friction.
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John is pushing a wheelbarrow with a sand on a buildingsite. The total mass of the wheelbarrow and it's contents is 30 kg . When he applies a force of 20N, the wheelbarrow moves forward at a constant speed. What is the magnitude of the friction between the wheels and the ground? Explain your answer.(20N)
Let the magnitude of friction force = f
acceleration ,a = 0 (because it moves with constant speed)
F=ma
20-f=30x0
f=20N
explain why energy bonds for utilities tied to bakken shale oil are especially risky.
Energy bonds for utilities tied to Bakken shale oil are especially risky because of the volatile nature of the oil industry and because their oil is expensive to extract due to its geographic location.
The Bakken shale oil fields in North Dakota and Montana have been a major source of oil production in the United States, but the industry has seen a lot of ups and downs in recent years. This volatility can make it difficult for utilities to accurately predict their revenues and expenses, which can make it difficult to repay the bonds.
Additionally, the Bakken shale oil fields are subject to a number of environmental and regulatory risks, which can also impact the profitability of the utilities. As a result, energy bonds for utilities tied to Bakken shale oil are considered to be especially risky investments.
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what is assumption we are trying to validate in part a of the calorimetry experiment? styrofoam cups are equivalent to a 150 ml beaker. styrofoam cups isolate the system and surroundings from the rest of the universe. styrofoam cups keep our coffee hot. styrofoam cups open the system and surroundings to the rest of the universe. styrofoam cups support heat flow from the system to the surroundings.
The assumption we are trying to validate in part a of the calorimetry experiment:
No heat is lost to the terrain- that is, energy exchange only happens between the object of interest and water. No heat is lost to the surroundings.In connection to Assumption 1, there's only a veritably negligible( if any) transfer of energy to the walls of the vessel( this is the energy transferred to the calorimeter itself, which is still part of the system. This supposition is necessary because measures are made to water-- see Assumption 1).The heat measured is also attributed to a complete response. Hence, it's always assumed that the response is 100 complete- i.e. 100 Yield, which noway happens in real life.For dilute results, the supposition is that the viscosity is always equal to that of water(1.00 g/ ml) with a specific heat capacity of4.18 joule per gram per degree Celcius.In connection to Assumption 3, it's also assumed that in whatever chemical response is being studied, no side response is occuring, and that no contamination is present in the system( which is of course a necessity, and the researcher should make sure that there's as little contamination as possible).Learn more about calorimetry experiment:
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Complete question:
What is/are the purpose(s) of the Styrofoam cups in this experiment? What are some assumptions that we make during this experiment in order to calculate the enthalpy of formation of ammonium sulfate? Calculate the mass of the solution used if a student added 35.369 grams of ammonium sulfate to enough water to give 80.0 mL of solution. The density of the solution was 1.00 g/mL. How many significant figures should your answer have? For the reaction (i.e., Part I of this experiment, calculate the number of moles of the limiting reactant when 25.0 mL of 2.085 M H_2SO_4 (aq) it mixed with 50.0 mL of 1.873 M NH_3(aq) using the molar ratio of the reaction. Show your work with the correct units and number of significant figures.
what is the azimuth of an object that is ten degrees south of east?
Azimuth is measured in degrees, with a full circle having 360 degrees, counting clockwise from north. A ten degree south of east object has an azimuth of 100 degrees.
Azimuth circles have 360 degrees in them. 90 degrees is equivalent to the east, 180 to the south, 270 to the west, 360 to the north, and 0 to the north. a horizon arc that is measured from a fixed point, such as true north, to the vertical arc that passes across the center of an object. Your azimuth is the line. You must now calculate the line's grid azimuth, or the angle between the line and grid north. Learn the concepts azimuth and direction by memorizing flashcards with terms like Ten degrees south of you, a brilliant star may be seen in the southern sky.
The term azimuth is used in astronomy and navigation to describe the horizontal angle between an object's direction and true north. The east is at 90 degrees, the south is at 180 degrees, and the west is at 270 degrees since it is often measured in degrees clockwise from the north.
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what is free-fall, and why does it make you weightless? briefly describe why astronauts are weightless in the international space station.
Free-fall is the state of motion where an object is accelerating due to gravity alone, with no other forces acting on it. Everything inside the ISS is also in free-fall, the astronauts and everything else in the station are weightless
In free-fall, an object is said to be weightless because it experiences zero normal force, which is the force that a surface exerts on an object to support its weight.
When an astronaut is inside the International Space Station, they are essentially in a state of constant free-fall around the Earth. The ISS is in a low-Earth orbit, which means that it is moving fast enough to continuously fall towards the Earth but also fast enough to miss it due to the curvature of the Earth. They experience no normal force and feel as though they are floating in microgravity.
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consider the compression of air by means of (a) shock compression and (b) isentropic compression. starting from the same initial conditions of p1 and v1, plot to scale the pv diagrams for both compression processes on the same graph. from the comparison, what can you say about the effectiveness of shock versus isentropic compression?
Effectiveness of shock compression versus isentropic compression depends on the application and the desired compression characteristics.
Shock compression and isentropic compression are two methods used for compressing air. In shock compression, the air is rapidly compressed by a shock wave, while in isentropic compression, the compression is slow and reversible, and the entropy remains constant throughout the process.
When we compare the PV diagrams for these two compression processes, we observe that the shock compression curve is steeper than the isentropic compression curve. This means that for the same final pressure, the volume in shock compression is smaller than in isentropic compression. This indicates that shock compression is a more effective compression process compared to isentropic compression.
The effectiveness of shock compression arises due to its rapid compression rate, which generates a higher pressure rise and temperature increase. This makes it useful for high-pressure applications, such as in supersonic aircraft engines and shock-wave experiments.
However, shock compression also generates a significant amount of entropy and heat, which can lead to the degradation of the compressed gas. Isentropic compression, on the other hand, produces no entropy or heat, but is slower and less effective for high-pressure applications.
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If a meteor with a 20 m in diameter impacts Earth on land, approximately how big will the crater be? a) 50 to 100 m in diameter. b) 200-400 m in diameter. c) 300-500 m in diameter.
A meteorite crater is a depression created when a spacecraft from another planet or solar system collides with Earth or another relatively big solid body, such as the Moon, another planet and its satellites, or larger asteroids and comets. Thus, option A is correct.
What is the meteor related to crater?A crater will most likely be created at the point of impact when a meteor impacts a planet. The size of the crater will increase as the object moves faster and becomes larger or heavier. The biggest predictors of impact crater size are the meteor's mass and velocity.
When a smaller solid object, such as an asteroid or meteorite, strikes the surface of a bigger solid object, such as a planet or moon, an impact crater is created.
Therefore, approximately big will the crater be 50 to 100 m in diameter.
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A 523 N force is applied to an object, causing it to accelerate 12 m/s2. The mass of the object is ____.
Answer:
43.58kg
Explanation:
The equation F=ma will help here.
F=ma
523N=m(12m/s^2)
43.58kg=m
A beam of light strikes a mirror at an angle of 45 degrees. What shape is formed by the beam of light?
A. Any motion into directions such as up and down
B. The letter v
C. A straight line
D. The letter U
PLEASE ANSWER ASAPPPP
A mirror receives a light beam at a 45 degree angle. The light beam takes the form of a straight line. As a result, choice (C) is accurate.
When a beam of light strikes a mirror at an angle, the reflected beam follows the law of reflection, which states that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence, and both angles are measured with respect to the normal (a line perpendicular to the surface of the mirror) at the point of incidence.
In this case, since the beam of light strikes the mirror at an angle of 45 degrees, the angle of reflection is also 45 degrees, as shown in the diagram below:-
/|
/ |
/ |
/ |
/________| <--- Mirror surface
| /
| /
| /
| /
As a result of the law of reflection, the reflected beam of light will form a symmetrical angle with the incident beam, as shown in the diagram below:-
/|
/ |
/ |
/ |
| /
| /
| /
|/
This reflected beam will continue to travel in a straight line away from the mirror, and will not change shape. Therefore, the correct answer is option C: "A straight line".
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ou make an interferometer using a 50-50 beam splitter and two mirrors, one being a perfect mirror and one which does not reflect all light. the wavelength of the 9-mw incident laser is 400 nm. because the top mirror is not perfectly reflective (it reflects 90% of the photons, allowing 10% of them to go through), the power measured at the detector when only the vertical arm is blocked is 2.25 mw, while the power measured at the detector when only the horizontal arm is blocked is only 2.025 mw. assume initially the detected power is at its maximum. how much would we need to translate the perfect mirror to the right to get a minimum power at the detector, and what is that minimum power?
To obtain the lowest power at the detector, move the ideal mirror to the right by 86.2 nm; the lowest power is 0.225 mW.
We can divide a laser beam into two pathways using a 50-50 beam splitter, bounce one route off a perfect mirror, and bounce the other path off a mirror that does not reflect all light to form an interferometer.
In this configuration, interference between the two laser light streams can result in a pattern of both constructive and destructive interference that can be picked up by a detector.
We can adjust the ideal mirror to the right to create a minimal power at the detector if the measured power is initially at its maximum. This is due to the fact that shifting the mirror can alter the interference pattern by changing the distance between the two pathways taken by the laser light.
We may utilize the fact that the measured power is highest when the two laser light streams are in phase and minimum when they are out of phase to calculate how far we need to move the ideal mirror. The power measured at the detector when just the vertical arm is blocked is 2.25 mw, and when only the horizontal arm is blocked, it is 2.025 mw.
Power detected at detector is:
P = (1/2) * [tex]P_in[/tex] * (1 +- [tex]cos(Δφ)[/tex]))
where [tex]P_in[/tex] : incident power, Δφ : light phase difference and the ± sign depends on whatever path is blocked.
When power: maximum, phase difference :integral multiple of [tex]2\pi[/tex], i.e., Δφ = [tex]2\pi n[/tex]. When the power is minimum, the phase difference is an odd multiple of π, i.e., Δφ = [tex](2n+1)\pi /2.[/tex]
Solve phase difference:
Δφ = [tex]arccos[(4P_min/P_in) - 1][/tex]
[tex]P_min[/tex] :min power at detector = 2.025 mw.
Substitute values:
Δφ = [tex]arccos[(4*2.025/9) - 1] = 2.18 radians[/tex]
To find detector power, change the phase difference to [tex](2n+1)\pi /2[/tex]. Move perfect mirror by a distance Δx :
Δφ = [tex](2n+1)\pi /2 = 1.57, 4.71, 7.85, ...[/tex]
We use laser wavelength to find distance Δx:
Δx = Δφ * λ / [tex]2\pi[/tex]
λ: laser wavelength wavelength which is 400 nm
Substitute values:
Therefore,
Δx = 86.2 nm
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which particles constantly move around the center of an atom
Answer:
electron is the correct answer
Explanation:
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the earth has a much larger mass than the moon. how many moons would it take to equal the mass of earth?
It would take approximately 81.3 Moons to equal the mass of the Earth.
What is the mass of the earth?Iron and oxygen make up the majority of the Earth's mass. Each of these makes up around 32% of the mass of the planet. Calcium, aluminum, and nickel make up roughly 1.5% of the total, followed by magnesium and silicon, which each contribute another 15%.
The mass of the Earth is approximately 5.97 x 10^24 kilograms, while the mass of the Moon is approximately 7.35 x 10^22 kilograms.
To determine how many Moons would be required to equal the mass of the Earth, we can divide the mass of the Earth by the mass of the Moon:
5.97 x 10^24 kg / 7.35 x 10^22 kg = 81.3
Therefore, it would take approximately 81.3 Moons to equal the mass of the Earth.
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the fundamental frequency of a string fixed at both ends is 331 hz. how long does it take for a wave to travel the length of this string?
The fundamental frequency of a string that is fixed at both ends is given by
f = v /2sL
where v and L are the speed of sound and string length, respectively.
The amount of time it takes for the wave to travel the length of the string, on the other hand, is given by
t = L/v
As a result, we have
t = L/v
t = v /2f /v
t = 1 /2f
t = 1 /2f
t= 1/2(255hz)
t=1.96 *10⁻³s
The fundamental frequency is computed as f = v/2*L, where v is the speed of the sound wave and L is the length of a tube or device through which the wave is moving. Wavelength multiplied by frequency equals speed. The wave length in this equation is given in metres, while the frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), or the number of waves per second. As a result, wave speed is expressed in metres per second, the SI unit of speed. If the frequencies are all integers or precise multiples of a fundamental frequency, the greatest common divisor of the frequencies can be used. If the frequencies are 1760, 2200, and 3080, then the fundamental frequency is 440 since it is the greatest common divisor.
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A quantity of steam (250 g) at 128°C is condensed, and the resulting water is frozen into ice at 0°C. How much heat was removed?
the heat removed from the steam is 128000 J.
When steam is condensed into water, its temperature decreases from 128°C to 0°C. During this process, heat is removed from the steam and transferred to the surrounding environment. This heat transfer can be calculated using the equation:
q = m * c * ΔT
where q is the heat transferred, m is the mass of the steam, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
For steam, the specific heat capacity is about 4.184 J/g°C. For water, the specific heat capacity is about 4.184 J/g°C as well.
Plugging in the values, we have:
q = 250 g * 4.184 J/g°C * (128°C - 0°C)
q = 250 * 4.184 * 128
q = 128000 J
A capacitor is a device that is used to store up electrical potential energy. It consists of three parts sandwiched tightly together. Charges from one of the outer pieces are pumped around the circuit onto the other outer layer. In order for the capacitor to be able to build up as much potential as possible, what type of material should the middle layer be made of?
A conductor
An insulator
Any of the above
A semiconductor
The middle layer of a capacitor should be made of an insulator.
What is a capacitor?A capacitor is a passive electronic component that is used to store and release electrical energy in an electrical circuit.
A capacitor works by separating two conductive plates with an insulating material (the dielectric). When a voltage is applied to the plates, electric charge is stored in the dielectric and the capacitor can hold electrical energy.
Therefore, the middle layer of the capacitor must be an insulator so that it can prevent the electric charge from flowing between the two outer plates, and enable the build-up of as much potential as possible. If the middle layer were made of a conductor or a semiconductor, the capacitor would not work as intended.
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The escape velocity on Earth is 11.2 km/s.The escape velocity on a planet having mass twice that of the earth and radius half that of the earth will be- a. 22.4 km/s b. 11.2 km/s c. 33.6 km/s d. None of the above
How do you know if a process is endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic reactions have negative enthalpy because they release more energy than they take in. Consider this to be the quantity of heat that is emitted from (or removed from) the reaction.
A reaction is endothermic and will have a positive enthalpy if it absorbs or utilises more energy than it produces.
Energy is needed to dissociate atom bonds. It is liberated by forming new bonds.
The energy needed to dissolve the bonds between the reactants less the energy produced during the creation of new bonds in the products is the enthalpy of the reaction.
Examining the enthalpy changes during methane burning
In this reaction, the bonds between the oxygen atoms and the carbon atoms as well as the hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms are severed. These connections must be broken, which causes the reaction to consume energy.
New bonds then develop between carbon and oxygen as well as between hydrogen and oxygen.
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when the first object reaches the bottom, what is the height above the ground of the other object? answer in units of m.
The remaining height of the second object is half the initial height of both objects, or h/2.
Let h be the initial height of both objects. When the first object reaches the bottom, it has lost all its potential energy, which is converted into kinetic energy. At this point, the second object still has some potential energy, which we can calculate as follows:
[tex]mgh = (1/2)mv^2[/tex]
where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the remaining height, and v is the velocity of the object at the bottom.
Since the two objects have the same mass, we can cancel m from both sides of the equation:
[tex]gh = (1/2)v^2[/tex]
Now we can solve for h:
[tex]h = (1/2)(v^2/g)[/tex]
We know that v is the same for both objects and that it is given by:
[tex]v = \sqrt{(2gh)[/tex]
Substituting this expression for v in the equation for h, we get:
[tex]h = (1/2)(2gh/g) = h/2[/tex]
Therefore, the remaining height of the second object is half the initial height of both objects, or h/2.
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What does the mitochondria do?
Hold water
turn energy into food
In addition to generating energy, mitochondria also carry out a variety of other tasks for the cell, such as cellular metabolism, the citric acid cycle, producing heat, regulating calcium concentration, etc.
Describe mitochondria.The majority of the chemical energy required to drive a cell's metabolic operations is produced by membrane-bound cell organelles called mitochondria (plural: mitochondrion). Adenosine triphosphate is a little molecule that stores the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria (ATP).
What carry out the mitochondria?In addition to their obvious role in oxidative phosphorylation, which generates cellular ATP, mitochondria also play critical roles in ion homeostasis, various metabolic pathways, apoptosis and programmed cell death, as well as the creation and consumption of ROS.
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A 10 kg red ball travels with a velocity of 6 m/s toward a 8 kg blue ball that is traveling at a speed of 11 m/s in the opposite direction. What is the velocity of the blue ball after collision if the velocity of the red ball after collision is 6 m/s? (Note: the balls have changed direction.)
Assuming the red ball was moving in a positive direction when it first collision with the blue ball, the blue ball's velocity after the impact is -9 m/s (indicating it is moving in the opposite direction).
A collision is what?When two bodies, such as two pool cues, a golf club and a ball, a hammer and a nail, two railroad cars when united, or a falling object and a floor, abruptly and forcefully meet in close proximity to one another, it results in a collision, also known as an impact.
Before the impact, the system's total momentum is:
p before = m1v1 + m2v2
Substituting the given values:
p before = (10 kg)(6 m/s) + (8 kg)(-11 m/s) = -2 kg m/s
Following the collision, the system's overall momentum is:
p after = m1v1' + m2v2'
The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of the system before and after the collision is the same, so:
p before = p after
Using the given values as substitutes, find v2':
-2 kg m/s = (10 kg)(6 m/s) + (8 kg)(v2')
v2' = (-2 kg m/s - 60 kg m/s) / 8 kg
v2' = -9 m/s
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unpolarized light is incident upon two polarization filters that do not have their transmission axes aligned. if 37% of the light passes through this combination of filters, what is the angle between the transmission axes of the filters?
Unpolarized light passes through a Polaroid filter and emerges as polarised light with vibrations in a single plane and half the intensity of unpolarized light. Because of the chemical makeup of the filter material, Polaroid filters can polarize light.
What use of polarization filters in unpolarized light?The intensity of the unpolarized light is I
Intensity of the light after 1 st polariser I ' = I /2
Intensity of the light after 2 nd polariser I " = 37 %of I = 0.37 I
from malus law I " = I ' cos 2 θ
from this orientation θ = cos -1 ( √[ I " / I] )
θ = cos -1 ( √[ 0.37 I / I/2 ] )
θ = cos -1 ( √[ 0.37 *2 ] )
θ = cos -1 (0.86023 )
= 30.65 degrees
~ 31 degrees
Therefore, 31 degrees is the angle between the transmission axes of the filter.
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a car moves at constant speed on a straight but hilly road. one section has a crest and a dip of the same 250 m radius, as shown in the figure. a) as the car passes over the crest, the normal force is one-half of the 16-kn weight of the car. what will the normal force on the car be as it passes through the bottom of the dip? b) what is the greatest speed at which the car can move without leaving the road at the top of the hill? c) moving at the speed found in b), what will be tje normal force on the car as it moves through the bottom of the dip?
The normal force will be greater than 8 kN because the car will experience an additional downward force due to gravity.
The maximum speed that the vehicle can travel without 16 kN.
The car will feel an additional downward force from gravity, therefore the normal force will be more than 8 kN.
a) When the car passes over the crest, the normal force is one-half of the weight of the car. This means that the normal force is 1/2 x 16 kN = 8 kN. As the car passes through the bottom of the dip,
b) To determine the greatest speed at which the car can move without leaving the road at the top of the hill, you can use the following equation:
centrifugal force = [tex](mass \times velocity^2)[/tex] / radius
The centrifugal force is the force that acts outward when an object moves in a circular path. In this case, the circular path is the crest of the hill. The mass of the car is known to be 16 kN / 9.81 [tex]m/s^2[/tex] = 1,630 kg (assuming g = 9.81 [tex]m/s^2[/tex]). The radius of the crest of the hill is given to be 250 m. You can rearrange the equation to solve for velocity:
velocity = sqrt((centrifugal force x radius) / mass)
The maximum velocity at the crest of the hill is the velocity at which the centrifugal force is equal to the weight of the car:
centrifugal force = weight = 16 kN
Substitute the values into the equation to find the maximum velocity.
c) Once you have found the maximum velocity, you can use the same equation as in part a) to find the normal force on the car as it moves through the bottom of the dip. The normal force will be greater than 8 kN because the car will experience an additional downward force due to gravity.
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what is the magnitude of a point charge that would create an electric field of 1.20 n/c at points 1.60 m away?
The magnitude of a point charge that would create an electric field of 1.20 n/c at points 1.60 m away is 0.341 * [tex]10^{-9}[/tex] C.
Each location in space where a charge exists in any form can be considered to have an electric field attached to it. The electric force per unit charge is another name for an electric field. Variable magnetic fields or electric charges are frequently the cause of electric fields. Volts per metre (V/m), a unit used in the SI, is used to express electric field strength. The force acting on the positive charge is assumed to be exerted in the direction of the pitch. The electric field is directed radially inwards towards negative point charge and radially outwards from positive charge.
Electric field = 1.20 n/c
r= 1.60 m
[tex]E=\frac{q}{4\pi E_{o}*r^{2} } \\q=4\pi E_{o}*E*r^{2} \\=\frac{(1.20 n/c)((1.60m)^{2} }{8.99*10^{9}N.\frac{m^{2} }{C^{2} } } \\=0.341*10^{-9} C[/tex]
Therefore, the magnitude of a point charge that would create an electric field of 1.20 n/c at points 1.60 m away is 0.341 * [tex]10^{-9}[/tex] C.
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when a 0.106 kg mass is suspended at rest from a certain spring, the spring stretches 3.80 cm. find the instantaneous acceleration of the mass when it is raised 6.30 cm, compressing the spring 2.50 cm.
The instantaneous acceleration of the mass when it is raised 6.30 cm and compresses the spring 2.50 cm is 16.26 m/s^2.
To solve this problem, we can use the equation for the force exerted by a spring:
F = -kx
When the mass is suspended at rest from the spring, the force exerted by the spring balances the weight of the mass, so we can write:
kx = mg
Solving for the spring constant, we get:
k = mg / x
Substituting the given values, we have:
k = (0.106 kg)(9.81 m/s^2) / 0.0380 m = 27.36 N/m
When the mass is raised 6.30 cm, the displacement of the spring is x = -0.0250 m (since the spring is compressed by 2.50 cm). The force exerted by the spring is:
F = -kx = -(27.36 N/m)(-0.0250 m) = 0.684 N
By Newton's second law, the net force on the object is:
Fnet = ma
where a is the instantaneous acceleration of the object.
The net force is the sum of the force exerted by the spring and the weight of the object:
Fnet = F + mg = 0.6875 N + (0.106 kg)(9.81 m/s^2) = 1.7239 N
Solving for the acceleration, we get:
a = Fnet / m = 1.7239 N / 0.106 kg = 16.2632 m/s^2
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